the ukrainian weekly 1989-08

8/9/2019 The Ukrainian Weekly 1989-08

1/16


2/16

N EFACTYJ OL YO\AJR XJNFARQJqjuargjyy niiozgry ol Zmxnagang lncagjnttjnx ag Bgatxotjrxo|ymj gjuytntjx

hq Bx' Bn|ab CnxtfjyR`j lncagj ol >199 iogragzjy ro

j|omj zg`nttq cjcoxajy ag cngq tnxryol Zmxnagj' Ag n xjijgrfq ohrnagjb iotqol Txntox Qzgoyra& r`j Bgatxotjrxo|ymj Ohfnyr Moc yocof gjuytntjx& lxocNzezyr >100& yj|jxnf uxarjxy& agifzbagen tojr ngb n àyroxang& xjinff r`j j|jgryol r`j lncagj& lxoc tjxyognf xjcagayijgijy ngb lxoc yroxajy tnyyjb og bougr`j ejgjxnraogy'

Rày xj|aju ol r`j j|jgry ol r`nrtjxaob uny j|abjgrfq txoctrjb hq r`jtzhfainraog ag r`j Kzgj >0&>100& jbaraogol r`j yncj gjuytntjx ol r`j tojc(@ofob( Lncagj! hq r`j Zmxnagangtojr Ofjmyngbjx [na|qa& uxarrjg ag>1199lncagj' Lo x 8: qjnxy& ar toagrjb ozr& r`jtojc xjcnagjb (ag r j bjym bxnujx&(a'j'& ar uny yzttxjyyjb' Cx' Cqryqmcnmjy xjljxjgij ro or`jx ixjnra|j uoxmynhozr r`j lncagj lxoc r`j yncj tjxaobhq C' Nfjmyjqj|& C' Yrjfcn m`& AYrnbgazm ngb \' Yoyazxn' Ngor`jxioxxjytogbjgr& \' Mqxyngo|& hjeagyuar` n ~zornraog nhozr r`j lncagj lxocn >118>& ngb tnxraizfnxfq nhozr r`j xofj ol Fjgag ngb r`jHofy`j|am Tnxrq ag rxqage ro nffj|anrj r`j`nxbyàt jptjxajgijb ag r`j |affnejy'

Tjx`nty ny n xjyzfr ol r`j yinxiarq olnzr`jgrai niiozgry& Cx' Cqryqm r`jgbjiabjy ro agloxc r`j gjuytntjx%yxjnbjxy nhozr r`j xjioffjiraogy ol àyexngbcor`jx' Cnxaqn B{qzhn& `juxarjy& uny n yactfj tjnyngr lxoc ntoox lncafq uò fa|jb r`xozeòzr `jxfalj y`j uny 99 nr r j racj ol r`j lncagj&ngb bajb ag >102! ag `jx gnra|j |affnej ol[zhnga Tofrn|n Ohfnyr! ngb ary gjae`hoxage lnxcyrjnb& Fzrya' @jx yroxq& nygnxxnrjb hq Cx' Cqryqm& xzgy ny loffouy'

Ag r`j uagrjx ol >198#>199& n exozt ol(ozryabjxy( nirage og hj`nfl ol r`jYo|ajr eo|jxgcjgr nxxa|jb zgjptjirjbfq ag r`j |affnej ol F z m n Fom`|qryanXnaog& Tofrn|n Ohfnyr!' R`jq ujgr roj|jxq òzyj ngb xj~zayaraogjb nff r`jexnag& bjytarj r`j lnir r`nr r`jxj ujxj goxai` tjnyngry fa|age ag r`j |affnej (r`jxjuny gor n yagefj mzfnm(!' J|abjgrfq r`jqioffjirjb gor tgfq r`j exnag& hzr j|jg|jejrnhfjy r`nr cnq `n|j hjjg exoug ogtxa|nrj tfory' R`jg r`jq zyjb y`nxt

ytamjy ro cnmj r`xzyry agro r`j yoaf rojgyzxj r`nr go exnag `nb hjjg iogijnfjbhjgjnr` r`j yzxlnij'

Bjytarj txorjyry ngb j|jg t`qyainfxjyayrngij lxoc lnxcjxy& nff r`j exnaguny rnmjg lxoc r`j |affnej' Yzhyj~zjgrfq& r`j |affnej i`zxi` uny tzffjb bougngb yj|jxnf lncafajy ujxj nxxjyrjb ngbbjtoxrjb og r`j exozgby r`nr r`jq ujxjmzfnmy ag lnir& r`jq ujxj cabbfjtjnyngry& Cx' Cqryqm xjtoxry' Cngqbajb og r`j xozrj jnyrunxb' Lncagjhjeng ag r`j nxjn ngb ytxjnb ag r jytxage ngb yzccjx ol >199'

R`jxj ujxj ynab ro hj yacafnx j|jgry agr`j gjae`hoxage |affnejy ol [zhnga&Bjci`jgmq & A|ngo#Yjfqy ì`j ngbMo|gaxa|yì`qgn'

Ar ay ynab r`nr tjotfj ujxj hjiocageyuoffjg lxoc `zgejx& ngb xjyoxrjb rojnrage lofanej lxoc r`j uooby& qozgexjjby ngb j|jg hzffxzy`jy lxoc r`j foinfxa|jx' Inyjy ol inggahnfayc hjincjcngaljyr ngb hjincj rjxxalqage u`jghngby uozfb loxc n `zgr lox torjgranf|airacy' Og r`j yrjttjy nlrjxunxb& ar ayxjfnrjb& ogj uozfb olrjg iocj nixoyytjotfj%y ymjfjrogy hjinzyj cngq uozfbfjn|j r`jax gnra|j |affnej ro foom jfyju`jxj lox loob ngb r`jg (baj nfoge r`jxozrj'(

Nr r`j racj ol r`j lncagj& Cx'Cqryqm xjiozgry& ày exngbcor`jx%ytnxjgry tjxay`jb& ny bab `jx hxor`jx ngbruo gjt`juy' Ogj ol r j fnrrjx& Bngqfo&j|abjgrfq nymjb ày cor`jx al y`j iozfbgor hxage àc yocj (lay` ezry ox j|jglxoey% fjey( ro jnr& ngb ztog `jnxager`nr y`j iozfb lagb gogj ol iar`jx&txjljxxjb ro baj xnr`jx r`ng fa|j'

Cx' Cqryqm xjtoxry r`nr ag r`j|affnejy ol Fzrya ngb Boci`jgmq& `nflol r`j totzfnraog bajb lxoc `zgejx& ngbr`nr r`j |affnej ol Yjcqco`qfq @fo #hqgj Xnaog! (bajb ioctfjrjfq'( @jxj&`j uxarjy& (r`j i`zxi` uny o|jxexouguar` ujjby'( R`jxj ay or`jx j|abjgij royzeejyr r`nr r`j |affnej& nfròze` j|jgrznffq xjtotzfnrjb& `ny xjcnagjb |jxqycnff ag ya{j' Cnyy exn|jy ujxj xjtoxrjbfq bze lox r`j totzfnraog ol nff r`j|affnejy ag r`j xjeaog'

R`j nzròx jptfnagy r`nr ày exngbcor`jx yzx|a|jb& nfoge uar` `jx lozxiàfbxjg& hq enr`jxage yocj ionxyjifor` cnrjxanfy ngb& nfoge uar` yocjor`jx uocjg& rnmage n rxnag ro r`j|affnej ol Hnm` cni` ag I`jxgaà|Ohfnyr& u`jxj r`jq jpi`ngejb r`j ifor`lox loob' R`jq ujxj ynab ro hj nyrogay`jb nr r`j tfjgralzf yzttfajy ol loob agrày |affnej ny ioctnxjb ro r`jax oug&ngb hxoze`r yzttfajy hnim ro r`jaxgnra|j |affnej'

R`j yroxq ay n `nxxouage ogj& hzrhor` Cx' Cqryqm ngb Cx' Mqxyngo| nxjyzxtxayagefq rjgrnra|j ngb iogyjx|nra|jag r`jax iogifzyaogy' C x' Cqryqm ioccjgry r`nr r`j lncagj uny tnxrfq n xjyzfrol ixot lnafzxj uài` yjjcy cayrnmjgzgfjyy `j ay xjljxxage ro r`j `nx|jyr ogày foinf ioffjira|j lnxc xnr`jx r`ng agr`j xjtzhfai ejgjxnffq ngb ro r`jYrnfagayr cjròby ol ioffjira|a{nraogngb Yrnfag ayr (fnufjyygjyy'( @j hjfaj|jy r`nr yiajgralai xjyjnxi` ag r`jlzrzxj uaràg r`j Yo|ajr Zgaog uafftxo|abj n coxj ioctfjrj niiozgr ol r`jàyroxq ol r`j >199 lncagj'

Yacafnxfq& Cx ' Mqxyngo|& uòyjnxraifj ay agrjxytjxyjb uar` tojrai xjljxjgijy& bjyixahjy u`nr `j inffy r`j(jrjxgnf ztxae`rgjyy( ngb yrjnblnyrcoxnfarq ol r`j |affnej tjnyngr ag àyrnrrjxjb òcj' ' R`j txohfjc& ag ày|aju& fajy uar` r`j bocagnraog o|jx r`nrIogragzjb og tnej >:!

EFNYGOYR BANXQ;xjioxbage i`ngejy ag r`j ZYYXYoòqboi`gq Yrxjjr

Al qoz%xj ag Maj| rày yzccjx ngbungr ro lagb ng nbbxjyy og [`bngo|Yrxjjr& qoz cnq hj foomage lox n fogeracj' Lox& niioxbage ro r`j intarnf iarq%yjpjizra|j ioccarrjj& r`j gncj ol r`jyrxjjr ay hjage i`ngejb ag ògox ol@jrcng Tjrxo Mogny`j|qi` Yn`nqbn#i`gq& >:54#>5r ijgrzxq'

R`j Zmxnagang Mo{nm& ng niioctfay`jb ioccngbjx ngb ifj|jx batfocnr&ay ixjbarjb uar` tfnqage ng actoxrngrxofj ag r`j fahjxnraog yrxzeefj ol r`jZmxnagang tjotfj nenagyr Rzxmay` jgyfn|jcjgr'

@jrcng Yn`nqbni`gq%y gncj ay olrjgioggjirjb uar` r`j gju izfrzxnf xj|a|nfol Maj|& r`j iarq ro uài` `j co|jb r`j`jrcng%y yjnr ag r`j jnxfq >192 r`jzttjx toxraog ol rày xonb uny xjgncjb Maxo| Yrxjjr' R`j foujx toxraogol r`j yrxjjr& uài` xzgy lxoc r`j ToyrY~znxj ro r`j Xjb Y~znxj uny xjgncjblox [`bngo| ag >1::' R`nr qjnx r`jyrxjjr cjxejb agro ogj agbjtjgbjgrr`xzunq'Ar ay agrjxjyrage ro gorj r`nr nr r`jagrjxyjiraog ol Toyr Y~znxj ngb Nfjm#yngbxa|ymq Yrxjjr& [`bngo| Yrxjjr!ogij yroob r`j I`zxi` ol r`j Gnra|arq&bjyrxoqjb hq r`j Yo|ajry bzxage UoxfbUnx AA' Ar uny nr rày i`zxi` r`nr r`jiollag inxxqage Rnxny Y`j|i`jgmo%yhobq ro Mnga| xjyrjb hjloxj r`j lzgjxnftxoijyyaog cnbj ary unq ro ày lagnfxjyrage tfnij ag Cnq >0'

N cnt ol r`j Tobaf yjiraog ol Maj|& nfoge r`j hngmy ol r`j Bgajtjx Xa|jx'

Zmxnagang Ujjfif\ LOZGBJB>199Ng Jgefay`#fngeznej Zmxnagang gjuytntjx tzhfay`jb hq r`j Zmxnagang GnraognfNyyoianraog Agi'& n gog#txolar nyyoianraog& nr 94 Cogreocjxq Yr'& Kjxyjq Iarq& G'K'

45948'Yjiogb#ifnyy toyrnej tnab nr Kjxyjq Iarq& G'K' 45948'AYYG 4859#1920!

Qjnxfq yzhyixatraog xnrj; "84= lox ZGN cjchjxy ">4'Nfyo tzhfay`jb hq r j ZGN; Y|ohobn& n Zmxnagang#fngeznej bnafq gjuytntjx'R j Ujjmfq ngb Y|ohobn;(84>! 292#4895& #4045& #949< ZGN;(84>! 2:>#8844Toyrcnyrjx& yjgb nbbxjyyi`ngejy ro;R j Zmxnagang UjjmfqTO Hop 92101 hq R`j Zmxnagang Ujjmfq


3/16

Ynm`nxo| zxejy fjenfa{nraog Xae`ry nira|ayr Yrjtng YntjfanmOl Zmxnagang Inròfai I`zxi` nxxa|jy ag Ingnbn lox |ayar

YAJGN& A r n fq Ytjnmage nr n tzhfa icjjrage nr Yajgn Zga|jxyarq& `zcngxae`ry nira|ayr Ngbxja Ynm`nxo| inffjblox r`j fjenfa{nraog ol r`j ZmxnagangInròfai I`zxi`& Xjzrjxy xjtoxrjb'

(R`jxj ay ng nhyofzrjfq ngocnfozyyarznraog ag uài` ng jgraxj I`zxi` u a r àry exjnr gzchjx ol lnar`lzf lagby aryjfl agng affjenf ifngbjyragj yarznrao g&( Bx'Ynm`nxo| ynab og R`zxybnq& Ljhxznxq1' @j nymjb r`nr Arnfang Xocng Inròfai ro zyj nff r`jax aglfzjgij ro `jftohrnag r`j fjenfa{nraog ol r`j ZmxnagangInròfai I`zxi`& uài` ay foqnf ro r`jtotj'

R`j ozrfnujb Zmxnagang InròfaiI`zxi` ag r`j Yo|ajr Z gaog `ny :caf f aog hjfaj|jxy& niioxbage ro I`zxi`yozxijy' Ar uny fa~zab nrjb hq r`j Yo|ajrxjeacj ag >12< ngb loxijb ro zgalq u a r `r`j Xzyyang Oxròbop I`zxi`'

Bx ' Ynm`nxo|& n >15: Gohjf TjnijTxa{j uaggjx ngb ày u a l j & QjfjgnHoggjx ujxj og n yap#bnq |ayar ro A r n fq &uài` nfyo agifzbjb ng nzbajgij u a r `Totj Ko`g Tnzf A A ngb Inxbagnf C q x o #yfn| A|ng Fzhnià|ymq& r`j txjfnrj olnff Zmxnagang Inròfaiy'

hq I`xay EzfqO R R N U N U a r ` n gju ljbjxnf

Inhagjr nt toag rjb ngb xjnbq lox nCnxi` xjinff ro Tnxfancjgr& yj|jxnfZmxnagang Ingnbang exozty ua f f hjunarage lox r`j Iogyjx|nra|j eo|jxgcjgr ro bjiabj og n iogrxo|jxy anf ioc tjgynrao g xj~zjyr lox yzx|a|o xy olU o x f b Unx A bjrnagcjgr'

R`j Zmxnagang Ingnbang Ia| a f Fahjxrajy Ioccayyaog cjr uar` IngnbangYjixjrnxq ol Yrnrj Ejxxq U jagjx hjloxjr`j jfjiraog ro yjjm xjbxjyy lo x ròyjyzx|a|age ol r`j :&444 Zmxnagang Ingnbangy yjgr ro 8< agrjxgcjgr inctybzxage r`j laxyr uoxfb unx' Ar ay nfyojyracnrjb r`n 00&444 ujxj ohfaenrjb roxjeayrjx ny jgjcq nfajgy'

Ag >1>: r`j Hxar ay` Loxjaeg Ollaij `nbnb|ayjb r`j Ingnbang eo|jxgcjgr r`nrcoyr Zmxnagang accaexngry ujxj l xocr`j ujyrjxg txo|agijy ol Enfaian ngbHzmo|agn& r`jg tnxr ol r`j Nzyrxo#@zgenxang Jctaxj& ngb ujxj iogyabjxjb (lxajgbfq'(

Gogjr`jfjyy& txo tjxrq ngb |nfznhfjyujxj ioglayinrjb& ngb u a r ` r`j >1>5Unxracj Jfjiraog Nir& tjotfj ujxjbayjglxngiàyjb ngb bjgajb r`j xae`r ro|orj' Hq >1>0& r`j Zmxnagang Ingnbangtxjyy ngb oxenga{nraogy ujxj nfyo jar`jxyzttxjyyjb ox y`zr boug'

Nfròze` ar ay jyracnrjb r`nr go coxjr`ng 84 ro >44 tjotfj `n|j yzx| a|jb &yj|jxnf exozty& agifzbage r`j ioccayyaog ngb r`j Zmxnagang Ingnbang Ioccarrjj ungr n loxcnf nimgoufjbecjgrlxoc r`j ljbjxnf eo|jxgcjgr hq >114'R`jax bjcngby nfyo agifzbj agba|abznfioctjgynraog ro yzx|a|oxy& n xjbxjyy ror`j jgraxj ioc czg arq r`xoze ` r`jjyrnhfay`c jgr ol n rxzyr lzgb& ng bxj|ayaogy ro r`j gju Jcjxejgiq Cjnyzxjy Nir ro txj|jgr yacafnx agiabjgry agr`j lzrzxj'

R`jxj `n|j nfyo hjjg inffy lox r`jiogyrxziraog ol àyroxainf cnxmjxy nragrjxgcjgr incty& agifzbage Loxr@jgx| gjnx Mageyrog& Ogrnxao& ngbHxngbog& Cngarohn'

Qjr& r`j iocczgarq xjcnagy ytfar ogr`j ayyzj' C q x o g Ytofymq& n cjchjxol r`j Zmxnagang Ingnbang Ioccarrjj%y Cngarohn Txo|agianf Iozgiaf& rofb

R`j Xjzrjxy xjtoxr nfyo cjgraogjbr`nr Totj Ko`g Tnzf A A `ny nttjnfjbyj|jxnf racjy lox r`j Zmxnagang Inròfai I`zxi ` ro hj xjioega{jb ag r`j Yo|ajrZgaog' @j `ny tfjbejb r`nr `j uozfbgor |aya r r`j Yo|ajr Zgaog zgfjyy `jiozfb cjjr uar` txniraiage Inròfaiy agZmxnagj ngb Far`zngan'

Bx ' Ynm`nxo| ytomj nhozr r`j gornhfj i`ngejy ag iogbaraogy lox r`j ollaian f f q xjioega{jb Xzyyang OxròbopI`zxi`& hzr nbbjb r`nr r`j I`zxi`gjjbjb cox j lxjjboc ro tzxyzj ytaxarznf ngb tnyroxnf nira|arajy'

Bzxage ày |ayar ro Arnfq& `j xjija|jbng ògoxnxq bjexjj l x o c HofoegnZga|jxyarq' @j uny yi`jbzfjb ro |ayarIngnbn fnyr ujjm ro xjija|j ògoxnxqbjexjjy l xoc r`j zga|jxyarajy ol U a g g a tje ngb Orrnun'

Bx ' Ynm`nxo|& n bayyabjgr uò ytjgryj|jg qjnxy ag agrjxgnf jpafj& ay og àyyjiogb r x at ro r`j Ujyr yagij Oirohjx>100' Txaox ro rày Bx' Ynm`nxo| unygor tjxcarrjb ro rxn|jf nhxonb hjinzyj`j uny ynab ro mgou yrnrj yjixjry nhozrr`j Yo|ajr gzifjnx txoexnc'

n Zmxnagang nxry iogljxjgij fnyr lnff r`nrinffy lox ioctjgynraog nxj goràgecoxj r`ng n hnimunxb yrjt og u`nr `jiogyabjxjb agiogifzya|j j|abjgij'

Zgfamj yzhyrngranf xjioxby mjtr ogKntngjyj agrjxgcjgr bzxag e r`j U o x f bUn x A A & coyr xjioxby ol jgjcq nfajgnira|arq bzxage r`j la xy r uoxfb unx ujxjbjyrxoqjb a g r`j >1:4y'

@ouj|jx& Haff Ujxhjgazm& gnraognfjpjizra|j baxjirox ol r`j ZmxnagangIngnbang Iocc arrjj& ynab r`nr Cx'Ytofymq (ay gor n àyroxang ox xjyjnxi`jx( ngb ay zg~znfalajb ro ~zjyraog r`j|nfaba rq ol r`j ruo#qjnx ofb ifnac& ngbr`nr cayyage agloxcnraog ay ag r`jtxoijyy ol hjage xjrxaj|jb l xoc Hxar ay`Nxià|jy'

Zmxnagang Ingnbangy nxj lo f fouager`j fjnb ol r`j Kntngjyj Ingnbangiocczgarq uài` xjija|jb "944 c a f f a o gag xjyrarzraog lzgby l xoc r`j ljbjxnfeo|jxgcjgr fnyr Oirohjx'

Zgfamj r`jax Zmxnagang iozgrjxtnxry&>2&444 ol ng oxaeagnf 88&444 Kntngjyj#Ingnbangy agrjxgjb l xoc >12> ro >121nxj yra f f nfa|j' Zgbjx Orrnun%y ioctjgynraog t fng& jni Kntngjyj yzx|a|ox uaf fxjija|j "8>&444 ag nbbaraog ro r`j "900: ro >18> R`jq& roo& nxjifnacage ioctjgynraog lox ioglayinrjbfngb ngb rnp tnqcjgry' Zgbjx r`jIàgjyj Accaexnraog ngb Lpiayj Nirngb `jnb rnp& accaexnraog ro Ingnbnuny txoàharjb lxoc >189 ro >125' Olr`j 8&:44 xjeayrjxjb zgbjx r`j `jnb rnp&r`j ifnacngry bayio|jxjb& ogj#ràxb nxjyra f f nfa|j'

Hzr ag nff r`xjj inyjy& ngq lagngianf oxloxcnf ntofoeq uaf f `nxbfq b z f f r`jcjcoxajy ol agkzyraij' Ny r`j MageyrogBnafq Hxa r ay` Uàe uxorj' (R`j| lZ#mxnagangy! u a f f `n|j yòug ag r`jax`jnxry r`j yjjby ol harrjxgjyy r`nr inggj|jx hj jpragezay`jb'(

Yrjtng Yntjfanm nlrjx ày nxxa|nf ag Ingnbn'hq Xocn @nb{juqi{

G O XR@ Q O X M & Ogrnxao YrjtngYntjfanm& 24& loxcjx Yo|ajr tofarainftxayogjx ngb n fjnbage cjchjx ol r`jZmxnagang Nyyoianraog ol AgbjtjgbjgrIxjnra|j Agrjff aejg ryan& nxxa|jb agRoxogro og Cog bnq gae`r& Kngznxq 94'R`j |jxq gjpr bnq r`j M`nxma| xjyabjgrnttjnxjb nr n iogljxjgij og (Efnygoyrag Yo|ajr Zm xnag j( hjage `jfb `jxj nrQ o x m Zga|jxyarq kzyr ozryabj ol Roxogro ' Yjj yroxq og tnej 2'!

Cx ' Yntjfanm rofb R`j ZmxnagangUjjmfq r`nr `j `nb nxxa |jb ag r`j UjyrOharznxq

GJ U Q O X M A|ng Hn{nxmo&loxcjx txjyabjgr ol r`j U o x f b Iogexjyy olLxjj Zmxna gangy& ngb loxcjx jpjizra|jbaxjirox ol r`j Zmxnagang IogexjyyIoccarrjj ol Ncjxain& bajb `jxj ogLjhx znxq >4' @j uny 50'

Cx ' Hn{nxmo uny hoxg Oirohjx 1>4& ag Bo|{`ga|& Yomnf iozgrq&Zmxnagj' @j uny n Zmxnagang iocc zgarq nira|ayr hor` ag Zmxnagj ngb agbanytoxn'

Ag nbbaraog ro ày nira|arq ag r`jZIIN ngb UILZ& lox uài` `j unytjx`nty hjyr mgoug& Cx' Hn{nxmo unyng òg oxnxq cjc hjx ol r`j Txo|abjgijNyyoianraog ol Zmxnagang Inròfaiy'R`j Zgarjb Zmxnagang Ncjxaing Oxenga{nraogy ol Cjrxotofarng Gju Qoxmnfyo gncjb àc ng ògoxnxq cjchjx&ngb yjfjirjb à c ro hj Zmxnagang ol r`jQjnx lox >151'

Cx ' Hn{nxmo uny n cjchjx ol gzcjxozy Zmxnagang oxenga{nraogy ngb nxjiatajgr ol |nxaozy nunxby lox àyiocczgarq uoxm'

R`j lzgjxnf f a rzxeq uny `jfb Rzjybnq&Ljhxznxq >2& l xoc Yr' Ejoxej Zmxnagan g Inròfai I`zxi` ag Gju Q o x m 'Hzxanf loffoujb nr Yr' Ngbxj u y Zmxnagang Oxr òbo p Ijcjrjxq ag Yozr`Hozgb Hxoom& G'K'

lox n r`xjj#cogr` |ayar r`nr uozfb rnmjà c ro r`j Zgarjb Yrnrjy ngb Jgefngb&ag nbb arao g ro Ingnbn' @j ynab ày eonfuny (ro jyrnhfay` iogrniry u a r ` qozgetjotfj ag r`j Ujyr& yo r`nr r`jq uaf f hjnunxj ol j|jgry ag Zmxnagj'(

@j ynab `j ungrjb ro rj ff Zmxnagangqozge tjotfj nhozr r`j cngq zgollaianfexozty r`nr gou jpayr ag Zmxnagj& ngbjytjianffq nhozr r`j (izf rzxofoeainfco|jcjgr'(

C x' Yntjfanm ynab jiofoeainf rxnejbajy yzi` ny r`j Iòxgohqf gzifjnxbaynyrjx ngb r`j cqyrjxaozy nafcjgr& bzjro r`n f f azc jptoyzxj& nlljirage r`jiàfbxjg ol I`jxga|rya nxj kzyr tnxr olr`j jiofoeainf baynyrjx robnq nlljirageZmxnagj'

Cx ' Yntjfanm& uò `nb hjjg nrrjctrage ro |ayar Ingnbn yagij Ljhxznxq olfnyr qjnx& u`jg `j laxyr nttfajb lox n|ayn& ynab `j lozgb ozr og Kngznxq 89 olrày qjnx r`nr `j uozfb hj nhfj ro rxn|jfro r`nr iozgrxq' N ujjm fnrjx `j uny agRoxogro'Ar room yap ro yj|jg cogr`y ol (~zajrbatfocniq( hq r`j Ingnba ng Jchnyyqro xj|jxyj Yo|ajr nzròxar ajy% jnxfajxxjlzynf ro nffou Cx' Yntjfanm ro rxn|jfnhxonb& `j ynab'

C x' Yntjfanm ay n cjchjx ol r`jjbaroxanf honxb ol Mnljbxn& r`j kozxgnfol r`j Zmxnagang Nyyoianraog ol Agbjtjgbjgr Ixjnra|j Agrjffaejgryan Z N G R A ! '@j ay n loxcjx tofarainf txayogjx uò unynxxjyrjb ag >159 lox xjtfn iage r`j Yo|ajrlfne u a r ` r`j hfzj ngb qjffou lfne ol lxjjZmxnagj ag ày òcjroug ol Xoyom`ni`&Rjxgotaf ohfnyr' A g nbbara og& `j unyi`nxejb u a r ` ioffjirage gnraognfayrhnrrfj yogey' Ny n xjyzfr `j uny yjgrjgijb ro la|j qjnxy% fnhox inct ngb r`xjjqjnxy% agrjxgn f jpafj'

Ag >152& Cx' Yntjfanm uny co|jb ror`j goroxaozy Inct Go' 9< ag Tjxc'Uàfj actxayogjb `j xjyayrjb cngqnrrjctr y hq r`j ME H ro `n|j àcxjingr& ngb `j uny hjnrjg ngb roxrzxjbog yj|jxnf oiinyaogy' @j ioctfjrjb àyrjxc ag >10> ngb room zt xjyabjgij agM`nxma|'Iogragzjb og tnej >>!

A|ng Hn{nxmoYzx|a|age nxj Cx' Hn{nxmo%y ualj&

Gnrnfan= yogy& Gjyrox ngb \ofobqcqx&uar` r`jax ua|jy ngb iàfbxjg= ngb or`jxlncafq cjchjxy ag r`j Zgarjb Yrnrjy&Zmxnagj ngb Tofngb'

Ag fajz ol lfoujxy& r`j lncafq `nyxj~zjyrjb cjco xanf bognraogy ro Yr'Ejoxej I`zxi` ox r`j U o x f b Iogexjyyol Lxjj Zmxnagangy'

Zmxnagang Uoxfb Unx A bjrnagjjyyjjm Ingnbang ioctjgynraog

A|ng Hn{nxmo& loxcjx UILZ txjyabjgr&ZIIN nira|ayr& Zmxnagang ol r`j Qjnx


4/16

Qoxm Zga|jxyarq yqctoyazc og (Efnygoyr ag Yo|ajr Zmxnagj(Ytjnmjxy lxocUjyr ngb ZYYXnbbxjyy yjyyaogyhq Xocn @nb{juqi{

G O X R @ Q O X M & Ogrnxao R`j laxyryiòfnxfq iogljxjgij `jfb ytjialainffq ronbbxjyy r`j i`ngejy rnmage tfnij agZmxnagj& ag r`j iogrjpr ol r`j tofaiajy olefnygoyr ngb tjxjyrxoamn hjage txocorjb ag r`j ZYYX ny n uòfj zgbjx r`jfjnbjxyàt ol Ejgjxnf Yjixjrnxq C a m `naf Eoxhni`j|& room tfnij nr Q o x mZga|jxyarq `jxj& kzyr ozryabj ol Roxogro & og Ynrzxbnq& Kngznxq 80& r`xoz e`Rzjybnq& Kngznxq 9>'

R`j iogljxjgij h xoze `r roejr`jxyiòfnxy ngb ytjianfayry ag r`j lajfby oltofaraiy ngb r`j nxry l xoc Ingnbn& r`jZgarjb Yrnrjy& Jgefngb ngb Zmxnagj'

Ncoge r`j ytjnmjxy ujxj r`j nyyayrngr ba xjirox ol r j Agyrarzrjol Farjxnrzxjnr r`j Zmx nag ang YYX Ninbjc q olYiajgijy& Bx' C q m o f n [`zfqgymq& ngbr`j laxyr yjixjrnxq ol r`j Yo|ajr Jchnyyqag Orrnun& Q z x a Hoenqj|ymq' R`xjjloxcjx Yo|ajr tofar ainf txayogjxy& r`jXj| \nyqf Xocngazm& Bngqfo Y`z#cz m ngb Tjrxo Xzhng& uò gou xjyabjag Goxr` Ncj xain & nfyo yjx|jb ny tngjfayry'

N Zmxnagan g `zcng xae`ry nira|ayru` o `nb kzyr nxxa|jb ag Roxogro r`jj|jgage hjloxj& room r`j lfoox nr r`jiogljxjgij%y yocjracjy yroxcq iogifzbage tngjf og tofaraiy ro toyj n ~zjyraogro Yo|ajr xjtxjyjgrnra|jy'

Yrjtng Yntjfanm& 24& n fjnbage cjchjx ol r`j Zm xnag ang Nyyoianraog olAgbjtjgbjgr Ixjnra|j Agrjffaejgryan ngbn cjchjx ol r`j jbaroxanf honxb ol arykozxgnf& Mnljbxn& r`zy cnbj ày laxyrtzhfai nttjnxngij kzyr òzxy nlrjx `jnxxa|jb ag r`j Ujyr lox n r`xjj#cogr`|aya r '

Efnygoyr ngb tjxjyrxoamn; o|jx|aju ol zglofbage txoijyyjy

J B A R O X % Y % G O R J ; Uar` ràyayyzj& R`j Zmxnagang Ujjmfq hj eagy ary jprjgya|j io|jxnej ol r`jxjijgr yqctoyazc `jfb nr QoxmZga|jxyarq og r`j rotai (Efnygoyrag Yo|ajr Zmxnagj'( Rày ujjm&uj olljx n ejgjxnf gjuy yroxqnhozr r`j iogljxjgij ngb r`j laxyrtnxr ol Bx' Ho`bng Mxn u i `j gm o % yotjgage nbbxjyy'Yraff ro iocj; xjtoxry og r`jtofaraiy tngjfy & nxry tngjfyW otjgage ol ng jpàhar ol uox my hq nxrayrLjoboyaq @zcjgazm & ngb Bx'Ejox ej E xn hou ai { % y iogifzbagenbbxjyy'R`j M` n xm a | uxarjx nymjb C x' Ho

enqj|ymq u`q r`j uxarjxy uò nxjnffoujb ro rxn|jf l xoc Zmxnagj ro r`jUjyr nxj nfunqy r`j yncj exozt A|ngBxni`& Bcqrxo Tn|fqi`mo& jri' ngbu`q uxarjxy f amj r`j fnrj \nyqf Yrzy& AòxMnfqgjry ngb Qj|`jg Y|jxyrazm ujxjgor ngb nxj gor nffoujb ro rxn|jf ro& ynq&Ingnbn lox xozgbrnhfj bayizyyaogy' @jnfyo hxoni`jb r`j abjn ol jyrnhfayàge nZmxnagang uxarjxy% ifzh& nmag ro r`j TJGIfzh& r`nr uo z f b zgarj nff Zmxnaganguxarjxy ròyj hor` ag Zmxnagj ngb agbanytoxn' +

C x ' Hoenqj|ymq ioccj grjb r`nrYo|ajr nzròxarajy uo z f b iogyabjx nfftoyyahafarajy a g xjenxb ro tjxcarr ageuxarjxy ro rxn|jf nhxonb& u ` a f j B x '[`zfqgymq ohyjx|jb r`nr Zmxnagangfarjxnrzxj ozryabj ol Zmxnagj yòzfb aglnir hj agifzbjb ua r` ag r`j lxncjuoxmol r`j yrzbq ol Zmxnagang farjxnrzxj&( Lo x qjnxy uj bab gor yrzbq ar& ujr,olr,* || `j # yn C WU j %yòzfb yjgb

Iogragzjb og tnel >9s

hq Bx' Ho`bng Mxnui`jgmoTNXRA OL RUO TNXRY

Rày iogljxjgij ay bj|o rjb ro nbayizyyaog ol efnygoyr ag Zmxn agj' YagijA goraijb l xoc r`j txoexnc r`nr go ogjuaff hj nbbxjyyage r`j o|jx#nff Yo|ajriogrjpr& A ròze`r r`nr u`nr A yòzfb boag rày nbbxjyy ay ea|j n hxajl o|jx|aju olefnygoyr ngb tjxjyrxoamn ny n ejgjxnftxoijyy'

Efnygoyr `ny ioglxogrjb zy u a r àgloxcnraog o|jxfonb& n txohfjc yjiogb ogfq ro r`nr ol tjxytjira|j' Ny@nxfjq Hnf{jx ol Ejoxejroug Zga|jxyarq xjijgrfq gorjb& (Ràgey nxj co|ageroo lnyr& go ogj mgouy u`jxj r`jq nxjeoage& ngb uj nxj bxoug age ag bjrnafy/%Ifjnxfq& r`jxj ay n bjytjxnrj gjjb rozgbjxyrngb& al toyyahfj& r`j (fnuy olcoraog( ol r`j fnxej bxncn zglofbage agr`j Yo|ajr Zg a o g '

Ogfq cnkox ixayjy ea|j xayj ro cnkoxxjloxcy' R`j Eoxhni`j| fjnbjxyàtroom r`j xjagy ol toujx ag >10: ioega{ngr ol r`j lnir r`nr r`jq ag`jxarjb nioz grx q ngb n yqyrjc ag n yrnrj olcnrjxanf ngb ytaxarznf ixayay' R`j yqctrocy ol bjinq ujxj j|jxqu`jxj; agloxjaeg tofaiq r`j Nle`ng baynyrjx!& agizfrzxj jtaroca{jb u`jg Hxj{`gj| unynunxbjb r`j Fjgag txa{j lox farjxnrzxj!&ag gnraognfarajy xjfnraogy n ijgrxnfa{nraog ol toujx yo cnb r`nr r`j l axyayjixjrnxq ol r`j Iocczga yr Tnxrq olZmxnagj `nb ro tògj Coy iou loxtjxcayyaog ro iogyrxzir n tjbjyrxango|jxtnyy ag Maj|!& ngb j|jg ag r`j `jnfròl r`j Yo|ajr totzfnraog ag iogrxnyr ror`j rxjgby ag nff Ujyrjxg iozgrxajy& faljjptjirngiq nirznf fq bjifagjb; l xoc 5> ro1109 r`j Yo|ajr jiogocq `nb ro ytjgb9'5 racjy ny czi` inyr a x o g & 9 racjy nyczi` yrjjf ngb ijcjgr& ngb 8'9 racjy nyczi` oaf ny r`j Ncjxaing jiogocq rotxobzij n ioctnxnhfj zgar ol gnraognfagiocj' R`j Yo|ajr jiogocq `nbgor qjr jgrjxjb r`j r ` a xb rji`gofoeainfxj|ofzr aog (tfnyrajy& jfjirxogaiy&ioctzrjxy' Yo|ajr fnhox txobzira|arqag nexaizfrzxj ay ogj#rjgr` r`nr ol r`j

' Z'Y' R`j ZYYX `ny coxj lnxcjxy r`ngr`j agbzyrxa nfa{jb Ujyr z Kntngiochagjb'! Zt a< ogj#ràxb ol nff|jejrnhfjy `nx|jyrjb xor ag r`j lajfby=r`j j~za|n fjgr ol Ingnb ang ngg znftxobzir aog ol exnag ay foyr bzxage

Ho`bng Mxnui`jgmo ay baxjirox olr`j Ingnbang Agyrarzrj ol ZmxnagangYrzbajy nr r`j Zga|jxyarq ol Nfhjxrn ngbnyyoianrj txoljycx ol r`j Bjtnxrcjgrol Yfn|ai ngb Jnyr Jzxotjng Yrzbajy'R`j nbbxjyy nho|j uny bjfa|jxjb nrr`j baggjx r`nr otjgjb amj Qoxm Zga|jxyarq xqCtbyarlxra (Efnygoyr ag Yo|ajrZmxnagj(og Ynrzxbnq& Kngznxq 80'

`nx|jyry ag r`j ZYYX'Ea|jg r`j ya{j ol r`j Yo|ajr jiogocq&

r`j yinfj ol unyrj ay cagb#hoeefage' NyCx ' Eoxhni`j| gorjb& (Uj `n|j nfxjnbq nxxa|jb nr n toagr u`jxj yziùnyrj ay gor ogfq agrofjxnhf j& hzr yactfqzgyzyrn agnhfj '( Ar uny rày (fnu olagixjnyage unyrj ngb agjllaiajgiq&( oxnhqycnf intarnf#ozrtzr xnraoy& r`nrzfracnrjfq fjb ro r`j ixayay ol r`j jnxfq>104y r`nr laxyr hxoze`r Q z x a Ngbxoto|ngb r`jg Eoxhni`j| ro toujx'

i`j| tzr ar nr r`j Kngznxq >105 Ijg rxnfIoccarrjj Tfjgzc'

R`j xofj ol bjcoixniq a g r`j txoijyyol jiogocai xjloxc uny aga r anf fq iogija|jb ny n gnxxou ogj' Bjcoixniquny xjbzijb r o exjnrjx i x a r a i a y c olyòxriocagey ngb r`j i`nyrayjcjgr olhzxjnzixn ry xjyayrage i`ngej' Hzr ràyi`jjxfjnbjx |jxyaog ol bjcoixniq unyyoog xjioega{jb ny n toox ngraborj ror`j yqyrjc%y affy& lox ar lnafjb ro bjnf uar`r`j jyyjgranf toagr; gncjfq& r`nr r`jxj

' ' ' q o z inggor `n|j n yrnegngr& iogrxoffjb yoiajrq&n bocagjjxage tofarainf yqyrjc n g b & nr r`j yncjracj& jptjir jiogocai bqgncayc' '''Rày ay r`j tofarainf actjxnra|j ol efnygoyr& ngb r`j ogfq eznxngrjj ol ary iogragznraog' Ro hnimrxnim og efnygoyruozfb cjng ro tfzgej r`j jiogocq bjjtjx agror`j caxj ol jiogocai ngb yoianf yrnegnraog'

Eoxhni`j| cnbj ar ifjnx u`jg `j unyjfjirjb r o `jnb r`j tnxrq og Cn xi` >>&>10:& r`nr ày coyr zxejgr rnym uny r`jjiogocq' Ng bxo to| ang cjròby ujxjro hj zyjb ro niàj|j rà y jgb' Ninctna eg uny fnzgi`jb lo x rae`rj xbayiatfagj ngb oxbjx& ngb nho|j nff& r`jtoujx ngb nz ròx arq ol r`j tnxrq fjnbjxyàt uny ro hj xjyroxjb' Yrxzirzxnfxjloxcy ujxj 'go r txot oyjb& ngb nfròze` efnygoyr uny nllaxcjb hq Eoxhni`j| nr r`j 85r` Iocczgayr TnxrqIogexjyy ag Ljhxznxq >1010< ny jgrjxtxayj baxjiroxyinffjb agro iaxizfnraog àbbjg xjyjx|jyol xnu cnrjxanfy' Hzr nfcoyr nff ol ràyexour`& ny G a m o f n a Y`cjfj| `ny gorjb&uny nrrxahzrjb ro r`j jpijyy txobziraogol yòbbq yzxtfzy eooby' Yziijyy j|jgol rày yoxr uny yòxrfa|j b; hq >105agbzyrxq exju hq n cjxj >': tjxijgr& ngbr`j cniàgj #hzafbage yjirox& iogyabjxjbixar ainf lox tjxjyrxoamn& uny yrnegngr'Xjloxc r`xoze` coxnf jpòxrnr aog ngbbaxjir txjyyzxj uny ejrrage gou`jxj'

Ar un, ag n ytjji` ag Mxnygobnx agYjtrjchjx >10< r`nr Eoxhni`j| laxyrytomj ol r`j gjjb ro bjcoixnra{j Yo|ajryoiajrq' Bjcoixnra{nraog uny ro hj#io cj n lr a gar rz cj g r < l xjl o x xxa= r`j(bxa| age loxij or tjxjyrxoamn(ny Eoxhn#

jiogocai xjloxc hjeagy gor ua r` r`j(jiogocai hnyj&( hzr ua r` r`j yztjxyrxzirzxj' Eoxhni`j| cnbj rày toagryziiagirfq nr r`j >1r` Tnx rq Iogljxjgijfnyr Kzgj u`jg `j ynab& (Robnq uj nxjlniage cngq ioctfainrjb txohfjcy'U ` a i ` ol r`jyj txohfjcy ay r`jq mjqogj? R`j Ijgrxnf Ioccarrjj ol r`jtnxrq iogyabjxy r`nr ar ay r`j xjl oxc olozx tof a r ain f yqyrjc'(Hzr tofar ainf xjloxc ay r`j ròxgajyr olayyzjy yagij ar iogijxgy r`j jyyjgranfljnrzxj ol r`j Yo|ajr Z g a o g r`jcogotofq ol tof a r ain f toujx jgkoqjb hqr`j Iocczgayr Tnxrq ngb r`j tngotfqol txa|afjejy r`nr rày jgrnafy' Xjloxcynbotrjb nr r`j >1r` Tnxrq I o x ljxj gjjnxj nacjb nr ag|aeoxnrage r`j a g y r a rzraogy ol r`j yrnrj hjeaggage uar` r`jYztxjcj Yo|ajr& n f fouage lox coxj r`naogj ingbabnrj yrngb Cx y r n r+mgb

Iogragzjb og tnej >9!


5/16


6/16

R`j ZGN ay 1:R`j Zmxnagang Gnraognf Nyyoianraog& r`j ofbjyr& fnxejyr ngb yrxogejyr

Zmxnagang lxnrjxg nf hjgjlar ag yrarzraog ag r`j uoxfb & cnxmy r`j 1:r`ngga|jxynxq ol ary lozgbage og Ljhxznxq 88 & r`j haxr`bnq ol r`j laxyrtxjyabjgr ol r`j Zgarjb Yrnrjy& Ejoxej Unyàgerog' Ar ay larrage r`nr r`jZ G N uny hoxg og r`j haxr`bnq ol (r`j lnr`jx ol ozx iozgrxq&( yagij agr`j qjnxy r`nr loffoujb& r`j Zmxnagang Gnraognf Nyyoianraog aryjfltfnqjb r`j xofj ol n lnr`jx ro Z mxnagang accaexngry ro r`jyj yòxjy ngbnfyo hjincj n lozgbage lnr`jx ol Zmxnagang Ncjxaing iocczgarq faljag r`j Zgarjb Yrnrjy' Lo x r`nr xjnyog& r`j oxenga{nraog incj ro hjmgoug ny (Hnrmo Yoqz{'(

Lxoc r`j hjeaggage& Yoqz{ uny toayjb ro nir ag r`j agrjxjyry ol arycjchjxy txo|abage lox r`jax cnrjxanf ngb ytaxarznf ujff#hjage' N rlaxyr rày cjngr yjjage ro ar r`nr cjchjxy%lncafajy uozfb `n|j jgoze`lbgby ro hzxq r j bjijnyjb ngb yjrrage zt xjnbage xoocy lox r`jjbzinraognf ngb ytaxarznf jgxai`cjgr ol r j iocczgarq' R `j ZG Nnfyo txocorjb ary cjchjxy% iogyiaozygjyy hor` ny Zmxnagangy ng bny Ncjxaingy'

Ny r`j ZG N exju& ngb r`j gjjby ngb iogijxgy ol ary cjchjxyhjincj coxj ba|jxyalajb& r`j loizy ol Z G N nira|arq i`ngejb ny ujff' Agr`j yjiogb t`nyj ol ary jpayrjgij& r`j ZG N jgiozxn ejb Zmxnagangyfa|age ag Ncjxain ro hjiocj Z' Y' iara{jgy& uàfj nr r`j yncj racjxjcagbage r`jc gor ro loxejr r` jax hxor`jxy ngb yayrjxy ag r`jòcjfngb' R`j Z G N hjeng ro txocorj r`j hzafbage ol i`zxi`jy ngbgnraognf òcjy ag r`j Z 'Y '& ny ujff ny ro yzttoxr agyrarzraogy agZmxnagj r`xoze` lagngianf iogrxahzraogy'

Gjpr ag ZG N àyroxq incj r`j bj|jfotcjgr ol ary tzhfayàgenira|arq& ary ag|of|jcjgr ag tofarainf niraogy ag r`j Zgarjb Yrnrjy& ngbary fjnbage xofj ag r`j loxcnraog ol Zmxnagangijgrxnf oxenga{nr aogyWr`j yncj racj& r`j Zmxnagang Gnraognf Nyyoianraog ytomj ozr oghj`nfl ol r`j Zmxnagang gnraog ag r`j gnra|j fngb'

Robnq& nr r`j nej ol 1:& uar` yocj 5:&444 cjchjxy ag r`j ZgarjbYrnrjy ngb Ingnbn& r`j Zmxnagang Gnraognf Nyyoianraog%y nira|arqjgioctnyyjy cqxan b lajfby; to farainf nira|arq lox r`j hjgjlar olZmxnagang Ncjxaingy ngb Zmxnagang Ingn bang y& ny ujff ny Z m x n a gangy r`xozeòzr r`j uoxfb& agifzbage Zmxnagj= tnrxognej ol r`j nxry=yzttoxr ol yiòfnxfq jgbjn|oxy= i`nxarnhfj nira|arq= tzhfainraog oltjxaobainfy& hoomy n gb or`jx agloxcnra|j cnrjxanfy= txocorao g olytoxry'

Ng b r`jxj nxj gzcjxozy hjgjlary lox ary cjchjxy& xngeage lxocbayiozgry og ZG N tzhf ainr aogy ngb niiocco bnr aogy n r r`jYoqz{a|mn xjyoxr& ro fongy& coxrenejy ngb yiòfnxyàty& ngb j|jgòzyage lox ary yjgaox cjchjxy' R`jxj nxj nfyo |nxaozy ytjianftxoexncy ngb nira|arajy ejnxjb lox r`j qozge& yjgaox iara{jgy ngb r`jag#hjrujjg nff ol uòc ioctxayj r`j cjchjxyàt ol robnq%yZmxnagang Gnraog nf Nyy oianrao g' A g yòxr& r j iogijxgy ol ary cjchjxynxj r`j iogijxgy ol r j ZG N '

Ny r`j racjy `n|j i`ngejb& r`j ZG N `ny nfun qy xjytogbjb ro r`jgjjby ngb bjyaxjy ol ary cjchjxy' R`nr ay r`j mjq ro rày lxnrjxgnfoxenga{nraog%y yziijyy' Cjchjxy ol r`j Zmxnagang iocczgarq agGoxr` Ncjxain& hq yzttoxrage r`j ZG N r`xoze` r`jax jgxoffcjgr& nxj&ag lnir& nfyo `jftage r`jcyjf|jy ngb r`jax jgraxj iocczgarq' L o x & ny r`jZ G N `ny txo|jg iozgrfjyy racjy bzxage ary 1: qjnxy ol yjx|aij roZmxnagangy& ng ag|jyrcjgr ag r`j Z G N ay ng ag|jyrcjgr a g r`jZmxnagang iocczgarq'

Rzxgage r`j tnejy hnim'''Gagjrq#la|j qjnxy neo& og Ljhxznxq 88& >012& r`j

Zmxnagang Gnraognf Nyyoianraog r`jg inffjb r`j XzymqaGnxobgqa Yoqz{! uny lozgbjb ag r`j roug ol Y`ncomag&

Tn'& n ioc czga rq r`nr nr r`j racj uny iogyabjxjb r`j coyr gnraog nffq iogyiaozyZmxnagang yjrrfjcjgr' ( % ' (+ z

R`j lozgbage cjjrage ol u`nr robnq ay mgoug ny r`j Z GN uny r`j xjyzfr oltfnggage hq lozx Inròfai txajyry @xqòxaq @xzy`mn& A|ng Mogyrngmj|qi`&Rjolng Ohzy`mj|qi` ngb Nc|xoyaq Tofangymq Uò bjiabjb r`nr n yjtnxnrjoxenga{nraog uny gjjbjb ro inxj lox r`j gjjby ol Zmxnagang accaexngry f a|age ag r`jZgarjb Yrnrjy' > .

Loffouage ay ng jpijxtr rxngyfnrjb l xoc Zmxnagang! l xoc ng niiozgr ol r`nrlozgbage cjjrage r`nr uny tzhfay`jb ag Y|ohobn og Cnxi` >& >012'

Og Ljhxznxq 88& >012& r`j yncj bnq r`nr nf f ol Ncjxai n ijfjhxnrjy r`j{pFc|`@,lqw+144& r`j Z G N `nb ynljfq ynafjbozr ol @zgenxang ngb Xzyyang unrjxyngb uny `jnbage lzff yrjnc ro unxby r`jZmxnagang yòxj' Ar uny gor ng jnyq|oqnej'

Ejgjxozyfq yzhyaba{jb hq r`j Xzyyang rynxayr eo|jxgcjgr& r`j XzyyangO x r òbop I`zxi` ag Ncjxain unyhzyafq iog|jx rage ròzyngby ol Xzyqgyro Xzyyang Oxròbopq& nxezage r`nrr`jq ujxj (xjrzxgage( ro r`j (rxzj l n a r ` (ol r`jax |jgjxnhfj loxjlnr`jxy' J|jg r`jXj|' Exjeoxq @xzy `mn& Y|ohobnWy l axyrjbarox& ljff txjq ro Xzyyang hfngbay`cjgry' R`j Z GN hnrrfjb rày agyabaozyr`xjnr u a r ` cjchjxyàt inctnaegy& r`jixjnraog ol xjnbage xoocy& ngb uar`jbaroxanfy ngb nxraifjy ag Y|ohobn nacjbnr agloxcage Xzyqgy nhozr r`jax Z m x n a gang `jxarnej'

Z`xo#Xzyqg txajyry ujxj yzhyaba{jbhq @zgenxq ngb r`j|& roo' ujxj ottoyjb r o Zm xnag anga {nra og ol Xzyqgy'Y|ohobn aozgb aryjfl ag u`nr nttjnfjb

(ro 7(n (gN|jl#jgiace yrxzeefj uar`%r`b +; jbraC 145& `j uny acc jba nrj fq cnbj ngògoxnxq cjchjx ol r j ZG N' y

Nfròze` r`j Z G N `ny nfunqy hjjgyzttoxra|j ol r`j Zmxnagang I`zxi`& ar`nyg%r nfunqy hjjg yzttoxra|j ol r`jI`zxi` àjxnxi`q' Ag >18104& r`j ZGNuar`bxju l xoc r`j Zmxnagang IogexjyyIocc arrjj u`jg r`nr oxeng gnraogincj ro hj bocagnrjb hq r`j g a f a rngrxae`r'

O|jx r`j tnyr 1: qjnxy& r` j `ny`nxbfq hjjg n yaegalaingr j|jg% ag ozxiocczgarq ag uài` r`j ZG N gny gortfnqjb n tnxncozg r xofj& l x o c r`jtxoifncnraog hq Txjyabjgr UoobxouUafyog ol (Zmxnagang Bnq( ag >1>5 ror`j ixjnraog ol r`j Zmxnagj LncagjIoccayyaog ag >102= l xoc r`j iogyrxziraog ol n Zmxnagang tn|afaog nr r`jIàineo Uoxfb%y Lnax ag >199 ro r`jjxjiraog ol r`j Rnxny Y`j|i`jgmo yrnrzja g Unyàgerog ag >112> ro r`j ixjnraog ol ni`nax ag Zmxnagang àyroxq nr @nx|nxbZga|jxyarq ag >1100& uj ijfjhxnrjb r`j rxazct` oln xjfaeao#izfrzxnf |ayaog' Ag >101& ujijfjhxnrj r`j r x a r a x x at` ol ng Wr`ghlrn+#%raognf x n j n f ; c W aZ|)


7/16

J r ` g a i y n e n a g Z m x n a g a n g t x o y j n g b t o j r x q ; Y n c i ` z m n g b Y f n | z r q i `hq Bx' Uofobqcqx R' [qfn

R`j rjxc (ynen( goxcnffq bjgorjy fjejgbnxq ngbàyroxainf cnrjxanf ag uài` r`j nzròx nrrjctry ngacneagnra|j xjiogyrxziraog ol r`j tnyr niioxbage roijxrnag njyr`jrai txagiatfjy' Ar ay zyznffq n yroxq ol exjnrioctfjparq ngb xai`gjyy uài` ifjnxfq xjlfjiry `zcngyrxjger`y ngb ujnmgjyyjy'

N yacafnx lzgiraog ay `jxj nyyaegjb ro r`j rjxc(jr`gai ynen( uài` ag ary lairaognf cngaljyrnraog ay olàyroxainf oxaeag ngb& ny yzi`& fjgby aryjfl jnyafq ro|nxqage agrjxtxjrnraogy' Ag n hxonbjx yjgyj& òuj|jx& aray n iog|jxejgij ol ` ayroxainf& coxnf ngb farjxnxqiogijxgy nxozgb r`j farjxnxq `jxo uò ay yjnxiàge loxyziijyy' +

Yzi` jr`gai yneny nxj r`j yroxajy ol ioccog cjguò& ag n yrxngej& gju fngb& rxq ro ixoyy r`j nhqyyyjtnxnrage r`jax ncharaogy lxoc r`jax cjngy ro nrrnagr`jc ag oxbjx ro xjnt r j xjunxb lox r`jax aggnrj yrxoge~znfarajy'

Ruo uxarjxy uò jpijf ag r`j ixjnraog ol jr`gai ynenyag Zmxnagang farjxnrzxj nxj Z fny Ync i`zm >14:#>105!ngb Q nx Yfn|zrqi` h' >1>0!'

Zfny Ynci`zm uny n txoyj uxarjx uò iogrxahzrjbczi` ro r`j bj|jfotcjgr ol r`j Zmxnagang go|jf' @ayrxafoeq (\ofqg( \of`qgan& >198#95! ay txohnhfq àycoyr yaegalaingr uoxm lxoc r`j farjxnxq |aju toagr= arolljxy n xjnfayrai tairzxj ol r`j txo|ag ianf falj uar` aryagrjxjyry& tnyyaogy& ncharaogy ngb rxneai yrxzeefj' R`jnzròx%y bjbainraog ro ày ixnlr ngb r`j nzrohaoexntàinf lfn|ox cnmj rày jtai rnfj n yziijyy' @ay yzhyj~zjgruoxmy nxj fjyy nzrohaoexntàinf ngb bjnf coxj gjnxfquar` abjny' @j nfyo yziijyylzffq uxarjy nhozr Ingnbangngb Ncjxai ng r`jcjy'

Q nx Yfn|zrqi` ay n tojr ngb yiò fnx ol fngeznej ngbfarjxnrzxj' @ay gagj ioffjiraogy ol tojrxq xjlfjir àyexour`& ngb r`jq `n|j nfxjnbq yjizxjb lox àc n tfnijag Zmxnagang farjxnrzxj'@ay fqxaiy ngb jtaiy yòu exjnroxaeagnfarq' Ròze` `j ay n rxnbaraognfayr& `j xjytjiryxjnfarq= ày uay` ay |jxq yactfj; `j ungry ro fjn|jyocjràge coxj tjxcngjgr& yocjràge r`nr uaff xj|jnfày tjxyognfarq ag n àyroxainf yjgyj' N gb lxoc ràybjyaxj iocjy r`j otracayc r`nr ay yo i`nxnirjxayrai olày ixjnra|arq' / ?;

Hor` ol r`jyj nzròxy `n|j ixjnrjb ytfjgbabjpnctfjy ol jr`gai yneny' Zfny Ynci`zm& ag(YfabncqTaogjxa|(Ag r`j Looryrjty ol r`j Taogjjxy!& ngb Qn xYfn|zrqi`& ag (R`j Iog~zjxoxy ol r`j Txnaxajy&( zyjàyroxainf cnrjxanf ngb farjxnxq rji`ga~zjy r`nrzfracnrjfq iogrxahzrj ro r`j cjngagelzfgjyy ol r`j ynen'R`j ruo txjyjgrnraogy olljx acneagnra|j xjiogyrxziraogy ol r`j tnyr ngb nxj jyyjgranffq xjnfayrai hzr bjjtfqtjxcjnrjb uar` njyr`jrai jfjcjgry'

Ynci`zm%y uoxm ay n txolozgb ngb ioctxj`jgya|jtoxrxnqnf ol r`j àyroxainf& tyqiòfoeainf ngb coxnftxohfjcy lnijb hq Zmxnagang accaexngry ag r`jax~zjyr ro niàj|j n eoob falj ag gju yzxxozgbagey' @ayuoxm hjeagy uar` r`j laxyr Zmxnagang accaexngry'R`jyj accaexngry ujxj ag coyr inyjy affarjxnrj= r`jqujxj gor nfunqy j|jg yzxj ol r`jax gnraognfarq' Hzr& agfo|j uar` r`jax= izyrocy& yogey ngb fngeznej& r`jq fjlrr`jax ba|abjb ngb yzhkzenrjb iozgrxq hjinzyj oljiogocai ballaizfrajy ngb xjtxjyyaog'

(R`jq ujxj r`j zg`nttajyr ol nff accaexngry r`nrincj ro Ncjxain&( uxorj F z m n Cqy`z`n' R`jqixoyyjb r`j yjn ngb incj ro n fngb r`jq `nb `nxbfqj|jg `jnxb ol hjloxj' R`jq fjlr r`j tfnijy u`jxj r`jq`nb fa|jb lox ijgrzxajy ngb ujgr ro (r`j jgb ol r`juoxfb( foomage lox n coxj ln|oxnhfj lnrj' Go ogjinxjb lox r`jc' R`jax iocage ro Ncjxain unyniiabjgrnf& zgiooxbagnrjb ngb bogj uaròzr ngqtxj|aozy tfnggage'

R`j accaexngr tojr Yn|n I`nxgjrymqa& iogrjctfnrage ày oug bjtnxrzxj lxoc ày gnra|j iozgrxq& uxorj;Fjn|age cq fngb ag bjytnaxNgb ynafage ro zgmgoug bayrngr tfnijy&A ljfr tnag ag cq `jnxr ngb hzxgage rjnxyUnrjxjb cq jqjy ngb cq lnij'>

Yfn|zrqi`%y ynen& (R`j Iog~zjxoxy ol r`j Txnaxajy&(og r`j or`jx `ngb& bjnfy uar` r`j cobjxg iog~zjxoxy

Bx' Uofobqcqx R' [qfn ay txoljyyox jcjxarzy olYfn|ai fngeznejy ngb farjxnrzxjy nr Rjpny Rji`Zga|jxyarq' R`j nxraifj nho|j uny oxaeagnffqtzhfay`jbag Cjfzy& n kozxgnf bj|orjb ro r`j yrzbq ol czfrajr`gai farjxnrzxj ol r`j Zgarjb Yrnrjy& ngb ay ngjptngbjb |jxyaog ol n yiòfnxfqtntjx bjfa|jxjb hq r`jnzròx'Uj tzhfay` r`jtntjx ag rày ayyzj ol R`j ZmxnagangUjjmfq ag niioxbngij uar` Bx' [qfn%y uay` r`nr ar hjbjbainrjb ro r`j Zmxnagang Gnraognf Nyyoianraog ogr`j oiinyaog ol ary 1:r` ngga|jxynxq& m = A ;

ol r`j Ingnbang txnaxajy uò hxoze`r r`j uafbjxgjyyol r`j Ujyr ag rozi` uar` ia|afa{nraog& uò rzxgjb r jloxjyry agro uabj lajfby ngb fnab r`j lozgbnraogy lox ngju falj' R`j q nxj otjlzf ngb bjrjxcagjb i`nxnirjxyuò uoxm lxoc yzgzt ro yzgboug& ngb izr rxnafyr`xoze` r`j uafbjxgjyy' R`jq nxj;Gor Ioxrjyjy lxoc yocj foge#hqeogj bnq&Gor jctaxjy% cagaogy exnhhage uaròzr fjn|j&hzr yactfj accaexngry agytaxjb hq r`j òtj r`nr r`jax(`zchfj tfoze` uar` òcj#cnbj yrjjf( uaff i`ngejr`j uafbjxgjyy ngb uaff'''fjr r`j lncjb Tobaffang u`jnr faj r`jxjAg r`j hfnim fnt ol toxozy jnxr` agyrjnb'Ngb ar `nttjgjb r`nr unq& r`jax'''nxcy bxo|j xonby r`xoze` uoobjb fngb ny r`jqUoxmjb raxjfjyyfq lox Ingnbn%y xjgoug'

Ag hor` inyjy ogj ohyjx|jy r`j `nxbyàty oltaogjjxage falj= gjar`jx nzròx bjnfy uar` jctrq`zcng hjagey& ox uar` r`jax inxainrzxjy' R`jaxi`nxnirjxy nxj xjnf& xaeoxozyfq eo|jxgjb hq coxnfjpaejgiajy& ngb nxj zgi`ngeage& go cnrrjx u`nr r`jaxyoianf iogbaraogy nxj' R`j yneny% r`jcj yjjcy yactfj&hzr& yagij ar ay rxjnrjb uar` oxaeagnfarq& ar hjiocjyagrjxjyrage ngb iog|agiage' Gjar`jx uoxm ay jnyqxjnbage' Hor` hjiocj coxj ioctfjp ny r`jq txoexjyy'Nfròze` r`jq fnim r`j rxnbaraognf jtai yujjt& r`jqio|jx cngq qjnxy ol r`j Zmxnagang jr`gai exozt%yballaizfr ngb yaegalaingr bj|jfotcjgr' R`j nzròxy nxjxjnfayrai ag r`jax ixara~zjy ol falj& hzr r`jq yaczfrngjozyfq zgbjxyioxj r`j |axrzozy ngb cjxaroxaozyyziijyyjy ol Zmxnagang accaexngry& ngb jct`nya{j r`jfnyrage jlljiry ol r`j accaexngry% jptjxajgijy'

Ynci`zm%y uoxfb jcjxejy uar` r`j rxzj i`nxnirjxayraiy ol n ynen ngb iogragzjy r`nr unq r`xozeòzr'R`j uxarjx yjjy hjnzrq ag r`j taogjjxy% jptjxajgijy aguài` r`j txjyjgr ay rjctoxnxafq baytfnijb hqtoxrxnqnfy ol r`j tnyr' R`j uoxm lfouy nfoge ruotfngjy; og ogj Ync i`zm bjtairy Ncjxain%y bj|jfotcjgr= og r`j or`jx& `j toxrxnqy r`j Zmxnagang yjrrfjxyuò lozgb r`jax tfnijy ngb hjincj ogj uar` r`jNcjxaing tjotfj'

R`j coyr agrjxjyrage tnxr ol r`j uoxm oiizxy u`jxj`j bjyixahjy r`j hzafbage ol r`j gju uoxfb ag uài` ntjxyog jgkoqy lxjjboc ro yòu ày ixjnra|j nhafarajy agr`j jiogocai ngb tofarainf yt`jxjy qjr txjyjx|jy àyoxaeagnf gnraognf abjgrarq' R`zy Ynci`zm%y loxczfnraog ol rày txohfjc xjcagby zy r`nr `j hjfaj|jy agNcjxain= hq hzafbage n exjnr ing|ny ol j|jgry `jixjnrjy ng acneagnra|j ytnij ngb n lairaognf yàjfb rotxorjir r`j agrjexarq ol r`j taogjjxy% bjjby uàfjixjnrage ozr ol r`jc n ynen lox toyrjxarq'

Ynci`zm fo|jy Ncjxain ngb ay jgr`zyanyc ay hor`lxjy` ngb yagijxj& bairnrjb hq ày cagb ngb yzttoxrjbhq ày bjjt ljjfagey' @j rxajy ro bjtair j|jxqràgeuài` nttjnfy ro ày yozf' @j foomy nr Ncjxain lxoccngq toyyahfj ngefjy= `j bjtairy ary àyroxq& tàfoyot`q ngb jiogocq= `j foomy nr ary yoianf ngb tofarainffalj' Ngb `j ~zorjy nhzgbngrfq lxoc Ncjxaingnzròxy ro bjcogyrxnrj ày |aju' @ay uoxm jchobajyr`j xjyzfr ol inxjlzf yrzbajy ol Zmxnagang Ncjxaing faljngb ol jprjgya|j rxn|jfage r`xoze` r`j Ncjxaing Jnyrngb Ujyr' A g (Yfabncq Taog jxa|( `j uxarjy;

(R`j cnag ràge A ungr ro mgou ay u`nr ozxtoyyahafarajy nxj ny ioctnxjb ro u`nr cq jqjy yjj ngbu`nr cq cagb tjxija|jy' Uj ungr ro falr ozxyjf|jyàe`jx& tjx`nty xjniàge r`j yzccary& ag oxbjx rohjiocj actxjegnrjb uar` r`j ytaxar ol r`j exjnrgjyy olr`j ]NcjxaingS unq ol falj&

(Ngb r`jg ro xjtjnr rày ag uoxby' Uj ungr rojptxjyy ozx ohyjx|nraogy ag n hjrrjx unq yo r`nr r`jquaff hj coxj cjngagelzf ngb uaff co|j''' ]r`jaccaexngryS ro exjnrjx yziijyy'(

Rày ay n hjfajl uài` Ynci`zm txocorjy nyyabzozyfq' @j foomy nr Ncjxain ny ng jpnctfj ol u`nr n`zcng hjage ing bo u`jg `j ay lxjj' L o x r`nr xjnyog `jtoxrxnqy inxjlzffq r`j Ncjxaing ytaxar& hjfajly ngbzgfacarjb ixjnra|j toyyahafarajy' @j ytjnmy uar`nbcaxnraog nhozr r`j Ncjxaing bxjnc' @j j|jg |ajuyNcjxaing nxiàrjirzxj ny ng jpnctfj ol u`nr ing hjniàj|jb hq `zcng hjagey uò nxj lxjj ro ixjnrj'

Ogj czyr uogbjx òu r`j Zmxnagang accaexngryljfr nhozr Ncjxain u`jg r`jq laxyr ynu yzi` exjnrniàj|jcjgry ny r`jq jgiozgrjxjb ag Gju Q o x m 'Yzxjfq r`jq ujxj yzxtx ayjb ngb lnijb r`jc uar`nyrogay`cjgr' Hzr ny Yfn|z rqi` uxarjy ag (Iog~zjxoxy&( r`jq ujxj nfyo bjrjxcagjb ro hjiocj n tnxrol yo i`nffjgeage n txoijyy;

Ngb hoxgj og eofbjg uagey r`j `nx|jyry iocj&Bxnug ro r`jax bjyragnraog ny hq ràxyr'Ro ozx Zmxnagang tfoze`y& ògox ngb lncj;Ingnbn%y fngby qoz otjgjb lxoc r`j laxyr.

Xjnbjxy cnq yjj exjnr tyqiòfoeainf i`ngejy agr`jyj yneny' R`j Zmxnagang yjrrfjxy hjiocj ng agrjexnftnxr ol r`j Ncj xaing ngb Ingnbang ixjnra|j unq olfalj' R`jq hjeag y`nxage r`j t`jgocjgog ol hzafbager`j gju uoxfb' Qjr& nr r`j yncj racj& u`jxj|jx r`jqyjrrfj& r`jq cnagrnag r`jax jr`go#gnraognf agrjexarqngb ixjnrj n yjiogb òcjfngb lox r`jcyjf|jy'

Ag ng jyynq rarfjb (Zmxnagang Iàineo; R`j Cnmageol m Gnraognfarq Exozt ag Ncjxain&( Cqxog H'Mzxotny uxarjy; (Ar ay `jxj ag Ncjxain r`nr Zmxnagangagyrarzraogy `n|j lfozxay`jb& ngb ar ay `jxj r`nrZmxnagang rxnbaraogy `n|j yzx|a|jb lox lozx ejgjxnraogy' Al ogj ujxj nymjb& r`jxjloxj& ro yzccnxa{j r`jZmxnagang Ncjxain g jptjxajgij a g n hxajl yrnrjcjgr&r`nr yrnrjcjgr uozfb hj %r`j bj|jfotcjgr ngbtxjyjx|nraog ol Zmxnagangayc'% ( N yacafnx txoijyyrnmjy tfnij ag Ingnbn& u`jxj ag Yfn|zrqi`%y ynen r`jiog~zjxoxy xjrnag rjgniaozyfq n txolozgb iogyiaozygjyy ol r`j abjgrarq ngb `jxarnej uaràg r`j Ingnbangcoynai ol tjotfjy& hzr gj|jxr`jfjyy iogrxahzrj ro r`jixjnraog ol n ioccog Ingnbang izfrzxj;Ro ujyr ngb jnyr r`j tfoze`cjg eo ro roaf&R`jax loortxagry xjbofjgr ol eoob hfnim yoaf R`jq hxae`rjg bayrngij ny uar` hxngi` ngb hfooc=Ag r`jc lnraezj%y xjexjry ing lagb go xooc '

R`jax uoxfb hjiocjy ogj ag uài` uoxm ngb xjyr nxjzga~zjfq zgarjb& ngb ar lfny`jy agunxb ngb ozrunxbtxobziage ng aggjx bjtr`& n yrnrj ro uài` nff faljnb|ngijy' Yfn|zrqi`%y tfoucjg nxj iogytaizozyfqcjg ol r`j tnyr ngb ol r`j txjyjgr& uòyj bjjby nxjaglfzjgijb hq hor`' R`jax actzfyjy ngb tyqiòfoeainfozrhzxyry xjlfjir r`j actnir ol r`j tnyr ngb r`j txjyjgrztog r`jc'

U`nr ay yrxamage& òuj|jx& ay r`nr Ynci`zm ngbYfn|zrqi` zyj r`j yncj nxrayrai fngbyintjy uài `& algor eo|jxgjb hq jpnirfq r`j yncj àyroxaio#ixarainfnyyzctraogy& nxj cnxmjbfq nfamj ag r`jax iogrjgr' Horùxarjxy jptfoxj r`j hoxbjxfagj xjnfc ol r`j uoxfb ol r`jaccaexngr& ngb lox hor` ol r`jc accaexngr falj ay ntyqiòfoeainf iogyrxzir ny ujff ny n txokjirjb oxxnr`jx iogkjirzxjb jprjxgnf uoxfb' R`jq hor` yjjr`j accaexngry ny bayragir àyroxainf tjotfj uar` nbayragir nyyaegcjgr r`nr r`jq `n|j ro tjxloxc' R`jtoyyahafarq ol r`jyj ngnfoeajy yzttoxry r`j abjn r`nrYnci`zm%y ngb Yfn|zrqi`%y uoxmy nxj yrxzirzxnffq r`jhjeaggage ol r`j exjnr ynen ol accaexnraog'

Rày actxjyyaog ay hoxgj ozr gnxxnra|jfq ag horùoxmy& hzr Ynci`zm%y nyyaegcjgr ay czi` `nxbjx r`ngYfn|zrqi`%y' R`zy& ag Ynci`zm%y (Yfabncq Taogjxa|&(`j zyjy yzi` |nxaozy nxrayrai cjngy ny r`j jyynq&xjtoxrage& àyroxainf jptfoxnraog& rxnbaraognf yroxajy&cjcoaxy ngb nxrayrai txoyj' Ngb `j lzyjy r`jyj |nxaozyejgxjy uar` nff r`j ymaffy ol ng jptjxajgijb uxarjx& ngb&ro n ijxrnag jprjgr& `j ay yziijyylzf' @ouj|jx& u`jg ayuoxm ay ioctnxjb uar` Yfn|zrqi`%y tojrai jfnhoxnraog&ar agj|arnhfq yzlljxy lxoc roo czi` ioctfjparq' Arxjrnagy ary àyroxainf ngb bjyixatra|j jfjcjgry hzr ayyjjg gor ro hj ngnfqrainf' Ròze` Ynci`zm yòuyrnyrj ngb ng nxrayrai nttxoni` ny ujff ny yiòfnxyàt agr`j yjfjiraog ol ày cnrjxanf ngb ag ag|arage ày xjnbjxro jgkoq ar njyr`jrainffq& `j bojy gor bayizyy ary nxrayrai~znfarajy'

Yfn|zrqi`& og r`j or`jx `ngb& hjiocjy |ayaognxq' A gày uoxm r`j toox yjrrfjxy nxj jfj|nrjb ro r`jiog~z jxoxy ol r`j exjnr xjnfc niijyyahfj ogfq ro`jxojy' Ag mjjtage uar` rày agrjgraog& ay ijgrxnf loizyag og r`j iog~zjxoxy% xjfnraogyàt ro Ingnbn& ngb ràyay u`jxj r`j zfracnrj |nfzj xjyabjy' @ouj|jx& r`jr`xzyr ol r`j nxezcjgr ay ol n ynen#rqtj uar` àbbjgabjgrarq& ròze` uar` ng oh|aozy balljxjgij agtjxloxcngij' R`j acnejy nxj rxnbaraognf ngb rjgb roi`ngej lxoc foinf iogijxgy ro ~zjyraogy ol lnx#xjniàgeactoxrngij' R`zy uj oze`r ro cjnyzxj Yfn|zrqi`%ynxrayrai yziijyy hq r`j ~zjyraogy `j txo|omjy;( L o x gor ag |nag A fjlr hjàgbCq gnra|j& bayrngr @nfqi`&R`nr A& ag lajfby ol ljxrafj fngby&Bayio|jxjb lxjjboc%y ozrxjni`'''((Eoobhqj.( (Nbajz.( Ngb Ko`g ngb Kjng@nb tajxijb r`j txnaxaj lxnexngij&R`jax looryrjty jnyrunxb. Yrnqjb A|ng&

Iogragzjb og tnej >8 !+ Yn|n I`nxgjrymqa& (Yzi`nyga[ò|gaxq&( Nff rxngyfnraogynxj cagj jpijxtr u`jxj or`jxuayj agbainrjb'


8/16

Agrjx|ajuYztxjcj Txjyabjgr Ko`g 4' Lfayxjlfjiry ztog r`j ZGN nr 1:

Yztxjcj Txjyabjgr Ko`g O' Lfay nr àybjym nr r j ZGN jnb~znxrjxy'R`j loffouage ay n rxngyfnraog lxocZmxnagang ol n xjijgr agrjx|aju uar`Ko`g O' Lfay& yztxjcj txjyabjgr ol r`jZmxnagang Gnraognf Nyyoianraog& iog#bzirjb hq Y|ohobn jbarox Of`n Mz{#couqi{' R`j agrjx|aju nttjnxy ag r`j>101 ZGN Nfcngni& R`j loizy ol r`jagrjx|aju ag|of|jy r`j yztxjcj txjya

bjgr%y xjlfjiraogy ztog r`j 1:r` ngga|jxynxq ol r`j ZGN' Ag ozx gjpr ruoayyzjy; agrjx|ajuy uar` Yztxjcj Yjixjrnxq Unfrjx Yoi`ng ngb Yztxjcj Rxjnyzxjx Zfngn Bani`zm'U`nr bo qoz iogyabjx ro hj r`jZGN%y exjnrjyr ni aj|jcjgr ag ary 1:#qjnx ayroxq?Laxyr& A ràgm r`nr ozx exjnrjyr niàj

|jcjgr ag r`j fnyr >4 qjnxy& yagij Ahjincj yztxjcj txjyabjgr& ay uaggager`j ioctfjrj lnar` ol r`j ZG N cjchjxyàt ngb r`j uòfj iocczgarq ag r`jYztxjcj Jpjizra|j Ioccarrj j ngb r`jYztxjcj Nyyjchfq'

@ou foge `n|j qoz uoxmjb lox r jZGN ngb ag u`nr toyaraogy?

Laxyr A yjx|jb lox >9 qjnxy ny r`j `jnbol r` j Gju Q o x m Bayrxair Ioccarrjj&

`jxj A mjtr ng ollaij ny ng nrroxgjq'Lxoc r`nr toyaraog ag >1 uny jfjirjb`naxcng ol r`j ZG N iog|jgraog ag

Gju Q o x m ' A uny r`j i`naxcng ol nf f r`jof fouage iog|jgraogy z g r a f >152& u`j gA uny jfjirjb |aij#txjyabjgr ro Koyjt`Fjynuqjx'

Bzxage rày iog|jgraog exjnr baytnxarajy ag r j |orj iozgr nttjnxjb& ngbr`jxjloxj c q l axyr nyyaegcjgr ny |aij#xjyabjgr uny ro txjtnxj |orage cniàjy r`nr ujxj jctfoqjb nr r`j 81ròg|jgraog ag >150& u`jg A uny l axyr

cjngy ay r`nr A%|j hjjg (yzlljxage( agày toya raog lox >4 qjnxy gou'Gou tfjnyj rjff zy u`nr qoz hjfaj|j ayozx exjnrjyr niioctfay cjgr ag r`j

>4 qjnxy& ngb ag ejgjxnf ag r j fnyr 89jnxy ol uoxmage lox r j ZG N ngb r jmxnagang iocczgarq?Ar ay bal l aizf r ro ngyujx rày ~zjyraogA nfogj #aljozfb gor `n|j hjjg nhfj ro

ngqr` age ua ròzr r` j or`jx

cjchjxy ol r`j Yztxjcj Nyyjchfq&ngb jytjianffq c q ifoyjyr io#uox mjxy agr`j Yztxjcj Jpjizra|j Iocc arrjj' Agr`jyj fnyr >4 qjnxy r`j ZGN `ny exougag ujnfr` n g b txjyraej u a r ` a g o z xiocczgarq' R`j Zmxnagang iocczgarq`ny yjjg r`nr r`j ZG N ay nfunqy xjnbqro bjljgb a ry agrjxjyry& ny u j f f r`jujflnxj ol r`j jgraxj iocczgarq& ng br`jxjloxj gou ozx ixaraiy czyr hj (o gnfjxr( ny ro u`nr& u`jg ng b òu r`jqytjnm.

U nr uny qozx coyr ynraylqage xjytogyahafarq ny yztxjcj txjyabjgr?Ar yjjcy r`nr r`j fnrjyr cjjrage ol r`j

Yztxjcj Jpjizra|j Ioccarrjj ngb r`jYztxjcj Nyyjchfq& uài` lox r`j fnyryap qjnxy `n|j hjjg `jfb ag lzf f `nxcogq& lxajgbyàt ng b `n|j foge xjrxjnrjb l xoc ròyj rzczfrzozy cayzgbjxyrngbagey uài` room tfnij ag jnxfajxqjnxy' Gou ar%y n xjnf tfjnyzxj ro xzgr`jc'

U`nr bo qoz ràgm ay r`j coyractoxrngr ro bo ag r j gjpr la|j qjnxy yor nr r j ZGN ing cnxm ary ijgrjgganf agn baegalajb cnggjx?R`j coyr actoxrngr eonf ay gor ogfq

ro yjizxj r` j eoob xjtzrnraog ol ozxagyrarzraog u a r ` a g r` j Zmxnagang iocczgarq& hzr ar ay nfyo actjxnra|j r`nr ujytxjnb a r ncoge Ncjxaing ngb Ingnbang iara{jgy& hjinzyj r`jyj iozgrxajyngb r`jax tofaraiy in g `jft zy & Z m x n a gangy& coyr o l n f f ag o z x gnr aogn fnytaxnraogy' @jxj ag cq otagaog& ngzgzyznffq a cto xrng r xofj ag r`j gjpr ljuqjnxy ing hj tfnqjb hq ozx Unyàgerog ollaij& ng b robnq uj inggor j|jghjeag ro acneagj r` j ioctfjrj yaegalaingij ol yzi` ng ollaij ngb ar y uoxm'

Hjyabjy rày& r` j ZG N yòzfb nfyotxjtnxj aryjfl ag n baegalajb cnggjx loxyzi` ng ngga|jxynxq& ny ary jpayrjgij lox>44 qjnxy' Ogj ol r`j coyr actoxrngrtnxry ol rày txjtnxnraog lox ozx ijgrjgganf ay r`j ioffjiraog ngb txjyjx|nraog olnf f r`j magby ol Z G N nira|arq ol r`j fnyr>44 qjnxy& a r y uoxm n g b r`nr ol a rycjchjxyàt hor` f a | a g e n g b bjnb&uài` hxoze`r nhozr r`j yziijyy ol ozxoxenga{nraog& ngb& nr r`j yncj racj&r`xoze` zy lox r`j yziijyy ol r`j Z m x n a gang iocczg arq ngb lox r`j bjljgyj olr`j eoob Zmxnagang gncj' Rày ay ozxòfq xjytogyahafarq.

U nr bo qoz r agm nhozr r j jptngyaog ol r`j ZGN ag Ingnbn? Bo qozhjfaj|j ar ay gjijyynxq ag r j lzrzxj?Ar ay gor ogfq gjjbjb& hzr ar ay ac

tjxnra|j ngb toyyahfj& ngb r`j bjgyarq olZmxnagangy cnq |jxq ujff nab ag rày'Laxyr ol nf f & uj uozfb `n|j ro iog|agijozx Ingnbang hxo r`jxy r`jxj& r`nr r` jZ G N ay loxjcoyr n Zmxnagang agyrarzr a o g & ngb gor ng Ncjxaing ox Ingnbang ogj' Ogij rày ay tjxljirfq ifjnx&r`jg o z x io#uoxmjxy o g Ingnbangrjxxaroxq ing yjxaozyfq hjeag r`jax uoxmro jyrnhfay` r` j ZGN ag fagj uar` ròyjagyrarzraogy& uài` yjx|j Zmxnagangy&u`jxjj|jx r`jq cae`r fa|j' @jxj& eoobua f f ay gjjbjb& ngb l a x y r ol n ff ar ayactoxrngr ro ejr xab ol rày bayzgarq&uài` robnq jpayry ncoge ogj exoztngb ngor`jx exozt'

U`nr hxngi` o l qozx uoxm bo qozràgm ay coyr actoxrngr ag r`j lzrzxj?

a g r` j ZG N r`jxj nxj go coyr ac#Iogragzjb og tnej >>!

N lxnrjxgnf yixnthoom; efactyjy ol l /)

Bjfjenrjy ro r j >4r` ZGN iog|jgraog ag T afnbjft an enr jx lox n tòro'

N |aju ol r j Cnag @ozyj nr r j ZGN%y ztyrnrj Gju Qoxm xjyoxr& Yoqz{a|mn'

I afbxjg nr ogj ol r j cngq yzccjx incty `jfb nr Yoqz{a|mn'

ZGN yjgaoxy nr r jax nggznf iogljxjgij `jfb nr r j ZGN jyrnrj'


9/16

ZGN%y cqxanb nira|arajy Txoifncnraog ol ZGN%y1:r` ngga|jxynxq qjnxAr ay ozx txa|afjej ngb tfjnyzxj ro xjcagb nff cjchjxy& hxngi jy ngbbayrxairy ol r j ZGN& r nr rày qjnx ozx nyyoianraog ay ijfjhxnrage ary 1:r`ngga|jxynxq& n cafjyrogj ag ozx lxnrjxgnf jpayrjgij'Hjinzyj r j ZGN ny hjjg xjytogyahfj lox czfrarzbjgnf lxnrjxgnf yjx|aijy

xjgbjxjb lox ozx cjchjxy& lox ozx iozgrxajy ol xjyabjgij& ngb lox ozxZmxnagang inzyj& ngbHjinzyj r j ZGN& r xoze nxb uoxm ngb bafaejgij& ny laxcfq jyrnhfay jbary xjtzrnraog ag banytoxn ngb `ny txo|jg ary bjtjgbnhafarq& ary xjfanhafarq ngbary agrjexarq r xoze r j ag|nfznhfj lxnrjxgnf yjx|aijy ar `ny xjgbjxjb o|jxr jyj 1: qjnxy&Gou& r jxjloxj& r j Yztxjcj Jpjizra|j Ioccarrjj ol r j ZGN yrxogefqzxejy nff cjchjxy& hxngi`jy ngb bayrxairy ro yzarnhfq ioccjcoxnrj r ay 1:rngga|jxynxq ol r`j lozgbage ol r`j ZGN hq ytogyoxage nttxotxanrjiogijxry& hng~zjry ngb or jx ioccjcoxnra|j txoexncy& uar bjyjx|jbògoxy hjage jnxcnxmjb lox ozx ZGN taogjjxy uò `nb roafjb ag r j ZGNlxnrjxgnf xngmy bzxage r jyj 1: qjnxy& lox r j eoob ol ozx cjchjxy& lox r jeoob ol ozx iozgrxajy ol xjyabjgij& ngb lox r j eoob ol ozx Zmxnagang inzyj'Yztxjcj Jpjizra|j IoccarrjjZMXNAGANG GNRAOGNF NYYOIANRAOG

R jg \aij#Txjyabjgr Ejoxej Hzy nbbxjyyjy ZGN iog|jgraog'

Baynyrjx

C @ A A ' A C \ Z Y

R j Cnxzgi nm Zmxnagang Bngijxy nxj ncoge r j cngq exozty uò exnijb yrnejynr ZGN#ytogyoxjb j|jgry' Ncoge r j hoomy cnbj toyyahfj hq exngry lxoc r j ZGN nxj r`j ruo nho|j'

R j ofb ngb r j gju; r j ZGN%y `jnb~znxrjxy hzafbagey ag Kjxyjq Iarq& G'K'


10/16

ZMXNAGANG AGBJTJGBJGIJ BNQ KNGZNXQ 88& >101Unyàgerog

U N Y @ A G E R O G N ioccjcoxnra|j iogijxr ro ijfjhxnrj r`j ngga|jxynxqol Zmxnagj%y agbjtjgbjgij uny ytogyoxjb og Kngznxq 80& hq r`j ZmxnagangNyyoianraog ol Unyàgerog Z N U ! '

Qzxa Y`qcmo& xjijgrfq jfjirjb `jnbol r`j Uoxfb Iogexjyy ol Lxjj Zmxnagangy U I L Z ! ngb loxcjx cjchjx olr`j Ingnbang Tnxfancjgr& uny r`jmjqgorj ytjnmjx'

R`j txoexnc& jfb nr 2 t'c' ag Ofgjq&ng ozrfqage Cnxqfngb yzhzxh& unynrrjgbjb hq nhozr 8:4 tjotfj' Uofobqcqx Bjci`zm& txjyabjgr ol r`jZ N U & hxajlfq agrxobzijb r`j iogijxruar` xjljxjgijy ro r`j yaegalaingij ol r`jngga|jxynxq ol Zmxnagj%y agbjtjgbjgijngb n inff ro r`j Zmxnagang iocczgarqro zgalq aryjfl hjàgb r`j abjnfy loze`rlox 54 qjnxy neo ag Zmxnagj'

7 Ngqn Bqbqm#Tjrxjgmo& n hxonbinyrjx lox r`j \oaij ol Ncjxain%y ZmxnagangHxngi`& uny cayrxjyy ol ijxjcogajy loxr`j xjcnagbjx ol r`j txoexnc'

Ncoge r`j o|jx 944 nrrjgbjjy ujxjZmxnagang Inròfai Hayòt Cai`njfMzi`canm ngb ng 05#qjnx#ofb |jrjxngol Tjrfazxn%y nxcq& Ngbxaq Gj`xjhjrymq'

Ag r`j otjgage yrnrjcjgr ol àyhafageznf txjyjgrnraog& Cx' Y`qcmogorjb r`j axogq ol robnq%y uoxfb aguài` ytnij rxn|jf ay toyyahfj& r`j nroc`ny hjjg ytfar& ngb r`j `jae`ry olrji`gofoeainf xjyjnxi` ag cngq lajfbynxj uaràg yae`r& qjr ogj#lalr` ol r`juoxfb%y totzfnraog bojy gor fa|j aglxjjboc ngb ay gor eznxngrjjb hnyai`zcng ngb gnraognf xae`ry'

C x' Y`qcmo nttjnfjb ro Zmxnagangyj|jxqu`jxj lox n cohafa{nraog ol r`jytaxar hjloxj r`j rjyr ol àyroxq' Cx'Y`qcmo gorjb r`nr r`j jxn ol efnygoyrngb tjxjyrxoamn ag r`j Z Y Y X `nyhxoze`r cngq i`ngejy ag r`j Yo|ajrZgaog hzr r`nr r`jxj ay yraff lnx ro eo'

U`jg ar iocjy ro yjjage ro ar r`nrxjtxjyyaog ay falrjb& `j ynab& r j uoxfbyòzfb gor hj ynraylajb uar` `nfl cjnyzxjy lxoc rornfarnxang xjeacjy& yzi` nyinffage ar txoexjyy u`jg (n inggahnf zyjyn mgalj ngb loxm'(

Iarage Qj|`jgY|jxyrazm%y xjljxjgij ror`j (`nxb racj ol r`j rxanf( uj czyr lnij&C x' Y`qcmo ynab r`j xjtxjyyaog ag r`jZ Y Y X ngb jytjianffq ag Zmxnagj iogragzjy bjytarj efnygoyr ngb tjxjyrxoamn'

Iàineo@j nyyjxrjb r`nr r`j U I L Z yzttoxryr`j toyaraog ol r`j Zmxnagang @jfyagma

Zgaog nenagyr r`j òfbage ol ng agrjxgnraognf `zcng xae`ry iogljxjgij agCoyiou ag >11>' Lzxr`jxcoxj& `j ynabr`nr `j inffy ztog Coyiou ro ioxxjir nf fYo|ajr gog#ioctfangij ngb fntyjy ag r`jyt`jxj ol `zcng ngb xjfaeaozy xae`ry hqr`j qjnx >114' Ncoge r`jyj niraogy& `jagifzbjb Yo|ajr xjioegaraog ol r`jZmxnagang Inròfai ngb ZmxnagangOxròbop I`zxi`jy'

Ag ifoyage& Cx' Y`qcmo xjcnxmjbr`nr òfbage r`jyj agbjtjgbjgij ioccjcoxnra|j j|jgry ay ng nllaxcnraog hqrobnq%y Zmxnagangy ol r`j zgarq r`nrhagby r`jax abjnfy uar` ròyj ol Zmxnagangy uò loze`rlox r`jyjtxagiatfjyo|jx54 qjnxy neo& ngb ar ay n xjnllaxcnraogr`nr Zmxnagangy robnq uaff zyj j|jxqcjngy nr r`jax baytoynf ro iogragzj rolae`r lox r`jax foyr xae`ry ngb ròyj olcaffaogy ol |airacy uò incj hjloxj'

C x' Y`qcmo jgbjb ày ytjji` hq~zorage Cqmo fn Xzbjgmo& n lozgbjx olr`j Zmxnagang @jfyagma CogaroxageExozt& lxoc ày tojc& (R`j Ixoyy(; (Alqozx `jnxr `ny gor exoug hfagb ngb alr`jxj ay yraff yocj xooc lox òtj ag qoz&mjjt raffage qozx toox lajfby' Falj ay goryocj bxjnc& hzr bjjb ztog bjjb' Ngbar uaff iocj ro tnyy r`nr r`j yzg yàgageog r`nr raffjb lajfb y`nff cnmj exou lxjjboc%y yjjb nr fnyr'(

R`j czyainf tnxr ol r`j ioccjcoxnraog uny tjxloxcjb hq r`j Bzcmncapjb iòax lxoc Gju Qoxm& iogbzirjbhq Yacog Mocaxgq& ngb nhfq niioctngajb og r`j tango hq Rjrqngn Toy#rny`mo' Bzcm n%y ljcnfj jgyjchfjbaxjirjb hq Cqm` nafo Fj| nfyo ynge'

Yofoayry lox r`j tjxloxcngij agifzbjbY|anroyfn|n [`qfn#Mni`nxnq& Cai`njfGj|cjx{`qrymq& Ofjgn Go|qrymn#[ncanrn& Hoxqy Mjmay` ngb Cqmofn@ofobqm' R`j Zmxnagang ioctoyjxyljnrzxjb agifzbjb @gnrqy `qg& \jbjf&Hnm`rqgymq& Hoxrgangymq& Mofjyyn&Fazbmj|qi`& Y`nco& Mzti`qgymq&Mqrnyrq& Fjtmq& Cnahoxobn& Bngmj|qi`ngb Moyrjrymq'

Agba|abznf ytogyoxy lxoc r`j iocczgarq nb ng ottoxrzgarq ro cjjr uar`r`j iòax nlrjx r`j iogijxr nr n hzlljrbaggjx `jfb nr Yr' Ngbxju%y ZmxnagangOxròbop Inr`jbxnf'

K O @ G B J C K N G K Z M Y T J N M Y ;

( Q O Z @N\J KZBEJB ' ' 'N T JXYOG U @O AY GO R EZ A F R QO L N G Q R @ A G E & NG AGGOIJGR @ Z C N G HJAGE '((A NC GO R %A\NG R @ J RJXXAHFJ% NGB R @ J COYR KZYRUA RGJYY AY E O B @ ACYJFL U @ O M G O U Y R @ N R A NCAGGOIJGR'(( A BO GOR B J YJX\J R@AY' A NC AGGOIJGR& AGGOIJGR&AGGOIJGR' NGB E O B AY CQ UARGJYY'(TFJNYJ @JFT YZTTOXR R@J NTTJNF O L N G AGGOIJGRCNG'

Txnqjxy ng b l agngian f yzttoxr bjytnxnrj fq gjjbjb' WTfjnyj yjgb bognraogy ro;

R @ J K O @ G B J C K N G K Z MB J L J G Y J L Z G B

T' O' HO P 180>1IFJ\JFNGB& O@AO 22>18

Xjt' Uaffanc O' Fatagyma ijgrjx! xjija|jy r j Affagoay ZIIN%y Cng ol r j QjnxNunxb lxoc Bx' Cqxoyfn| I nxmjuqi fjlr! ngb Oxjyr Hnxngqm xae r!'I @ A I N E O R`j Zmxnagang iocczgarq ol Cjrxotofarng Iàineo ioc

cjcoxnrjb ruo j|jgry og Kngznxq 88 r`j 5> yr ngga|jxynxq ol r`j loxcnraogol r`j Zmxnagang Gnraognf Xjtzhfai ngbr`j 54r` ol r`j zgalainraog ol Zmxnagangfngby& #l|; &C # &q;;v

Nfròze` r`j cnag ohyjx|ngij roomtfnij ag r`j ijgrjx ol Iàineo& nff r`jZmxnagang i`zxi`jy ag r`j nxjn iogbzirjb yjx|aijy lox r`j Zmxnagang gnraogngb ary nytaxnraogy lox lxjjboc'

R`j txoijjbagey `jfb ag Yy' \ofo #bqcqx ngb Of`n I`zxi` ujxj lzffqbjbainrjb ro r`j Kngznxq ngga|jxynxajy'Bzxage r`j ba|agj farzxeq ag r`j coxgage& r`j Xj|' Cnxang Hzrxqgymq bjfa|jxjb ng jcoraognf yjxcog' @j agbainrjb r`nr r`j agbjtjgbjgij txoi fncnraog uny r`j foeainf izfcagnraog olZmxnagangy% ~zjyr lox lxjjboc' Uàfjnymage r`j enr`jxjb ro r`ngm Eob loxyocj hxae`r cocjgry ag Zmxna gj%yàyroxq& `j jpoxrjb tnrajgr uoxm ny ncjngy ol `jftage niàj|j r`nr fogeyoze`r lxjjboc'

Nr r`j ioctfjraog ol r`j farzxeq& ncofjhjg uny ynab lox r j Zmxnaganggnraog' Jparage r`j i`zxi`& r`j enr`jxjbytaffjb ozr agro r`j lxogr iozxr u`jxjr`jq ujxj cjr hq Zmxnagangy lxoc or`jxi`zxi`jy'

Nr goog& Bx ' Cqxoyfn| I`nxmjuqi`&txjyabjgr ol r`j Affa goay Ba| aya og&Zmxnagang Iogexjyy Ioccarrjj olNcjxain& nbbxjyyjb r`j enr`jxjb' R`jollaianf txoifncnraogy lxoc Eo|' KncjyRòctyog ngb Cnqox Jzejgj Ynuqjxujxj xjnb' R`j ijxjcogq ol r`j xnayageol r`j iofoxy uny iogbzirjb hq YrjtngEofny`& bzxage uài` r`j gnraognfngr`jcy ujxj yzge'

Nco ge r`j >&444 tjotfj txjyjgr ujxj`jnby ol gzcjxozy oxenga{nraogy&yiòof iàfbxjg& zgaloxcjb xjtxjyjgrnra|jy ol qozr` oxenga{nraogy ngb unx|jrjxngy' R` j enr`jxage baytjxyjb nlrjxyageage (Ho{`j \jfqmqa'(

R` j ioccjcoxnraog iogragzjblzxr`jx nr r`j gjufq iogyrxzirjb Zmxnagang Izfrzxnf Ijgrjx' Nr 8 t'c'& r`jljyra|j hng~zjr& nrrjgbjb hq


11/16

ZMXNAGANG AGBJTJGBJGIJ BNQ KNGZNXQ 88& >101Hxabejtoxr& Iogg' Roxogro

Og Kng z nx q 84& Cnqox R ` o c n y U' H z i i a ol Hxabejtoxr& Iogg' & y aegjb ntxoifncnraog bjyaegnrage Kng z nx q 88 ny Zmxnagang Agbjtjgbjgij Bnq agày iarq' R ` j ijxjcogq uny `jfb ag r`j t x j y j g i j ol n bjfjenraogxjtxjyjgrage r` j f o i n f Zmxnagang i ` z x i ` j y & lxnrjxgnf ngb qozr` oxenga{nraogy fjb hq Unyq f Tj fjyi` z m & txjyabjgr ol r`j Hxabejtoxr hxngi` ol

r`j Zmxnagang I o g e x j y y Ioccarrjj ol Nc jx ain '

Fnmj Uoxr & Lfn'

Cjchjxy ol r`j Zmxnagang Ncjxaing Ifz h ol r`j Tnfc H j n i ` j y ngb iarqollaianfy ol F nmj Uoxr`& Lfn'& nrrjgbjb n lfne#xnayage ijxjcogq og Kng z nx q84' Cnqox Xnft` Yi` jg m ngb Iarq Io c c ayy ao g jx Xn q Yrx o g nimjx ollaianrjbnr r`j ijxjcogq' Txjyabjgr Ncnfan Yro x o { g jg ymq xjnb n yòxr yroxq og r`j

àyroxq ol Zmxnagj ngb r`j Exjnr L nc ag j '

G n r a o g n f ' ' 'Iogragzjb lxoc tnej >!

ogfq u a r ` a g r`j ioglagjy ol ng jctaxjhzr nfyo u a r ` a g n ljbjxnraog ox n iogljbjxnraog&( yrnrjy r`j i`nxrjx'Hjinzyj rày yrjrjcjgr uny ifjnxfqzgnfaegjb u a r ` r`j Bjifnxnraog olTxagiatfjy ol r`j Z @ Z & r`j ogfq Zmxnagang exozt tnxraiatnrage& Cjyyxy' @ox#hnf ngb Y`j|i`jgmo& ny cjchjxy ol r`jZ @ Z % y N ff #Z mxn ag an g Iooxb agn r ageIoccarrjj& bab gor yaeg r`j boizcjgr'

Cjyyxy' Cnmnx ngb @xqrynq& òuj|jx& yaegjb r`j i`nxrjx ny xjtxjyjgrnra|jy ol n (lni raog (ol r`j Z @ Z & uài` ayioctxayjb ol cjchjxy ol ba|jxyj tof a r ainf tjxyznyaogy' l ?

R`j (I` nxr jx o l Lxjjbo c ol r`jJgyfn|jb Tjotfjy ol r`j ZYYX( unyyaegjb og Kngznxq 81 hq; Cjm`nmEnhxajfang ol r`j Gnraognf Zgaog loxr`j Yjfl#Bjrjxcagnrao g ol Nxcj gan=\nng Ay`m`ngang ol r`j Zgarjb Yrxzeefj lox r`j Yzx|a|nf ol Nxcjgan= CjxnhMoyrn|n ol r`j Yoiajrq ol Yr' A Afan r`j\jxarnhfj Ejoxean!= Rnxajf E|agany`#|afa ol r`j Yoiajrq ol Af f an I`n|i`j#|nb{j' WEjoxeWP Yrnyay= WHzy`man|ajazyngb Tnzfazy Q6"@b,rlrn, oKZ`r CnWa

r aogn f Zgaog ol Fa r`zngang Qozr`=Fnefj Tnxjm ngb Ngry Ryagbay ol r`jJyrogang Gnraognf Agbjtjgbjgij Tnxrq=Nfeacngrny Hnfrxzyày ngb NgrngnyRjxfjrymny ol r`j Far`zngan g LxjjbocFjnezj= Cjyyxy' Cnmn x ngb @xqrynq olr`j Z@Z lxniraog= Agry Rynfaray ol r`jZgollaianf Totzfnx Lxogr ol Fnr|an=Yjx{zm C jm`ncjy ol r`j HqjfoxzyyangIfzh Toeogan ngb r`j gjuytntjx r`jHqjfoxzyyang Rxahzgj= Ejoxea Nm`jfanol r`j Ejoxeang Gnraognf bjcoixnraiTnxrq= ngb Tanrxny Rab{a may ol r`jFar`zngang Ioccarrjj ro Nab TofarainfTxayogjxy'

N iogljxjgij bj|orjbW ro r`j gnraognfbjcoixnrai co|jcjgry ol r`j ZYYX ayxjtoxrjbfq hjage oxenga{jb hq \fnbacaxHzmo|ymq ngb Tnxzax N a x a m a n g ag Tnxayag Cnq& u a r ` r`j nac ol jyrnhfayàge ngjprjxg nf xjtxjyjgrnraog ol rày exozt 'Cjyyxy' Hzmo|ymq ngb N a x a m a n g `n|jhjjg nymjb ro yjx|j ny xjtxjyjgrnra|jynhxonb ol r`j gnraog nf bjcoixnraico|jcjgry'

R`j gjpr cjjrage ol r`j Iooxbag nrageIocc arrjj ol r`j Gog#Xzy yang Tnr x ao r a i Co|jc jgry ol r`j ZYYX ayyi`jbzfjb'# lox& xNtiKa +^ w rOx& ` #ag 6Rnffagg& Jyrogan' # @ |6xg|

hq Gnrnfan TnufjgmoRO XO G RO R`j Roxogro ijfjhxn

raogy ioccjcoxnrage r`j 5>yr ngga|jxynxq ol Zmxnagj%y agbjtjgbjgij izfcagnrjb u ar` n enfn iogijxr nr XoqRòcyog @ n f f og Kngznxq 81'

R`j iogijxr ljnrzxjb yofo tjxloxcngijy hq Gju Qoxm tangayr KzfangnOyagi`zm og tango ngb Roxogro |oinfayr Omyngn Xo`nrqg#Cnmoòg' Agnbbaraog& la|j iòxnf exozty tjxloxcjb;r`j \jyga|mn& Bahxo|n& Txocjr`jzyngb Hzxfnmn iòaxy ngb r`j Qnycqg\oinf Jgyjchfj'

R`j ljnrzxjb nbbxjyy ol r`j j|jgageuny hq Omyngn Hxq{`zg#Yomofqm& r`jlaxyr |aij#txjyabjgr ol r`j Uoxfb Ljbjxnraog ol Zmxnagang Uocjg%y Oxenga{nraogy'

Tnrxaim Hoqjx& cjchjx ol Tnxfancjgr& xjnb n exjjrage lxoc Ingnbn%yTxacj Cagayrjx Hxang Czfxogjq'

R`j ijfjhxnraogy ag lnir `nb hjezg nujjm jnxfajx& og Ynrzxbnq& Kngznxq 8> &u`jg r`j Zmxnagang lfne uny xnayjb nrRoxogro %y Iarq @ n f f ' Yacafnx lfne#xnayage ijxjcogajy ujxj `jfb ag r`jgjae`hoxage iocczgarajy ol Jrohaiomj&

Tjggyqf|ngan@ N XXAYHZ XE & Tn' Eo|' Xohjxr

T' Inyjq txoifnacjb (Zmxnagang Agbjtjgbjgij Ujjm( Kngznxq 88#80& >101&og Kngznxq 85 ag r`j Eo|jxgox%y Xjijtraog Xooc ag r`j Intarof' R`j yaegageuny uargjyyjb hq n xjtxjyjgrnraog ol r`jZmxnagang# 'iocczgarq+ x&=xx'F'z à+#=R`j txoifncnraog yrnrjb ag tnxr;

(Jni` qjnx& ag r`j lozxr` ujjm olKngznxq& Zmxnagang Ncjxaingy ijfj#

Cayyayynzen ngb Yinxhoxoze`'Og Ynrzxbnq& Kngznxq 8>& n hng~zjr

uny `jfb nr r`j Xoqnf Qoxm @orjf' Nrr` j h n g ~ z j r & R o x o g r o % y Zm x n a g a n giocczgarq txjyjgrjb ary nggznf nunxby'Yztxjcj Iozxr Kzyraij Ko`g Yotagmnuny yjfjirjb ny Cng ol r`j Qjnx'

R`j cjban nunxb ujgr ro I`nggjf25#Inhfj R \& n txa|nr jfq ougjb rjfj|ayaog yrnraog uòyj txoexnccage ayczfraizfrzxnf' R`j ytjianf (CaffjggazcNunxb( uny txjyjgrjb ro @nfqn Mzi`#ca k ol r`j Ingnbang HxonbinyrageIoxtoxnraog lox `jx txobziraog ol r`jozry rngbage ogj#òzx boizcjgrnxq(Caffjggazc'( Foge#racj iocczgarqnira|ayry& Bx' ngb Cxy' Tjrjx @faho#uqi` ujxj nfyo ògoxjb lox r`jaxiogrx ahzr aogy ro r`j Zmxnagang Ingnbang iocczgarq'

R`j ezjyr ytjnmjx nr r`j hng~zjr unyCai`nj f Uafyog & Ingnbn%y cagayrjxol lagngij'R`j ijfjhxnraogy ioccjcoxnrage r`j5>yr ngga| jxynx q ol Zmxn agj%y agb jtjgbjgij ujxj oxenga{jb hq r`j Roxogr o hxngi` ol r`j Zmxnaga ng Ingnbang Ioccarrjj'

hxnrj r`jax ày roxai yrxzeefj lox ag bjtjgbjgij hq tnqage rxahzrj ro r`jaxgnraognfayr fjnbjxy ngb r`j jpàfnxnrageytaxar ol >1>0'

(R`j tjotfj ol Tjggyqf|n gan nttxjianrj r`j fahjxnrage loxij ol n bjifnxnraog ol agbjtjgbjgij& ngb nggznffqk o a g u a r` ròyj ol Zmxnagang bjyijgr agtxnqage lox tjotfj j|jxqu`jxj uò nxjbjgajb hnyai `zcng xae`ry ngb lxjjbocy'(

X a e ` r y n i r a | a y r ' ' 'Iogragzjb lxoc tnej 9!

Ag >102& ar Uny xjtoxrjb r`nr Cx'Yntjfanm uny zgbjx ag|jyraenraog loxnffjejbfq jgeneage ag (ngra#Yo|ajrnearnraog ngb txotnengbn'(

Fnyr qjnx ag Kzfq `j uny unxgjb r `nr`j uozfb hj nxxjyrjb lox (tnxnyarayc( al`j bab gor l agb n koh ' @j uny yzccogjbhq foinf nzròxarajy& uò r`xjnrjgjb royjgb àc ro Iòxgohqf ro uoxm og r`jifjng#zt ol r`j iogrncagnrjb nxjn' @juny r`jg tfnijb a g txayo g u`jxj `jbjifnxjb n `zgejx yrxamj'

Iogyzcage goràge& gor j|jg unrjx&hq r`j lalr` bnq ol ày `zgejx yrxkmjKCx'Yntjfanm uny |jxq a f f ' Agyrjnb ol yjgbage

à c ro r`j txayog òytarnf& r`j nzròxarajy bjiabjb ro xjfjnyj àc' Ag Bjijchjx& Cx ' Yntjfanm& nfoge u a r ` or`jxxae`ry nira|ayry& uny nxxjyrjb ngb yjgrjgijb ro >: bnqy ol nbcagayrxnra|jnxxjyr ag oxbjx ro txj|jgr àc lxoctnxraiatnrage ag ng Agrjxgnraognf @z cng Xae`ry Bnq cngaljyrnr aog ogBjijchjx >4'

Og Kngznxq >2 ngb >: ol rày qjnx& nrr`j laxyr iogexjyy ol r`j ZmxnagangNyyoianraog ol Agbjtjgbjgr Ixjnra|jAgrjffaejgryan& Cx' Yntjfanm bjfa|jxjb nxjtoxr og r`j uox m ol r`j kozxg nfMnljbxn' @j uny bjyaegnrjb%ro yjx|j nyiàjl jbarox o l r j kozxg nf lox ng agrjxactjxaob ngb uny |orjb n cjchjx ol a`jhonxb ol Z N G R A '

Y z t x j c j T x j y a b j g r ' 'Iogragzjb lxoc tnej a !

toxrngr ox fjnyr actoxrngr magby olnira|arq' N f f r`j uo xm ol r`j Z G N ay rajbu ar` ary cjchjxyàt ngb lox r j hjgjlarol r`j Zmxnagang iocczgarq& uài` r`jZ G N yjx|jy' Ogj ol r`j coyr hjgjlaianfhxngi`jy ol ZGN uoxm ay ary lagngiagengb yzttoxr ol ozx txjyy& ngb rày ayY|ohobn ngb R`j Zmxn agang Ujjmfq&hjinzyj r`xoze` ar r`j ZGN cnagrnagyn ifoyj f agm u a r` r`j iocczgarq nr fnxej&ngb j|jg u a r ` ozx hxor`jxy ngb yayrjx ag

Zmxnagj' Nfròze` r`j txjyy robnq Ay|jxq jptjgya|j& r`jyj jptjgyjy kzyralqr`jcyjf|jy `zgbxjby ol racjy o|jx'

A l qoz foom nr ar ny n uòfj& r`j yncjcora|jy& uài` ~zabjb ozx txjbjijyyoxy1: qjnxy neo ny u jf f ny r`jax yziijyyoxy bzxag e rày uòfj tjxaob& r`jg r`jyjcora|jy iogragzj ro ezabj zy robnq royjx|j r`j Zmxnagang gnraog' R`j Zmxnagang Gnraognf Nyyoianraog uny r`j laxyrro agrxobzij agro ozx fa|jy r`j Zmxnagang abjn' R`jyj abjny ujxj yjx|jb hqozx txjbjijyyoxy& ngb' u a r ` Eob%y `jftr`jq ua f f hj yjx|jb hq ròyj Wqò incjnlrjx zy. ''%'6'' V ' '&> > #

U n g r r o x j t x a g r n g n x r a i f j ?Al qoz uozfb famj ro xjtxagr ng nxraifj lxoc R`j#Ujjmfq ag ngor`jx tzhfa

inraog& qoz cnq ohrnag tjxcayyaog& ag coyr inyjy& hq iogrnirage r`j jbarox'


12/16

J r ` g a i y n e n ' ' 'Iogragzjb lxoc tnej 5!

@ay |ayaog ujyrunxb xnayage'A|ng `nb roafjb& ngb r a f fjb A|ngBjgyj | a x e ag yoafy ol txnaxajy'Xjrzxgjb& r`jxjnlrjx& Ko`g ngb KjngR`j jctaxj%y gncj ro inxxq'

R`j lxngmgjyy ol r`j nzròx%y |aju ay xj|jnfjb ag r`jaxogq ol r`j laezxj hnyjb og A|ng' Nho|j n f f & uj nbcaxjày fa|jfagjyy ngb agrjffaejgij ngb ày txo|oinra|jkzbecjgr' @j nrrjctry ro yzh|jxr r`j cqr` ol Ko`gngb Kjng hq ~zjyraogage ary hnyay' Lox A|ng yoiajrqnttjnxy ro hj n encj& ngb `j ag~zaxjy agro ary zfracnrjyjxaozygjyy hq bjcogyrxnrage n bxncnrai jgbage&hnyjb og n ijgrxnf yjfl uài` xjyayry rjctrnraog ngbx`jroxai'

Ynci`zm%y rxn|jfage ag r`j Ncjxaing Jnyr ngb Ujyr`ny ijxrnag yacafnxarajy u a r ` Ko`g Yrjaghjim%y kozxgjqage ag yjnxi` ol Ncjxain' Lox àc ny lox Yrjaghjim ag(Rxn|jfy u ar` I`nxfjq&( (N r x at ' ' ' & ng jptfoxnr aog ay ngjg r a rq & balljxjgr l xoc nff or`jx kozx gjqy ' Ar `nytjxyognfarq& rjctjxncjgr& agba|abznfarq& zga~zjgjyy( ~znfarajy r`nr n uxarjx gjjby uàfj uxarage nhozrNcjxain hjinzyj (R`j cjcoxq ay nr hjyr n lnzfrq&uWxtq xjyjx|oax'(

Ynci`zm uàfj yjnxiàge lox Ncjxain ay nfyo cyjnxi` ol r`j looryrjty ol Zmxnagang taogjjxy' Ro ràyr`jcj `j bjbainrjy r`xjj i`ntrjxy (R`j \nffjq olNgr`xniarj&( (N Kozxgjq R`xoze` r`j Iozgrxq ol r`jZgmgoug( ngb (Lxoc Yjn ro Yàgage Yjn(!& u`jxj `jolljxy n |a| ab tairzxj ol Ncjxain ny n uòfj ngb olZmxnagang yjrrfjcjgr a g zxhng ijgrjxy ngb og lnxcy'@ay yrqfj ag r`jyj i`ntrjxy ay jpijtraog nffq jgeneagengb r`j iogrjgr lzxgay`jy r`j xjnbjx u ar` |nfznhfjagloxcnraog og j|jxq tnej' R`j nzròx%y yjfjiraog olcnrjxanf ay coyr kzbaiaozy' J|jxq bjyixatraog `j olljxyay hor` xjtxjyjgrnra|j ngb `ny cjxar a g ary oug xae`r 'Coyr ol ày nrrjgraog eojy ro r`j taogjjxy uò bab r`j`nxbjyr uoxm bjytarj lxzyrxnr aogy& zgijxrnagrajy ngbyjrhnimy ngb uò& nlrjx qjnxy& jcjxejb u ar` r`jaxxoory bjjt ag Ncjxaing falj'

R`j nzròx olljxy n lagj ixoyy#yjiraognf |aju ol r`jZmxnagang iocczgarq& n |aju uài` ay goràge fjyyr`ng ng acnej ol ng oxenga{jb& gnraognffq iogyiaozyZmxnagang Ncjxain u`jxj j|jxqràge bjtjgby og r`jyjrrfjxy% aggjx loxijy ngb r`jax yoianf ngb izfrzxnfjg|axogcjgr' J|jxq loxcnra|j jfjcjgr ag r`j e xoztrnmjy og ary ytjialai loxc hq aggjx balljxjgranraog ngbhq agioxtoxnraog ol r`nr lxoc uài` ar ay balljxjgr'Ng b rày ay r`j unq r`j Zmxnagang jr`gai exozt incjagro hjage& òu ar exju&& ngb òu ar gou txokjiry agror`j lzrzxj' Ynci`zm foomy |jxq inxjlzffq nr j|jxqjfjcjgr ag r`nr loxcnr aog& uài` `j lzffq bjyixahjy ngbyocjracjy tnxranffq ngnfq{jy' Ag |aju ol rày bjyixatr aog uj yjj n gzchjx ol czrz nffq iogr xahz ragejfjcjgry yzi` ny ia|ai fjnbjxy& txajyry ol r`j i`zxi`&` n x b u o x m a g e uoc jg& bjbainrjb fnhoxjxy & agrj ffjirznfy& qozr`'

R`j nzròx ay ifjnxfq nunxj ol r`j xjfj|ngij olijxrnag tfnijy ro ày yzhkjir& ngb `j jptfoary r`jaxactox rngij' @j uxarjy; (@ ou ngb u`nr ro ynq nhozrY`ncomag ]Tjggyqf|nganS? R`j tojry czyr ioctoyj nyoge nhozr a r '( Rày tfnij (lox zy `ny r`j yncjcjngage r` nr Tà fnbjf tàn `ny lox r`j uòfj olNcjxain& hjinzyj jxj hjeng r`j àyroxq ol Zmxnagangyjrrfjcjgr og rày iogr agjgr '( @j nfyo toxrxnqy or`jxiarajy uài` loxc r`j `jnxr ol ày jgrjxtxayj& ag rjxcyhor` ol r`j ytnij nfforrjb ngb r`jax actoxrngij roZmxnagang yjrrfjcjgr' W &+ Gor cngq nzròxy uozfb bjfahjxnrjfq jptoyj r`jfacarnraogy ol r`jax oug nttxoni`& h zr Ynci`zm&hjage ioccarrjb ro bjyixahage r`j Zmxnagang jptjxajgij& mjjty |jxq ifoyj ro r`j ohkjir ol àyag|jyraenraog' @ay agrjgr ay l xzarlzf lox r`j yzhkjir aryjflhjinzyj r`j uoxfb `j iogyrxziry czyr hj bayragezay`nhfj lxoc lngrnyq ox yiajgij l ai r aog ' R`j uoxfb `j ayrnfmage nhozr ay gor n loxjaeg uoxfb= ar ay ng Ncjxainguoxfb tjxcjnrjb u ar` Zmxnagang izfrzxnf ngb ytaxarznfjfjcjgry' Ngb `jxj `j ay ro hj nttfnzbjb lox àybjrjxcagnraog ro rnmj r`j rxzr` ol ynen yjxaozyfq hql a f f a ge ag ary iogrjgry ògjyrfq u a r ` nf f nyyjxraogygjjbjb lox ng jptfaiar ngb xaeoxozy toxrxnqn f'

O g r`j Ncxan*iCaragjar qmx)agangy roztblxjjboc ol niraog ngb ol xjfaeaozy uoxyàt& ny ujff nylxjjboc ro cnagrnag ngb bj|jfot r`jax izfrzxj'Ncjxain ngb Ingnbn hjincj ngpaozy ro txo|abj r`jcngb r`jax iàfbxjg u ar` eoob jbzinraog nr nff fj|jfy'Robnq& cngq ol r`jc oiiztq toyaraogy r`nr xj~zaxjnb|ngijb jbzinraognf rxnagage' Yoianffq& hjinzyj olr`j xjioegaraog ol agba|abznf uoxr`& cjchjxy ol r`jZmxnagang jr`gai exozt jgkoq eoob yrngbage r`xozeùoxm& r`x al r ox hzyagjyy nhafarq' Tofar ainf fq r`jq nxjtoyara|j jfjcjgry ag r j eo|jxgcjgr ol hor` iozgrxajyhq iogrxahzrage r`jax foqnfrq ngb eoob iara{jgyàt'Ar ay rxzj r`nr& l ox nfcoyr n ejgjxnraog& ny Ynci` zmyrxjyyjy& Zmxn ag ang taogjjxy fa|jb ag yjexjenrjbiocczgarajy u ar` |jxq f a r r fj ox go iogrnir u a r ` r`jbocagngr izfrzxj' R`jq ujxj txocorage ngb txjyjx|age r`jax xai` izfrzxnf `jxarnej 2# r`jax yogey& r`jaxx`qr`cai l o fm bngijy& r`jax czyai& r`jax cnkjyraii`zxi` farzxeq& r`jax gnraognf ioyrzcjy& r`jax Jnyrjxjeey ngb r`jax hjnzralzffq bjyaegjb jchxoabjxq' R`jqhzafr hjnzralzf Hq{ngragj#yrqfj i`zxi`jy ngb `nffy& ngbnbbjb ro r`j Ncj xaing ngb Ingnbang jg|axog cjgr'U`jg r`j gju ejgjxnraog exju zt& iogbaraogy hjengro i`ngej' Lncafajy j|jg incj ro ifny`jy u a r ` a gr`jcyjf|jy o|jx r`j yngirarq ol coxjy ngb izyrocy'

Hzr r`j xjijgr rxjgb (hnim ro xoory( yrnhafa{jbiogbaraogy' Qozge tjotfj hjeng ro xjytjir r`j ofbtnrrjxgy ol Zmxnagang izfrzxj& rxnbaraogy ngb hj`n|aox& ngb ro yrot i`ngeage r`jax gncjy' R`jq yrnxrjbro ytjnm Zmxnagan g ngb hjeng ro tnxraiatnrj nira|jfq agZmxnagang jr`gai nira|arajy' Iogyiaozygjyy ol r`jba|jxyarq ngb xai`gjyy ol r`jax jr`gai ngb izfrzxnf`jxarnej yrnxrjb jgrjxage agro r`jax unq ol ràgm age&ngb ag Ingnbn r`jq hjeng rnfmage nhozr r`j (Ingnbang coynai ol tjotfjy( u`jxj r`j hjyr jfjcjgry olba|jxyj izfrzxjy nxj cofbjb agro n yztjxaox ia|afa{nr aog' Ncjxain& roo& hjincj exjnr hjinzyj ol r`jiogrxahzraogy ol cngq tjotfjy ol balljxjgr |ajuy ngbizyrocy& gor hjinzyj r`jq yoze`r ro yjr zt gnraogyu a r ` a g n gnraog& hzr hjinzyj r`jq hjincj n tnxr ol r`jyqyrjc& eoob iara{jgy& Ncjxaingy'

Ynci`zm xae`rfq inffy Ncjxain n (yngnroxazc( loxng accaexngr ngb uxarjy;

(R`j laxj ol Ncjxaing bqgncayc hzxgr nff r`jaxaffgjyyjy ngb r`jxj uny go racj lox congage' R`jtjotfj nirjb& `zxxajb& xa|nfjb uaròzr ~zjyraogageu`jr`jx ar uny jnyq ox ball aizfr & kzyr ox zgkzyr' R`jqfa|jb& enagjb r`j gjijyynxq cjngy& hjincj coxj ngbcoxj agbjtjgbjgr& lfjpjb r`jax czyifjy ngb ni~zaxjbcoxj lnar` ag r`jcyjf|jy' R`jxj ujxj ixayjy& hngmxztriajy& gju nrrjctry& gju yziijyyjy' Nfroejr`jx r`jqtxoijjbjb u ar` r`j ytjjb ol Ncjxaing falj' Ncjxainuny n yiòof lox ròyj accaexngry'(

Zmxnagang accaexnraog ro Ncjxain& xae`r lxoc aryhjeaggage& uny yjxaozyfq rxozhfjb u ar` yoianf ngbabjgrarq txohfjcy' Bjbainrjb uoxm uny gjjbjb roo|jxiocj r`j ballaizfrajy' N exozt ol Inròfai txajyrylxoc Enfaian& txaox ro oxbag nraog& `nb bjiabjb ag jnxfq>144! ro bjbainrj r`jax fa|jy ro jr`go#gnrao gnf uox m agNcjxain' R`jax bj|oraog tnab oll= r`jq yziijjbjb agr`jax uoxm ncoge accaexngry'

Ag r`j ijgrjx ol rày inctnaeg yroob r`j ZmxnagangGnraognf Nyyoianraog%y tntjx& Y|ohobn' Ynci`zm&xjnfa{age r`j actoxrngij ol r`j nyyoianraog& ynqy;

( A r uny hzafr hq ljjfage& hq `jnxr ngb ogfq yocju`nrhq r`j agrjffjir' Ary ytaxar uny r`j Xj|' @xzy`mn& r`jXj|' Yrjlngo|qi`''' Ar yjjcy coxj r`ng oh|aozy r`nruaròzr r`j Zmxnagang Gnraognf Nyyoianraog r`jxjuozfb gor hj n yrxoge Zmxnagang jr`gai exozt agNcjxain+(

Nenag ar ay Ynci`zm%y |ayaog ngb ày tàfoyotàinfnttxoni` nr racjy yzhkjira|j& jcor aogn f ngbzgyqyrjcnrai r`nr txo|abj lzgbncjgrnf iogijtry ror`j loxczfnraog oa gay gofjgy nBozr r`j '''Zmxnagang%jr`gai exozt' @ay ioctfjp tjxijtraog ol `zcngjpayrjgij ay rxzfq niizxnrj' Ar kzyralajy r`j agyrngijyu`jxj ày ejgazy ox intnhafar q ol xjioega{ag e r`jgoxcnf l fzp ngb jptjirjb txoexjyy ol jr`gai falj ayinxjlzffq yjr' @ay cjbanraog& V|ài`czyr hj zgbjxyoobag rjxcy ol n bqgncai iogijtr ottoyjb ro n yrnraiàyroxainf gnxxnra|j ac arnra og& ay r j yofj eznxngrjj ol+ày ohkjira|arq' Ynci`zm%y abjny lox rày xjnyog uaff

gj|jx foyj r`jax xjfj|ngij' Og r`j iogrx nxq& r`jq uaffjgxai` r`j yoiao#ixarai nf ngb farj xnxq zgbjxyrngbage olr`j rxzj jr`gai ynen'

Hq olljxage zy ày |ajuy iogijxgage jr`gai bj|jfotcj gr& Ynci`zm affzyrxnrjy r`nr `j zgbjxyrngby àyyzhkjir ngb r`jxjloxj xj|jnfy n eoob ioctnxnra|jhnimexozgb ol ar hq yòuage nbcaxnraog lox Ncjxainngb hq mjjtage r`j xjfj|ngr jr`gai cnrjxanf zgbjxinxjlzf yixzragq' Hq f a c a r a g e àcyjfl coyrfq ro r`jgjijyyarq ol ohkjira|arq& `j xj#jpncagjy r`j àyroxq ngbr`j ytaxar r`nr `n|j txj|nafjb ag r`j Zmxnagang jr`gaiexoz t& r`jxjhq c nmage n ujfiocj yzttfjcjgr ro r`jNcjxaing yijgj ngb n bayragezayàge cnxm lox ày ouguoxm'

Jiòage Ynci`zm%y iogifzyaogy ogj cnq ynq r`nr(lox cngq n Zmxnagang jcaexj& r`j Zgarjb Yrnrjy unygor ng jr`gai cjfrage tor hzr xnr`jx n yiòof lox àyjr`go#gnraognf bj|jfotcjgr&( hjinzyj (r`j ZgarjbYrnrjy ay r j ogf q iozgrxq ag r`j uoxfb u`jxj& u`jg ogjhjiocjy n iara{jg& ogj bojy gor hjrxnq ày ouggnraog'(

Ag iogrxnyr ro Ynci`zm%y exjnr ing|ny ol r`j j|jgryr`nr hzafb ày ynen lox toyrjxarq& Yfn|zrqi` bjnfy u ar`r`j |jxq rjprzxj ol r`j Zmxnagang tjnyngr%y yozf ngb àyrnfj hjiocjy agrjxgnf ngb tyqiòfoeainf& r`jxjhqyzhkjir ro cngq ozryabj lniroxy' Loxrzg j ag horùoxmy ay intxaiaozy ngb `nt`n{nxb' U`nr ay kzyr ay gorgjijyynxafq xjunxbjb& gox bo yac tfaiarq ngb eoobgjyylagb nzrocnrai xjioegaraog'

Hor` nzròxy nbb bjtr` ro r`j jr`gai ynen hqiog|jqage r`jax yjgyj ol `nxcogq ag n uoxfb u`jxjcngq jr`gai exozty fa|j roejr`jx ngb hzafb r`j hjnzrqngb r`j yrxjger` ol Ncjxain uàfj izfr a|nr age r`jaxou g jr`gaiarq' R`jxjloxj r`j nzròxy% nxrayrai rxngyloxcnraogy xjunxb r`j kzyr inzyj ngb txo|abj cngqhnyay nyyzctraogy uài` co|j r`j rnfjy rounxb n coxjioctfjp nttxoni` ro r`j r`jcj ol yziijyy'

Ag hor` uoxmy r`jxj ay ng otracayrai yoianf cqr` ol nuoxfb ag uài` cjxar lagnffq xjija|jy ary kzyr xjunxb'Ynci`zm ngb Yfn|zrqi` nxj hor` intnhfj ol bjyixahage n uoxfb l a f fjb uar` cnx|jfozy i`ngejy ag uài``nxbyàty |ngay` ngb uay`jy lox hjrrjxcjgr bocagnrj`zcng falj' R`jq ixjnrj ogjaxainffq n gju unq olyzxtnyyage `zcng facarnr aogy& u jxj r`j yrnxrfagei`ngejy lxoc to|jxrq ro ujnfr` rjff zy czi` nhozr xjnfyoianf iogbaraogy' Ytax arznf |axrzjy ag hor` u oxmy nxjnfunqy xjunxbjb hq cnrjxanf eooby& ngb r`jxj ay go xalrhjrujjg r`j coxn f ngb cnrjxan f 'uoxf by'

R`jxj ay go bozhr r`nr r`j nzròxy olljx r`j xjnbjx ncobjf ol r`j iogiafanraog ngb `nxcogq ol uoxfbfqyziijyy ngb tjxyognf coxn farq jfjcjgry uài` nxjolrjg `jfb ro hj agioctnrahfj ag r`j xjnf uoxfb ny ujffny ag l ai r aog '

Ag iogifzyaog fjr cj ~zorj n lnx#xjniàge yrnrjcjgrngb n ~zjyraog toyjb hq Zfny Ynci`zm;

'''r`jq incj ro Gju Q oxm & Roxogro& Yqbgjq&Hzjgoy Naxjy ro ujbej n tnxr ol r`jax lnrj agro niofoxlzf coynai ol r`j yrnagjb efnyy ol r`j nff#`zcngrjctfj ol jpayrngij' Qoz cnq nym u`nr ay r`jax lzrzxj?R`jax tnyr agytaxjy zy ro otracayc' R`jax abjnfy nytxniraijb ag falj ngb r`jax bjjby loffou ag r`j xae`rbaxjiraog= r`jax ua f f inffy lox nllaxcnraog ol r`jaxcayyaog ag oxbjx ro cjjr r`j uoxfb ngb ro enag aryyzttoxr ngb zgbjxyrngbage'(

Rày yrnrjcjgr ay n |jxq l a r r age coxnf iogifzyaoguài` uaf f xjiralq ngq ac coxn farq ngb uaf f txo|abj ntxot`jrai |ayaog lox yoianf ngb tofarainf rxngyloxcnraog ol ng accaexngr#yjrrfjx ag ày yjnxi` loxxjioegaraog ngb zgbjxyrngbage'

t` Hoomy n|nafnhfjWYffbn cq Taog jxa| ( ag Zmxnagang ! hq Zfny6

Ynci`zm uny tzhfay`jb ag >104 hq Y|ohobn Txjyy&Kjxyjq Iarq& G'K' (R`j Iog~zjxoxy ol r`j Tx naxajy(hqWQnx Yfn|zrqi` uny xjfjnyjb ag >102 hq Yfn|zrn&Jbcogrog& ag n hafagzenf Zmxnagang#Jgefay`!jbaraog' Hor` hoomy nxj n|nafnhfj lxoc r`j Y|ohobnHoomyroxj& 94 Cogreocjxq Yr'& Kjxyjq Iarq& G'K'45948' Txaijy nxj; ">: lox (Yfabncq Taogjxa|(= ">4lox (R`j Iog~zjxoxy ol r`j T xnaxajy'(

RO NFF CJCHJXY OL ZGN HXNGI@ 92Nff cjchjxy nxj nymjb ro tnq r jaxizxxjgr bzjy ny ujff ny ngq nxxjnxy'

; z ( KV;gW]l(%] >W+


13/16

Y t j n m j x y ' ' 'Iogragzjb lxoc tnej 2!

ytjianfayry `jxj ro fjnxg nhozr ràyfarjxnrzxj'(

Ag xjenxb ro r`j fnrj C x' Yrzy& Bx'[`zfqgymq xjtfajb& (R`jxj ay n toyyahafa rq r`nr Yrzy%y uoxmy uaf f hj tzhfay`jb' A hjfaj|j rày uaf f `nttjg rày qjnx'(@j nbbjb r`nr `j àcyjfl `nb uxarrjg ngnxraifj nhozr Yrzy r`nr yòzfb yoog hjtzhfay`jb'

Ag nbbaraog& `j ynab& r`j inyjy oltjxyogy uò ujxj zgkzyrfq tzgay`jb nxjgou hjage xj|ajujb& ngb `j iarjb ny ngjpnctfj @jfa Ygjàxao|& uò uny niijtrjb agro r`j Uxarjxy% Zgaog toyr`zcozyfq ' @j nfyo jptxjyyjb àyotagaog r`nr Cx' Y|jxyrazm uozfb yooghj niijtrjb a gro r`j zgao g ny ujff '

Or`jx rozi`q ayyzjy io|jxjb bzxager`j yqctoyazc%y l agnf tngjf txjyjgrnr aog r`nr ljnrzxjb Cx ' Hoenqj|ymq ujxj

Eanygoyr'''Iogragzjb lxoc tnej 2!tnxrq jfjiraogy& nhofayàge cngq bjtnxrcjgry o l r`j tnxrq uài` o|jxyjjngb bairnrj ro eo|jxgcjgr agyrarzraogy&xjbziage r`j ya{j ol r`j tnxrq nttnxnrzy&jri' R`j cog otofq ol toujx jgkoqjb hqr`j tnxrq'uny ijxrnagfq gor i`nffjgejb'Agbjjb& Eoxhni`j| bjgozgijb r`j abjn

o l n czfr a#tn xrq yqyrjc ny ng (nhzyj olbjcoixnra{nraog'( R`j lzgbncjgrnfnac ol r`j xjloxcy uny xjnffq ro xj#jyrnhfay` tnxrq iogrxof o|jx yoiajrq'

R`j 84 caf f aog yrxoge IocczgayrTnxrq& ar#yòzfb hj gorjb& gj|jx jpayrjbny n tnxrq ag r`j zyznf yjgyj ol n tofarainfoxenga{nraog' N yagefj#tnxrq yqyrjc aynlrjx nff n gog#tnxrq yqyrjc' Xnr`jx& r`jtnxrq fjnbjxyàt ay r`j oxenga{jx olyoiajrq ngb u a r ` a g ar nxj xjtxobzijb nff Wr`j toyyahfj lniraogy ngb agrjxjyry r`nrogj jptjiry ro l agb ag ng jfarj'm R`j jpayrjgij r!l tnrxognej gjruo xmyngb ol lniraognf ngb agyrarzraognf agrjxjyry ay n gnrzxnf rjgbjgiq ol Yo|ajrtofaraiy' Zgbjx Hxj{`gj|& r`j tnxrqfjnbjxyàt uny ujnm ngb niioccobnrage ngb lox r`nr xjnyog Hxj{`gj|yzx|a|jb ny foge ny `j bab' Toujxlzfagrjxjyr exozty ngb lniraogy ujxj nffoujb ro tzxyzj r`jax oug yjfl#agrjxjyrzgàgbjxjb& j|jg u`jg r`jyj ioglfairjbuar` r`j o|jx#nff eoob ol yoiajrq' R`jhnii`ngnfan ol ioxxzt rao g ngb agjllaiajgiq r`nr rày txobzijb uny bqylzgiraognf& ro ynq r`j fjnyr'

Zgbjx r`j ofb nxxngejc jgr& u`jxjr`j tnxrq bocagnrjb ngb agrjxljxjb agj|jxqràge& ar ag jlljir iogrxoffjb ngbbaxjirjb |jxq f a r r fj' R`j hzxjnzixniq%yioxtoxnrayr gnrzxj uny fjnbage ro tof a r ain f bayagrjexnraog' R`zy hq u a r ` bxnuage lxoc j|jxqbnq ngb tjrrq ag rjx|jgraog ag yoiajrq& Eoxhni`j| òtjyr`nr r`j tnxrq uaf f hj ea|jg r`j u`jxjuar`nf ro iogijgrxnrj og r`j yztjx|ayaog ngb r`j yofzraog ol cnkoxtxohfjcy' Eoxhni`j| uny gor jgeneageag bozhfj#ytjnm u`jg `j ynab r`nr r`jtofarainf xjloxcy nacjb nr bjijgrxnfa{nraog uozfb yrxjger`jg r`j tnxrq'

Hz r r`) yziijyy#ol rày tof a r ain fyrxjncfagage uaf f bjtjgb og u`jr`jx r`jjiogocq ing hj cnbj ro lzgiraog coxjnzrogocozyfq& ngb u`jr`jx r`j nttnxnrzy ing hj cnbj ro zgfjnxg arycjbbfage `nhary' Tofarainf xjloxc ay nbjiaya|j hnrr fj lox tjxjy rxoa mn= ar aygjijyynxq ag oxbjx ro cnmj r`j txoijyyol eanygoyr ngb tjxjyrxoamn axxj|jxyahfj&nxezjb Eoxhni`j|& Hzr tnyr jptjxajgijuar` r`j nttnxnrzy uozfb yzeejyr r`nrr`j txoijyy ay yra f f |jxq czi` xj|jxyahfj'

Al ogj ujxj ro foom lox eznxngrjjy olefnygoyr%y tjxcngjgij ag r`j fjenfyt`jxj& yzi` n bjiaya|j nytjir ol r`jyztjxyrxzirzxj& r`jg ogj uozfb hjbaynttoagrjb' R`j xjlox c ol r`j ixa #+caxana iobj , yfo+ #ag ii;'6 Nfròze`

+a`jxjway+ aczj`22y*cya#on nhozr#{n+#moggoyr #W'Kjaenaaaq w+r arc zoci r`nr r`j

r`j yrnrzy ol r`j Zmxnagang InròfaiI`zxi`& r`j Zmxnagang @jfyagma Zgaogngb hfngm ytory ag r`j àyroxq ol A Amxnagjzgbjx Yo|ajr boc agnr aog'

Go fjyy gorjuox r`q nr r`j iogljxjgijuny r`j txjyjgij ol nxrayr Ljboyaq@zcjgazm uò z g r a f xjijgrfq unyiogyabjxjb ag r`j ZYYX ro hj n bayyabjgrnxrayr ngb uny r`j yzhkjir ol |j`jcjgrnrrnimy ag r`j txjyy'

C x' @zcjgazm%y tnagragey ujxj ogbaytfnq bzxage r`j iogljxjgij ngb loxyj|jxnf bnqy r`jxjnlrjx nr r`j Ynczjf K'[nimy Enffjxq nr Yroge Ioffjej ol Q o x mZga|jxyarq' R`j nxr ayr nfyo uny n ytjnmjxnr n tngjf txjyjgrnraog og |ayznf nxr agZmxnagj'

C x' @zcjgazm%y nrrjgbngij nr r`jiogljxjgij `nb hjjg ag bozhr zt z g r a fyj|jxnf bnqy hjloxj ary yrnxr' @ay txjyjgij uny cnbj toyyahfj r`xoze` r`jjlloxry ol Bnxan Bnxju qi`& jpàhariooxbagnrox ngb n ytjnmjx og r`j nxryagar anfy ME H nxj gj|jx cj graogjbjpijtr hq zgollaianf exozty uò `n|jinffjb lox r`j MEHy% nhofaraog!' Gogjr`jfjyy& ar ay zgbjganhfj r`nr r`jcji`ngaycy ol yoianf iogrxof `n|j hjjgexjnrfq xjfnpjb ngb r`nr |aofnraog y ol`zcng xae`ry nxj fjyy lxj~zjgr'

Gjar`jx `ny r`jxj hjjg czi` txoexjyyag xjloxca ge r`j nbcagayr xnrao g; ncogyrjx ioctxayjb ol yocj >0 caf f aogtjotfj' Rxzj& yocj ol r`j xzfjy ol tjrrqhzxjnzixnrayc `n|j hjjg nhofay`jb&r`jxj ay fjyy xjb rntj& r`j ya{j ol r`jnttnxnrzy `ny hjjg cnxeagnffq xjbzijb&rxn|jf ay jnyajx ngb r`jxj `ny hjjg ngjptngyaog ol foinf ngb xjtzhfaingnzrogo cq' Hzr r j hj`jcor` xjcnagyagrnir'

Ro nttxjianrj u`nr n loxcabnhfj lojr`nr nttnxnrzy xjnCq ay& ar `ny r o hjjptjxajgijb' Ny r`j #Zmxnagang uxarjx\ofobqcqx Bxo{b uxorj& (Uj `n|jtxo|jb hjqogb n y`nbou ol bozhr r`nrj|jxqràge ing hj hzxjnzixnra{jb' Ngbuj iogragzj r o txo|j rày o|jx ngb o|jxnenag ag r`j qjnxy ol eanygoyr& u` jg ujtxoifnac fozbfq n cjxiafjyy yrxzeefjnenagyr hzxjnzixnrayc' Ar cnq nttjnxtnxnbopainf& hzr r`j hzxjnzixnra{nraogol r`j |jxq txoijyy ol r`j bjcoixnra{nr a og ol ozx yoiajrq ay n |jxq xjnf bngejx'R`j toujx ol agjxran ay rjxxahfj''' R`jhzxjnzixnry fa|j robnq ny r`jq fa|jbqjyrjxbnq ngb uaf f fa|j rocoxxou r`zy'(Rnrangn [nyfn|ymnqn `ny nxezjb r`nrgoràge yòxr ol n (yoianf xj|ofzr aog(uaf f hxjnm r`j bjnbjgage òfb ol ràynbcagayrxnraog og yoiajrq'

YROT RNPAGE QOZXYJFL'@N\J N TXOLJYYAOGNF TXJTNXJ QOZX RNPJYYRJLNG MNI[NXNK& I T ' N10 YJIOGB N\JGZJ& GJU QOXM& G'Q' >4449(8>8!9:9#8


14/16

Rzxgage r`j tnejy hnim'''Iogragzjb lxoc tnej

ngb r`j xae`ry ol cngmagb& nr 1 n'c'& Zmxnagang txajyry& bjfjenrjy ol Zmxnaganghxor`jxòoby ngb tnrxa orai Zmxnagangy lxoc nff xjeaogy& enr`jxjb nr r`jZmxnagang i`zxi` ag Y`ncomag& Tn' & ro nym r`j Foxb Eob ro `jft r`jc yziijyylzffqhjeag r`jax actoxrngr bjjb r`j lozgbage ol r`j Zmxnagang Xzymqa! GnraognfNyyoianraog'

N ba|agj farzxeq& uài` inffjb lox r`j agrjxijyyaog ol r`j @ofq Ytaxar& unyijfjhxnrjb hq r`j Xj|' Rjolng Ohzy`mj|qi`& n Zmxnagang txajyr lxoc Ofqt`ngr=bzxage r`j farzxeq r j Y` ncomag iòax baxjirjb hq B x' Yacjgo|qi`& raxjfjyy uoxmjx

Y J F L X J F A N G I J K ' I ' ! L J B J X N F I X J B A R Z G A O GCnag Ollaij; ::0 Yzccar N|jgzj& Kjxyjq Iarq& G'K' 4594* Yozr Hxonb Yrxjjr& Rxjgrog& G'K' 40101ag Y\OHOBN ngb R@J ZMXNAGANG UJJMFQU nr hjrrjx unq ro xjni` qozx lncafq ngb lxajgby r ng hq tfniage ng JNYRJX EXJJRAGE ag ogjox hor ol ozx gjuytntjxy' Txaijy nxj ny loffouy;

> agi` hq > iofzcg " 5'44> agi` hq 8 iofzcgy >4'44W8 agi`jy hq 8 iofzcgy 84'449 agi`jy hq 8 iofzcgy 94'442 agi`jy hq 8 iofzcgy 24'44: agi`jy hq 8 iofzcgy :4'44ngb yo og

Exjjragey nxj hjage niijtrjb r xoze ;CNXI@ >:& >101 lox Jnyrjx ayyzj niioxbage ro r j gju infjgbnx!

NTXAF >:& >101 lox Jnyrjx ayyzj niioxbage ro r j ofb infjgbnx!Ro tfnij qozx JNYRJX EXJJRAGE& yactfq yjgb r j rjpr nfoge uar n i`jim ox cogjq oxbjxZY boffnxy! ag r j nttxotxanrj ncozgr ro;

Y\OHOBN94 Cogreocjxq Yrxjjr Kjxyjq Iarq& G'K' 45948

NXJ QOZ TFNGGAGEN UJBBAGE XJIJTRAOG?N LNCAFQ IAXIFJIJFJHXNRAOG?N IFNYY XJZGAOG?N CJJRAGE?OX N INGBFJFAE@RBAGGJX?

YOQZ[A\MN AY NIIJTRAGEGOU XJYJX\NRAOGYLOX >114YOQZ[A\MNUAFF HJ OTJGAG CNXI@

\NXAJB CJGZYNXJ N\NAFNHFJI O . 4 9 a j M N Y O

the ukrainian weekly 1989-08

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