the study of skin this presentation was adapted to outline chapter 15 of pivot point cosmetology...
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THE STUDY OF SKIN
This presentation was adapted to outline Chapter 15 of Pivot Point Cosmetology Fundamentals
Textbook
Healthy, glowing, attractive skin
can be achieved through
professional skin care, hair
removal and makeup application
Central Message
Following this lesson on The Study of Skin, you will be able to:
• Define the function, composition and types of skin
• Identify disorders and diseases of the skin
• Explain and demonstrate the steps and massage techniques used during a basic facial
The Study of Skin
Learning Goals
Skin is the largest organ of the body; it makes up approximately 7% of your body weight!
The Study of Skin
Advance Organizer
•Functions of the Skin
•Composition of the Skin
•Types of Skin
SKIN THEORY
SKIN THEORYKey Terms
Dermatology
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous
Melanin
The Skin…
SKIN THEORY
Dermatology: the study of skin, its structure, functions, diseases and treatment
• Largest organ of the body
• Covers the entire body
• Protects from invasion of outside particles
Sensation: Senses of heat, cold, pain and pressure
Secretion: Secretes sebum that keeps skin soft, supple and pliable; prevents bacteria from invading the skin
Absorption: Permits water and oxygen to pass through tissues
Regulation: Helps maintain the body’s temperature
Protection: Shields the body from impact of heat, cold, bacteria, and other environmental aspects
Excretion: Eliminates sweat, salt and wastes from the body
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
Six Basic Functions
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
3 Main Layers
1. Epidermis: outermost layer of the skin
2. Dermis: underlying, or inner, layer of the skin
3. Subcutaneous: located below the dermis layer and is composed primarily of fatty tissue
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YouTube Video Link: How the Body Works - Skin
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Epidermis: outermost layer of the skin; composed of 5 layers of cells with differing characteristics and no blood vessels
Stratum Corneum
StratumGranulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Germinativum
Epidermis
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
• Skin cell growth occurs through mitosis or cell division
• Keratinization of cells begins
• Contains melanocytes
Stratum Germinativum
Keratinization: chemical conversion of living cells into dead protein cells
Melanocytes: produce melanosomes containing melanin, which gives skin its color
Epidermis
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Stratum Spinosum
• Includes cells that have absorbed melanin to distribute pigmentation to other cells
• Become irregularly shaped and appear as spines between the cells
Epidermis
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Stratum Granulosum
Contains cells that look like many tiny granules on their way to the surface to replace cells that are shed
Epidermis
• Found only on the palms of hands and soles of feet, where there are no hair follicles
• Contains cells that are more flattened and transparent
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Stratum Lucidum
The cells of this layer are called squamous cells due to their flat, scale-like appearance, thus making the skin thickest on the palms of the
hands and soles of feet
Epidermis
• Toughest layer of the epidermis
• Composed of keratin proteins that shed continually and are replaced with new cells
• Protects all lower layers of the skin
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Stratum CorneumEpidermis
Dermis: (“True Skin” or Corium) underlying, or inner, layer of the skin; made up of connective tissues
• Sudoriferous glands
• Sebaceous glands
• Sensory nerve endings and receptors
• Blood vessels
• Arrector pili muscles
• Major portions of hair follicles
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
The dermis contains...
Dermis
3 Major Functions
Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands: consist of a coiled base and tube-like duct opening on the surface of the skin to form a sweat pore
• Control and regulate body temperature
• Excrete waste products
• Help maintain acidic pH factor of skin
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Dermis
Sudoriferous Gland
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Sebaceous (Oil) Glands: sac-like glands attached to hair follicles that produce sebum
• 2 to 3 times larger around facial hair follicles than around scalp follicles
• Cause “oily skin” when an over-abundance of sebum is produced
• Not found on the palms of hands or soles of feet
Dermis
Sebaceous Gland
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Sebum: complex secretion containing a high percentage of fatty, oily substances
Acid mantle: layer of oil and moisture on the surface of the skin
• Keeps skin smooth
• Prevents dirt and grime from entering the outer layer of the epidermis
• Prevents skin from drying or chapping
Dermis
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Subcutaneous: fatty layer below the dermis that is a protective cushion for the skin
• Acts as a shock absorber for bones
• Supports delicate structures such as blood vessels and nerve endings
• Gives contour and shape to body
• Provides an emergency reservoir of food and water
Subcutaneous
Subcutaneous Tissue
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Subcutaneous
Subcutaneous Layer Contains...
Blood vessels that transport nourishment to skin and nerves
Sense organs for touch, pressure and temperature
Nerves that respond to pain
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Melanin is distributed throughout all epidermal cells and forms an effective barrier from the penetration of ultraviolet rays to deeper layers of the skin
Melanin is distributed throughout all epidermal cells and forms an effective barrier from the penetration of ultraviolet rays to deeper layers of the skin
Melanin tans the skin to protect it from the burning rays of the sunMelanin tans the skin to protect it from the burning rays of the sun
Dark skin contains more melanin while light skin contains less melanin
Skin Pigmentation
COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN
Chapter 15 The Study of Skin Skin Theory
SPF 15 indicates you can be out
than you could without any protection at all
in the sun 15 times longer
Sunscreen: product developed to help the skin from absorbing ultraviolet rays
Skin Pigmentation
Rating system that allows you to determine how long you can stay out in the sun without burning
SPF (Sun Protection Factor)
TYPES OF SKIN
Four Basic Skin Types
1. Dry
2. Oily
3. Normal
4. Combination
• Signs such as peeling and flaking
• Chaps easily
• Fewer blemishes and not prone to acne
• Treatment program is essential to supply moisture
TYPES OF SKIN
1. Dry
lacks sebaceous activityOil Dry Skin
lacks waterMoisture Dry Skin
• All-over shiny look and/or rough texture with blackheads and enlarged pores
• Oil appears in “T” zone, or the chin, nose, nasal-labial groove and forehead
• Treatment program is important to keep oily skin in an “acid-balanced” condition
TYPES OF SKIN
2. Oily
• Very rare and quite beautiful
• Fresh and healthy color, a firm, moist, and smooth texture, freedom from blackheads and blemishes, and does not appear oily
• Simple but consistent skin care routine is required
• Recognized by the shiny “T” zone and dryness in cheek, jaw line and hairline areas
• Most specialized skin regimen is required
TYPES OF SKIN
3. Normal
4. Combination
Skin Theory
of skin cancer cases are caused by excessive exposure to the sun
85%
Beyond the Book
SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS
Be familiar with
so you can recognize any problems that would
a skin care service
skin disorders and diseases
prevent you from performing
Next Lesson…
1. The study of the skin’s structure, functions, diseases and treatments is called __________.
2. The three main layers of the skin are the __________ , the __________ and the __________.
3. T or F Sebum tans skin to protect it fromthe burning rays
of the sun.
4. What are the four types of skin?
SKIN THEORY
Self-Check - On a sheet of paper numbered 1-4, answer the following questions.
As you correct your answers, evaluate your progress. Create a Know Chart with 2 columns. Place correct answers from the Self-Check under the “I Know” column. Then place incorrect
answers under the “I Need to Study” column.
1.
2.
3.
4.
I Know: I Need to Study:1.
2.
3.
4.
KNOW CHART
1. The study of the skin’s structure, functions, diseases and treatments is called __________.
2. The three main layers of the skin are the __________ , the __________ and the _____________.
3. T or F Sebum tans skin to protect it from the burning rays of the sun.
4. What are the four types of skin?
Dry Skin, Oily Skin, Normal Skin, Combination Skin
dermatology epidermis
subcutaneousdermis
SKIN THEORY
Self-Check - Now it is time to check your answers.
SKIN THEORYFace the Facts
________________________
Functions of the Skin Dermatology is the study of the skin, its structure,
function, diseases and treatment
The skin is the largest organ of the body
The six basic functions of the skin are sensation, secretion, absorption, regulation, protection and excretion
SKIN THEORYFace the Facts
________________________
Composition of the Skin
The skin has three main layers: epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous
The epidermis is composed of five layers of cells
The dermis includes the sudoriferous and sebaceous glands
The subcutaneous tissue is a protective layer
Melanin tans the skin to protect it from the burning rays of the sun
Types of Skin
The surface of the skin falls into four basic types: dry, oily, normal and combination
SKIN THEORY
Group Assignment:With the assorted materials given to each assigned group, you will create a 3-D model or poster of the following terms:
Group 1: Functions of the skin
Group 2: Composition of the skin - epidermis
Group 3: Composition of the skin - dermis
Group 4: Composition of the skin - subcutaneous
Group 5: Composition of the skin - skin pigmentation
Group 6: Types of skin