The causes and the remedies The causes and the remedies of the water pollutionof the water pollution

THE WATER

WATER ON THE EARTH Water in nature is one of the

main constituents of ecosystems and is the basis of all known life forms, including humans. It was the basis of the origin of life on our planet and it is essential to civil, agricultural and industrial use. Men recognized since ancient times its importance, and identified as one of the main constituents of the universe, giving it a deep symbolic value, found in major religions.

THE WATER POLLUTION

Poland water pollution

Italy water pollution

Assessment of the degree Assessment of the degree of pollutionof pollution

The degree of pollution is determined by the so-calledThe degree of pollution is determined by the so-called iindicatorsndicators of pollution, which refers to the of pollution, which refers to the

concentration of the substance in milligrams per 1 dm ³ concentration of the substance in milligrams per 1 dm ³ of water. One of the most important indicators of of water. One of the most important indicators of

surface water pollution is the concentration of surface water pollution is the concentration of dissolved oxygendissolved oxygen, which can take the maximum value , which can take the maximum value

of 8.9 mg/dm3 - lower concentration of oxygen indicates of 8.9 mg/dm3 - lower concentration of oxygen indicates the pollution of organic compounds, biochemical the pollution of organic compounds, biochemical

degradation, decrease in oxygen concentrations below degradation, decrease in oxygen concentrations below 4 mg/dm3 causes death of many aquatic organisms . 4 mg/dm3 causes death of many aquatic organisms . Other indicators of pollution of natural waters are: Other indicators of pollution of natural waters are:

biochemical oxygen demandbiochemical oxygen demand, which is a measure of , which is a measure of the content of biochemical degradable organic the content of biochemical degradable organic

compounds, compounds, chemical oxygen demandchemical oxygen demand - a measure of - a measure of the contents of all organic compounds, the presence of the contents of all organic compounds, the presence of

suspended mineral and organic, and inorganic and suspended mineral and organic, and inorganic and organic compounds of nitrogen, phosphorusorganic compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus..

Water pollution is divided into:

Natural, derived from impurities contained in the

surface waters and groundwater’s

Artificial associated with human activity:

a) biological, due to the presence of pathogenic

microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, algae, fungi,

protozoa and their toxinsb) chemical, refer to changes in

chemical composition and pH. These include oil, petrol,

grease, oil, detergents, pesticides, fertilizers, aromatic

hydrocarbons, heavy metal salts, strong acids, alkalis,

phenols and cresols.

Protection of water resources is primarily on the technical solution, such as:

- the application of technology without wastewater- of aeration of stagnant water- by closing water circuits- for mine water recycling and re-injection of water into the ground- to secure the dumps and landfills- a wastewater treatment

Methods of wastewater treatment: - Mechanical-

consisting of the removal of insoluble impurities- Chemical-precipitation consisting of certain soluble compounds or their neutralization- The most important in the biological wastewater treatment technologies, involving the purification of pollutants by the action of microorganisms

Wastewater Treatment Technology

Water contamination in Czestochowa:

Major water pollution and sediments come from municipal and industrial wastewater and runoff pollution of the area of

agricultural crops. Stradomka`s water is polluted by industrial waste water and rainwater drainage. Smaller industrial plants located in Czestochowa discharge wastewater into municipal

sewage systems and municipal wastewater to the Central Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant Company "Warta" in

Czestochowa.

Purpose of wastewater treatment :

The primary objective of wastewater treatment is to protect the natural environment, and above all to

protect the purity of surface waters.

Causes of water Causes of water pollution in Italypollution in Italy

They contain large amounts of human excrement and should be purified. Unfortunately they are not (just half of them).

Sludges can contain microorganisms that cause diseases (cholera, salmonellosis, etc.), and can be very dangerous for men.

The sewers of the city

Agriculture

Pesticides used in agriculture remain on the ground and plants, so when it rains the water enters in the ground and it becomes polluted.

Then water reaches water-bearing stratums where nitrates and phosphates, which are in it becouse of fertilizers used in agriculture, are released and then they spread.

The toxic industrial wasteThe toxic industrial waste

Heavy metals (mercury, Heavy metals (mercury, often used as a fungicide; often used as a fungicide; lead used in batterieslead used in batteries, , etc.)etc.)

The metal oxides and The metal oxides and other other products of the products of the pharmaceutical industry. pharmaceutical industry.

Hydrocarbons toxic (used Hydrocarbons toxic (used to make insecticides such to make insecticides such as DDT or processing of as DDT or processing of plastics and paints) plastics and paints)

Industries released Industries released toxic wastetoxic waste, which contain , which contain Heavy metalsHeavy metals,, HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons and C and Chhromium, in romium, in rivers and seas.rivers and seas.

Oil pollutionOil pollution Most of the seas are polluted by oil, Most of the seas are polluted by oil,

and one of the most polluted seas in and one of the most polluted seas in the world is the Mediterranean, the world is the Mediterranean, because its waters are renewed very because its waters are renewed very slowly (80-100 years). slowly (80-100 years).

Some oil tankers wash their tanks with Some oil tankers wash their tanks with sea water, and there are also a lot of sea water, and there are also a lot of accidents. In this way, million tons of accidents. In this way, million tons of oil are discharged into the oceans. oil are discharged into the oceans. Mediterranean (only 1% of the world Mediterranean (only 1% of the world seas) concentrates 28% of global oil seas) concentrates 28% of global oil pollution.pollution.

The oil forms a thick, surface layer, The oil forms a thick, surface layer, called "black tide", which prevents called "black tide", which prevents oxygenation of water and sunlight oxygenation of water and sunlight penetration. Organisms cannot live penetration. Organisms cannot live without oxygen and sunlight. So the without oxygen and sunlight. So the damages to the enviroment are damages to the enviroment are irreparable.irreparable.

MolgoraMolgora WartaWarta

pH sourcepH source

pH coursepH course

pH tappH tap

Temperature Temperature sourcesource

Temperature Temperature coursecourse

Temperature tapTemperature tap

Water hardness Water hardness sourcesource

Water hardness Water hardness coursecourse

Water hardness Water hardness taptap

Arnone Matteo

Belingheri Omar

Fasce Federico

Migliorino Lorenzo

Ernest Kyć

Michał Stolarski

Adam Chłąd

Kamil Tratkiewicz