the united states becomes a nation
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SC Standard IB. The United States Becomes a Nation. Standard USHC 1-2. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The United States Becomes a Nation
SC Standard IB
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Standard USHC 1-2
Analyze the early development of representative government and political rights in the American colonies, including the influence of the British political system and the rule of law as written in the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights, and the conflict between the colonial legislatures and the British Parliament over the right to tax that resulted in the American Revolutionary War.
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Representative Government: Origins
Borrowed from EnglandEnglish settlers
knew the Magna Carta & English Bill of Rights
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Representative Government: Origins
Magna Carta: King can’t tax without permission of people
Rule of Law: All people (even the king) must obey the law
These principles were applied to colonial governments
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Early Representative Governments
1. House of Burgesses – Virginia Started to attract
colonists to Jamestown, VA
Only property owners could vote
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Early Representative Governments
1. House of Burgesses – Virginia A social elite
developed – not true democracy
The king eventually appointed a royal governor
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Early Representative Governments
2. The Mayflower Compact▪ Agreement signed by Pilgrims in Mass.
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Early Representative Governments
2. The Mayflower Compact▪ Stated that government gets its authority
from the people
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Early Representative Governments
3. Puritan Ideals▪ Found in New England▪ Men from church
congregations met in town meetings
▪ Each town sent representatives to the General Court in Boston
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Early Representative Governments
All 13 colonies had representative assemblies that could collect taxes
Most had a royal governor (one appointed by the king)
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Events in England
Glorious Revolution King James fled & was replaced by William
& Mary
These new rulers agreedto follow the English Bill of Right
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Events in England
Glorious RevolutionThese new rulers were bound by law!
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Events in England
John LockeWrote The Social
ContractArgued that man has the
natural right to life, liberty, and property
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Events in England
John LockeAuthority to govern rests
on the will of the people
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Events in England
Weakens king, strengthens power of colonial assemblies in eyes of the colonists
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Conflicts with Royal Governors
Colonial legislatures & royal governors often disagreed
Colonists controlled taxes (power of the purse) so the governor usually lost
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Conflicts with Royal Governors
The colonists WERE loyal to the crown, but only wanted their assemblies to have power to tax
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Conflicts with Royal Governors
Parliament began a policy of salutary neglect – Let the people rule themselves
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Letter to the Editor Imagine that you are a colonist in SC in the 1700’s.
You have just heard that Parliament has passed a tax on sugar in the colonies.
Write a Letter to the Editor (2-3 SHORT paragraphs) explaining your thoughts on the matter. Do they have this power? Why/Why not? How should the colonies react to this? How does this make you feel? Why
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Bell Ringer 8/21
Emily was born in the colonies. Her parents emigrated from England in the early 1700s. Her parents came because they were searching for freedom of religion and because her father wanted to work in a large city and make money by exporting agricultural goods.
In which colony did Emily’s family live?A. MassachusettsB. PennsylvaniaC. ConnecticutD. Georgia
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The French & Indian War
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Conflicts with Royal Governors
French & Indian War The French & British went to war in N.
America
To pay for the war, Parliament taxed the colonies & cracked down on smugglers
No more salutary neglect!
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Conflicts with Royal Governors
Navigation Acts –Parliament’s first direct tax on the colonies (vs. indirect Sugar Act)
Stamp Act – Tax on royal notarization
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Conflicts with Royal Governors
Opponents created: A boycott Sons of Liberty Stamp Act
Congress
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Conflicts with Royal Governors
Stamp Act was repealed, but troops were sent to restore order
Boston Massacre – 5 colonists were killed by British soldiers
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Conflicts with Royal Governors
New taxes! The Townshend Act –
was boycotted The Tea Act – Led to
Boston Tea Party The “Intolerable”
Acts – Led to 1st Continental Congress
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Ideas Behind Protests
Colonists wanted “Rights of Englishmen”
“No taxation without representation”
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Conflicts with Royal Governors
British & Colonial troops finally clash at Lexington & Concord, beginning the Revolutionary War
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Cause & Effect
1. Number & list the 5 major actions England took followed by the response of the colonies
Example: 1. British: Created Admiralty Courts
Colonists: Protested courtsIncreased Smuggling
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Homework: Declaration Reading Read the Declaration of Independence
Online / Your textbook
Answer the following questions: Who do you think the DOI was written to? What are the four most important points of the DOI? When was this document signed? Where do you think this document had the most impact? Why did the signers feel they needed independence? How did this influence the course of the Rev. War?
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• Written to colonists who didn’t support independence
• Appealed to natural rights of “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”
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• Government should “secure those rights”
• It was the “right of the people to alter or abolish” governments that didn’t
• Listed how King George III had violated their rights
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What specific charges did the colonists bring?
Who are they pointing them out to?
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• Impact on the Waro The new country could now enter treaties
o After winning the Battle of Saratoga, Europeans believed the colonists could actually win
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• Impact on Revolutionary WaroThe French didn’t support democracy, but
wanted the British defeatedo Sent naval support & suppliesoThe British finally surrendered at Yorktown
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• Domestic Impactso State governments
copied ideals of DOI
o (But still only male property owners could vote)
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• Domestic Impactso States in the North
allowed gradual Emancipation of slaves
o States allowed religious freedoms
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• Do we live out the idea that all men are created equal today?
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• International ImpactsoPeople around the world
have rallied around the call for “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness”
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Declaration of Independence
• When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
• We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. --Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
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Declaration Project – (IN CLASS)
You and your partners will work together to create and perform a political ad.
Your ad will explain the main ideas of the Declaration to the American colonists from the perspective of its authors
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Your Ad Must:
Be at least 2 minutes long Explain the political ideas behind the declaration Identify three specific complaints against the king Include roles for all members of your group
Actor, Narrator, Musician, Prop – Just use them!
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What questions would the colonists have had about the Declaration?
What components of the Declaration MUST be included in an explanation so people understand what it is?
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Portfolio B
• Create a political pamphlet at either argues that the King is just or unjust.
• Pamphlets should have: color, 2 or more pictures, 5 bulleted arguments, and an introduction that summarizes your position
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Bellwork
• What are 3 problems that could happen to an athletic team if the players went for individual stats instead of the team win?
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EQ: What were the failures and accomplishments of the Articles of Confederation?
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• Basically written so 13 countries could work together on some issues
• State governments had almost all power
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• Unicameral (one house) Legislature
• Each state got one vote• No executive• No judiciary
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• Confederation worked when they had a common cause – like the Revolution!
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• NW Ordinance Created – Added the land & set up rules for creating stateso Slavery would be Illegal
there!
o Proves the AoC gov’t can set up new equal states
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• Negotiated the Treaty of Paris (ended the Revolutionary War)
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• Economicso Couldn’t levy taxes – Could only request funds from
states
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• Economicso Shay’s Rebellion - Depression led men to march on
courts to prevent farm foreclosures in Mass. Government couldn’t stop it
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• Diplomacyo British troops didn’t leave all their forts as
promised in the Treaty of Paris
o British wouldn’t resume trade with the colonies
o Spanish wouldn’t allow Americans access to the sea through the port of New Orleans
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• Diplomacyo States were trying to negotiate separately with
foreign countries
o No funds = no army = no ability to back up demands
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• Governmento No authority of the central government
o Power was shared equally between the states & national government
o Articles couldn’t be amended without unanimous consent of ALL states
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“Let’s meet up…”
Delegates from 12/13 states meet in Philadelphia to fix the Articles
After 5 Days of work, the men vote to write a new document we now know as…
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The United States Constitution
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Bell Ringer
A major failing of the United States Government under the Articles of Confederation was its
A. inability to allow the United States to expand.B. inability to regulate commerce among the states.C. failure to allow the United States to conduct foreign
relations.D. failure to settle conflicts over the settlement of
western lands.
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Announcements
• Parking Decals - All students who drive to GMC must get a new 2012/13 parking decal. The application is on our website and the decals will be available on the deck from 7:30-8:00 Monday and Tuesday of this week.
• Trash - Students are reminded to throw away all trash and not leave it lying on the deck or the cafeteria tables. We have not been doing a good job of this.
• Open house is this Thursday and will be from 6-7:30.
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Announcements
• Dress Code - Students need to continue to be in dress code and have all shirts tucked in, belts on, etc. by the time you get on the deck in the mornings.
• This Friday will be a regular dress down day. • Underclassmen $2 for shirts and $3 for pants. • Seniors $1 for shirts and $2 for pants.
• RR Pass Policy Change:• No passes in first or last 20 minutes of class• Wait 5 minutes after last person returns
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The Constitutional Convention
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Objective
1.4 – Identify and explain the major principles of the US Constitution
Any guesses?
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3 Major Conflicts:
1. Representation in Congress
2. Counting Slaves
3. Commerce / Slave Trade
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Representation in Congress
Virginia Plan -Wanted representation based on State’s population
Big states agree
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Representation in Congress
New Jersey Plan - Each state equally represented
Small states agree
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Representation in Congress
The Connecticut (Great) CompromiseBicameral legislatureSenate = all states get two votesHouse of Representatives = votes
based on population
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Counting Slaves in Congress
How should slaves be counted in the south? South wanted them
counted North did not.
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Counting Slaves in Congress
The 3/5 Compromise – Slaves were counted as 3/5 of a person
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Slave Trade Compromise
The South had concerns re: power of the federal gov’t to make treaties
Compromise: Slave trade couldn’t be
stopped for 20 years (1808)
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The Constitution
Despite disagreements, the Framers agreed on: More powerful central
government “We the People…” give
government its power
Finished Sept. 17, 1787
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Bell Ringer
How did the Constitutional Convention delegates resolve the issue of Southern representation in Congress?A. The legislative branch was organized into two separate houses.B. Every five enslaved persons would count as three free persons.C. The Senate and House of Representatives were given special
powers.D. The Electoral College would select the president and vice-
president.
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Political Foundations
• Principle of Sovereignty – National Government holds ultimate authority over the states
• What was this in response to?
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Political Foundations
• Principle of Sovereignty
• Why is this important?
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Objective
1.4 – Identify and explain the major principles of the US Constitution
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Political Foundations
oLimited Government Government can only do what the Constitution says it can
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Political Foundations
oLimited Government
oWhy is this important?
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Political Foundations
oSeparation of Powers – Governmental powers are broken up into 3 branches
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Political Foundations
oSeparation of Powers:oWhy is this important?
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Political Foundations
oChecks and Balances – Branches should hold each other accountable
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Political Foundations
oChecks and Balances:
oWhy is this important?
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Political Foundations
• Federalism – The division between & sharing of power between the state and National Governments
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Political Foundations
• Federalism –
• Why is this important?
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Political Foundations
o Individual Rights – Protect people from the abuses of governmental power
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Political Foundations
o Individual Rights
oWhy is this important?
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Principles of the Constitution
• Create a mini poster that illustrates the 6 principles of the Constitution.
• For each, include the principle, a brief definition and an image that illustrates the concept.
• Your choice: Color OR obvious artistic effort
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Other Tidbits
Taxes must come from House of Reps.
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Other Tidbits
Senators were appointed by states
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Other Tidbits
Electoral college elects the president
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Other Tidbits
Supreme Court justices nominated by president, confirmed by Senate
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Other Tidbits
Are we a democracy or a republic?
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Other Tidbits
We’re a Democratic Republic!
Democratic – we vote for people…Republic – who represent us
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Objective
1.4 – Identify and explain the major principles of the US Constitution
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Homework: Chapter Glossary
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Bell Ringer
Separation of powers means thatA. The House and Senate may never pass joint resolutions
without Presidential approval.B. Each Congressional act is concerned with only one
particular power granted to Congress.C. Powers assigned to the national government are
distinct from those assigned to the states.D. The legislative, executive, and judicial functions are held
by separate people and groups.
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Announcements
Garbage - Students are still making a mess on the deck with food and trash. We have several garbage cans around on the deck. If you make a mess – clean it up.
Electronics - Students are reminded that all electronic devices are to be put away and turned off before entering campus each morning. Electronic devices cannot be used throughout the day without permission.
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Announcements
This Friday will be a regular dress down day. Underclassmen $2 for shirts and $3 for non-dress code pants. Seniors $1 for shirts and $2 for non-dress code pants.
Drivers - some of you are driving too fast in the parking lot and others are “horse-playing” in the parking lot. Cars – speed – and horse-playing do not mix.
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Announcements
Juniors – Herff Jones will be on campus Friday to talk about class rings.\
Baseball meeting September 11th in B7
School pictures will be September 14th.
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Ratification of the Constitution
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•Ratification – The process of approval
9 states had to ratify
Ratification of the Constitution
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•How many states had to agree to ratify the Articles?
Ratification of the Constitution
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Ratification of the Constitution
• Federalists – Supported the strong Federal government of the new Constitution
o Alexander Hamiltono James Madisono John Jay
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Ratification of the Constitution
• Federalistso Represented the elite (upper
classes) from coastal regions
o Wrote the Federalist Papers in NY to support the Constitution
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Ratification of the Constitution
• Antifederalists – Opposed the new Constitution• Wanted strong
state governments
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Ratification of the Constitution
• AntifederalistsoRepresented
backcountry farmers
oDemanded a Bill of Rights to protect people from their government
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Bill of Rights
• 1st 10 Amendments
• Added to ensure ratification of Constitution
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Political Foundations
• Bill of Rights:oFreedom of Speech,
Press, Religion, Assembly
oRight to bear arms
oFair Trials
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Political Foundations
o Protection from: oUnreasonable Search
and Seizure
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The Two Party
System
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Objective
Compare and contrast the beliefs of the first two American political parties
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The Two Party System
Hamilton – Washington’s Secretary of the Treasury Jefferson – Washington’s Secretary of State
Their disagreements lead to our two-party system
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Paying off Bonds
Hamilton
National Government should pay them off
(Wins)
Jefferson
• Don’t pay them off
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Taking Debts of States
Hamilton Gov. should pay
debts of the states
Northern states (in debt) agree
Jefferson• No!
• Southern states (paid debts) agree
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Taking Debts of States
Compromise: State debts taken by government Capital moved further South (to DC)
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National Bank
HamiltonStart a bank to:
Keep $$$ of USA Give loans to cause
economic growth
This is “necessary and proper”
The “elastic clause” allows it
Jefferson• It’s not in the
Constitution!
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National Bank
Hamilton wins – the bank is created
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Protective Tariff
HamiltonYes! It secures
American industry
Jefferson• No! It raises prices
on the farmers!
• (Also, I don’t want industry getting too big)
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Taxing Whiskey
HamiltonTax it! Fewer people
will drink & the government will get more $$!
Jefferson• It hurts farmers who
make whiskey!
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Taxing Whiskey
Whiskey Rebellion: Farmers in PA revolt George Washington leads troops in & the farmers leave Proves there’s a MAJOR split between the two groups
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Hamilton’s Followers
HamiltonWealthy merchantsIndustryNorthSome rich plantation
owners
Federalists“Loose construction”
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Jefferson’s Followers
• Rural & backcountry• “Common man” /
farmers• James Madison• Wanted limited central
government• State governments are
closest to the people
• Democratic-Republicans• Strict Construction
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Two Party System
oStrict Construction - The Constitution should be read literally
oGov’t can’t do anything other than what the Constitution says.
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Two Party System
oLoose Construction – Belief that the Constitution can be bent to allow what is “necessary and proper”
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Example:Your parents tell you “we’re leaving for a
weekend and you can’t have any parties in the house.”
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Strict Constructionist Interpretation
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Loose Constructionist Interpretation
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Foreign Policy
HamiltonSupport the British!
(They’re our mother country!)
Jefferson• Support the French!
(They like our Bill of Rights & helped win the Rev. War!)
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Diplomatic Issues
oAlien and Sedition Acts: gave the government power to arrest & deport dangerous immigrants & others who spoke against the government
oKY and VA Resolutions: Said the laws were unconstitutional & void
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Foreign Policy
HamiltonoThe states don’t
have the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
Jefferson• Yes they do!
• These laws are politically motivated!
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Political Party PosterYou have been hired to create a poster to
represent either the Federalists or the Democratic Republicans containing: Party name – prominent!! Picture of their leader OR the class they represent Include 3 major beliefs of the party A brief (2-3 sentence) explanation of the party’s
view of the Constitution Color!!