the world of late antiquity and arabia before islam
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The World of Late Antiquity and Arabia Before Islam. HIST 1007 9/6/13. Cultural Hegemony. Alexander’s Empire. Alexander’s Empire. Political heir to Achaemenid Empire Hellenic Culture Aristotle (384-322BCE) “to the strongest”. Diadochi. Seleucids (r. 311-63BCE) – Mesopotamia and Iran - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The World of Late Antiquity and Arabia Before Islam
HIST 10079/6/13
Cultural Hegemony
Alexander’s Empire
Alexander’s Empire
• Political heir to Achaemenid Empire• Hellenic Culture• Aristotle (384-322BCE)• “to the strongest”
Diadochi
• Seleucids (r. 311-63BCE) – Mesopotamia and Iran
• Ptolemaic Dynasty (r. 303-47BCE) – Egypt
• Antigonids (r. 306-167BCE) – Macedonia
• Other smaller dynasties…
Diadochi
Hellenistic Age
• Hellenization• Cultural Hegemony
Iskandir
Alexandria
Empire
• Neo-Assyrians – Dominance
• Achaemenid Persians – Hegemony
• Alexander the Great – Cultural Hegemony
The Roman Empire
• 290BCE – Italy• 264-202BCE – Western Mediterranean• 200-30BCE – Eastern Mediterranean• 59-51BCE - Gaul
Pax Romana
The Byzantine Empire
Constantine the Great (r. 306-337) and Constantinople (324)
From Milan to Thessalonica• 313: Edict of Milan:Ends persecution of Christians• 325: First Council of Nicaea:Nicaean Creed• 380: The Edict of Thessalonica:Nicaean Christianity becomes state religion of Roman Empire
Justinian the Great (r. 527-565)
Hagia Sophia
Extent of Justinian’s Empire
Justinian’s Plague, 541-767
• 541 – outbreak of bubonic plague• Flea bites infected rat• Flea bites human• Infected human sneezes• 25% of Mediterranean
population dead• 40% of Constantinople
Sasanian Empire (224-651)
First Byzantine-Sasanian War (572-591)
Emperor Justin II (r. 565-578) andShahanshah Khosrau I (r. 531-579)
Chaos in Constantinople
• Maurice Tiberius (r. 582-602)
• Phocas (r. 602-610)• Heraclius (r. 610-641)
Byzantine-Sasanian War (602-628)
Heraclius and the True Cross
Arabia Before Islam
• Jahiliyya• Tribal• Pastoral• Pagan• Small kingdoms on fringes• Christian andJewish communities
Petra
Palmyra
Mecca and the Hijaz
• Pilgrimage center• Market center• Quraysh
Mecca as Pilgrimage Center
The Ka`aba today,in 1880, and at thetime of the Prophet(as portrayed in a 16th
century Ottomanmanuscript).
Mecca as Market Center
Markets of the Arabs
Ghassanids and Lakhmids
Poetry and Arab Culture
• Oral culture• Dialects and literary language• Mu`allaqat• Seven qasida, best poems of pre-Islamic era• The Hanging Poems