THE SURVEY OF INCOME AND PROGRAM PARTICIPATION

Households and Income Sources: Monthly Averages for 1984

No. 36

Jeanne E. Moorman

U.S. Census Bureau

August 1987

U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Survey of Income and Program Partmipation

HOUSEHOLDS AND DKDNE SO-S: Mnthly Averages for 1984

Jeanne E. b b o m Population Division

August 1987

SIPP Working Paper #36

mn Hemmkz, arlief of the Marriage ard Family Statistics Branch, w a s responsible for the initial table preparation. Diane Alexarder was respmsible for pmgambq ard Mary Hawkins was -risible for the final table preparation.

Inmaion...... .......................................... 1 Households by .............................................. 3 IncalE saurces.............................................. 4 Age of Hauseholder.......... ................................ 7 F-ly incane and benefits by presence of depedents ........ 8

F i g m ? 1. Households by TLpe for Selected Benefit Programs......... 14

A. Numkr of Households with Incane f m S e l u Souroes by Type of Household and Age of Hauseholder: Monthly Average, 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5

B. Number of Family Hauseholds with Depen3mts and Incame f m Select& Sources by !&pe of Family and Number of ...................... Dependents : Monthly Average, 1984. .16

1. Nwrber of Households by type of Household and Sarce of Incare: Monthly Average, 1984 .................. 17

2. M.mkr of Family Households by TLpe of Family, - of Depxhlts and Source of Incare: Monthly Average, 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 9

A. I n a m sources included in mnthly cash imxxne.. ........ .A-1

-Ftep- zero or rauds to zero. X Nut Applicable B Base less than 200,000

R x E E m I D A N D ~ ~ :

Wnthly Averages for 1984

?his brief report is the first to use data f m the Survey

of Im=apne and m-ogram Participation (SIPP) to pmide a uniquely

detailed description of American families, both in t;errrrs of the

inccPne that they receive from variaus private ard public sources,

ard in term of the& participation in numemus public prograrrrs.

Subsquat reports based on SIPP data will present informtion

about families distinguished -tally in of family

structure, family life course stalxs, an3 the presence of

children and the elderly, as well as infornation on the e w d c

ciramrstances of inlividuals according to their educational

attairmrent. lkta for these demograPlicdlly defined families an2

family mmbers will pertain to anamts 0; incane received and

lwels of participation in plblic programs. Pdditional data will

provide national estimates of the total aggregate value of inccHne

pmided by variaus private and pblic smmes to American

families as a whole and to American families distinguished by

their &mgmphic situation. 'Ibis initial report presents a

brief werview of major saun=es of incune an3 of plblic program

participation for households by type, by age of householder,

by nuuber of &pen3mt children in the hxlsehold. The results in

this report are estimates of mnthly averages for calendar year

1

1984 derived fran waves two thrcugh five of the 1984 panel of the

Survey of Inaxe an3 Program Participation (SIPP) . Fppenlix A of the quarterly report series1 contains a detailed description of

the SIPP.

'Ihe population mered inclu3es the civilian

noninstitutionalized population residing in ha~&~lds (persons

in grarp quarters are excluded). Farm hcruseholds are included in

the figures given in this report. -y, ccunts may

differ fran those found in the prwiausly pblished SIPP

guarterly reports for the same time period. In the fourth

quarter of 1984, for ewmple, there was an average of 1.9 million

fam huxseholds each mmth. A carparison of farm an3 nonfam

hcxlseholds for that time period can be found in aFpendix B of the

quarterly report series. Definitions of haxseholds and family

types, aswellasothertemsusedinthisreport , canalsobe

found in that al=pendix.

T h i s report focuses on imxme and benefit sxme for

ha=d-mlds, with an enphasis on the differenoes in scurces of

inccme or benefits by W l d type. Money incane sources are

divided into two main categories-private a d pblic. mivate

sources incllde earnirrgs fran arplayment (including emplayment in

goveznment), income frun assets, ccrrpany or union pensions, money

payments fran individuals or charities and several other sources

(see f i w A for the detailed smmes of incane used in

the -wries in the tables in this report). Money from public - incl* all gwenmrentdl paymmb (federal, state and

local) for pensions, unemplayment ccmpensation, and several types

of plblic assistance. Benefit sources prwide in kin3 (noncash)

transfers, usually, txrt not always, as a part of a means-tested

p ~ . Noncash benefit programs have been divided into two

types-thcse with and those withcut cash value-for presentation

pxpces only. No atten@ has been IMde in this report to assign

a specific cash value for these benefits.

Table 1 shckls households by type and irx#ne -. Hauseholds are of two miin types-family and mnfamily. In

family hcuseholds at least one relative of the household="

resides in the household. No relatives of tb phmseholder are

present in mnfamily households. In 1984 there was an average of

86.2 million hauseholds each mnth, of w h i c h 62.6 million, or 73

percent, were family hcxlseholds. The remaining 23.6 million

h=xlseholds were nonfamily households.

?here a . three catqories of family hcmsdmlds: married-

oarple families, families with a male householder (no wife

present) ard families with a female h3useholder (no husband

p-). Of the 62.6 million family households, 50.5 ~llion,

or 81 percent, were marrieduxple families, 2.2 million, or 3.5

percent, were family -1ds with a male hawholder, and 9.9

million, or 16 percent, were family households w i t h a female

hmseholder.

Abart 10 million, o r 42 percent, of the 23.6 nonfamily

hauseholds had a mle householder and 13.7 million, or 58

percent, had a femle hawholder. ?he hous&older lived alone

in 82 percent of the male-householder ard 92 percent of the

female-hawholder nonfamily households.

average 79.1 million hrruseholds, or 92 peroent of all

households had mney incxane f m private smrces each mnth

during 1984-primarily f m or pmperty b3 (table

1) . While nearly 40 percent of all -1ds (34.1 million)

m i v e d m y i n a m frun public smrces (primarily frun Social

Security and railroad retirement) relatively few received money

frun --test& progranrs; 4.3 percent from Aid t o Families with

m t Children (AFDC) or other public assistance, 3.5 percent

from Sqq~lerrrerrtal Searrity Inxrne (SSI) , and 1.1 percent f m

V e t e r a n s pensions. A ma jority of the -1ds receiving money

in=ant frun the =-tested A m and other welfare program were

family households with female hrruseholders (62 peroent-see figure

1). Most of the remaining h a ~ & ~ l d s reoeivhq inoome frnn these

salnes w e r e m a n i e d ~ l e families (25 percent) . Of the 34.1

millian households mceivhq money i n a m e f m pblic scu7xsI

recipients of Social Security or railroad retiremerrt made up the

majority of households (71 penxnt).

The six -,-tested program f m plblic sources that

provide 110- benefits include focd stamps, energy assistance,

the Special Supplemental Fmd Progam for Wanen, Infants ard

Children (WIC), free or rduced-price school medls, public or

subsidized housing, and Medicaid. An average of 7.3 percent of

households received focd stamps, 1.5 percent WIC payments, and

3.0 percent received energy assistanoe. Figure 1 i l lus t ra tes the

distribution of F a d Stamp, WIC arrd Ehergy Assistance programs by

type of recipient household. Ccmpared t o all hauseholds, i d l y

households with female householders are wer'repmw in each

of these three means-tested nomash benefit programs. F d l y

W o l d s w i t h f e e hcuseholders, which make up 11 percent of

all hmseholds, -rise 46 percent of a l l food stamp hauseholdst

4 1 percent of WIC hauseholds and 34 percent of energy assistance

-0lds4.

me three other --tested prograrrs with n o d &fits

include free or reduced-price &col a s ; m i v e d by 5 mt

of hcuseholds; plblic or subidized housing, 4.2 percent of

households; arrd w c a i d 5 , 8.7 percent of a l l hmseholds. Again,

family hauseholds with f d e hauseholdexs are wemepresented

hauseholds m i v i n g benefits frun these three prograrrs (46

peroent of -1 real harseholds, 36 percent of subsidized

housing hauseholds arkl 40 percent of Medicaid hauseholds) . The f inal program which provides noDlcash benefits is

Mdicare, which is not a means-tested program. An average of 25

percent of households each month in 1984 had a t least one nember

enrolled in, but not neoessarily receiving benefits f m ,

Medicare.

FYqmrtionately fewer f ema le -hdo lde r families had incane

fran earnings (68 percent), property (45 percent), military

pensions (0.3 percent) , or private pensions (4 percent) than

either married-couple families or male-hcxlseholder families. On

the other h a d , proportionately more fde-hcruseholder families

had im=ane or benefits fran the means-tested benefit programs

with the exception of the --tested m i o n prograrrrs

(Supplemental Secxrity Incane ard VA pensions).

P ropor t io~ te ly wre nonfamily hxlseholds with a male

hcxlseholder had m y h a m e from earnings (70 percent) than did

nonfamily households with a female householder (43 percent),

while pmportionately mre femal-lder rmiamily

hwseholds received property incane (69 percent) than did male-

householder nonfamily ~ o l d s (63 percent). A higher percent

of fenale-hmseholder nonfamily households received incane fmm

both private and p b l i c pensions (except military and VA

pensions) as w e l l as fmn most means-tested benefit prograrrrs

(SSI, food staxps, energy assistan=e, public hrrusing ard

Medicaid) ard had a Medicare enrolled w, than did nonfamily

-1ds with a mdle haxseholder.

SoPrre of the differences in income by type of family

or hcrusehold discussed above m y be relatd to differences in the

age of the householder. Although sample size constraints do not

allaw for examination of detailed incane saurces by detailed age

of householder within type of household or family, scm incaaTle

sources are m n enough to all- for a cursory exanhation of

this relationship. ~mever, one rmst remmber that the data show

the number of hawholds with one or mre mnbers who received

inam from the stated source. cmsquently, characteristics of

the hauseholder do not necessarily reflect characte.ristics of the

actual nxipient of the incane frcm that source.

Table A shcxJs W o l d s and families by type and age of the

hauseholder for a limited n u m k r of incane and benefit sources.

In 1984, family hauseholds were less likely to have elderly

hauseholders (age 65 or older) than were rrmfamily households (15

percent an3 36 percent, respectivelfl). Hcxlseholds with elderly

hcxlseholders were less likely to have eamhqs (21 pen=ent) and

mre likely to have praperty incane (78 percent) than were

hcuseblds with yamger hcxlseholders. This was also the case for

married-cazple families and femalehxseholder families.

Mower, family households with f d e -1- age 45 to 64

wem mre likely to have earnings irrXme (80 percerrt) than family

-1ds with younger female ha~~&~lders (66 percent).

Families with male h-olders urder age 45 w e r e mre likely to

have eamhgs haxw (91 percent) than those with harseholders

age 45 t o 64 ard 65 or older(82 pen=ent and 47 percent).

As might be expect&, hnxlseholds and families with

hrxlseholders age 65 ard older WE more l ikely to have Social

Security or railroad retiresnent i n m ~ ~ (95 percent) than - households with yamger householders. Hmseblds with youmj

h a ~ & ~ l d e r s (under age 45) were mre l ikely to receive hcane or

benefik from AFDC (6 percent) and the Food Stanp program (8

percent) than -1ds with older hcxdmlders. On the other

hand, hauseholds with elderly ha~~&~lders are mre l ikely to

have nren$ers enrolled in the M e d i m (98 pen=ent) and Msdicaid

(11 pement) prograns. Within family types the only exception to

the last generalization is family -1ds with f d e

hcluseholders wder age 45 which more frequently have a mber *o

is Medicaid enrolled (35 percent) than fmnale-houdmlder family

households with older householders.

Deperdents are defined as persap.ls urrder age 18 in the

household with the exception of the ha1~&01der or spause of the

householder. therefore, wuld incluie own dl-,

e d r e n , nieces and nephews, f e U d r e n and other

relatives ard mmelatives of the -1der hho are urxler age

18. = o f thesepersonswmldbeamsidered-, to-

extent, on the resaurces available to the hausehold's primary

family . Families, categorized by whether -ts are present, are

s h m in table 2. Fifty-three peroent of families include

depenknts. A mch greater praportian of families with a female

householder include depn3ents (69 -t), than married-le

families (51 percent) or families with a male haxsd~older (44

wt). Saun=es of im=cme or benefits vary considerably by the

presence or absence of depwdents. Eighty-nine percent of

families with - had incxane in 1984, ccnpared to

71 percent of families with no -. A greater proportion

of families with m t s had incane fran alimony or child-

w r t paymnts. Proportionately more families with&

depxknts received incane f m pmprty (80 peroent) and private

pensions (16 percent) than families with deprdents. The same

pat ten^ of mney frun private saurces btween families with and

without &perdents held for the three family types. The only

notable differem=e indicates that more femlehouseholder

families withcut &perdents (74 percent) than with m t s (65

p m t ) had incum? fran eambgs.

While the patkm of inxme scmms between families with

a d withaxt &gm&nts a~pears to be similar regardless of family

type, the m t W e of the praportiarrs vary amsiderably.

Married-carple families with are the met likely to

have earnincJs (95 penmt) follawed by male-hcxlseholder families

w i t h -ts (87 mt). BW only 65 percent of f d e -

hrxlseholder families with d-ents had eamhgs in 1984.

Married-couple families with no -ts are the mcst

l ikely of the family grarps to have property inam (82 percent) ;

family households with either male or fenralehaseholders with no

deprdents, and married-carple hcus&mlds with depmdmIts a l l

reported recipiency of property b in 69 mt of

huuseholds. Both malehouseholder families with depen&ats and

f-e-householder families with dependents had a considexably

snaller proportion w i t h p w b (51 percent and 34

percent, m i v e l y )

It is possible that families w i t h m t are also

more likely to have older w o r re- haseholders, which may

explain the 1- proportion w i t h earnings and the higher

proportion with property incame. Male, and especially f d e ,

hrxlseholder families with also reported lower

prqrortions with either earnings or p m b relative to

married-carple families w i t h dependents, which m y be a

corrsequen=e of their having fewer adults prwidirrg support for

the household.

Public saur=es of m y b incl* gcnr-t pensions,

unenployment carpensation, welfare p-, and several other

&ler govenmmbl progranr;, such as thcee for foster care,

black lurq disease and veteran's e3watim benefits, which are

gmuped in the "other plblic sourceds category. A ~reater

pmpr t ion of families with no d- than families w i t h

merits received incoane f m most of these pblic saurces.

Only for the categories of memplayment canpensation, A m and

other welfare, ard the miscellaneous Ivothe9I category did

families with depemknts have larqer recipiency pmportions than

the families with no mats. 'Ibis pattern is consistent for

each of the three types of families for mst of the incane

sarces. ?he m e d pattern can prabably be attrilxlted to the

differences in age beheen the hauseholders with &perdents and

those w i t h no -ts.

Hauseholds can receive norash benefits fmm a number of

means-tested supprt progranrs. A greater pmportion of family

haseholds with depn3ents received benefits from each x e m -

tested benefit program than did families with no &perdents.

Only for MEdicare, which is not a means-tested program, did

families with no deper&nts have a greater pmportion enrolled

for benefits than did families w i t h dependents. T h i s is

understardable sinoe -care is a program for the elderly ard

hrxlseholds with elderly mmbers are less likely to have

urrder the age of 18 in the -1d.

Table B shms selectd incune sarroes for family hcuseholds

w i t h &pmiaks by the n u n b r of deperrdents. F d l i e s w i t h three

or mre deperrSents were less likely to have prapertY incane (51

percent) than families w i t h fewer -. Ihe same w a s true

for both married-<xluple families and families w i t h a f&e

hcxlseholder. Families with three or mre Qpendents were also

less likely to have incame fran earnings than were families with

fewer tmepenzerrts.

?he number of depemknts in families made no difference in

the p w r t i o n s r e c e i v w b fran alhmny/child support

payments for a l l families in general. Hcwever, for nrarried-

ccruple families, those w i t h 2 o r 3 or more dependents were more

likely to receive such payments (4.4 percat and 5.5 percent,

respectively) than were nrarried-carple families with only one

dqerdent (3.1 percent) . Family hcruseholds w i t h female

householders were narch mre likely to report mceiving these

payments, regardless of the mmber of dependents, than were

married-le haxeblds .

Families with three or mre &pdents were mre likely to

receive b or benefits fmn AFDC and other welfare progranrs,

food stamps, WIC, energy assistance, -1 meals and to have

Medicaid enrolled nren33ers than families with fewer depen%nts.

?his pattern remained m i s t e n t for both mied-carp le families

ard families w i t h a female hcus&older.

U. S. Wrreau of the f ens us, ~urrent Ftplation Reports, Series P-70, Nos. 3 , 4 , 5, ard 6.

Means-tested programs which provide money incarre include Aid to Families with kpedent Qlildren (AFDC) and other cash assistance; VA pensions; an5 Supplemntal Security Zncarre (SSI) . Means-tested programs that pruvide benefits other than mney include food stamps; Special Supplemntal Fwd Program for Wanen, Infants, and Children (WIC) ; free or reduced price school reds; Wcaid; pblic or subidized mtal hcusirq; arrd energy ass-.

hoperty incane incl- asset inarae, e.g. interest on savings aa2UJtItS1 stocks, etc. For detailed ca-ries see a- figure A.

The propam participation differences be- ha~seholds receiving WIC and food stamps is nat significant.

At least one hausehold m n h r is enrolled in Wcaid. Enrollxmt does not imply that any e f its were actually* received.

Statistics were derived froon table A and table 1.

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Table 1. N h r of Households by Type of Household and Source o f Incane: Monthly Average, 1984

(Nunbers i n thousands)

Number Tota l . ......................

Source o f Income

MONEY o r CASH VALUE BENEFITS ...................... Tota l

Money Income-Private Sources ...................... To ta l

Tota l

Earnings and Proper ty .... Earnings ............... ............... Proper ty

P r i v a t e Pensions ......... Alimony/Chi l d Support.. .. Other Support Payments ... Other P r i v a t e Sources....

Money I n c m Pub l i c Sources ...................... Tota l

Type o f Household

Soc ia l Secu r i t y and R a i l - road Retirement ......... Federal Pensions ......... Sta te and Local Pensions. U.S. M i l i t a r y Pensions ... V.A. Compensation ........ V.A. Pensions ............ Unemployment Conpensation AFDC and Other Ue l f a re ... SSI ...................... Other Pub l i c Sources.....

Farni l y

I

Male Femele Marr ied Hwse- Hwse-

Tota l Couple ho lder ho lder

Noncash Benef i ts-Cash Value To ta l ......................

Nonfami l y

I

Male Female House- House- ho lder ho lder .

Food Stamps .............. ..................... W I C .

Energy Assistance ........ NONCASH BENEFITS-NO CASH VALUE

.................... Total . .

Free o r Reduced-Price School Meals ...........

Pub l i c o r Subsidized Housing ................

Medicaid ................. Medicare .................

TabLe 1. Nunber o f Households by Type of Household and Swrce o f Income: Monthly Average, 1984 --Continued

Percent Tota l . ......................

Source o f Income

MONEY o r CASH VALUE BENEFITS Tota l ......................

Money Income-Private Sources Tota l ......................

Earnings and Property .... ............... Earnings Property ...............

Pr i va te Pensions ......... Alimony/Child Support .... Other Support Payments ... Other P r i va te Sources. ...

r

Tota l

Money Income Pub l i c Sources Total . ....................

Social Secur i ty and R a i l ......... -road Retirement Federal Pensions ......... State and Local Pensions.

... U.S. M i l i t a r y Pensions ........ V.A. Compensation V.A. Pensions.. .......... Unemployment Compensation AFDC and Other Welfare ... SSI ...................... Other Publ ic Sources.....

Type o f Household

Noncash Benefits-Cash Value Tota l ......................

Fami l y

Male Female Marr ied House- Hwse-

Tota l Couple holder holder

Food Stanps .............. UIC ...................... ........ Energy Assistance

Nonf ami l y

Hale Female House- Hwse- ho lder holder

I

NONCASH BENEFITS-NO CASH VALUE Total...... ................

Free o r Reduced-Price School Meals.......... .

Pub l i c o r Subsidized Housing ................

Hedicaid................. Medicare .................

Note: The rows i n t h i s t a b l e are not mutua l ly exc lus ive cateaories. conseauently rou counts cannot be a r i t h m e t i c a l l y -

combined i n any uay. Colums are exc lus ive and can there fore be combined. Colum percents do not add t o 100 because o f m u l t i p l e income sources.

Table 2 . N m h r of Family Households by Type o f Family. Presence o f Dependents and Source o f Income: Monthly Average. 1984

(Numbers i n thousands)

Family households I

I Uar r i ed I Hale Female A l l households Coupl e Householder Householder

A I

NUMBER Tota l ....................... 62. 619 29. 171 33. 448 24. 874 25. 647 1. 235 951 3. 062 6. 850 8

Source o f Income

MONEY OR CASH/VALUE BENEFITS Tota l ....................... 62. 344 29. 080 33. 264 24. 808 25. 546 1. 227 940 3. 046 6 . 7 7 8 -

Money Income- P r i v a t e Sources ....................... Total 58. 613 27. 769 30. 844 23. 817 24. 937 1. 139 869 2. 813 5. 038

N o U i t h Tota l Depend- Depend-

ents en ts

Earnings and Proper ty ... ................ Earnings Proper ty ...............

P r i v a t e Pensions .......... Al imony/Chi ld Support .... Other Support Payments .... Other P r i v a t e Sources .....

Money Income-Public Sources Tota l .......................

No U i t h Depend- Depend-

en ts ents

Soc ia l Secu r i t y and R a i l - road Retirement .......... Federal Pensions .......... Sta te and Local Pensions .. U.S. M i l i t a r y Pensions .... V.A. C ~ n s a t i o n ......... V.A. Pensions ............. Unemployment Compensation . A F D C and Other Ue l f a re .... SSI ....................... Other Pub l i c Sources ......

Noncash Benef i ts-Cash Value Tota l ..................... 5. 977 1. 139 4. 838 707 1. 864

No U i t h Depend- Pepnd -

ents ents

Food Stamps ............. 4. 814 860 3. 974 509 1. 268 ..................... UIC 1. 256 32 1 . 224 25 69 1 Energy Assistance ....... 1. 713 458 1. 256 290 488

NONCASH BENEFITS-NO CASH VALUE Tota l ..................... 19. 663 11. 609 8. 054 9. 415 3. 926

No Depend- De$$b

ents ents

Free o r Reduced-Price

I

School Meals .......... 4. 258 56 4 . 203 27 2. 091 Pub l i c .o r Subsidized

Housing ............... 2. 079 435 1 644 256 468 Medicaid ................ 5. 566 1. 438 4:128 855 1. 428 Medicare ................ 12. 421 10. 940 1. 480 9. 065 998

Table 2 . N-r of Family Households by Type o f Family. Presence o f Dependents and Source o f Income: Monthly Average. 198.4 ..Continued

Source o f Income

PERCENT Tota l ....................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

MONEY OR CASH/VALUE BENEFITS Tota l ....................... 99.6 99.7 99.4 99.7 99.6 99.4 98.8 99.5 98.9

Money Income- P r i v a t e Sources Tota l ....................... 93.6 95.2 92.2 95.8 97.2 92.2 91.4 91.9 73.5

Earnings and Proper ty ... 92.3 93.8 91 . 0 94.4 96.8 91.3 90.2 90.3 69.2 Earnings ................ 80.3 70.7 88.6 70.0 95.0 76.2 86.9 74.2 64.9 Proper ty ............... 69.8 79.8 61 . 0 81.6 68.8 69.1 51.4 69.4 33.5

P r i v a t e Pensions .......... 8.4 16.4 1 . 4 17.1 1.4 14.7 2.8 11.3 1.3 A l i m n y / C h i l d Support .... 5.0 0.5 9.0 0.1 4.1 0.1 5.6 3.7 27.6 Other Support Payments .... 1 . 0 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.6 2.0 1.1 2.4 2.7 Other P r i v a t e Sources ..... 4.0 4.8 3.2 4.6 3.0 3.5 3.9 7.0 3.8

Money Income-Public Sources Total ....................... 36.7 50.2 24.9 48.6 18.0 55.0 29.8 61.1 50.3

Soc ia l Secu r i t y and R a i l - road Retirement .......... 23.6 41.0 8.4 39.7 6.1 43.9 15.6 50.8 16.3 FederaL Pensions .......... 1.9 3.5 0.4 3.6 0.3 2.0 0.2 3.2 0.8 State and Local Pensions . . 2.9 5.7 0.4 5.8 0.4 4.3 0.8 5.4 0.4 U.S. M i l i t a r y Pensions .... 1 . 8 2.5 1.1 2.8 1.4 1.5 2.1 0.8 0.1 V.A. Compensation ......... 2.9 4.1 1.8 4.1 2.0 5.7 2.1 3.3 1.3 V.A. Pensions ............. 1 . 0 1.5 0.6 1.4 0.6 3.2 0.6 1.8 0.8 Unemployment Conpensation . 3.0 2.6 3.4 2.5 3.5 4.1 3.7 2.9 2.9 AFDC and Other Welfare .... 5.4 0.8 9.3 0.4 3.3 2.8 7.8 3.3 32.2 SSI ....................... 2.7 3.5 2.0 2.5 1.2 0.4 1.8 9.4 4.9 Other Pub l i c Sources ...... 2.5 2.1 2.8 2.0 3.2 1 . 8 1.5 3.4 1.7

Noncash Benef i ts-Cash Value Tota l ....................... 9.5 3.9 14.5 2.8 7.3 6.0 12.2 11.7 41.7

Food Stamps ............... 7.7 2.9 11.9 2.0 4.9 4.8 10.0 8.9 38.1 VIC ....................... 2.0 0.1 3.7 0.1 2.7 0.0 2.1 0.3 7.5 Energy Assistance ......... 2.7 1.6 3.8 1.2 1.9 2.3 3.3 4.6 10.8

NONCASH BENEFITS-NO CASH VALUE Tota l ..................... 31.4 39.8 24.1 37.9 15.3 43.3 27.9 54.2 56.4

Free or Reduced-Price School Heals .......... 6.8 0.2 12.6 0.1 8.2 0.3 14.9 0.8 28.8

Pub l i c .o r Subsidized ............... Housing 3.3 1.5 4.9 1.0 1.8 0.8 2.6 5.5 16.8 ................ Medicaid 8.9 4.9 12.3 3.4 5.6 11 . 0 12.9 14.6 ................ Medicare 19.8 37.5 4.4 36.4 3.9 39.6 8.2 45.3

Note: The rous i n t h i s t a b l e a re not mutua l ly exc lus i ve categor ies. consequently row counts c r m t be a r i t h m e t i c a l l y combined i n

any uey . Colums are exc lus i ve and can the re fo re be combined . C o l m percents do not add t o 100 because o f n u l t i p l e income sources . I

Femily households

Female Householder

No Ui t h Depend- ~epend -

ents ents

Male Householder

No U i t h Depend- Depend-

M t s ents

A l l households

No U i t h Tota l Depend- Depend-

ents ents

Marr ied Couple

No With Depend- Depend-

ents ents

Figure A. Sources Included in Mnthly Cash Inccnne - fran -1aymnt Wages and salary Nonfarm self -eaployment incane Fann self-enplayment i n a m

-fnrm-(Praperty-) Regular/pssbook savings accamts in a bank, savings and loan

or credit union Wney m k e t deposit a a m n t s Certificates of Deposit or other savings cetif icates NOW, Super NCkJ or other interest-earning checking acccunts Money m k e t fur& U.S. Government mities Municipal or corporate bards other interest- assets Stncksornutualfurdshares Rental P w = w mrtsages Royalties Other financial i n v m t s

Private m i a r r s Pensions frun a carpany or union

Alimary/Olild SLppcnt M h n y Wymerrts Child support payntmk

-supparfEB;yments Incane ass- f m a charitable grcup Wney frun relatives or friends

OUrer F'rivate - Other unemplarmerrt -tion (Trade Adjustment

A c t benefits, strike pay, other) P a w fmn a sickness, accident or disability

bsumce policy purhased on yax own Imcare frun paid-up l i f e hmrance policies or annuities Estates and trusts Other p a w for ret-, disability or survivors --payments Imcare from r#mers or boarders Incidental or casual eamhjs Other cash inxme nat inclLded e l m

Social Seaxity and Railraad mi- Social Security U. S . Gov- Railroad Retirement

Eeaeral Federdl Civil Sezvice o r atber Federal civilian

enployee pensions State and Trr;ll mi- State gwemmmt pensions M government pensions

U.S. nilit;uv Rn3ion U.S. Military retirement

V.A. -tian Veterans' ampmsation

V.A. m i a r r ; Veteranst pensions

-1- -w-atia State unenplqment carpensation

A F D C ~ O V l e r W e l f m Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AF'DC, ADC) Genezal Assistance or General Relief M a n , Cuban, o r Refugee Assistance Other Welfare

SSI Federal SuFplemmtal Seaurity I n a m (=I) State Supplemental Security Incame - W l i c Sarroes Supplesrrentdl Unarplayment Benefits Black lung p a w Worker's ocnperrsation State tenprary sic);ness o r M i l i t y benefits Foster child care payments National Guard o r Reseme Forces r e t s Nat iona l Guard o r Reseme pay G . I . Bi l l /VEAP a t i o n benefits