The Six Kingdoms

Organisms are placed into kingdoms based on five questions

1. Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

2. Unicellular or Multicellular?

3. Producer or Consumer?

4. Does it have a cell wall or not?

5. Does it live in extreme environments?

Nucleus with DNA

DNA

Prokaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Cells

3

1

Prokaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Cells

1

2

3

Prokaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Cells

1

2

3

Cell Membrane

DNA

Cytoplasm

Prokaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Cells

1

2

3

Cell Membrane

DNA

Cytoplasm

1

2

3

4

5

Prokaryotic Cells

1

2

3

4

5

Prokaryotic Cells

1

2

3

4

5

Bacteria

No Nucleus

No Organelles

Unicellular

Microscopic

Prokaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Cells

1

2

3

Cell Membrane

DNA

Cytoplasm

1

2

345

6

7

Bacteria

No Nucleus

No

Organelles

Unicellular

Microscopic

Eukaryotic Cells

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Organelles

Nucleus

Multicellular organisms

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Protists

Prokaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Cells

1

2

3

Cell Membrane

DNA

Cytoplasm

1

2

5

Bacteria

No Nucleus

No

Organelles

Unicellular

Microscopic

Organelles

Nucleus

Multicellular

Protists

Plants

Fungi

Animals

• Unicellular – organisms that exist in nature as a single cell; usually microscopic

• Multicellular – organisms that are more complex; usually with tissues and organs

• Producers – (a. k a. autotrophs) organisms that can carry out photosynthesis to obtain energy

• Consumers – (a.k.a. heterotrophs) organism that eat producers or other consumers to obtain energy

Kingdom Archaebacteria

1. Prokaryote 2. Have a cell wall and some use

flagella or cilia for movement3. Unicellular 4. Autotrophic or heterotrophic5. Asexual6. Methanogens and halophiles

– Live in very extreme environments

– Only recently recognized as a separate bacteria kingdom

– Can be helpful & harmful

Kingdom Eubacteria

1. Prokaryote 2. Have cell walls and

some use flagella or cilia for movement

3. Unicellular 4. Autotrophic or

Heterotrophic5. Asexual6. E-coli & Streptococcus

– Can be helpful & harmful– Largest of the two bacteria

kingdoms & can live almost anywhere

Kingdom Protista

1. Eukaryote2. Nucleus, and many other

organelles3. Most unicellular or some

multicellular 4. Autotrophs or heterotrophs 5. Most reproduce asexually,

some sexually6. Paramecium. Amoeba, algae

– Very diverse kingdom– The “Junk Drawer”

Algae

Kingdom Fungi

1. Eukaryote2. Nucleus and many

organelles; cell walls of chitin3. Multicellular (except yeast)4. All Heterotrophs– they eat!5. Can reproduce asexually

with spores or sexually6. Examples: Mushrooms,

mold, lichens– Important decomposers– Nature’s Recyclers

Kingdom Plantae

1. Eukaryote

2. Nucleus and many organelles, cell walls of cellulose

3. All Multicellular

4. All are Autotrophs

5. Reproduce sexually with pollen or asexually

6. Trees, grass, ferns– Oxygen producers

Kingdom Animalia

1. Eukaryote

2. Nucleus and many organelles, do not have cell walls

3. All Multicellular

4. All Heterotrophs

5. Reproduce sexually or asexually

6. Examples: insects, fish, humans

– Hey! That’s You!

Bay-Breasted WarblerFeeds in the middlepart of the tree

Yellow-Rumped WarblerFeeds in the lower part of the tree andat the bases of the middle branches

Cape May WarblerFeeds at the tips of branchesnear the top of the tree

Spruce tree

Section 4-2

Three Species of Warblers and Their Niches

Go to Section:

KingdomsEubacteria

Archaebacteria

Protista

Plantae

Fungi

Animalia

DOMAIN EUKARYA

DOMAIN ARCHAEA

DOMAIN BACTERIA

Section 18-3

Cladogram of Six Kingdoms and Three Domains

Go to Section:

DOMAIN

KINGDOM

CELL TYPE

CELL STRUCTURES

NUMBER OF CELLS

MODE OF NUTRITION

EXAMPLES

Bacteria

Eubacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls with peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph/ heterotroph

Strep., E- coli

Archaea Eukarya

Classification of Living Things

Section 18-3

Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains

Go to Section: Protist web site

DOMAIN

KINGDOM

CELL TYPE

CELL STRUCTURES

NUMBER OF CELLS

MODE OF NUTRITION

EXAMPLES

Bacteria

Eubacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls with peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph/ heterotroph

Strep., E- coli

Archaea

Archaebacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls without peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

X-tremophiles

Eukarya

Classification of Living Things

Section 18-3

Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains

Go to Section: Protist web site

DOMAIN

KINGDOM

CELL TYPE

CELL STRUCTURES

NUMBER OF CELLS

MODE OF NUTRITION

EXAMPLES

Bacteria

Eubacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls with peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph/ heterotroph

Strep., E- coli

Archaea

Archaebacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls without peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

X-tremophiles

Protista

Eukaryote

Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts

Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp

Eukarya

Classification of Living Things

Section 18-3

Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains

Go to Section: Protist web site

DOMAIN

KINGDOM

CELL TYPE

CELL STRUCTURES

NUMBER OF CELLS

MODE OF NUTRITION

EXAMPLES

Bacteria

Eubacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls with peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph/ heterotroph

Strep., E- coli

Archaea

Archaebacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls without peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

X-tremophiles

Protista

Eukaryote

Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts

Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp

Fungi

Eukaryote

Cell walls of chitin

Most multicellular; some unicellular

Heterotroph

Mushrooms, yeasts

Eukarya

Classification of Living Things

Section 18-3

Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains

Go to Section: Protist web site

DOMAIN

KINGDOM

CELL TYPE

CELL STRUCTURES

NUMBER OF CELLS

MODE OF NUTRITION

EXAMPLES

Bacteria

Eubacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls with peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph/ heterotroph

Strep., E- coli

Archaea

Archaebacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls without peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

X-tremophiles

Protista

Eukaryote

Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts

Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp

Fungi

Eukaryote

Cell walls of chitin

Most multicellular; some unicellular

Heterotroph

Mushrooms, yeasts

Plantae

Eukaryote

Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts

Multicellular

Autotroph

Mosses, ferns, flowering plants

Eukarya

Classification of Living Things

Section 18-3

Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains

Go to Section: Protist web site

DOMAIN

KINGDOM

CELL TYPE

CELL STRUCTURES

NUMBER OF CELLS

MODE OF NUTRITION

EXAMPLES

Bacteria

Eubacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls with peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph/ heterotroph

Strep., E- coli

Archaea

Archaebacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls without peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

X-tremophiles

Protista

Eukaryote

Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts

Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp

Fungi

Eukaryote

Cell walls of chitin

Most multicellular; some unicellular

Heterotroph

Mushrooms, yeasts

Plantae

Eukaryote

Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts

Multicellular

Autotroph

Mosses, ferns, flowering plants

Animalia

Eukaryote

No cell walls or chloroplasts

Multicellular

Heterotroph

Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals

Eukarya

Classification of Living Things

Section 18-3

Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains

Go to Section: Protist web site

Section 18-3

Concept Map

are characterized by

such as

and differing which place them in

which coincides withwhich coincides with

which place them in which is subdivided into

Living Things

Kingdom Eubacteria

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Eukaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells

Important characteristics

Cell wall structures

Domain Eukarya

Domain Bacteria

Domain Archaea

Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Animalia

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Biosphere

Ecosystem

Community

Population

The part of Earththat contains allecosystems

Community and its nonliving surroundings

Populations thatlive together in a defined area

Group of organisms of onetype that live in the same area

Biosphere

Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air

Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass

Bison herd

Section 1-3

Levels of Organization

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Organism

Groups ofCells

Cells

Molecules

Individual livingthing

Tissues, organs,and organ systems

Smallest functionalunit of life

Groups of atoms;smallest unit of most chemicalcompounds

Bison

Nervous tissue Nervous systemBrain

Nerve cell

Water DNA

Section 1-3

Levels of Organization continued

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Biotic Factors

ECOSYSTEM

Abiotic Factors

Section 4-2

Abiotic and Biotic Factors

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