"the utopian function and the refunctioning of marxism" by norman finkelstein
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Review: The Utopian Function and the Refunctioning of MarxismAuthor(s): Norman FinkelsteinSource: Diacritics, Vol. 19, No. 2 (Summer, 1989), pp. 54-65Published by: The Johns Hopkins University PressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/465410
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T H E UTOPIAN FUNCTION
A N D T H E
REFUNCTIONINGF
MARXISM
NORMANFINKELSTEIN
Ernst Bloch. THEUTOPIANFUNCTIONOFARTAND LITERATURE:
SELECTEDESSAYS. Trans. Jack Zipes and Frank Mecklenburg.
Cambridge: MITP, 1988.
Substantialquantitiesof what Theodor Adorno once called "grosseBlochmusik"haverecentlybeen rendered ntoEnglish;theresultsaresureto
providemore fuel for a numberof long, ragingcriticaldebates. I am not
referringo theflurryof reviewsinthepopularpress[Ster, Wieseltier]which
greetedThePrinciple of Hope upon its appearance n 1986: these minor
classics of centristapparatchikprosemustgo unexaminedatpresent,despitetheirundeniableabilityto attach hemselves,vampire-like, o theweakest-
or mostvexing-of Bloch's ideas. Besides, no suchexpressionof eighties-
style red-baitingwill be producedto mark the publicationof The UtopianFunctionofArtandLiterature,whichmay provea moreimmediatelyuseful
book than Bloch's three-volumemasterpiece,at least to those intellectualswho are at all sympathetic o the marxisttradition.
Thethreevolumes of ThePrincipleof Hope,mostlywritten ntheforties,
while Bloch was in exile in theUnitedStates,appearedn EastGermany n1952, 1954, and 1959, and as Jack Zipes says, "establishedBloch as theforemostunorthodoxMarxistphilosophernperhaps hemost Stalinistof theEasternBloc countries. In this enormous work Bloch mapped out the
formationsof thenot-yet-consciousas theytakeshapein daydreams,wish-
landscapes,andreligious,scientific,political,andartisticevents of significa-tion" [xxiii]. For The UtopianFunction of Art and Literature,Zipes and
FrankMecklenburghave selected a numberof crucial sectionson aesthetic
theory,aswell as sections onarchitecture, ainting, heater,opera, airytales,and poetry. They have also included essays on literature rom the 1965
LiterarischeAufsdtze someof which date from hethirties),and,tocompletea surveyof Bloch's career,an extractfromTheSpiritof Utopia (1918) andadialoguewithAdomo(1972). Thus TheUtopianFunctionprovidesamorereasonable introduction o Bloch's thoughtthanthe massive Principle ofHope and in this respect replaces the excellent but long-out-of-printA
Philosophy of theFuture,the 1970 translation f theTiibingerEinleitung ndie Philosophie, volume 1. And while The UtopianFunction of Art andLiteraturedoes indeedconcentrateon aestheticissues, Bloch's writingonsuch matters s always an imbricateddiscourse in which layers of abstract
T H E UTOPIAN FUNCTION
A N D T H E
REFUNCTIONINGF
MARXISM
NORMANFINKELSTEIN
Ernst Bloch. THEUTOPIANFUNCTIONOFARTAND LITERATURE:
SELECTEDESSAYS. Trans. Jack Zipes and Frank Mecklenburg.
Cambridge: MITP, 1988.
Substantialquantitiesof what Theodor Adorno once called "grosseBlochmusik"haverecentlybeen rendered ntoEnglish;theresultsaresureto
providemore fuel for a numberof long, ragingcriticaldebates. I am not
referringo theflurryof reviewsinthepopularpress[Ster, Wieseltier]which
greetedThePrinciple of Hope upon its appearance n 1986: these minor
classics of centristapparatchikprosemustgo unexaminedatpresent,despitetheirundeniableabilityto attach hemselves,vampire-like, o theweakest-
or mostvexing-of Bloch's ideas. Besides, no suchexpressionof eighties-
style red-baitingwill be producedto mark the publicationof The UtopianFunctionofArtandLiterature,whichmay provea moreimmediatelyuseful
book than Bloch's three-volumemasterpiece,at least to those intellectualswho are at all sympathetic o the marxisttradition.
Thethreevolumes of ThePrincipleof Hope,mostlywritten ntheforties,
while Bloch was in exile in theUnitedStates,appearedn EastGermany n1952, 1954, and 1959, and as Jack Zipes says, "establishedBloch as theforemostunorthodoxMarxistphilosophernperhaps hemost Stalinistof theEasternBloc countries. In this enormous work Bloch mapped out the
formationsof thenot-yet-consciousas theytakeshapein daydreams,wish-
landscapes,andreligious,scientific,political,andartisticevents of significa-tion" [xxiii]. For The UtopianFunction of Art and Literature,Zipes and
FrankMecklenburghave selected a numberof crucial sectionson aesthetic
theory,aswell as sections onarchitecture, ainting, heater,opera, airytales,and poetry. They have also included essays on literature rom the 1965
LiterarischeAufsdtze someof which date from hethirties),and,tocompletea surveyof Bloch's career,an extractfromTheSpiritof Utopia (1918) andadialoguewithAdomo(1972). Thus TheUtopianFunctionprovidesamorereasonable introduction o Bloch's thoughtthanthe massive Principle ofHope and in this respect replaces the excellent but long-out-of-printA
Philosophy of theFuture,the 1970 translation f theTiibingerEinleitung ndie Philosophie, volume 1. And while The UtopianFunction of Art andLiteraturedoes indeedconcentrateon aestheticissues, Bloch's writingonsuch matters s always an imbricateddiscourse in which layers of abstract
T H E UTOPIAN FUNCTION
A N D T H E
REFUNCTIONINGF
MARXISM
NORMANFINKELSTEIN
Ernst Bloch. THEUTOPIANFUNCTIONOFARTAND LITERATURE:
SELECTEDESSAYS. Trans. Jack Zipes and Frank Mecklenburg.
Cambridge: MITP, 1988.
Substantialquantitiesof what Theodor Adorno once called "grosseBlochmusik"haverecentlybeen rendered ntoEnglish;theresultsaresureto
providemore fuel for a numberof long, ragingcriticaldebates. I am not
referringo theflurryof reviewsinthepopularpress[Ster, Wieseltier]which
greetedThePrinciple of Hope upon its appearance n 1986: these minor
classics of centristapparatchikprosemustgo unexaminedatpresent,despitetheirundeniableabilityto attach hemselves,vampire-like, o theweakest-
or mostvexing-of Bloch's ideas. Besides, no suchexpressionof eighties-
style red-baitingwill be producedto mark the publicationof The UtopianFunctionofArtandLiterature,whichmay provea moreimmediatelyuseful
book than Bloch's three-volumemasterpiece,at least to those intellectualswho are at all sympathetic o the marxisttradition.
Thethreevolumes of ThePrincipleof Hope,mostlywritten ntheforties,
while Bloch was in exile in theUnitedStates,appearedn EastGermany n1952, 1954, and 1959, and as Jack Zipes says, "establishedBloch as theforemostunorthodoxMarxistphilosophernperhaps hemost Stalinistof theEasternBloc countries. In this enormous work Bloch mapped out the
formationsof thenot-yet-consciousas theytakeshapein daydreams,wish-
landscapes,andreligious,scientific,political,andartisticevents of significa-tion" [xxiii]. For The UtopianFunction of Art and Literature,Zipes and
FrankMecklenburghave selected a numberof crucial sectionson aesthetic
theory,aswell as sections onarchitecture, ainting, heater,opera, airytales,and poetry. They have also included essays on literature rom the 1965
LiterarischeAufsdtze someof which date from hethirties),and,tocompletea surveyof Bloch's career,an extractfromTheSpiritof Utopia (1918) andadialoguewithAdomo(1972). Thus TheUtopianFunctionprovidesamorereasonable introduction o Bloch's thoughtthanthe massive Principle ofHope and in this respect replaces the excellent but long-out-of-printA
Philosophy of theFuture,the 1970 translation f theTiibingerEinleitung ndie Philosophie, volume 1. And while The UtopianFunction of Art andLiteraturedoes indeedconcentrateon aestheticissues, Bloch's writingonsuch matters s always an imbricateddiscourse in which layers of abstract
T H E UTOPIAN FUNCTION
A N D T H E
REFUNCTIONINGF
MARXISM
NORMANFINKELSTEIN
Ernst Bloch. THEUTOPIANFUNCTIONOFARTAND LITERATURE:
SELECTEDESSAYS. Trans. Jack Zipes and Frank Mecklenburg.
Cambridge: MITP, 1988.
Substantialquantitiesof what Theodor Adorno once called "grosseBlochmusik"haverecentlybeen rendered ntoEnglish;theresultsaresureto
providemore fuel for a numberof long, ragingcriticaldebates. I am not
referringo theflurryof reviewsinthepopularpress[Ster, Wieseltier]which
greetedThePrinciple of Hope upon its appearance n 1986: these minor
classics of centristapparatchikprosemustgo unexaminedatpresent,despitetheirundeniableabilityto attach hemselves,vampire-like, o theweakest-
or mostvexing-of Bloch's ideas. Besides, no suchexpressionof eighties-
style red-baitingwill be producedto mark the publicationof The UtopianFunctionofArtandLiterature,whichmay provea moreimmediatelyuseful
book than Bloch's three-volumemasterpiece,at least to those intellectualswho are at all sympathetic o the marxisttradition.
Thethreevolumes of ThePrincipleof Hope,mostlywritten ntheforties,
while Bloch was in exile in theUnitedStates,appearedn EastGermany n1952, 1954, and 1959, and as Jack Zipes says, "establishedBloch as theforemostunorthodoxMarxistphilosophernperhaps hemost Stalinistof theEasternBloc countries. In this enormous work Bloch mapped out the
formationsof thenot-yet-consciousas theytakeshapein daydreams,wish-
landscapes,andreligious,scientific,political,andartisticevents of significa-tion" [xxiii]. For The UtopianFunction of Art and Literature,Zipes and
FrankMecklenburghave selected a numberof crucial sectionson aesthetic
theory,aswell as sections onarchitecture, ainting, heater,opera, airytales,and poetry. They have also included essays on literature rom the 1965
LiterarischeAufsdtze someof which date from hethirties),and,tocompletea surveyof Bloch's career,an extractfromTheSpiritof Utopia (1918) andadialoguewithAdomo(1972). Thus TheUtopianFunctionprovidesamorereasonable introduction o Bloch's thoughtthanthe massive Principle ofHope and in this respect replaces the excellent but long-out-of-printA
Philosophy of theFuture,the 1970 translation f theTiibingerEinleitung ndie Philosophie, volume 1. And while The UtopianFunction of Art andLiteraturedoes indeedconcentrateon aestheticissues, Bloch's writingonsuch matters s always an imbricateddiscourse in which layers of abstract
T H E UTOPIAN FUNCTION
A N D T H E
REFUNCTIONINGF
MARXISM
NORMANFINKELSTEIN
Ernst Bloch. THEUTOPIANFUNCTIONOFARTAND LITERATURE:
SELECTEDESSAYS. Trans. Jack Zipes and Frank Mecklenburg.
Cambridge: MITP, 1988.
Substantialquantitiesof what Theodor Adorno once called "grosseBlochmusik"haverecentlybeen rendered ntoEnglish;theresultsaresureto
providemore fuel for a numberof long, ragingcriticaldebates. I am not
referringo theflurryof reviewsinthepopularpress[Ster, Wieseltier]which
greetedThePrinciple of Hope upon its appearance n 1986: these minor
classics of centristapparatchikprosemustgo unexaminedatpresent,despitetheirundeniableabilityto attach hemselves,vampire-like, o theweakest-
or mostvexing-of Bloch's ideas. Besides, no suchexpressionof eighties-
style red-baitingwill be producedto mark the publicationof The UtopianFunctionofArtandLiterature,whichmay provea moreimmediatelyuseful
book than Bloch's three-volumemasterpiece,at least to those intellectualswho are at all sympathetic o the marxisttradition.
Thethreevolumes of ThePrincipleof Hope,mostlywritten ntheforties,
while Bloch was in exile in theUnitedStates,appearedn EastGermany n1952, 1954, and 1959, and as Jack Zipes says, "establishedBloch as theforemostunorthodoxMarxistphilosophernperhaps hemost Stalinistof theEasternBloc countries. In this enormous work Bloch mapped out the
formationsof thenot-yet-consciousas theytakeshapein daydreams,wish-
landscapes,andreligious,scientific,political,andartisticevents of significa-tion" [xxiii]. For The UtopianFunction of Art and Literature,Zipes and
FrankMecklenburghave selected a numberof crucial sectionson aesthetic
theory,aswell as sections onarchitecture, ainting, heater,opera, airytales,and poetry. They have also included essays on literature rom the 1965
LiterarischeAufsdtze someof which date from hethirties),and,tocompletea surveyof Bloch's career,an extractfromTheSpiritof Utopia (1918) andadialoguewithAdomo(1972). Thus TheUtopianFunctionprovidesamorereasonable introduction o Bloch's thoughtthanthe massive Principle ofHope and in this respect replaces the excellent but long-out-of-printA
Philosophy of theFuture,the 1970 translation f theTiibingerEinleitung ndie Philosophie, volume 1. And while The UtopianFunction of Art andLiteraturedoes indeedconcentrateon aestheticissues, Bloch's writingonsuch matters s always an imbricateddiscourse in which layers of abstract
T H E UTOPIAN FUNCTION
A N D T H E
REFUNCTIONINGF
MARXISM
NORMANFINKELSTEIN
Ernst Bloch. THEUTOPIANFUNCTIONOFARTAND LITERATURE:
SELECTEDESSAYS. Trans. Jack Zipes and Frank Mecklenburg.
Cambridge: MITP, 1988.
Substantialquantitiesof what Theodor Adorno once called "grosseBlochmusik"haverecentlybeen rendered ntoEnglish;theresultsaresureto
providemore fuel for a numberof long, ragingcriticaldebates. I am not
referringo theflurryof reviewsinthepopularpress[Ster, Wieseltier]which
greetedThePrinciple of Hope upon its appearance n 1986: these minor
classics of centristapparatchikprosemustgo unexaminedatpresent,despitetheirundeniableabilityto attach hemselves,vampire-like, o theweakest-
or mostvexing-of Bloch's ideas. Besides, no suchexpressionof eighties-
style red-baitingwill be producedto mark the publicationof The UtopianFunctionofArtandLiterature,whichmay provea moreimmediatelyuseful
book than Bloch's three-volumemasterpiece,at least to those intellectualswho are at all sympathetic o the marxisttradition.
Thethreevolumes of ThePrincipleof Hope,mostlywritten ntheforties,
while Bloch was in exile in theUnitedStates,appearedn EastGermany n1952, 1954, and 1959, and as Jack Zipes says, "establishedBloch as theforemostunorthodoxMarxistphilosophernperhaps hemost Stalinistof theEasternBloc countries. In this enormous work Bloch mapped out the
formationsof thenot-yet-consciousas theytakeshapein daydreams,wish-
landscapes,andreligious,scientific,political,andartisticevents of significa-tion" [xxiii]. For The UtopianFunction of Art and Literature,Zipes and
FrankMecklenburghave selected a numberof crucial sectionson aesthetic
theory,aswell as sections onarchitecture, ainting, heater,opera, airytales,and poetry. They have also included essays on literature rom the 1965
LiterarischeAufsdtze someof which date from hethirties),and,tocompletea surveyof Bloch's career,an extractfromTheSpiritof Utopia (1918) andadialoguewithAdomo(1972). Thus TheUtopianFunctionprovidesamorereasonable introduction o Bloch's thoughtthanthe massive Principle ofHope and in this respect replaces the excellent but long-out-of-printA
Philosophy of theFuture,the 1970 translation f theTiibingerEinleitung ndie Philosophie, volume 1. And while The UtopianFunction of Art andLiteraturedoes indeedconcentrateon aestheticissues, Bloch's writingonsuch matters s always an imbricateddiscourse in which layers of abstract
diacritics 19.2 (1989): 54-65iacritics 19.2 (1989): 54-65iacritics 19.2 (1989): 54-65iacritics 19.2 (1989): 54-65iacritics 19.2 (1989): 54-65iacritics 19.2 (1989): 54-65444444
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WORKS CITED
Biale,David. GershomScholem: KabbalahandCounter-History.Cambridge:Harvard
UP, 1979.
Bloch, Ernst. A Philosophyof theFuture. Trans.JohnCumming. New York: Herder
& Herder,1970.Derrida,Jacques. "Structure, ign, andPlay in the Discourse of the HumanSciences."
TheStructuralistControversy.Ed. RichardMackseyandEugenio Donato. Balti-
more: JohnsHopkinsUP, 1972. 247-72.
Eagleton, Terry. CriticismandIdeology. London: NLB, 1976.
. "Fredric ameson: ThePoliticsof Style." AgainsttheGrain:Essays,1975-1985.
London: Verso, 1986. 65-78.
Finkelstein,Norman. TheUtopianMoment n ContemporaryAmericanPoetry. Lewis-
burg,PA: BucknellUP, 1988.
Habermas,Jiirgen."ErnstBloch: A MarxistRomantic."Salmagundi10/11 (1969-70):
311-25.Hudson,Wayne. TheMarxistPhilosophyofErnstBloch. New York: St.Martin's,1982.
Jameson,Fredric. MarxismandForm. Princeton:PrincetonUP, 1971.
. "Postmodernism,rTheCulturalLogicof LateCapitalism."NewLeftReview146
(1984): 53-92.
Kundera,Milan. The Book of Laughterand Forgetting. Trans.MichaelHenryHeim.
New York: Penguin, 1981.
.Life Is Elsewhere. Trans.PeterKussi. New York: Penguin, 1986.
Rabinbach,Anson. "Benjamin,Bloch and Moder GermanJewish Messianism."New
GermanCritique34 (1985): 78-124.
Scholem, Gershom. TheMessianic Idea in Judaism. New York: Schocken, 1971.
Ster, J. P. "Marxismon Stilts." NewRepublic9 Mar. 1987: 38-42.
Wieseltier,Leon. "Under heSpell of Paradise."New YorkTimesBookReview 23 Nov.
1986: 44.
WORKS CITED
Biale,David. GershomScholem: KabbalahandCounter-History.Cambridge:Harvard
UP, 1979.
Bloch, Ernst. A Philosophyof theFuture. Trans.JohnCumming. New York: Herder
& Herder,1970.Derrida,Jacques. "Structure, ign, andPlay in the Discourse of the HumanSciences."
TheStructuralistControversy.Ed. RichardMackseyandEugenio Donato. Balti-
more: JohnsHopkinsUP, 1972. 247-72.
Eagleton, Terry. CriticismandIdeology. London: NLB, 1976.
. "Fredric ameson: ThePoliticsof Style." AgainsttheGrain:Essays,1975-1985.
London: Verso, 1986. 65-78.
Finkelstein,Norman. TheUtopianMoment n ContemporaryAmericanPoetry. Lewis-
burg,PA: BucknellUP, 1988.
Habermas,Jiirgen."ErnstBloch: A MarxistRomantic."Salmagundi10/11 (1969-70):
311-25.Hudson,Wayne. TheMarxistPhilosophyofErnstBloch. New York: St.Martin's,1982.
Jameson,Fredric. MarxismandForm. Princeton:PrincetonUP, 1971.
. "Postmodernism,rTheCulturalLogicof LateCapitalism."NewLeftReview146
(1984): 53-92.
Kundera,Milan. The Book of Laughterand Forgetting. Trans.MichaelHenryHeim.
New York: Penguin, 1981.
.Life Is Elsewhere. Trans.PeterKussi. New York: Penguin, 1986.
Rabinbach,Anson. "Benjamin,Bloch and Moder GermanJewish Messianism."New
GermanCritique34 (1985): 78-124.
Scholem, Gershom. TheMessianic Idea in Judaism. New York: Schocken, 1971.
Ster, J. P. "Marxismon Stilts." NewRepublic9 Mar. 1987: 38-42.
Wieseltier,Leon. "Under heSpell of Paradise."New YorkTimesBookReview 23 Nov.
1986: 44.
WORKS CITED
Biale,David. GershomScholem: KabbalahandCounter-History.Cambridge:Harvard
UP, 1979.
Bloch, Ernst. A Philosophyof theFuture. Trans.JohnCumming. New York: Herder
& Herder,1970.Derrida,Jacques. "Structure, ign, andPlay in the Discourse of the HumanSciences."
TheStructuralistControversy.Ed. RichardMackseyandEugenio Donato. Balti-
more: JohnsHopkinsUP, 1972. 247-72.
Eagleton, Terry. CriticismandIdeology. London: NLB, 1976.
. "Fredric ameson: ThePoliticsof Style." AgainsttheGrain:Essays,1975-1985.
London: Verso, 1986. 65-78.
Finkelstein,Norman. TheUtopianMoment n ContemporaryAmericanPoetry. Lewis-
burg,PA: BucknellUP, 1988.
Habermas,Jiirgen."ErnstBloch: A MarxistRomantic."Salmagundi10/11 (1969-70):
311-25.Hudson,Wayne. TheMarxistPhilosophyofErnstBloch. New York: St.Martin's,1982.
Jameson,Fredric. MarxismandForm. Princeton:PrincetonUP, 1971.
. "Postmodernism,rTheCulturalLogicof LateCapitalism."NewLeftReview146
(1984): 53-92.
Kundera,Milan. The Book of Laughterand Forgetting. Trans.MichaelHenryHeim.
New York: Penguin, 1981.
.Life Is Elsewhere. Trans.PeterKussi. New York: Penguin, 1986.
Rabinbach,Anson. "Benjamin,Bloch and Moder GermanJewish Messianism."New
GermanCritique34 (1985): 78-124.
Scholem, Gershom. TheMessianic Idea in Judaism. New York: Schocken, 1971.
Ster, J. P. "Marxismon Stilts." NewRepublic9 Mar. 1987: 38-42.
Wieseltier,Leon. "Under heSpell of Paradise."New YorkTimesBookReview 23 Nov.
1986: 44.
WORKS CITED
Biale,David. GershomScholem: KabbalahandCounter-History.Cambridge:Harvard
UP, 1979.
Bloch, Ernst. A Philosophyof theFuture. Trans.JohnCumming. New York: Herder
& Herder,1970.Derrida,Jacques. "Structure, ign, andPlay in the Discourse of the HumanSciences."
TheStructuralistControversy.Ed. RichardMackseyandEugenio Donato. Balti-
more: JohnsHopkinsUP, 1972. 247-72.
Eagleton, Terry. CriticismandIdeology. London: NLB, 1976.
. "Fredric ameson: ThePoliticsof Style." AgainsttheGrain:Essays,1975-1985.
London: Verso, 1986. 65-78.
Finkelstein,Norman. TheUtopianMoment n ContemporaryAmericanPoetry. Lewis-
burg,PA: BucknellUP, 1988.
Habermas,Jiirgen."ErnstBloch: A MarxistRomantic."Salmagundi10/11 (1969-70):
311-25.Hudson,Wayne. TheMarxistPhilosophyofErnstBloch. New York: St.Martin's,1982.
Jameson,Fredric. MarxismandForm. Princeton:PrincetonUP, 1971.
. "Postmodernism,rTheCulturalLogicof LateCapitalism."NewLeftReview146
(1984): 53-92.
Kundera,Milan. The Book of Laughterand Forgetting. Trans.MichaelHenryHeim.
New York: Penguin, 1981.
.Life Is Elsewhere. Trans.PeterKussi. New York: Penguin, 1986.
Rabinbach,Anson. "Benjamin,Bloch and Moder GermanJewish Messianism."New
GermanCritique34 (1985): 78-124.
Scholem, Gershom. TheMessianic Idea in Judaism. New York: Schocken, 1971.
Ster, J. P. "Marxismon Stilts." NewRepublic9 Mar. 1987: 38-42.
Wieseltier,Leon. "Under heSpell of Paradise."New YorkTimesBookReview 23 Nov.
1986: 44.
WORKS CITED
Biale,David. GershomScholem: KabbalahandCounter-History.Cambridge:Harvard
UP, 1979.
Bloch, Ernst. A Philosophyof theFuture. Trans.JohnCumming. New York: Herder
& Herder,1970.Derrida,Jacques. "Structure, ign, andPlay in the Discourse of the HumanSciences."
TheStructuralistControversy.Ed. RichardMackseyandEugenio Donato. Balti-
more: JohnsHopkinsUP, 1972. 247-72.
Eagleton, Terry. CriticismandIdeology. London: NLB, 1976.
. "Fredric ameson: ThePoliticsof Style." AgainsttheGrain:Essays,1975-1985.
London: Verso, 1986. 65-78.
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