the spread of islam
DESCRIPTION
The Spread of Islam. Origins of Islam. Why was the Arabian Peninsula both a likely and unlikely place to start a religion???. Likely. Unlikely. Strategic location. Geography – desert People – Bedouins Tribal No unity. Located bwn 3 continents & major waterways. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Spread of Islam
Origins of Islam
• Why was the Arabian Peninsula both a likely and unlikely place to start a religion???
•Geography – desert
•People – –Bedouins–Tribal–No unity
•Strategic location
Unlikely
Likely
Located bwn 3 continents & major waterways
Changes during Late Classical Period
• Towns and Cities emerge in Arabia
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*
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•Role of Arab Merchants
•Growth of Arabic language
•Materialistic culture emerges
Literacy and Education increases
•Fall of Rome
Islam as a “Unifier”
• Distinctly Arabic• Ended feuding tribes• Source of Authority• Equality and a moral code• Trade and profit making
Islamic ExpansionWhy conquest? *Unity gave confidence*Chance for valuable lands/trade
First Commanded by MuhammadFollowed by the first Caliphs
*Drought in Arabia*Seek Converts
Why was it successful?• Quick, Agile Army• Weak Surrounding Empires• Taxing policies insured loyalty and
revenue• 2 Organized Arab Dynasties:
Umayyad and Abbasid
Islam
Arab
Succession Issues
Corruption
Goals
Toleration Record
Expansion and Conquest, reap rewards
Expand trade, solidify Muslim faith
Favoritism toward Arabs leads to resentment/revolts
Friendly toward Non-Arabs, Intermarriage encouraged ,Recruited in Army
CapitalPolitical center was Damascus-central location
Political center was Baghdad-located along key trade/water routes
Political StructureCaliph was a religious leader. Family as advisors
Caliph as absolute ruler. Complex bureaucracy led by Vizier
Using Islam as a unifier and a military to expand, the Arabs built a strong empire where trade and a general toleration was valued
Global Network of TradeFacilitated by:
Impact:
Bills of Exchange
Credit/Checks
Minting coins
New foods (bananas and citrus) and agricultural techniques (irrigation)
Crops transplanted (i.e. sugar from SE Asia)
Problems within the Empire
1. Issues of Succession*After the death of Muhammad*Rightful heir?
*Arab v. Non-Arab?
Division EmergesSunnisForwardMajorityAnyone can
assume role of caliph
Shi’a (Shiite)FundamentalistsMinorityClaim to be direct
descendants to Muhammad-Only they can be caliph
2. Empire grew too big
•Rebellious governors
•Ruling a diverse people
RESULTS: • By 1000 Abbasids were crumbling• Other cultural influences takeover
ArabsPersians, Turks, Mongols
Islamic Cultural Dynamism
End of Arab Dominance
Pick 2 achievements of the Muslim World and connect them to a theme:
-Development of Social Systems
-Creation and Expansion of 1.
Economic Systems
-State Building, Expansion and
Conflict 2.
-Human-Environment Interaction
-Cultural Interaction
Complete the following Analogy
What the birth and growth of Islam (Idea) did for the Arabs (people)…
_____________________ (Idea) did for the__________________(people) because they both
____________________________________
____________________________________