19 World War II wc.notebook

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April 16, 2013

Apr 11 ­ 11:54 AM

Aggressiontoo many nations with extreme right and left wing governmentsnationalism growing too quickly, people got aggressiveleads to imperialims, leads to war

Japan- a soft power, relied on US for 80% of steel and oiltook Manchuria after a staged attack by "Chinese" soldiersestablished Manchukuo under Pu' yi as a puppetLeague of Nations upset and began sanctions against Japan

Japan quit the league, sanctions were liftedattacked China without mercy nowtook 25% of China's land by 1939

Italy- had attacked Ethiopia for many reasons: revenge, territory, etc...now a viable threat to the Suez canalLeague threatened and condemned Mussolini but did nothingtrade sanctions were placed but later liftedGB and FR turned the other way and ignored the problem

Spain- 1936 Civil war broke out between the Fascists and RepublicansFrancisco Franco supported by GER and ITRepublicans supported by USSR, Lincoln brigadefirst real proxy war of the 20th century

both sides used Spain as a testing ground for new weaponrySpanish people are horrified

George Orwell, Salvador Dali, Ernest Hemmingway

Germany- needed room to grow (Lebensraum) according to Hitlereyed land in eastern Europe and Asia (Ukraine)only problem, slavs lived there, make them slavescalled for 200,000 sq mi for farms and German expansionto prepare for this, in 1935 openly shows his military strengthsent troops to retake the Rhineland from the FRFR preoccupied with Italy in Ethiopia to protest when confronted Hitler just "righted a wrong" promised not to take any other land in Europetold the Germans to prepare for war in 4 years

used the Rhineland to build a powerful army

The Second World War

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April 16, 2013

May 4 ­ 11:41 AM

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April 16, 2013

Apr 15 ­ 2:24 PM

Hitler's planned expansion into Russia

Hitler signed the Axis in 1936 with ItalyAnti-comintern 1937 vowing agianst communismTripartide pact in 1939 with Japan, Italy

March 11, 1938- Nazi party took control of Austira forced the Anschluss "union"common heritage, language, resourcesFR/GB shocked but no action taken due to fear

Appeasementofficial stratgey of FR and GB could not afford a warstill upset over WWI (Somme, Verdun), felt war was uselessonly made the aggressor more aggressive, added fuel to the fire"Hitler is a reasonable man" Stalin is the real enemymany nations began disarming through 5,4,9 power treaties

Hitler demanded the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakiahad 3,000,000 Ger citizensclaimed it to be a threat to Ger autonomyFR promised to help Czechs, backed out due to fear, GB also refused"Napoleon's aims were less than Hitler's!"

Munich Agreement September 1938Neville Chamberlain and Edouard Daladierboth know the danger of Hitler, must have mutual supportHitler promised that this was the last piece of land to take in Europe

Neville "the Great Appeaser" "I have procured peace in our time!"

Churchill called him an idiotHitler was upset over the lack of war, took all of Czech

seeking glory and excuse

March 1939Hitler wanted more, took fleet to Danzig (a free city)would be a warm water port, only one held by Poland

August '39 Nazi Soviet Nonaggression Pactagreed to not fightsecret agreement to divide Poland between them

prepared for war

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April 16, 2013

Apr 15 ­ 2:43 PM

September 1, 1939 Blitzkrieg unleashed on Danzigcity leveledtroops of the Wehrmacht flooded into the bordersPanzer divisions swept over the landconquered in 4 weeks

September 3, 1939War is declared against Germany by Britain and

France

The war began fast and furious with dive bombers, naval guns, invasionsthen nothing for a long time

Sitzkrieg- the phony warGB and FR began quickly pulling an army togetherGer invaded Sweeden USSR invaded Finland in the "Winter War"occasional bombings in Europe but little actual fightingFr amass around the Maginot Line

Hitler's war on Scandinaviaquickly overtakenNorsk Heavy water plantest. air bases to attack shipping in the North Seaneeded the fjords for hiding warships

Later 1940, Hitler began his European waroutflanked the Maginot lineinvaded and overtook Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands

The Allies failed miserably by Germanytried to fight a war of attritionBlitz burst through the lines, no time to fight, just withdrawlpushed back to Dunkirk

Churchill took over the warordered a "arm in arm" withdrawl338,000 fled to Dover left material behind

Hitler drives striaght for the heart of FranceItaly attacked the southern part of FranceFrance is subdued in less than 6 weeks, Paris is capturedPhilippe Petain is forced to sign the capitulation aboard the train car

Hitler has the Treaty of Versailles destroyedFrance is split Northern 3/5 is Occupied France

Southern 2/5 is Vichy France a puppet facist state

Free France is led by Charles De Gaullebased in Londonordered attacks on Germans via radio

secret codes, phone lines cut, rail roads destroyed, espionagevery successful group

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April 16, 2013

Apr 20 ­ 11:07 AM

After taking France Germany is ready for a quick victoryone last enemy GBOperation Sea Lion- bomb, raid, invade

The Battle of BritainGB left alone to fightgot some Lend Lease help from the US, little hopeBlitz launched on LondonRAF stepped up to the plate

"never before in all of human history was so much owed by so many to so few"

American Eagle Squadron- reinforced RAF pilotsRadar alerted GB to oncoming GER but could not risk losing advantage

quick counterattacks insteadair raid sirens drove Londoners underground

Hitler frustrated at the resistance of RAFbegan V1 flying bombs, High altitude bombing "terror weapons"8 months of non stop night bombingslost 43,000 lives but survived

GB kept alive by US support, begged for more supplies, troops, enter the war!!!Trouble with Uboats, Atlantic Charter, general alliance

neither take land or money just national defenseGB launched its first counterattack at Italy, a sure win

protected the Suezdrove all the way to liberate Ethiopiabegan planning to take the Dardanelles

Hitler grew furious with Italy's ineptnessnow he was the senior partner in the Axissaved Italy in Greece and TurkeySent Erwin Rommel to protect N. Africa and take the Suez

Afrika Korp of Panzers and half-tracksGB on the verge of collapse

Hitler stopped Sea Lion, fearing impossibility of a Cross-channel invasionNew Operation Barbarossa- invasion of Russia

Worst move of the war, reason for lossTook BUL, YUGO, HUNG, ROM, and moved east into Ukraine

Unleased the Blitz on Russia Fall 1941too sparsely populated to be effectivedrawn deeply into RUS with long supply linesscorched Earth policy, waited on Genls. Jan and Feb

Ger stopped 18 miles from Moscow, Stalingrad, Leningradmud and rain mired them, winter froze them in the groundGB and US sent supplies to USSRthis kept GER occupied while GB rebuilt

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April 16, 2013

Apr 20 ­ 11:23 AM

The War in the PacificJapan finally declared war on China in 1937

quickly took over the cities on the coastneeded oil and steel

could take it from the East Indies if the US werent aroundHideki Tojo takes over and calls for a planIsoroku Yamamoto- plan to attack Pearl Harbor

6 mo. window to take the PacificFalse diplomacy

1937 USS Panay sunk by Japanese, quick settlementRape of Nanking, 250,000 died in two weeks

US cut off steel and oil shipments to JapanShort and Kimmel established Pearl Harbor for the Pacific fleet14 part note

December 7, 194135 ship armada launched 250+ planes to attack airbases, ships, etc2400 Americans died before the war began8 battleships were lost and the 3 carriers were at seasame day attacked Wake and Guam, also some GB islandsby March took East Indies, Philippines, and oil reserves

US enters the war on the side of the Allies1942 Casablanca conference

convinced by Churchill that Germany was the greater threatgreater capability to produce weaponsJapan was too overextended already

"he who tries to defend all, defends none"

The African Front

US wants to invade France and go straight for the heart of GermanyUSSR begs for the opening of a second front

bleeding to death at Stalingrad, Churchill ok with thatGB decides to go after N. Africa

guranteed win, foothold, soft underbellyOperation Torch- three pronged invasion of N. AfricaErwin Rommel and the Panzer Korp on the defensiveMontgomery, Eisenhower, Patton drive deepKick the Germans out at El Alameinfirst defeat

Riding the success, Patton wanted to take Morocco from VichyDecided instead to continue on with Husky and Avalanche

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April 16, 2013

Apr 21 ­ 11:49 AM

Teheran ConferenceMeeting of the Big Three to decide on a date to open the second frontAgreed on May 1944needed time to supplyUS cut Lend Lease goods to USSR (very upset)decided on an unconditional surrender

The Italian Frontagain persuaded by Churchill to attack Italy rather than FranceUS upset but goes along with itOperation Husky- Invasion of Sicily (38 days)July 1943Operation Avalanche- invasion of ItalyItalian troops failed miserablyItaly disgraced, Allies take all of Southern Italy

German reinforcements held the lines, stalematecould not pass Monte Cassinotried to take Anzio, failed tactically

Mussolini driven out of Italy, removed as PM from Kingfled to Alps to be protected by HitlerWent back to reclaim his glory and powerpeople caught and killed him, declared peace

June 5, 1944 Rome taken, Italy dropped out of the war

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April 16, 2013

Apr 25 ­ 7:13 AM

The Nazi Hierarchy

Eva Braun

The HolocaustNuremberg lawsGoering and Eichmann put in charge of the "final solutionneed to purge racial impurity

jewsgypsiescatholicshomosexualsmentally retardedslavscommunists

Hoped to reduce the slav population by 30 millionhighly organized system of destruction1930's to 1941- round up and shot, this was too overt thoughWannsee Conference

began to round up all European Jews and dissidentsdivided into two groups, sent to two places

Work Camps- Dachau, Bergen-Belsen, Natzewiler, Atlantik Wall, Steel mills, Mines, Logging camps, etc...

mostly located in Germany, Poland, France"If you work, you live!"

Death Camps- usually paired with a work camp to clean up those who starved to death, or who were unable to work any longer

set up as decoys for death campsprisoners did not know the differenceyoung, old, weak, crippled culled out of the crowdsent to the Shower Room, Zyklon B, Chlorine Gas

cheaper than bulletsmade soap, seat cushions, buttons, took gold, clothes

All death camps were placed in PolandAuschwitz, Sobibor, Treblinka, Chelmno, etc...

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April 16, 2013

Apr 25 ­ 7:32 AM

Families were commonly split uphard work, starvation, beatings, medical testing, weapons testing6,000,000 Jews killed5,000,000 other political/racial groups killedmost of the world turned its heads, high immigration laws

ResistanceWarsaw Ghetto, underground movements

armed fighting and sabotageSweeden hid and provided assylum to someKing Christian X of Denmark provided some helpOskar Schindler

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April 16, 2013

Apr 25 ­ 7:35 AM

World wide resistance was met with mass destructionIn Yugoslavia, random distruction of 1/10 of all villagesRussian POW's were killed on the spot

Japan 1937 Rape of Nanking250,000 died in two weeksUS POWs were severely mistreatedBataan Death March 1942 on Luzon 78,000 US and Filipino soldiers taken prisoner after being stranded

marched 65 miles under gauntlet of shots, stabbings, torture600 US killed, 10,000 Filipinos killedalso did medical and weapons testing

Soviets- in 1939-1941 abominations in PolandKatyn Forrest

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.reportersnotebook.com/video/katyn/Picture04.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.reportersnotebook.com/video/katyn/video_katyn1950.html&h=207&w=280&sz=8&tbnid=vz7XGIq5P3gJ:&tbnh=80&tbnw=108&start=17&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dkatyn%2B%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D

NKVDsystematically killed off the intelligencia and upper classesteachers, landowners, clergyencouraged revolt among the poor classdeported 1.5million Poles

sent to work camps and gulags (100,000 died on the way)something had to be done

NKVD: USSR ast SS: GERMANY

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April 16, 2013

Apr 21 ­ 12:03 PM

The Eastern FrontGermany forced to strech long supply lines so deep into Russia

Scorch and run ran out of room at StalingradCaucusses and oil fields beyond would keep Hitler going indefinately

Volga River- nothing to stop GER after thisNamesake city was not to fall no matter whatanyone who retreated was to be shotpoor supplies, millions of soldierscity fighting from street to street, factory to factory

Vassili Zeitzev- Russian Sniper vs. Koeningsniper battle549 snipes149 in Stalingrad

City was leveled600,000 USSR casualties400,000 GER casualties

Turned the tide of the war against the GermansMassive Soviet counter attack

20,000,000 troops sent after the Germans The Red Tide could not be stopped

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April 16, 2013

Apr 25 ­ 11:54 AM

At Teheran the Big Three agreed on a date for the opening of the seond front OPERATION OVERLORD

May 1944 set as tentative date

1942-44 Massive stockpiling of GB by the USinvasion required massive secretLCSGarbo- Double cross systemAluminum stripsFUSAGInflatable tanks/planesdropped fake paratroopers

The Atlantik WallArmy group B under Gen. Gerd von Reundstedt and Erwin RommelCreated as a Fuhrer directiveSteel reinforced concrete walls up to 14 feet thick88mm guns, French 75mm guns, anti-aircraft, panzers0st Divisions and some crack Wehrmacht divisions (36 avg age)

Eisenhower put incharge of SHAEFcalled the shots and worked with all of the other GeneralsScapa flowbombing preps of Pas de Calais and NormandyJune 5th failedJune 6th success

82nd and 101st dropped to open beachheadsFrench ResistanceNaval bombardments- DUKWs- LCPVs- engineers- Mulberries

13000 planes5000 ships170000 troops in first wave, 3,000,000 to come60 mile strip of Normandy

Gold, Juno, Sword, Omaha, UtahShellings fell short

fierce resistance from crack WehrmachtRommel was gone for wife's B-dayRundstedt was gone for war gamesHitler was convinced that Normandy was just a diversion

kept panzers at CalaisHedgerow fightingSte. Mere Egleise-->Cherborg-->Le Harve-->St. Lo-->Paris--> Berlin

Paris liberated on 8-25-44

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April 16, 2013

Apr 25 ­ 12:06 PM

Battle of the Bulge- Hitler's last ditch suprise offensive in the ArdennesDecember 1944

Last ditch in the Ardennes failed to break through Allied linestoo weak ot continue100,000 casualties on both sidesHitler called for old men and boys to defend the fatherland

Russians fly through Poland to get to Berlin firsthoped to dominate and control the cityHitler and Eva's last day

Allies join the Russians on May 7VE Day declared on May 8, 1945

The War in the Pacific1941 Nimitz replaced Kimmel after Pearl Harbor

Planned an immediate strike on TokyoDoolittle's raiders success

Midwaycaught up with the Japanese task force that hit Pearl Harborsunk the Kaga and two aircraft carrierslost one of our ownturning point in the war

Island Hoppingconquer from one to another, establish naval and air bases for fuelGuadalcanal and the Coral SeaPhilippines retaken and restockedMassive assaults after the rebuilding process

Iwo Jima- 50,000 US troops invaded, very painfulOkinawa- 100,000 invaded, tough lossesKamikazes enter the war in a desperation move

rapid loss of pilots and planesnot very effective

Plans for the Invasion of Japan stoppedAtomic Age began on August 6, 1945 at HiroshimaAugust 9, 1945 at Nagasaki

USSR declared war on Manchukuo and JapanSeptember 2, 1945 VJ Day

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April 16, 2013

Apr 26 ­ 1:52 PM

Cost of WWII55,000,000 livesUSSR alone lost over 20,000,000countless left homelessinsurmountable immeasureable costunprecidented bombings of civillians and townstime to pay the piper

Prepare for Test