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José Luis Fuertes / Loïc Martínez Normand
Computer Science School. Technical University of Madrid.
2014-10-23Introduction to WCAG 2.0
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0
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2014-10-23Introduction to WCAG 2.0
• Created by Tim Berners-Lee in Europe (CERN)
• 1989: project “Information Management: a proposal”
• 1990: first browser + editor: WorldWideWeb
• 1993: CERN declares WWW to be “free”. Mosaic browser.
• 1994: First WWW conference
• Created in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee (MIT)
• Hosts: MIT (USA), ERCIM (Europe), Keio University (Japan), Beihang University (China)
• Currently 401 members
• In addition: regional offices (19)
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2014-10-23Introduction to WCAG 2.0
2014-10-23Introduction to WCAG 2.0
• Goal: web accessibility
• Launched in 1997
• Includes industry, disability organizations, research centres, government…
• Protocols and Formats
• Developing Guidelines for Accessibility
• Evaluation and Repair Tools
• Education and Outreach
• Research and Development
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2014-10-23Introduction to WCAG 2.0
2014-10-23Introduction to WCAG 2.0
•How to make Web content accessible to people with disabilities
•WCAG 1.0: May 1999
•WCAG 2.0: December 2008
•Goals: (1) The tool should be accessible (2) It should produce accessible content by default (3) It should support and encourage the author in creating accessible content
•ATAG 1.0: February 2000
•ATAG 2.0: latest draft (candidate recommendation) November 2013
• Issues: (1) Accessibility of the user interface (2) Rendering of accessibility information (3) User control of the software
•UAAG 1.0: December 2002
•UAAG 2.0: latest draft November 2013
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2014-10-23Introduction to WCAG 2.0
• Guidelines (14)
• Checkpoints (65)
• Principles (4)
• Guidelines (12)
• Success criteria (61)
• Techniques & Failures (many)
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2014-10-23Introduction to WCAG 2.0
• The recommendation – “normative”
• Principles, guidelines, success criteria
• “informative”
• Techniques
• Sufficient techniques, advisory techniques, failures
• General, HTML, CSS, Client-side Scripting, Server-side Scripting, SMIL, Plain text, ARIA, Flash (new), Silverlight (new), PDF (new)
• Understanding
• Provides rationale
• Quick Reference (“how to meet”)
2014-10-23Introduction to WCAG 2.0
• Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive. They can't be invisible to all of their senses.
•User interface components and navigation must be operable by users. The interface can’t require interaction that the user cannot perform.
• Information and the operation of the user interface must be understandable by users. The content or operation cannot be beyond their understanding.
•Content must be robust enough that it can be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies. As technologies and user agents evolve, the content should remain accessible.
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2014-10-23Introduction to WCAG 2.0
• They can be automatically tested, or
• human evaluators should reach the same conclusions (80%)
• Current, future, non-W3C
• Adaptable, flexible for different situations, and developing technologies and techniques
José Luis Fuertes / Loïc Martínez Normand
Computer Science School. Technical University of Madrid.