THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICATHE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA

CHAPTER 11 - SECTION 1CHAPTER 11 - SECTION 1

WHY IT MATTERS NOWWHY IT MATTERS NOW

• African nations continue to feel African nations continue to feel the effects of the colonial the effects of the colonial presence more than 100 years presence more than 100 years laterlater

EMPIRE BUILDINGEMPIRE BUILDING

• Europeans established colonies Europeans established colonies ignoring the claims of African:ignoring the claims of African:

• Ethnic groupsEthnic groups

• KingdomsKingdoms

• City-statesCity-states

IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISM

• The seizure of a country or territory The seizure of a country or territory by a stronger countryby a stronger country

WHY DID EUROPEANS WANT TO COLONIZE WHY DID EUROPEANS WANT TO COLONIZE AFRICA?AFRICA?

• Industrialization leads to the need for more Industrialization leads to the need for more resources - new marketsresources - new markets

AFRICA BEFORE AFRICA BEFORE EUROPEAN DOMINATION EUROPEAN DOMINATION

• Divided into 100s Divided into 100s of ethnic groupsof ethnic groups

• 1000s of 1000s of languages languages

• Large empires that Large empires that united united independent independent villagesvillages

NATIONS COMPETE FOR NATIONS COMPETE FOR OVERSEAS EMPIRESOVERSEAS EMPIRES

• Steamboat- aided Steamboat- aided inland travel inland travel

• Missionaries, Missionaries, explorers, explorers, humanitarians who humanitarians who opposed Euro and US opposed Euro and US slave tradeslave trade

• Led to an increase in Led to an increase in travel books and travel books and newspapers -newspapers -

• Stories of adventure, Stories of adventure, mystery & excitementmystery & excitement

"DR. LIVINGSTON, I PRESUME?""DR. LIVINGSTON, I PRESUME?"

THE CONGO SPARKS INTERESTTHE CONGO SPARKS INTEREST

• Henry Stanley:Henry Stanley:

• Commissioned by King Leopold II of BelgiumCommissioned by King Leopold II of Belgium

• To obtain land in the CongoTo obtain land in the Congo

• Claimed the motive was to end slavery & Claimed the motive was to end slavery & promote Christianitypromote Christianity

• Really he just exploited the Really he just exploited the CongoleseCongolese

• 10 million die at hands of Leopold 10 million die at hands of Leopold

• Other nations alarmed! (France) Other nations alarmed! (France)

FORCES DRIVING IMPERIALISM FORCES DRIVING IMPERIALISM

• Belief in European Belief in European SuperioritySuperiority

• National pride - National pride - measure of measure of national national greatnessgreatness

• RacismRacism - - reflection of reflection of Social Darwinism Social Darwinism --

FACTORS PROMOTING FACTORS PROMOTING IMPERIALISM IN AFRICAIMPERIALISM IN AFRICA

• Europe: Technologically superior? Europe: Technologically superior?

• Maxim GunMaxim Gun

• Steam engineSteam engine

• Quinine - protected against malariaQuinine - protected against malaria

• Discovery of gold and diamondsDiscovery of gold and diamonds

• Ethnic differences in Africa led to cultural Ethnic differences in Africa led to cultural clashes clashes

BERLIN CONFERENCE BERLIN CONFERENCE

• 14 European countries lay down ground rules 14 European countries lay down ground rules for dividing up Africafor dividing up Africa

Demand for Raw Materials Demand for Raw Materials Shapes the ColoniesShapes the Colonies

Belgian Congo = Copper & TinBelgian Congo = Copper & Tin

South Africa = Gold & DiamondsSouth Africa = Gold & Diamonds

All over Africa = Cash cropsAll over Africa = Cash crops

peanutspeanuts

palm oilpalm oil

cocoa cocoa

rubberrubber

Three Groups Clash Over South Three Groups Clash Over South AfricaAfrica

Africans, Dutch & BritishAfricans, Dutch & British

• Zulus Fight the BritishZulus Fight the British

• ShakaShaka – Zulu Chief – who used highly – Zulu Chief – who used highly disciplined warriors & good military disciplined warriors & good military organization to create a large organization to create a large centralized state. centralized state.

• Eventually lose their lands to the British Eventually lose their lands to the British invadersinvaders

Boers & The British Settle in the Boers & The British Settle in the CapeCape

Boers (Afrikaners)= Dutch FarmersBoers (Afrikaners)= Dutch Farmers

•Took African lands & developed Took African lands & developed farmsfarms

•British take over the land & clash British take over the land & clash with boerswith boers

• Boers fled north (The Great Trek)Boers fled north (The Great Trek)

Boer War (Boer War (South African South African War)War)

• Diamonds & gold found in South AfricaDiamonds & gold found in South Africa

• Boers – tried to keep outisiders from Boers – tried to keep outisiders from gaining political rights –caused gaining political rights –caused rebellionrebellion

• Boers blame the British – begin warBoers blame the British – begin war

• Boers = Guerilla tacticsBoers = Guerilla tactics

• British = burned farms – imprisoned British = burned farms – imprisoned women & children (diseased women & children (diseased concentration camps) concentration camps)

Britain Wins the WarBritain Wins the War