the use of aerodisp® fumed silica dispersions to enhance ...€¦ · byk® 420 and disparlon® aq...

The use of AERODISP® fumed silica dispersions to enhance waterborne coatings Technical Information 1371

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Introduction

AERODISP® finely dispersed aggregates

AERODISP® – physical and chemical attributes

PRIMARY ATTRIBUTES – Anti-settling

PRIMARY ATTRIBUTES – Improved film formation

Secondary attributes

Fundamentals for use of AERODISP®

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Table of Contents

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1 Introduction Fumed silica, in various grades and modifications, has been used for decades in the field of coatings as thixotropes, anti-settling and anti-sag agents. However, water, because of its low viscosity and high dielectric constant, has proved to be a poor grinding medium for fumed silica, making it difficult to achieve the degree of de-aggregation and dispersion of particles needed to achieve optimum benefits in waterborne coatings. Without proper dispersion, efficacy is compromised and surface appearance properties suffer. Both of these con-cerns can be overcome by employing pre-made dispersions in water of fumed silica. Evonik Industries offers a wide variety of fumed silica, alumina and titania dispersions in their AERODISP® line of products. Lab evaluations have demonstrated that multiple performance attributes can be enhanced by the use of AERODISP® fumed silica dispersions such as, improvement of pigment, filler and matting agent suspension, reduced tack, improved dirt pick-up resistance, enhanced film strength, and even improved coales-cence of some resins, without compromising gloss and other appearance attributes.

2 AERODISP® finely dispersed aggregates The optimum level of de-aggregation is achieved in the pro-duction of AERODISP®, to provide an aggregate size that will not significantly influence viscosity or negatively impact optical properties. Using standard dispersion methods, it would be extremely difficult to achieve this level of de-aggregation using standard powdered fumed silica in waterborne coatings.

Figure 1 Particle size distribution AERODISP® vs AEROSIL® 200 dispersed in water via sonication

Figure 1 shows the particle size analysis of the AERODISP® W 7520 (20 % solids dispersion of AEROSIL® 200) vs. AEROSIL® 200 dispersed via sonication in water at varying time intervals. As Figure 1 shows, even after 90 seconds of sonication the level of de-aggregation that is achieved in the AERODISP® W 7520 is not possible with standard AEROSIL® 200 in powder form. In most cases, when attempt-ing to disperse powdered fumed silica, a bi-modal distribution is produced with a peak of fine aggregates, and a second peak of much larger particles (comprising aggregates and agglomer-ates). These larger particles negatively affect gloss, haze, and film clarity as can be seen in Figure 2.

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40

1 100.1

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AERODISP® W 7520AEROSIL® 200: 30 sec sonication*AEROSIL® 200: 0 sec sonication*

AEROSIL® 200: 60 sec sonication* AEROSIL® 200: 90 sec sonication*

40 Watts, 39 KHz*Sonication power

Aggregate Size /Microns

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Figure 2 AERODISP® vs AEROSIL® – Optical properties

Resin+ 1 % AEROSIL® 200

Gloss = 61 at 60° Gloss = 79 at 60°

Resin+ 5 % AERODISP W 7520®

AC-337 N Acrylic Resin - Rohm & Haas (4 mils wet)

Figure 2 shows AEROSIL® 200 added to the acrylic resin Rhoplex® AC 337 N and mixed with a high speed disperser at 4000 rpm for 15 min, vs. the AERODISP® W 7520 at equal silica loading, mixed in via hand stirring with lab spatula.

The decrease in gloss and film clarity in the clear system with the standard powered version of fumed silica is due to the inability to break down the large silica agglomerates that are still visible by the naked eye. However, use of the AERODISP® provides the formulator the ability to incorporate the silica easily and already have a very small silica aggregate size with a D50 of approximately 100 nanometers, well below the visible range.

3 AERODISP® – Physical and chemical attributes

Due to its negative charge and acidic nature, standard hydro-philic, fumed silica is somewhat limited in its use in waterborne coatings. AERODISP® fumed silica dispersions are available in both acidic and alkaline forms as well as with cationic modifica-tion, providing the formulator a much greater range of versatil-ity. There are also several stabilizers available to modify the pH based on the needs of the formulator, such as, ammonia, KOH, and NaOH. Various grades of AERODISP® are available with fumed silica ranging in surface area from 90 to 300 m2/g and with solid contents from 12 – 40 % silica. Also offered under the AERODISP® name are dispersions of titania, alumina, and mixed oxides. The full list of AERODISP® products can be found on page 7 in Figure 12. AERODISP® dispersions do not contain solvent or surfactant. Therefore, these dispersions have no impact on VOC’s and very little likelihood of causing incompatibility when added to a formula, as long as the pH of the AERODISP® grade matches the pH range of the coating.

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4 PRIMARY ATTRIBUTES – Anti-settling

Evaluations of AERODISP® as an anti-settling agent were conducted in three types of formulations; a semi-elastomeric masonry coating, an acrylic clear satin wood varnish, and a PUD clear satin wood varnish. AERODISP® aqueous fumed silica dispersions produce efficient results in eliminating hard settling of pigments and matting agents without significantly affecting the viscosity of the waterborne coating. The finely dispersed silica aggregates help pigment, filler, and matting agent particles stay dispersed, and keeps them from re-agglomerating and hard packing. Figures 3, 4, and 5 show the results of using AERODISP® W 7520 as an anti-settling agent in the semi-elastomeric architectural coating, an acrylic clear satin wood varnish, and a PUD clear satin wood varnish.

In the semi-elastomeric masonry coating, the anti-settling effect of the AERODISP® was observed in the reduction of syneresis common to highly pigmented systems. By suspend-ing the pigment particles, the AERODISP® prevents pigment re-agglomeration and the typical liquid layer that is forced to the top in the control.

In all three formulas the AERODISP® was able to eliminate settling without any significant change in viscosity. This is also an advantage when comparing AERODISP® to competitive anti-settling agents, most of which work by increasing the viscosity of the formulation. Anti-settling agents which increase viscosity often negatively impact flow and leveling as can be seen in Figure 6. The photo demonstrates the superior flow and leveling of a formula with AERODISP® brushed out on black glass panels verses formulas with BYK® 420 and Disparlon® AQ 610.

5 % AERODISP® W 7520


10 % AERODISP® W 7520 Control

Control

Control

Figure 4 AERODISP® W 7520 as an Anti-settling Agent in Acrylic Satin Wood Varnish

Figure 3 Elimination of syneresis using AERODISP® W 7520 in semi- elastomeric masonry coating

Figure 5 AERODISP® W 7520 as an Anti-settling Agent PUD Clear Satin Wood Varnish

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In addition to suspension and improved gloss reduction of mat-ted coatings, AERODISP® does not significantly impact Konig hardness of lower gloss systems, as do other typical competi-tive anti-settling technologies. One of the negative aspects of many anti-settling technologies for water based coatings is their inherent negative effects to film hardness. Hard, inorga-nic particles such as silica are known to improve scratch resis-tance and contribute to increase hardness of resins matrices. Figure 9 shows this reduced influence to hardness of a matted resin coating contributed by AERODISP®.

Table 1 60 ° Gloss in Acrylic Clear Satin Wood Varnish, Comparison of Control with No Anti-settling Agent to Formulas With BYK® 420, Disparlon® AQ 610, and AERODISP® W 7520


Disparlon® AQ 610

BYK® 420

1 % AERODISP®

W 7520

0.5 % Disparlon®

AQ 610

0.4 % BYK® 420

1 % AERODISP®

W 7520

0.5 % Disparlon®

AQ 610

0.4 % BYK® 420

60° Gloss

Control 37

0.4 % BYK 420 31

0.5 % Disparlon AQ 610 33

5 % AERODISP® W 7520 20

When evaluating the anti-settling performance of AERODISP® W 7520 vs. the BYK® 420 and Disparlon® AQ 610, 1 % AERODISP® W 7520 showed similar ability to prevent settling at room temperature. This can be seen in Figure 7. At this low addition level, the cost impact to coatings formulas is very minimal.

Along with the improved anti-settling performance and better flow and leveling achieved with the AERODISP® verses alter-native anti-settling technologies, improved matting efficiency was also observed as can be seen in Table 1. Figure 2 showed the AERODISP® in resin alone does not influence gloss by itself. However, there is a dramatic increase in matting effi-ciency (reduction in gloss) due to its ability to keep the matting agent suspended as the film dries.

When the same comparison was done at elevated temperature, the AERODISP® significantly outperformed the BYK and Disparlon products as can be seen in Figure 8.

Figure 6 Leveling Comparison AERODISP® W 7520 vs. BYK® 420 and Disparlon® AQ 610

Figure 7 4 Week Anti-settling Comparison, AERODISP® W 7520 vs. BYK® 420 and Disparlon® AQ 610 at Room Temperature

Figure 8 3 Week Anti-settling Comparison, AERODISP® W 7520 vs. BYK® 420 and Disparlon® AQ 610 at 120 °F

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As AERODISP® does not contain solvent or any wetting addi-tives, it does not contribute to VOC’s. Also due to not contain-ing wetting additives which are often needed to stabilize such types of particle dispersions, problems of incompatibility are far reduced. High compatibility to a wide variety of coatings systems is supported by AERODISP®’s uncomplicated formula of water, fumed silica and pH stabilizer. The major parameter formulators need to be sensitive to is matching the pH of the AERODISP® grade to the final pH of the coating. Flocculation will occur in cases where basic AERODISP® grades are pared with acidic coatings (and vice-a-versa).

AERODISP® helps prevent this cracking due to the reinforc-ing characteristics of fumed silica. Reinforcement is an attri-bute fumed silica has become known for in other highly filled systems, due to is small size and high surface area. Therefore AERODISP® has the potential to increase the fracture resis-tance of the coating. This seems to be the case in softer resins, which don’t have a difficulty coalescing, but do not form a clear film at room temperature due to their tendency to crack, with-out the addition of co-solvent or plasticizer. A plasticizer or co-solvent can be used to overcome this cracking, also lower-ing minimum film forming temperature. However, co-solvents contribute to VOC and plasticizers tend to make films softer and less durable. The AERODISP® is able to overcome this cracking tendency without contribution to VOC, while main-taining or increasing the hardness and durability of a film.

Figure 9 Konig Hardness in Acrylic Clear Satin Wood Varnish, Comparison of No Anti-settling Agent vs. Formulas With BYK® 420, Disparlon® AQ 610 and AERODISP® W 7520

5 PRIMARY ATTRIBUTES – Improved Film Formation

Another attribute observed when evaluating AERODISP® technology in clear latex resins is improved film formation. Through research done by the University of Minnesota, clear understanding was gained as to the mechanism of how AERODISP® improves film formation. In the majority of acrylic resins tested, AERODISP® improved film formation by reduc-ing the coating’s tendency to crack and lowering minimum film forming temperature. In Figure 10 the improvement in film formation is seen with 5 % AERODISP® W 7520 added to the Rhoplex™ AC 337 N acrylic resin, compared to the resin alone. The cracking in the control film is due to natural stresses which occur in the film during the drying process.

Control W 7520 Byk 420 DisparlonAQ 610

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Gloss = 50 at 60° Gloss = 79 at 60°

40 x magnification40 x magnification

Figure 10 Improved Film Formation in Rhoplex™ AC 337 N Acrylic Resin with 5 % AERODISP® W 7520

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The study done by the University of Minnesota shows that AERODISP® is active early in the drying process, immediately reducing the films natural tendency to crack. Results from this study can be seen in Figures 11 – 15.

Figures 11 and 12 show two different resins with AERODISP®, versus the resins alone, under microscopy at various temperatures, on an MFFT (minimum film formation temperature) bar. In both the AC 337 N and EL 2000 resin, the films with the AERODISP® show less cracking at each of the temperatures than the resin alone. Even at temperatures as low as 5 °C the AERODISP® containing samples show less frequent cracking and greater crack spacing. Figure 13 shows the effect of the AERODISP® on the MFFT. In both cases the resins are able to form a complete crack free film at lower temperatures with AERODISP® then the resin alone, avoiding the need for any co-solvent or plasticizer.

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14 °C

17 °C

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14 °C

17 °C

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5 °C

7 °C

15 °C

Figure 11 Reduction of cracking in Rhoplex™ AC 337 N Acrylic with 7 % AERODISP® W 7520 on the right vs. resin alone on the left, at various temperatures

Figure 12 Reduction of cracking in Rhoplex™ EL 2000 Acrylic with 7 % AERODISP® W 7520 on the right vs. resin alone on the left, at various temperatures

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Further indication of AERODISP® reducing cracking tendency in acrylic resins is, by the increased amount of crack spacing at various temperatures with the presence of the AERODISP®. This can be seen in Figures 14 and 15, where crack spacing seen at various temperatures in the AC 337 N and EL 2000 resins alone, is compared to the crack spacing in the resins with AERODISP®. At all of the temperatures there is more space between cracks in the resins with the AERODISP® indicating less crack frequency.

Figure 13 Reduction of MFFT in Rhoplex AC 337 N and EL 2000 acrylic resins from Rohm and Haas with the addition of AERODISP® W 7520

Figure 14 Measurement of crack spacing in films with Rhoplex™ AC 337 N acrylic resin from Rohm and Haas with and without the addition of AERODISP® W 7520 at various drying temperatures

Figure 15 Measurement of crack spacing in films with Rhoplex™ EL 2000 acrylic resin from Rohm and Haas with and without the addition of AERODISP® W 7520 at various drying temperatures

Although not all testing was conclusive, observations would suggest that AERODISP® shows the most improvement in film formation in acrylic resins that contain soft latex particles, with an MMFT of less than 15 °C. These resins would have no prob-lem coalescing at room temperature. Therefore, problems in film formation with these resins would likely be due to crack formation, which the AERODISP® would help to overcome. Film formation problems in resins containing harder particles, or those with an MMFT of greater than 22 °C, would likely be due to lack of coalescence. Because the AERODISP® does not play a role in helping a film coalesce, it would likely not provide any improvement in film formation alone in these instances.

Pure AC Pure ElAC + 7 %AERODISP®

El + 5 %AERODISP®

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AC AC, 7 % SiO2

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6 Secondary Attributes

In all of the formulations tested, along with the clear benefits of anti-settling and improved film formation, the AERODISP® also enhanced other secondary attributes. In the semi-elasto-meric masonry coating, not only was settling prevented, but an improvement in sag resistance, as well as reduction of film tack and dirt pickup was observed. In Figure 16 the improvement in sag resistance is demon-strated, with sag occurring at 35 mils in the system without AERODISP®, while the AERODISP® containing system remains vertical stable even at 45 mils. This improved vertical stability is accomplished without a notable increase in viscosity.

Fumed silica, while not porous, has notable oil absorption and when incorporated into highly filled systems help to reduce the film tack. Due to its ability to absorb and function to fill in small spaces between larger filler and pigment particles, it also helps to make the final coating film less porous, increasing the dirt pickup resistance observed in Figure 17.

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Highly filled systems are often observed to crack on drying as particles shift and cause stress within the film. The ability of the AERODISP® to control particle mobility and support improved particle packing directly influences this interface. Figure 18 illustrates the reduced cracking tendency when AERODISP® is applied. EIFS coating are highly sand filled. As the sand particles shift in the drying process, cracks form, as can be seen in the control. With 5 % AERODISP® W 7520, contributing smaller silica aggregates combined with the absorption nature of the fumed silica itself, help stabilize the motion of the larger sand particles and reduce the stress they cause within the drying film.

Figure 16 Improvement in Sag Resistance with 5 % AERODISP® W 7520 in a Semi-elastomeric Masonry Coating on the left vs. the coating with no AERODISP® on the right

Figure 17 Reduction of Film Tack and Dirt Pickup With 5 % AERODISP® W 7520 in a Semi-elastomeric Masonry Coating on the left vs. the coating with no AERODISP® on the right

Figure 18 Reduction of Cracking in EIFS coating with 5 % AERODISP® W 7520

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Summary

AERODISP® is a new form of a well known, long standing additive that can improve a variety of performance attributes in waterborne coatings. Its easy to use, liquid form overcomes the challenges of using traditional powder versions of fumed silica. As an anti-settling agent AERODISP® proves to be efficient and, demonstrates advantages of good flow and leveling, better heat age stability, better matting efficiency in matted systems, and better Konig hardness, then other technologies. Due to its solvent and surfactant free nature, it is easy to use and very versatile in a wide range of waterborne systems. AERODISP® also provides the potential to lower VOC’s by improving film formation and the possibility to reduce co-solvent with a number of acrylic resins. Along with these main benefits, further performance enhancements gained by using AERODISP® in waterborne coatings are the other secondary attributes that can be expected. These include: • Improved sag resistance • Reduced cracking in highly filled systems • Improved film hardness • Reduced dirt pick-up • Reduced film tack Fumed silica enjoys a long standing tradition to improve a wide variety of coatings performance properties in many types of coating technologies. Now AERODISP® fumed silica dispersions are an innovative form for water based coatings also bringing high performance in an easy-to-use form.

7 Fundamentals for Use of AERODISP®

AERODISP®, due to its low viscosity and lack of solvent and surfactants, can be very easily added to a formula, with little risk of incompatibility, or potential to cause other adverse performance characteristics. However, when formulating with AERODISP® there are several factors which influence perfor-mance. Due to the high surface area and oil absorption of fumed silica, AERODISP® fumed silica dispersions affect pigment volume concentration. Therefore, in highly filled systems the critical pigment volume concentration should be calculated to make sure it is not exceeded with the addition of the AERODISP®. Maintaining consistent pH is also critical to success. The formulation pH will dictate which pH of AERODISP® should be used. As there are both acidic and alkaline versions available, it is important to make sure the appropriate version is selected based on the pH of the formula. The AERODISP® dispersions are generally lower in solids, and the additional water contribution needs to be considered. Due to the extra water being brought into formulations with AERODISP® usage, there needs to be some level of free water in the formu-la which can be substituted with the addition of AERODISP®. Lab evaluations have demonstrated that with certain urethane type rheology modifiers, some synergy occurs whereby more significant increase in viscosity is observed. This can easily be adjusted for by using slightly less of the rheology modifier. AERODISP® can typically be added anywhere in the formula-tion process or even into the grind stage. However, it is recom-mended to add the AERODISP® at the end of the formula or in the letdown stage, before any rheology modifier is added. By using this suggested sequence of addition, if there is synergy between the AERODISP® and the rheology modifier in the formula, the viscosity can be post adjusted by holding out some of the rheology modifier.

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Particle (s) Particle(s) Solids pH-value Viscosity Density Avg Particle Size Stability Stabilization/Commentswt-% mPa · s g/cm3 µm months

SiO2-Dispersion, alkaline

AERODISP® W 7622 SILICA 22 9.5 – 10.5 < 1000 1.13 0.10 6 Ammonium Hydroxide

AERODISP® W 7520 SILICA 20 9.5-10.5 < 100 1.12 0.12 12 Ammonium Hydroxide

AERODISP® W 7520 N SILICA 20 9.5 – 10.5 < 100 1.12 0.12 12 NaOH

AERODISP® W 1226 SILICA 26 9 – 10 < 100 1.16 0.15 6

SiO2-Dispersion, acidic

AERODISP® W 7512 S SILICA 12 5 – 6 < 100 1.07 0.10 12 NH4Cl

AERODISP® W 1714 MOX 14 5 – 6 < 100 1.08 0.16 6 Phosphate



SiO2-Dispersion, cationic

AERODISP® WK 7330 SPECIAL SILICA

30 2.5 – 4 < 1,000 1.2 0.12 12 cationic polymer

Al2O3-Dispersion

AERODISP® W 630 ALUMINA 30 3 – 5 < 2,000 1.26 0.14 6 Acetic Acid

AERODISP® W 440 ALUMINA 40 3 – 5 < 1,000 1.38 0.12 6 Acetic Acid

Special Grades

AERODISP® G 1220 SILICA 20 – < 300 1.23 0.20 6 Ethylene Glycol Dispersion of Silica

AERODISP® W 740 X TITANIA 40 5 – 7 < 300 1.41 < 0.21 6 TiO2 Dispersion – High Energy Milling

Domestic Supply Imported

Figure 19 Full Line of AERODISP® Products and Properties

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Acrylic Clear Satin Control

Material Weight %

AC 337N 74.000

Water 20.000

Tego Foamex 810 0.150

ACEMATT® TS 100 1.500

Proplyene Glycol 0.750

Texanol 3.600

Acrylic Clear Satin – 1 % AERODISP® W 7520

Material Weight %

Rhoplex AC 337 N 74.000


AERODISP® W 7520 1.000


Water 19.000


Texanol 3.600

Formulations:

Acrylic Clear Satin – BYK® 420

Material Weight %

AC 337 N 74.000


BYK 420 0.400


Water 19.600


Texanol 3.600

Acrylic Clear Satin Disparlon® AQ 610

Material Weight %

AC 337 N 40.000


Disparlon AQ 610 0.500


AC 337 N 34.000

Water 19.500


Acrylic Clear Satin – 5 % AERODISP® W 7520

Material Weight %

AC 337 N 74.000




Water 15.000


Texanol 3.600

PUD Clear Satin 5 % AERODISP® W 7520

Material Weight %

Urotuf F-97 84.500

TS 100 2.000

BYK 348 0.250

Mang Hydrocure III 0.150

Water 8.750

Dri RX HF 0.150

DPM 3.500

Surf 104DPM 0.500


Proxel 0.100

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Semi-elastomer Masonry Coating

Material Weight %

Carboset AE 960 45.080

Water 14.463

Drew Plus L-475 0.281


Ethylene Glycol 3.273

Natrosol 250 MBR 0.140

Tamol 850 0.935

Triton CF 10 0.470


Troysan 186 0.187

Kronos 2102 9.350

Optiwhite 9.350

Imsil A 15 7.480

Atomite 5.612

Texanol 1.870


POLYPHASE AFI 0.561

AMMONIA 0.187

Acrysol RM 825 0.200

EIFS – Control

Material Weight %

El-2000 17.851


Nopco NXZ 0.125

TI PURE R-942 4.080

Temisca #15 Sand 8.934

Unimin 50-30 sand 53.310

Minex 4 8.612

Attagel 50 0.627

Rozone 2000 0.188

Texanol 0.250

Acrysol ASE-60 0.470

WATER 5.082

Ammonia (28 %) 0.157

EIFS – 5 % AERODISP® W 7520

Material Weight %

El-2000 17.851


Nopco NXZ 0.125

TI PURE R-942 3.890

Temisca #15 Sand 8.680

Unimin 50-30 sand 53.060

Minex 4 8.360

Attagel 50 0.573

Rozone 2000 0.188

Texanol 0.250

Acrysol ASE-60 0.470


WATER 1.082

Ammonia (28 %) 0.157

PUD Clear Satin 5 % AERODISP® W 7520

Material Weight %

F-97 84.500

OK 412 2.000

BYK 348 0.250

Mang Hydrocure III 0.150

Water 3.750

Dri RX HF 0.150

DPM 3.500

Surf 104 DPM 0.500



Proxel 0.100

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Semi-elastomer Masonry Coating 10 % AERODISP® W 7520

Material Weight %


Water 4.463





Tamol 850 0.935

Triton CF10 0.470


Troysan 186 0.187

Kronos 2102 9.350

Optiwhite 9.350

Imsil A 15 7.480

Atomite 5.612

Texanol 1.870


Polyphase AFI 0.561

AMMONIA 0.187

ACRYSOL RM 825 0.200

AERODISP® W 7520 10.000

Semi-elastomer Masonry Coating 5 % AERODISP® W 7520

Material


Water 9.463





Tamol 850 0.935

Triton CF 10 0.470


Troysan 186 0.187

Kronos 2102 9.350

Optiwhite 9.350

Imsil A15 7.480

Atomite 5.612

Texanol 1.870


Polyphase AFI 0.561

AMMONIA 0.187

ACRYSOL RM825 0.200


Semi-elastomer Masonry Coating

Material Weight %


Water 14.463





Tamol 850 0.935

Triton CF 10 0.470


Troysan 186 0.187

Kronos 2102 9.350

Optiwhite 9.350

Imsil A 15 7.480

Atomite 5.612

Texanol 1.870


POLYPHASE AFI 0.561

AMMONIA 0.187

Acrysol RM 825 0.200

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This information and any recommendations, techni-cal or otherwise, are presented in good faith and believed to be correct as of the date prepared. Recipients of this information and recommendations must make their own determination as to its suit-ability for their purposes. In no event shall Evonik assume liability for damages or losses of any kind or nature that result from the use of or reliance upon this information and recommendations. EVONIK EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (EVEN IF EVONIK IS AWARE OF SUCH PURPOSE) WITH RESPECT TO ANY INFORMATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS PROVIDED. Reference to any trade names used by other companies is neither a recommendation nor an endorsement of the corresponding product, and does not imply that similar products could not be used. Evonik reserves the right to make any changes to the information and/or recommendations at any time, without prior or subsequent notice.

AEROSIL®, AERODISP®, AEROXIDE® and SIPERNAT® are registered trademarks of Evonik Industries or one of its subsidiaries.

BYK® is a registered trademark of BYK-Chemie.Disparlon® is a registered trademark ofKing Industries.

RE-1

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UG

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Europe / Middle-East /Africa / Latin AmericaEvonik Resource Efficiency GmbHBusiness Line SilicaRodenbacher Chaussee 4 63457 HanauGermany phone +49 6181 59-12532 fax +49 6181 59-712532 [email protected]

North America

Evonik CorporationBusiness Line Silica299 Jefferson RoadParsippany, NJ 07054-0677USA phone +1 800 233-8052 fax +1 973 929-8502 [email protected]

Asia Pacific

Evonik (SEA) Pte. Ltd.Business Line Silica3 International Business Park#07-18, Nordic European CentreSingapore 609927 phone +65 6809-6877 fax +65 6809-6677 [email protected]

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the use of aerodisp® fumed silica dispersions to enhance ...€¦ · byk® 420 and disparlon® aq...

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