the social impact of industrialization. manchester: one of the first industrialized cities...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Social Impact of Industrialization
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Manchester: One of the First Industrialized Cities
Population1750: 18,0001850: 300,000
Life Span, 1843Laborer: 17 (38)Trader: 20 (41)Gentry: 38 (52)
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New Classes EmergeThe Industrial Middle
ClassEntrepreneursFactory owners Innovators/inventors“Rags to riches”Laissez-faire
The Industrial Working Class
Urban poorUnskilled, uneducatedLived in cramped,
crowded tenments
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The Luddites (early 19th century)
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New Ways of Thinking
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Back to Adam Smith…Laissez-faire capitalismCompetitionSelf-interestPrivate
OwnershipDivision of Labor
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Supply and Demand:The “Free Market”
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Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)An Essay on the
Principle of Population (1798)
laissez-faire
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David Ricardo (1772-1823)The “Iron Law of Wages”
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The “Dismal Science”
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The UtilitariansJeremy Bentham“The Greatest Good
for the Greatest Number”
John Stuart MillGovernment
SHOULD be involvedAdvocated giving
the vote to women and workers
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What is socialism?Capitalism
Self-InterestLaissez-FairePrivate
OwnershipCompetition
SocialismCollective
interestGovernment
involvementPublic ownershipCooperation
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Robert Owen (1771-1858) and “Utopian Socialism”
New Harmony, Indiana
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Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1893) and “Scientific Socialism”
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The Condition of the Working Class in England (Engels, 1844)
“I charge the English middle class with mass murder, wholesale robbery, and all the other crimes in the calendar.”
Engels, 1844
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The Communist Manifesto (1848)Das Kapital (1867)
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Main IdeasClass conflict Impact of Industrialization
Alienation - his analysis of how people are bound to become estranged from themselves and each other under the conditions of capitalist industrial production
Labor Theory of Value – Time = ValueDialectical Materialism
Hegel’s dialectic “turned on its head” "Hegel's dialectic often appears broken up for convenience into
three moments called "thesis" (in the French historical example, the revolution), "antithesis" (the terror which followed), and "synthesis" (the constitutional state of free citizens)
An inevitable historical process (hence “scientific socialism”) The conflict is believed to be caused by material needs.
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“Dialectical Materialism” Marx framed this in economics CLASS CONFLICT Stages of history (these are scientific)
1. Primitive communism2. Slavery3. Feudalism4. Capitalism5. Communism
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