the second new deal 1935-1938
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The Second New Deal 1935-1938. WHO IT HELPED HOW IT HELPED THEM THE RISE OF LABOR HOW THE NEW DEAL WAS CHALLENGED. From the Mouth of Roosevelt. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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THE SECOND NEW
DEAL
1935-1938
WHO I T H
ELPED
HOW I T H
ELPED
THEM
THE RI SE O
F
L ABOR
HOW THE NEW
DEAL WAS
CHALLENGED
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FROM THE MOUTH OF ROOSEVELTWe find our population suffering from the old
inequalities, little changed by our past sporadic remedies. In spite of our effort and in spite of our talk, we have not weeded out the over privileged and we have not effectively lifted up the underprivileged....We have...a clear mandate from the people, that Americans must forswear the conception of the acquisition of wealth which, through excessive profits, creates undue private power over private affairs and, to our misfortune, over public affairs as well. In building toward this end we do not destroy ambition, nor do we seek to divide our wealth into equal shares on stated occasions. We continue to recognize the greater ability of some to earn more than others. But we do assert that the ambition of the individual to obtain for him and his a proper security, a reasonable leisure, and a decent living throughout life is an ambition to be preferred to the appetite for great wealth and great power.
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HOW IS THE 2ND NEW DEAL DIFFERENT FROM THE FIRST NEW
DEAL?Whereas the First New Deal focused on all three R’s (Relief, Recovery and Reform), and provided immediate help toward the Recovery of the ailing Depression economy, The Second New Deal focused on Reform and Relief, especially to directly help minorities, the poor, and the elderly (those people in society most vulnerable).
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HOW IS THE 2ND NEW DEAL THE SAME AS THE NEW DEAL?
• BOTH Relied on Deficit Spending.
The Federal Deficit ran up from 461 million in 1932 to 4.4 Billion in 1936.
• So What?
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SOCIAL SECURITY ACT• August 14, 1935• Pension System for Retirees – based
upon an automatic collection of taxes from employers and employees throughout working people’s careers, then paid monthly to retirees over the age of 65.
• Eventually expanded to include widows, young children of deceased workers, unemployed, and people hurt on the Job.
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WPA Works Progress
AdministrationA make-work
agency.Created a huge
number of very diverse jobs.
Included public works as well as programs in the arts.
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5,300 Artists were hired to create art such as large murals (2,500 in all) to decorate buildings and downtown areas.
_____The Works Progress Administration's Federal Art Project (WPA/FAP)
Alfred Crimi, Modern Surgery and Anesthesia, Harlem Hospital
WPA Mural Inside Coit Tower In San Francisco Showing Scenes Of The Gold Rush And Men Panning For Gold Nuggets
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Hired 6,000(+) writers to write things like guide books for every state in the Union.More importantly writers recorded the Oral histories of various minority groups.Ex. The Slave Narratives.
______ _____ _ _______FEDERAL WRITER’S PROJECT
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WAGNER ACT (AKA: National Labor Relations Act)
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ORGANIZED LABORBecause the Wagner Act recognized the
right of employees to join unions and gave workers the right to collectively bargain, there was a spike in union activity (3 million union members in 1933 to 10 million in 1941), and strikes became a frequent occurrence in the Depression Decade.
Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) – created minimum wage (.40/hr), and time and ½ for overtime; maximum workweek (40 hours); and child labor restrictions (under 16)
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THE SUPREME COURT SHOOTS DOWN NEW DEAL IDEAS
In 1935 the Supreme Court killed the National Recovery Act and a key piece of legislation from the Agricultural Adjustment Act.
Roosevelt was worried that they would rule more of the New Deal Unconstitutional.
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COURT-PACKINGRoosevelt’s 1937 plan was to
add up to six new judges to the supreme court since so many of the judges were already “elderly and overworked”.
These new judges would of course have been New Deal supporters
How does this make Roosevelt look?
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ADD TO STUDY GUIDE:7. Women during the New Deal/ Eleanor Roosevelt8. African- Americans during the New Deal/ New
Deal Coalition9. Native Americans during the New Deal/ the
Environment10. Popular Culture during the 1930’s (Movies,
Radio, Literature)11. Expanding Role of Government and the
Presidency during the New Deal