the social-ecological system of sharks and rays …srs-indonesia.org/uploads/publikasi/keynote/luky...

Luky Adrianto, PhDFisheries Social-Ecological System Lab

Department of Aquatic Resources Management

Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

The Social-Ecological System of

Sharks and Rays Fisheries

2nd Indonesia Sharks and Rays Fisheries Symposium

Jakarta, March 29, 2018

The Outline

1. The Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance

2. Sustainability of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – Social Ecological System

(SES) Approach

3. Sharks and Rays Fisheries – SES Mapping of Ocean Wealth

4. Policy Actions

The Social-Ecological System Approach

ecological system

socio-economics

system

• Stock

• Flow

• Control

• Attributes

• Stock

• Flow

• Control

• AttributesInteractions

• Flow

• Control

• Attributes

Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance

Brautigam, et.al (2015)

Meat and fins

Mobuild gill plates

Liver oil

Driving Factors for Human Utilization


Export Value IDR 1.4 Trillion (2017)

Country Market – China (IDR 626 billion)

Country Market - Thailand (IDR 356 billion)

Indonesia – At A Glance

bbc.com (20 March 2018)

http://fishsite.com ( 20 March 2018)


Shark (USD/kg) – March 2018

http://fishsite.com/

Shark Volume – March 2018




Raw Shark (USD/kg) – March 2018




Raw Shark Volume – March 2018




Rays (USD/kg) – March 2018




Rays Volume – March 2018





All of Indonesia territories are the priorities

Responsible Trade




Saving Species




Responsible Consumption


Filho (2017)

The Economics of Sharks – Meats and Fins


Acuity Mag (2016), Elperin (2011), Cisneros, et.al (2013)

The Economics of Sharks – Tourism



Traditional knowledge of Sharks Finning - Bajo

Stacey, 2007


Shark Finning in Indonesia

Rays Fisheries in Indonesia


Sharks and Rays Fisheries – Sustainability Challenges

Cultural values

Exploitation values

time

Monetary

Unit

Biodiversity

Ecosystem

Species

Human Welfare

1

2

3

4

5

6

Link 1-6 : benefits for human from

ecosystem supporting

functions

Link 1-4-5 : benefits of biodiversity

for human in the context

of habitat protection and

conservation

Link 2-5 : benefits of biodiversity

in the context as input for

ecosystem goods and

services

Link 3 : benefits of diversity in terms

of bio-ethics framework of

thinking

Algorithm of ValuationVan den Berg (2010)

Sharks and Rays Fisheries – SES Mapping

Coastal

and

Marine

Social-

Ecological

System

Sharks and

Rays

Fisheries

Structure

Functions

Dynamics

Sharks and Rays

Value

Mapping

Sustainability Policy FeedbackEnvironmental

and resources

Management

and Policy

Social-Ecological

System Approach

Sharks and Rays Fisheries – SES Mapping

Sharks and Rays Fisheries – Mapping of Ocean Wealth

MOW PES

Fisheries

Tourism

Setting the PES

Quantifying value of the PES

Mapping of the PES

Marine Tourism Planning

Marine Spatial

Planning

VMs

PES, Pelagic Ecosystem Services

MOW, Mapping of Ocean Wealth

VMs, Valuation Mappings

Marine Biodiversity – Sharks and

Rays

Mapping of Ocean Wealth – Manta Rays

NBmb = TBmb - TCmb

Net Benefits of MBTotal Benefit of MB Total Cost of MB

NB

TB

TC

time

Monetary

value

GMES Value – Net Benefit of Marine Biodiversity

Y = X- Z

Total cost for

maintaining MB/MES

Net Efficient

Total Cost of MB/MES

Cost Gaps

GMES Value – Cost of Maintaining Biodiversity

National

Target

Total Bluefin (IDR) Component (IDR) Budget (Rp) Gap (IDR)

Direct Cost Indirect cost

TN 6 327.546.047.000 69.398.275.000 258.147.772.000. 223.363.377.000 104.182.670.000.

TN 10 596.828.231.667 436.938.133.667 159.890.098.000 102.840.930.000 493.987.301.667

TN 11 3.513.286.837.195 2.245.636.678.696 1.267.650.158.500 417.239.326.000 3.096.047.511.195

TN 12 304.328.511.111 173.768.391.111 130.560.120.000 9.495.280.000 294.833.231.111

TN 14 1.100.019.411.407 - - 298.426.881.000 801.592.530.407

TN 15 135.666.847.323.327 81.498.648.643.996 54.168.198.679.331 339.905.260.000 135.326.942.063.327

Total 140,117,585,307,707

Adrianto, et.al (2017) Rp 140 Trillion (7.7% of National Budget)

GMES Value – Cost of Maintaining Biodiversity

Ecosystem Based Management

Integrative and system approach

Maintain the healthy, productive and resilient ecosystem

Maintain and restore the connectivity between ecological system and social system

Incorporate ecological, economic and social values

Participatory approach

Adaptive to uncertainty

Policy Actions

Fisheries

ManagementSustainable

Fisheries

Coastal

and Marine

Ecosystem

Sector A

Sector B

Sector C

Sector D

Inte

gra

ted

Coasta

l

Managem

ent Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management

System Integration

Functional Integration

Coastal and Ocean States

ICM = integrated coastal management;

Pengelolaan pesisir terpadu

Po

licy I

nte

gra

tio

n

Policy Actions

Thank You

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