the world’s history (spodek), 3rd edition © 2006 correlated to: advanced placement...

The World’s History (Spodek), 3rd edition © 2006 Correlated to:

Advanced Placement (AP) World History Course Descriptions

1 SE = Student Edition TR = Teaching Resources TECH = Technology

ADVANCED PLACEMENT (AP) WORLD HISTORY COURSE DESCRIPTIONS

PAGE(S) WHERE TAUGHT (If submission is not a text, cite

appropriate resource(s)) Foundations: c. 8000 B.C.E-600 C.E. What students are expected to know: Major Developments 1. Locating World History in the environment and time Environment Geography and climate: Interaction of geography and climate with the development of human society

SE: Global Migration, 23-24; Agriculture: From Hunter-gatherer to Farmer, 32; Turning Point: The Agricultural Village, 36-37; Food First: The Agricultural Village, 43; The Agricultural Village, 44-46; Egypt: The Gift Of The Nile, 65; The Roots of the Indus Valley Civilization, 79; The Cities Of The Nile and The Indus: What Difference Do They Make?, 84; The Cities Of The Nile and The Indus: What Difference Do They Make?, 84; Origins: Migration and Agriculture, 98; Olmec Civilization along the Gulf Coast, 100; Coastal Settlements and Networks, 107; Agricultural Towns in North America, 110; West Africa: The Niger River Valley, 111; Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent, 127; Population and Migration, 218; Ecology and Culture, 222

TR/TECH: AP Correlation Guide: 4-11

Demography: Major population changes resulting from human and environmental factors

SE: Global Migration, 23-24; The spread of civilizations, 47; Cities of the Indus, 81; The spread of the Bantu, 113; The empire of Sargon, 127; The empires of southwest Asia, 133; The Roman Empire, 168; Eurasian trade, 183; The coming of the Barbarians, 192; Rome’s successors, 195; China: population, 218, 218-19, 221, 222, 223; The Kingdom of Israel, 310; The Jewish diaspora, 320; Pre-Columbian America, 395; African Kingdoms, 398






appropriate resource(s)) TR/TECH: AP Correlation Guide: 4-11

Time Periodization in early human history SE: Chronological Turning Points and Part

Themes, I-8: Early Humans and Their Ancestors, 6; Landmarks in Early Life, 11; Key Stages in Human Development, 21; Village Communities and City-States, 44; The Earliest Urban Settlements, 47; Sumer: Key Events and People, 58; The Indus Valley, 79; Early Science and Technology 7000 - 1000 B.C.E., 83; Early Chinese Culture, 92; The Early Americas, 97; Civilizations Flourishing in Central American before Columbus, 108; The Early Africas, 111

TR/TECH: AP Correlation Guide: 1-3, 4-11

Nature and causes of changes associated with the time span

SE: Themes and Turning Points, I-7: Turning Point: The Agricultural Village, 36; From City-State to Empire, 118; Politics and Religion, 264; Religion to Trade, 385; also see: What Difference Does It Make?: The Story Of Prehistory 33; The First Cities, 61; The Cities Of The Nile and The Indus, 84; The First Cities, 115; Empire-Building, 159; The Legacy Of The Roman Empire, 200; Legacies For The Future, 234; Indian Empires, 261; Hinduism and Buddhism, 302; Early Christianity, 341; Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, 380


Continuities and breaks within the time span; e.g., the transition from river valley civilizations to Classical civilizations

SE: Early Humans and Their Ancestors, 6; Landmarks in Early Life, 11; Key Stages in Human Development, 21; Village Communities and City-States, 44; The Earliest Urban Settlements, 47; Sumer: Key Events and People, 58; The Indus Valley, 79; Early Science and Technology 7000 - 1000 B.C.E., 83; Early Chinese Culture, 92; The Early Americas, 97; Civilizations Flourishing in Central American before Columbus, 108; The Early Africas, 111; also see: Turning Point: The Agricultural Village, 36; From City-State to Empire, 118; Politics and Religion, 264; Religion to Trade, 385







appropriate resource(s)) Diverse interpretations What are the issues involved in using “civilization” as an organizing principle in world history?

SE: What Difference Do They Make?: The Cities Of The Nile and The Indus, 84; The First Cities, 115; Empire-Building, 159; also see: The Design and Construction of Well-planned Cities, 80; Carefully Planned Cities, 81; Cities and States in East Asia, The Americas, and West Africa, 89; The Beginnings of State Formation, 90; Similarities Among the Three Dynasties, 93; Early Royal Capitals, 95; The Zhou Dynasty, 96; The Western Hemisphere: Mesoamerica and South America, 97; Mesoamerican Urbanization: The First Stages, 98; Olmec Civilization along the Gulf Coast, 100; Zapotec Civilization in the Oaxaca Valley, 100; Successor States in the Valley of Mexico, 103; The Rise and Fall of the Maya, 103; Urbanization in South America, 106; Jenne-jeno: A New Urban Pattern?, 113; State Formation?, 114; Turning Point: From City-State To Empire, 118; Empire-building in North Africa, West Asia, and the Mediterranean, 125; The Meaning Of Empire, 125; The Earliest Empires, 127; The Greek City-States, 139; The Limits of City-State Democracy, 150; The Empire Of Alexander The Great, 154; The Reign of Alexander the Great, 155


What is the most common source of change: connection or diffusion versus independent invention?

SE: Themes and Turning Points, I-7: Turning Point: The Agricultural Village, 36; From City-State to Empire, 118; Politics and Religion, 264; Religion to Trade, 385; also see: How Did We Survive?, 22; Increased Population and New Settlements, 25; Man the Hunter or Woman the Gatherer?, 26; Changes in the Toolkit, 27; Language and Communication, 29; Agriculture: From Hunter-gatherer to Farmer, 32; The Story Of Prehistory: What Difference Does It Make?, 33; The Growth Of The City-State, 49; Religion: The Priesthood and the City, 51; Occupational Specialization and Class Structure, 52; Arts and Invention, 52; The Growth of Cities, 71; Crafts and the Arts, 80; Carefully Planned Cities, 81; Questions of Interpretation, 83; The Beginnings of State Formation, 90; Early Evidence of Writing, 91; Origins: Migration and Agriculture, 98; The Urban Explosion: Teotihuacan, 101; Urbanization in the Andes Mountains, 109; Jenne-jeno: A New Urban Pattern?, 113; State Formation?, 114







appropriate resource(s)) 2. Developing agriculture and technology Agricultural, pastoral, and foraging societies and their demographic characteristics (Include Africa, the Americas, and Southeast Asia)

SE: How Do We Know? Man the Hunter or Woman the Gatherer?, 26; Changes in the Toolkit, 27; Language and Communication, 29


Emergence of agricultural and technological change

SE: Changes in the Toolkit, 27; Agriculture: From Hunter-gatherer to Farmer, 32; Turning Point: The Agricultural Village, 36-39; Food First: The Agricultural Village, 43; The Agricultural Village, 44-46, 61, 66-67, 72


Nature of village settlements SE: Turning Point: The Agricultural Village, 36-37; Food First: The Agricultural Village, 43; The Agricultural Village, 44-46, 61, 66-67, 72; The Earliest Villages, 89


Impact of agriculture and technological change SE: Turning Point: The Agricultural Village, 36-37; Food First: The Agricultural Village, 43; The Agricultural Village, 44-46, 61, 66-67, 72; The Earliest Villages, 89; The First Cities: What Difference Do They Make?, 115


Introduction of key stages of metal use SE: Metallurgy 47, 52, 98; The First Cities: What Difference Do They Make?, 115

3. Basic features of early civilizations in different environments: Culture, state, and social structure In addition, students should know enough about two early civilizations to compare them. Mesopotamia SE: Mesopotamia 51-52; Turning Point: From

City-State To Empire, 118-119; Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent, 127-128; The Assyrians, 129-130; also see: Mesopotamia 56, 122, 181, 195

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 1.1: Lugal Sulgi: Role Model for Mesopotamian Royalty; 1.2: The Nippus Murder Trial and the “Silent Wife”; 1.3: The Reign of Sargon; 1.4: The Epic of Gilgamesh; 1.5: The Code of Hammurabi AP Correlation Guide: 5-7






appropriate resource(s)) Egypt SE: Egypt: The Gift Of The Nile, 65; Earliest

Egypt: Before the Kings, 66; The Written Record, 67; Unification and The Rule Of The Kings, 68; The Gods, The Unification of Egypt, and the Afterlife, 69; Cities of the Dead, 70; The Growth of Cities, 71-72; Monumental Architecture of the Old Kingdom: Pyramids and Fortresses, 73-75; The Disintegration of the Old Kingdom, 76; The Rise and Fall of the Middle Kingdom, 77; Akhetaten, Capital City Of King Akhenaten, 78-83; The Cities Of The Nile and The Indus: What Difference Do They Make?, 84

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 1.6: Daily Life in Egypt; 1.7: A Humble Farmer Pleads His Own Case: The Workings of Ma’at; 1.8: Some Commonsense Advice from the Scribe Any to His Son AP Correlation Guide: 8-10

Indus Valley civilization or Harrapan civilization SE: The Indus Valley Civilization and Its Mysteries 79; The Roots of the Indus Valley Civilization, 79; The Design and Construction of Well-planned Cities, 80; Crafts and the Arts, 80; Carefully Planned Cities, 81; Questions of Interpretation, 83; Legacies of the Harappan Civilization, 83; How Do We Know? The Decline of Harappan Civilization, 84; The Cities Of The Nile and The Indus: What Difference Do They Make?, 84


Shang dynasty or Yellow River (Huang He) Valley civilization

SE: China: The Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties, 89; The Beginnings of State Formation, 90; Early Evidence of Writing, 91; Historical Evidence of the Xia Dynasty, 92; Similarities Among the Three Dynasties, 93; City and State under the Shang and Zhou, 94; Anyang: The Last Shang Capital, 95-96

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 2.1: Might Makes Right: the “Shu-ching” Sets Forth the Mandate of Heaven; 2.2: The Spirit World; 2.3: Ch’u Yuan and Sung Yu: Individual Voices in a Chaotic Era; 2.4: Confucius: Analects; 2.5: Mencius: the Counterattack on Legalism; 2.6: Taoism AP Correlation Guide: 11-14






appropriate resource(s)) Mesoamerican and Andean South America SE: The Western Hemisphere: Mesoamerica and

South America, 97; Mesoamerican Urbanization: The First Stages, 98-99; Olmec Civilization along the Gulf Coast, 100; Zapotec Civilization in the Oaxaca Valley, 100; The Urban Explosion: Teotihuacan, 101-102; Successor States in the Valley of Mexico, 103-105; Urbanization in South America, 106


4. Classical civilizations Major political developments in China, India, and the Mediterranean

SE: Empire and Imperialism 2000 B.C.E.-1100 C.E., 122-123; Empire-building in North Africa, West Asia, and the Mediterranean, 125-158; Empire-Building: What Difference Does It Make?, 159; Rome and The Barbarians 750 B.C.E.-500 C.E.: The Rise and Fall of Empire, 163-170, 172-190; How Do We Know? Contemporary Historians Evaluate the History of Rome, 171; The Barbarians and The Fall Of The Roman Empire, 191; Roman Empire, 194-199; The Legacy Of The Roman Empire: What Difference Does It Make?, 200; Fracture and Unification: The Qin, Han, Sui, and Tang Dynasties, 205-229; Imperial China, 229-230; Legacies For The Future: What Difference Do They Make?, 234; Indian Empires 1500 B.C.E.-1100 C.E.: Cultural Cohesion in a Divided Subcontinent, 241-245; The Establishment of States, 246; The Empires Of India, 247-249; Successor States Divide the Empire, 250-253; Invasions End The Age Of Empires, 254-258; India, China, and Rome: Empires and Intermediate Institutions, 259-260; Indian Empires: What Difference Do They Make?, 261

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 3.7: “King Milinda”: The Greek World’s Incursion into India; 3.8: Fa-Hsien: A Chinese Perspective on Gupta India; 4.1: Homer: The Iliad; 4.2: Empires and Military Glory: Herodotus Relates the Story of Thermopylae; 4.3: Thucydides; 4.4: From Confederacy to Empire: Thycydides; 4.5: The City-State of Sparta; 4.6: The First Philippic: A Great Orator Warns of Macedonian Imperialism; 4.7: The Figure of Alexander; 5.1: A Hero Under Fire: Livy Relates the Trials and Tribulations of Scipio Africanus; 5.2: “The War with Catiline:” Sallust’s Insight into the Roman Republic’s Decline; 5.3: The transition from Republic to Principate: Tacitus; 5.4: “All Roads Lead to Rome!”: Strabo; 5.5: Gladiatorial






appropriate resource(s)) (Continued)

TR/TECH: Combat: Seneca; 5.6: The Stoic Philosophy; 5.7: Sidonius Appolinaris: Rome’s Decay, and a Glimpse of the New Order; 6.1: The Acts of the Apostles; 6.2: Pliny the Younger on the Vesuvius Eruption and the Christian “Controversy”; 9.1: The Tang Dynasty (681-907): The Art of Government; 9.2: Sung (Song) China: Imperial Examination System; 9.3: Record of Ancient Matters: Futo No Yasumaro; 9.4: Prince Shotoku’s Seventeen-Article Constitution AP Correlation Guide: 15-32

Social and gender structures SE: The Greek Polis: Image and Reality, 141; Source: Homer and the Value System of Early Greece, 142; Athens and the Development of Democracy, 143; Philosophers, 149; Dramatists, 149; Source: Socrates on the Rights of the State over the Individual, 150; The Limits of City-State Democracy, 150; Institutions of Empire, 170; The Roman Family, 172; Class and Class Conflict, 172; The Struggle of the Orders, 173; Urban Splendor and Squalor, 173; Attempts at Reform, 174; "Bread and Circuses", 175; Slaves and Slave Revolts, 175; How Do We Know? Roman Law: Theory and Practice, 182; Luxury Trades, 184; Cultural Policies of the Empire, 187; Greco-Roman Culture, 187; Stoicism, 188; Religion in the Empire, 189; Christianity Triumphant, 191; Religious Struggles, 198; Confucianism, 208; Source: Confucius and The Analects, 210; Legalism, 211; Daoism, 211; The Struggle between Legalism and Confucianism, 213; A Confucian Bureaucracy, 215; Source: Treatises about Women in Han Society, 216; Peasant Revolt and the Fall of the Han, 221; How Do We Know? Pottery and Philology, 242; The Mahabharata and the Ramayana, 243; A Golden Age of Learning, 252; The Resurgence of Hinduism, 253; Local Institutions and the State, 261; Turning Point: Politics and Religion, 264; Examining Religious Beliefs, 271; Hinduism, 273; The Origins of Hinduism, 273; The Central Beliefs of Hinduism, 275; Caste, 275; Religion and Rule, 283

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 5.3: The transition from Republic to Principate: Tacitus; Gladiatorial Combat: Seneca; 6.2: Pliny the Younger on the Vesuvius Eruption and the Christian “Controversy”; 9.3: Record of Ancient Matters: Futo No Yasumaro AP Correlation Guide: 15-32






appropriate resource(s)) Major trading patterns within and among Classical civilizations; contacts with adjacent regions

SE: Egypt and empires 125, 182; Mycenaean 141; Eurasian 183; Roman Empire 184-187, 257, 394; China, 217-218, 219; India, 244, 250, 255, 257, 284-285, 387; Greek and Hellenistic, 404

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 5.4: “All Roads Lead to Rome!”: Strabo AP Correlation Guide: 15-32

Arts, sciences, and technology SE: The Golden Age of Athenian Culture, 148; Philosophers, 149; The Legacy of Alexander: The Hellenistic Ecumene, 157; Source: Artifactual Records, 169; The Legacy of Alexander: The Hellenistic Ecumene, 157; Urban Splendor and Squalor, 173; Building Cities, 184; Arts and Technology under the Tang Dynasty, 225; A Golden Age of Learning, 252; also see: Parthenon, Athens, 147; Plan of Acropolis, 148; Statue of Athena Parthenos, 149; Battle line formed with shields, from Trajan’s Column, Rome, 162; Capitoline Wolf, sculpture, 164; Young Hercules wrestling with a snake. Fresco. Pompeii, 169; Mosaic of Neptune and Amphitrite, 172; Canopus, Hadrian’s Villa, 174; Column of Trajan, Rome, 176; Arch of Trajan, Benevento, 177; Augustus of Prima Porta, 179; Roman Aqueduct at Segovia, Spain, 185; Timgad, North Africa, 186; The Colosseum, Rome, 187; Jade burial suit of Princess Tou Wan, 215; Stone relief of harnessed cattle, Shaanxi, 20; Gu Kaizhi, two concubines in front of a mirror, 221; Bridge over a moat connecting to the Grand Canal at Suzhou, 225; Hill of the Thousand Buddhas, 227; Pottery figure of a Ferghana horse, 227; Musicians seated on a camel, Tang dynasty, 228; Prince Gautama, Ajanta Cave, 240; scene from the Mahabharata, Ahmad Kashmiri, 245; scene from the Ramayana, 246; lion pillar capital at Sarnath, 250; Indo-Greek coins, 250

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 3.1: Rig Veda; 3.2: Bhagavad Gita: Hinduism; Fa-Hsien: A Chinese Perspective on Gupta India; 4.1: Homer: The Iliad AP Correlation Guide: 15-32






appropriate resource(s)) 5. Major belief systems Basic features and locations of major world belief systems prior to 600 C.E. Polytheism SE: Religion: The Priesthood and the City, 51;

The Gods, The Unification of Egypt, and the Afterlife, 69; Gods of the Egyptians, 70; Greco-Roman Culture, 187; Greek and Roman Gods, 189; Religious Struggles, 198; Turning Point: Politics and Religion, 264-264; Examining Religious Beliefs, 271; The Origins of Hinduism, 273; Sacred Geography and Pilgrimage, 274; The Central Beliefs of Hinduism, 275; Major Religions of the World, 2002, 277; Major Hindu Gods and Goddesses, 278; Sacred Writings of Hinduism, 279; Hinduism in Southeast Asia, 285

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 3.1: Rig Veda; 3.2: Bhagavad Gita: Hinduism; 4.1: Homer: The Iliad AP Correlation Guide: 34-38

Hinduism SE: Hinduism 6, 266-267, 269, 271, 273-281, 274, 381; bhakti 273, 281; and Buddhism 245, 290-292, 301-302; castes 275-278, 279, 280; gods 7, 278; in India 244, 248, 252, 253, 273, 290-292, 406; and Islam 363-365, 376; pilgrimage 274; sacred texts 275-282; in southeast Asia 257, 258, 259, 284-285, 285; temples and shrines 259, 259, 274, 277, 282, 282-284, 283, 285; and women 292

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 3.1: Rig Veda; 3.2: Bhagavad Gita: Hinduism AP Correlation Guide: 34-38

Judaism SE: Judaism 269, 302-303, 307; and Christianity 308-9, 321-323, 324-325, 380-381; festivals 317; image of God, 315-316; and Islam 349, 350, 351, 380-381; and scriptures 309-316; and women 317

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 1.9: Hebrew Scriptures AP Correlation Guide: 39-44

Confucianism SE: Confucianism 208-210, 213-214, 215-216, 219, 220, 226, 277; and Buddhism 224, 294; in Japan 232-233, 234, 269; in Vietnam 231 Confucius 92, 208-209, 210, 294

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 2.4: Confucius: Analects






appropriate resource(s)) Daoism SE: Daoism 208, 211-13, 215, 224,

226

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 2.6: Taoism

Buddhism SE: Buddhism 269, 273, 277, 285-287, 291, 381; China 208, 223-224, 225, 226, 227, 293-297, 302; and Christianity 290; and Confucianism 294; and Daoism 213, 294; Eightfold Path 271, 289; Four Noble Truths 271, 286-287, 289; and Hinduism 245, 273, 290-292, 301-302; India 243, 245, 248, 249, 253-254, 254, 273, 290-2, 364, 406; Japan 232-233, 233, 233, 286, 297-301, 302; Korea 286; Pure Land Sect 295; Sangha 287-288; Shingon 299, 300; southeast Asia 257-258, 269, 285, 289, 302; Sri Lanka 250, 286, 289, 302; Tendai 299; Theravada 231, 289, 301; Vietnam 231, 286, 289; Zen (Chan) 295, 300

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 3.4: Dhammapada: Buddhism AP Correlation Guide: 34-38

Christianity SE: Christianity 269, 271, 277, 302-303, 323, 325-341, 337, 366; and Buddhism 290; cross as symbol 322; festivals 327; iconoclasts 199-200; and Islam 336, 349, 351, 372, 376, 380-381; and Judaism 308-9, 321-323, 324-325, 380-381; and Neoplatonism 331; Roman Empire 167, 190-191, 197-198, 201, 235, 236, 265-266, 328-329, 335; women 191, 327-328

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 6.1: The Acts of the Apostles; 6.2: Pliny the Younger on the Vesuvius Eruption and the Christian “Controversy”; 6.3: Julian Imperator: The Ultimate Pagan; 6.4: Bishop Synesius of Cyrene: A Lukewarm Churchman; 6.5: Leo I: The Man Who Laid the Foundations for the Medieval Papacy; 6.6: St. Augustine of Hippo: The Just War; 6.7: Paulus Orosius: History Against the Pagans; 6.8: St. Benedict AP Correlation Guide: 39-44






appropriate resource(s)) 6. Late Classical period (200-600 C.E.) Collapse of empires (Han China, loss of western portion of the Roman Empire, Gupta)

SE: The Barbarians and The Fall Of The Roman Empire, 191; How Do We Know? The "Barbarians": Chinese Sources, 194; The Decline and Dismemberment of the Roman Empire, 194; The Crisis of the Third Century, 195; The Fragmentation of Authority, 195; Causes of the Decline and Fall, 196; The Empire in the East, 198; Resurgence under Justinian, 198; Religious Struggles, 198; A Millennium of Byzantine Strength, 200; The Legacy Of The Roman Empire: What Difference Does It Make?, 200; A Weakened Han Dynasty, 221; Peasant Revolt and the Fall of the Han, 221; Disintegration and Reunification, 222; The Gupta Empire, 251; A Golden Age of Learning, 252; The Resurgence of Hinduism, 253; Invasions End The Age Of Empires, 254

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 5.2: “The War with Catiline:” Sallust’s Insight into the Roman Republic’s Decline; 5.7: Sidonius Appolinaris: Rome’s Decay, and a Glimpse of the New Order AP Correlation Guide: 15-32

Movements of peoples (Bantus, Huns, Germans, Polynesians)

SE: Migrations: evolution of man 21, 23, 23-25; Increased Population and New Settlements, 25; Origins: Migration and Agriculture, 98; Bantu 112-113; The Barbarians and The Fall Of The Roman Empire, 191; Chinese population and migration, 218, 218-219, 221; Immigration and Cultural Influences, 232; The Polynesians of the South Pacific, 402; Malay Sailors in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean, 403; Sailors and Merchants of the Indian Ocean, 404; International Trade, 408; Demographic Changes in a New Global Ecumene, 485; The "New Europes", 486; The Columbian Exchanges of Plants, Animals, and Disease, 487; The Devastation of the Amerindian Population, 487; The Antipodes: Australia and New Zealand, 1600-1900, 490; Slavery: Enforced Migration, 1500-1750, 494; Reinterpreting the Slave Trade, 497; Asian Migrations, 1300-1301, 750, 499; Global Population Growth and Movement, 508; Cities and Demographics, 508; Migration and Demography: What Difference Do They Make?, 513; Urbanization and Migration, 654; Demographics: Health, Migration, Urbanization, and the Green Revolution, 754; Smuggling of Illegal Immigrants, 834; Trafficking in Women and Children, 834






appropriate resource(s)) TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 11.2:

The Cities of the Zanj and the Indian Ocean Trade; 11.3: Ibn Battuta in Mali; 11.6: The Book of Ser Marco Polo; 11.8: Kuyul Khan: Letter to Pope Innocent IV AP Correlation Guide: 53-63

Interregional networks by 600 C.E.: trade and spread of religions

SE: Mesopotamian trade, 52; Trade and Markets: Wheeled Cart and Sailboat, 53; Origins: Migration and Agriculture, 98; Coastal Settlements and Networks, 107; West Africa: The Niger River Valley, 111; Trade across the Sahara, 112; Eurasian trade, 183; Supplying Rome, 184; Religion in the Empire, 189; Christianity Triumphant, 191; Religious Struggles, 198; Economic Power, 207; Buddhism Reaches China, 223; Immigration and Cultural Influences, 232; Asoka, India's Buddhist Emperor, 250; The Resurgence of Hinduism, 253; Invasions End The Age Of Empires, 254; Regional Diversity and Power, 255; Sea Trade and Cultural Influence: From Rome to Southeast Asia, 257; The Sacred Subcontinent: The Spread of Religion in India and Beyond, 271; Religion and Rule, 283; Asian trade, 284; The Origins of Buddhism, 286; The Emergence of Mahayana Buddhism, 288; Arrival in China: The Silk Route, 293; Buddhism's Arrival in Japan, 297; Buddhism's Role in Unifying Japan, 298; Defeat, Exile, and Redefinition, 317; Minority-Majority Relations in the Diaspora, 319; Christianity Emerges from Judaism, 321; The Growth of the Early Church, 325; How Had Christianity Succeeded?, 329; How Do We Know? Explanations for the Spread of Christianity, 330; The Conversion of the Barbarians, 333; Submission to Allah: Muslim Civilization Bridges the World, 345; Responses to Muhammad, 349; Connections to Other Monotheistic Faiths, 351; Turning Point: Religion To Trade, 385

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 11.2: The Cities of the Zanj and the Indian Ocean Trade; 11.3: Ibn Battuta in Mali; 11.6: The Book of Ser Marco Polo; 11.8: Kuyul Khan: Letter to Pope Innocent IV AP Correlation Guide: 53-63






appropriate resource(s)) 600 C.E.-1450 What students are expected to know: Major Developments 1. Questions of periodization Nature and causes of changes in the world history framework leading up to 600-1450 as a period

SE: Themes and Turning Points, I-7: Turning Point: The Agricultural Village, 36; From City-State to Empire, 118; Politics and Religion, 264; Religion to Trade, 385; also see: What Difference Does It Make?: The Story Of Prehistory 33; The First Cities, 61; The Cities Of The Nile and The Indus, 84; The First Cities, 115; Empire-Building, 159; The Legacy Of The Roman Empire, 200; Legacies For The Future, 234; Indian Empires, 261; Hinduism and Buddhism, 302; Early Christianity, 341; Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, 380

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 3.7: “King Milinda”: The Greek World’s Incursion into India; 3.8: Fa-Hsien: A Chinese Perspective on Gupta India; 4.1: Homer: The Iliad; 4.2: Empires and Military Glory: Herodotus Relates the Story of Thermopylae; 4.3: Thucydides; 4.4: From Confederacy to Empire: Thycydides; 4.5: The City-State of Sparta; 4.6: The First Philippic: A Great Orator Warns of Macedonian Imperialism; 4.7: The Figure of Alexander; 5.1: A Hero Under Fire: Livy Relates the Trials and Tribulations of Scipio Africanus; 5.2: “The War with Catiline:” Sallust’s Insight into the Roman Republic’s Decline; 5.3: The transition from Republic to Principate: Tacitus; 5.4: “All Roads Lead to Rome!”: Strabo; 5.5: Gladiatorial Combat: Seneca; 5.6: The Stoic Philosophy; 5.7: Sidonius Appolinaris: Rome’s Decay, and a Glimpse of the New Order; 6.1: The Acts of the Apostles; 6.2: Pliny the Younger on the Vesuvius Eruption and the Christian “Controversy”; 9.1: The Tang Dynasty (681-907): The Art of Government; 9.2: Sung (Song) China: Imperial Examination System; 9.3: Record of Ancient Matters: Futo No Yasumaro; 9.4: Prince Shotoku’s Seventeen-Article Constitution AP Correlation Guide: 15-32






appropriate resource(s)) Emergence of new empires and political systems

SE: The Empire in the East, 198; A Millennium of Byzantine Strength, 200; Reunification under the Sui and Tang Dynasties, 224; The Short-lived Sui Dynasty, 224; Arts and Technology under the Tang Dynasty, 225; The Umayyad Caliphs Build an Empire, 357; The Third Civil War and the Abbasid Caliphs, 359; The Weakening of the Caliphate, 359; The Emergence of Quasi-independent States, 359; Seljuk Turks and their Sultanate, 360; The Mongols and the Destruction of the Caliphate, 361; Law Provides an Institutional Foundation, 367; Intellectual Achievements, 370; A Golden Age in Spain, 378; Turning Point: Religion To Trade, 385; Channels of Communication: The Exchange of Commodities, Diseases, and Culture, 388; The "Pax Mongolica", 414; How Do We Know? The Mongol Empire, 415; The End of the Mongol Empire, 419; From Mongol to Ming: Dynastic Transition, 420; Legacies To The Present: What Difference Do They Make?, 421

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 5.7: Sidonius Appolinaris: Rome’s Decay, and a Glimpse of the New Order; 9.2: Sung (Song) China: Imperial Examination System; 9.4: Prince Shotoku’s Seventeen-Article Constitution AP Correlation Guide: 15-32

Continuities and breaks within the period (e.g. the impact of the Mongols on international contacts and on specific societies)

SE: The Decline and Dismemberment of the Roman Empire, 194; The Crisis of the Third Century, 195; The Fragmentation of Authority, 195; Causes of the Decline and Fall, 196; Religious Struggles, 198; A Millennium of Byzantine Strength, 200; The Legacy Of The Roman Empire: What Difference Does It Make?, 200; Fracture and Unification: The Qin, Han, Sui, and Tang Dynasties, 205; The Struggle between Legalism and Confucianism, 213; Fluctuations in Administrative Power, 220; Peasant Revolt and the Fall of the Han, 221; Reunification under the Sui and Tang Dynasties, 224; The Establishment of States, 246; The Resurgence of Hinduism, 253; Invasions End The Age Of Empires, 254; The Sacred Subcontinent: The Spread of Religion in India and Beyond, 271; Hinduism in Southeast Asia, 284; The Emergence of Mahayana Buddhism, 288; The Decline of Buddhism in India, 290; Arrival in China: The Silk Route, 293; Relations with Daoism and Confucianism, 294; Buddhism's Role in Unifying Japan, 298; Lasting Buddhist Elements in Japanese Society, 301; Hinduism






appropriate resource(s)) (Continued) Continuities and breaks within the period (e.g. the impact of the Mongols on international contacts and on specific societies)

(Continued) SE: and Buddhism: What Difference Do They Make?, 302; Peoples of the Bible: God's Evolution in West Asia and Europe, 307; Defeat, Exile, and Redefinition, 317; Christianity Emerges from Judaism, 321; The Growth of the Early Church, 325; How Do We Know? Explanations for the Spread of Christianity, 330; Doctrine: Definition and Dispute, 331; The Conversion of the Barbarians, 333; The Church Divides into East and West, 335; The Split between Rome and Constantinople, 335; The Crusades, 376; Judaism, Christianity, and Islam: What Difference Do They Make?, 380; Turning Point: Religion To Trade, 385; The Geography and Philosophies of Early Economic Systems, 391; World Trade: An Historical Analysis, 391; Plague and the Trade Routes, 419; Legacies To The Present: What Difference Do They Make?, 421; Economic Growth, Religion and Renaissance, Global Connections, 425; The Decline Of Trade in The Mediterranean, 426; Trade and Social Change in Europe, 430; Disasters of the Fourteenth Century: Famine, Plague, and War, 436; Social Unrest Follows the Plague, 437; Legacies To The Future: What Difference Do They Make?, 447


2. The Islamic world SE: Dar-al-Islam 349, 351, 376; also see:

Submission to Allah: Muslim Civilization Bridges the World, 345; The Prophet: His Life and Teaching, 346; The Five Pillars of Islam, 347; Responses to Muhammad, 349; How Do We Know? Sources on Early Islam, 350; Muhammad Extends his Authority, 351; Civil War: Religious Conflict and the Sunni-Shi'a Division, 355; The Umayyad Caliphs Build an Empire, 357; The Third Civil War and the Abbasid Caliphs, 359; The Weakening of the Caliphate, 359; The Emergence of Quasi-independent States, 359; Seljuk Turks and their Sultanate, 360; The Mongols and the Destruction of the Caliphate, 361; Spiritual, Religious, and Cultural Flowering, 362; Islam Reaches New Peoples, 363; Law Provides an Institutional Foundation, 367; Sufis Provide Religious Mysticism, 368; Source: Al-Ghazzali, "the Renewer of Islam", 369; History, 370; Philosophy, 371; Relations With Non- Muslims, 376; The Crusades, 376; How Do We






appropriate resource(s)) (Continued) The rise and role of Dar al-Islam as a unifying cultural and economic force in Eurasia and Africa

(Continued) SE: Know? Conversion and Assimilation, 379; Judaism, Christianity, and Islam: What Difference Do They Make?, 380

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 8.1: Muhammad: Koran; 8.2: Al-Tabari: An Early Biography of Islam’s Prophet; 8.3: Orations: The Words of the Prophet Through His Speeches; 8.4: Islam in the Prophet’s Absence: Continuation Under the Caliphate; 8.5: Harun al-Rashid and the Zenith of the Caliphate; 8.6: Al-Farabi: The Perfect State; 8.7: Islamic Science and Mathematics; 8.8: The Caliphate in Decline: Al-Matawwakil’s Murder; 8.9: Shiism and Caliph Ali: Controversy over the Prophetic Succession; 12.1: Sunni versus Shi’ite: “We Exhort You to Embrace the True Faith”; 12.2: Süleyman “The Lawgiver” and the Advantages of Islam: Oigier de Busbecq; 12.3: Women in Ottoman Society: Oigier de Busbecq; 12.4: The Ottomans” Empire-builders at the Crossroads of Three Continents; 12.5: The Safavid Shi’ite Empire of Persia; 12.6: Shah Abbas the Great: The Resurgence of the Persian Empire; 12.7: Moghul Apogee: Akbar the Enlightened AP Correlation Guide: 45-51

Islamic political structures, notably the caliphate

SE: Civil War: Religious Conflict and the Sunni-Shi'a Division, 355; The Umayyad Caliphs Build an Empire, 357; The Third Civil War and the Abbasid Caliphs, 359; The Weakening of the Caliphate, 359; The Emergence of Quasi-independent States, 359; Seljuk Turks and their Sultanate, 360; The Mongols and the Destruction of the Caliphate, 361; Spiritual, Religious, and Cultural Flowering, 362; Islam Reaches New Peoples, 363; Law Provides an Institutional Foundation, 367; Sufis Provide Religious Mysticism, 368; Source: Al-Ghazzali, "the Renewer of Islam", 369; History, 370; Philosophy, 371; Relations With Non-Muslims, 376; The Crusades, 376; How Do We Know? Conversion and Assimilation, 379; Judaism, Christianity, and Islam: What Difference Do They Make?, 380

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 8.4: Islam in the Prophet’s Absence: Continuation Under the Caliphate; 8.5: Harun al-Rashid and the Zenith of the Caliphate; 8.6: Al-Farabi: The Perfect State; 8.8: The Caliphate in Decline: Al-Matawwakil’s Murder; 12.2: Süleyman “The







TR/TECH: Lawgiver” and the Advantages of Islam: Oigier de Busbecq; 12.4: The Ottomans” Empire-builders at the Crossroads of Three Continents; 12.5: The Safavid Shi’ite Empire of Persia; 12.6: Shah Abbas the Great: The Resurgence of the Persian Empire; 12.7: Moghul Apogee: Akbar the Enlightened AP Correlation Guide: 45-51

Arts, sciences and technologies SE: Spiritual, Religious, and Cultural Flowering, 362; Intellectual Achievements, 370; Philosophy, 371; The Extension of Technology, 372; City Design and Architecture, 373; A Golden Age in Spain, 378; also see: Niche (Mihrab) with Islamic calligraphy, 344; “Celebration of the End of Ramadan” from The Maqamat, 349; The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 356; Clay figurine of a female slave, Khirbat al-Mafjar, 357; Portrait of Mahmud of Ghazni, from Rashid; Al-Din’s World History, 1306-7, 358; Mihrab in the Great Mosque, Cordoba, Spain, 371; Great mosque of al-Mutawakkil, Iraq, 373; Bronzesmith, Isfahan bazaar, Iran, 374; The Taj Mahal, Agra, India, 375

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 8.7: Islamic Science and Mathematics AP Correlation Guide: 45-51

3. Interregional networks and contacts Development and shifts in interregional trade, technology, and cultural exchange

SE: Buddhism Reaches China, 223; Immigration and Cultural Influences, 232; New Arrivals in South Asia, 241; The Spread of Aryan Settlement, 242; Invasions End The Age Of Empires, 254; Sea Trade and Cultural Influence: From Rome to Southeast Asia, 257; International Relations, 260; Invasion of the Hunas, 260; The Sacred Subcontinent: The Spread of Religion in India and Beyond, 271; Arrival in China: The Silk Route, 293; Buddhism's Arrival in Japan, 297; Defeat, Exile, and Redefinition, 317; Minority-Majority Relations in the Diaspora, 319; How Do We Know? Explanations for the Spread of Christianity, 330; The Conversion of the Barbarians, 333; Islam Reaches New Peoples, 363; The Extension of Technology, 372; Turning Point: Religion To Trade, 385; World Trade: An Historical Analysis, 391; Trade Networks, 393; Trade in The Americas Before 1500, 394; Trade






appropriate resource(s)) (Continued) Development and shifts in interregional trade, technology, and cultural exchange

(Continued) SE: in the Inca Empire, 394; Trade in Central America and Mexico, 396; Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa, 397; Muslim and Jewish Traders, 400; Jewish Traders, 400; Muslim Traders, 401; Asia's Complex Trade Patterns, 402; Malay Sailors in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean, 403; Sailors and Merchants of the Indian Ocean, 404; International Trade, 408; The "Pax Mongolica", 414; Plague and the Trade Routes, 419

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 11.1: Mansa Musa: The King Who Sits on a Mountain of Gold; 11.2: The Cities of the Zanj and the Indian Ocean Trade; 11.3: Ibn Battuta in Mali; 11.4: The Mongol Khan’s Ultimatum to the Nations of Europe; 11.5: William of Rubruck: Impressions of the Medieval Mongols; 11.6: The Book of Ser Marco Polo; 11.7: John Pian del Carpini, the Tartars; 11.8: Kuyul Khan: Letter to Pope Innocent IV; 14.1: Kilwa, Mombasa, and the Portuguese: Realities of Empire; 14.3: The Portuguese in Africa and India; Duarte Barbosa AP Correlation Guide: 52-63

Trans-Sahara trade, SE: Trans-Saharan 111-112, 114, 365, 397-399

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 11.1: Mansa Musa: The King Who Sits on a Mountain of Gold; 11.3: Ibn Battuta in Mali; 14.1: Kilwa, Mombasa, and the Portuguese: Realities of Empire; 14.3: The Portuguese in Africa and India; Duarte Barbosa AP Correlation Guide: 52-63

Indian Ocean trade, SE: Indian Ocean 401, 404-408, 405, 406, 409, 428, 444-445, 461, 471

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 11.2: The Cities of the Zanj and the Indian Ocean Trade; 14.3: The Portuguese in Africa and India; Duarte Barbosa AP Correlation Guide: 52-63

Silk routes SE: Silk routes 183, 186, 217, 219, 223-224, 228, 229, 250, 257, 293-294, 388, 400, 408, 414, 419

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 11.4: The Mongol Khan’s Ultimatum to the Nations of Europe; 11.5: William of Rubruck: Impressions of the Medieval Mongols; 11.6: The Book of Ser Marco Polo AP Correlation Guide: 52-63






appropriate resource(s)) Missionary outreach of major religions SE: Missionaries 455, 460, 465, 468, 477, 480,

493, 511; also see: Buddhism Reaches China, 223; The Sacred Subcontinent: The Spread of Religion in India and Beyond, 271; Buddhism's Arrival in Japan, 297; How Do We Know? Explanations for the Spread of Christianity, 330; The Conversion of the Barbarians, 333; Islam Reaches New Peoples, 363

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 6.1: The Acts of the Apostles; 6.8: St. Benedict; 8.3: Orations: The Words of the Prophet Through His Speeches; 12.1: Sunni versus Shi’ite: “We Exhort You to Embrace the True Faith”; 12.4: The Ottomans” Empire-builders at the Crossroads of Three Continents AP Correlation Guide: 39-44, 45-51

Contacts between major religions, e.g., Islam and Buddhism, Christianity and Islam

SE: Buddhism Reaches China, 223; The Sacred Subcontinent: The Spread of Religion in India and Beyond, 271; Buddhism's Arrival in Japan, 297; Minority-Majority Relations in the Diaspora, 319; How Do We Know? Explanations for the Spread of Christianity, 330; The Conversion of the Barbarians, 333; Islam Reaches New Peoples, 363; Turning Point: Religion To Trade, 385

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 11.3: Ibn Battuta in Mali; 11.8: Kuyul Khan: Letter to Pope Innocent IV AP Correlation Guide: 33-52

Impact of the Mongol empires SE: The Mongols and the Destruction of the Caliphate, 361; The Mongols, 414; The "Pax Mongolica", 414; How Do We Know? The Mongol Empire, 415; Chinggis Khan, 417; The End of the Mongol Empire, 419; From Mongol to Ming: Dynastic Transition, 420

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 11.4: The Mongol Khan’s Ultimatum to the Nations of Europe; 11.5: William of Rubruck: Impressions of the Medieval Mongols; 11.6: The Book of Ser Marco Polo AP Correlation Guide: 53-63

4. China’s internal and external expansion The importance of the Tang & Song economic revolution and the initiatives of the early Ming dynasty

SE: Reunification under the Sui and Tang Dynasties, 224-230; Song and Ming dynasties and trade, 408-414, 419, 420; also see: Tang dynasty 92, 208, 236; Ming dynasty, 230, 477-478,507, 613






appropriate resource(s)) TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 2.8:

Shi Huang Ti of Qin: A Study in Absolutism; 9.1: The Tang Dynasty (681-907): The Art of Government; 9.2: Sung (Song) China: Imperial Examination System AP Correlation Guide: 25-28

Chinese influence on surrounding areas and its limits

SE: Imperial China, 229; The West and Northwest, The South and Southwest, 230; Vietnam, 230; Korea, 231; Japan, 232; Immigration and Cultural Influences, 232; Legacies For The Future: What Difference Do They Make?, 234

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 2.8: Shi Huang Ti of Qin: A Study in Absolutism; 9.1: The Tang Dynasty (681-907): The Art of Government; 9.2: Sung (Song) China: Imperial Examination System AP Correlation Guide: 25-28

Arts, sciences, and technologies SE: China: Economic Power, 207; Daoism, 211; Jade burial suit of Princess Tou Wan, 215; Economic Power, 219; Gu Kaizhi, two concubines in front of a mirror, 221; Arts and Technology under the Tang Dynasty, 225; Hill of the Thousand Buddhas, 227; Pottery figure of a Ferghana horse, 227; Musicians seated on a camel, Tang dynasty, 228; The Nandaimon, or “Great South Gate” of the Todai Buddhist temple, 233; also see: China: canals 207, 208, 224, 225, 410, 412-14, 477, 478, 561; Great Wall, 477, 507; porcelain, 452, 478, 506, 511; silk, 409, 412, 452, 458, 478, 561

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 2.8: Shi Huang Ti of Qin: A Study in Absolutism; 9.1: The Tang Dynasty (681-907): The Art of Government; 9.2: Sung (Song) China: Imperial Examination System AP Correlation Guide: 25-28

5. Developments in Europe Restructuring of European economic, social and political institutions

SE: Economic Growth, Religion and Renaissance, Global Connections, 425; The Decline Of Trade in The Mediterranean, 426; Trade and Social Change in Europe, 430; How Do We Know? Fernand Braudel Begins the Historical Study of Oceans, 431; New Directions in Philosophy and Learning, 433; How Do We Know? Islamic Influences on the European Renaissance, 435; Disasters of the Fourteenth Century: Famine,






appropriate resource(s)) (Continued) Restructuring of European economic, social and political institutions

(Continued) SE: Plague, and War, 436; Source: Giovanni Boccaccio Describes the Plague, 437; Social Unrest Follows the Plague, 437; The Renaissance, 438; Developments in Technology, 440; The Church Revises its Economic Policies, 441; A New World, 442; Legacies To The Future: What Difference Do They Make?, 447

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 13.1: Oration of the Dignity of Man (1486); 13.2: The Soul of Man (1474); 13.3: Castiglione’s Courtier: Prosperity Makes a Gentleman; 14.1: Kilwa, Mombasa, and the Portuguese: Realities of Empire; 14.2: Vasco da Gama: Journey to India; 14.3: The Portuguese in Africa and India; Duarte Barbosa; 14.4: “Cut off Their Ears, Hands and Noses!”: Gaspar Correa; 14.5: Christopher Columbus; 14.6: Bernal Diaz de Castillo; 14.7: Bartolomé de Las Casas: Persecutor Turns Protector; 14.8: The British Encounter Maoris: A Sailor’s Impression; 14.9: The Prospects of Christian Conversion: Saint Francis Xavier; 15.1: The “Black Legend” of Spain: Bartolomé de Las Casas; 15.2: “Our Kingdom Is Being Lost”: Nzinga Mbemba; 15.3: Olaudah Equiano: The Life of Olaudah Equiano; 15.4: Commerce, Slavery and Religion in North America; 15.5: Tomas Nelson, Slavery and the Slave Trade of Brazil AP Correlation Guide: 64-70, 71-78, 79-93

The division of Christendom into eastern and western Christian cultures

SE: Christianity Triumphant, 191; The Empire in the East, 198; A Millennium of Byzantine Strength, 200; The Decline and Dismemberment of the Roman Empire, 194; Christianity in The Wake Of Empire, 332; The Conversion of the Barbarians, 333; The Church Divides into East and West, 335; The Split between Rome and Constantinople, 335; New Areas Adopt Orthodox Christianity, 336; Christianity in Western Europe, 336; The Pope Allies with the Franks, 338; Charlemagne Revives the Idea of Empire, 339; The Attempt at Empire Fails, 341; Early Christianity: What Difference Does It Make?, 341

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 6.3: Julian Imperator: The Ultimate Pagan; 6.4: Bishop Synesius of Cyrene: A Lukewarm Churchman; 6.5: Leo I: The Man Who Laid the Foundations for the Medieval Papacy; 6.6: St. Augustine of Hippo: The Just War; 6.7: Paulus Orosius: History Against the Pagans; 6.8: St. Benedict AP Correlation Guide: 39-44






appropriate resource(s)) 6. Social, cultural, economic and political patterns in the Amerindian world Maya SE: Maya 97, 98, 103, 103-106, 104, 108, 115,

396, 397; Great-Jaguar-Paw 106; Popul Vuh 105; writing 107; Maya Indians 859, 868


Aztec SE: Aztecs 97, 103, 106, 108, 396, 452-454, 455, 486, 487


Inca SE: Incas 55-56, 109, 110, 394-397, 454, 455, 486; drinking vessel 454


7. Demographic and environmental changes Impact of nomadic migrations on Afro-Eurasia and the Americas

SE: Origins: Migration and Agriculture, 98; Bantu 112-113; The Barbarians and The Fall Of The Roman Empire, 191; Invaders at the Gates, 191; How Do We Know? The "Barbarians": Chinese Sources, 194; The Polynesians of the South Pacific, 402-403; The Mongols, 414; Asian Migrations, 1300-1301, 1750, 499; Migration and Demography: What Difference Do They Make?, 513

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 5.7: Sidonius Appolinaris: Rome’s Decay, and a Glimpse of the New Order; Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 11.4: The Mongol Khan’s Ultimatum to the Nations of Europe; 11.5: William of Rubruck: Impressions of the Medieval Mongols; 11.6: The Book of Ser Marco Polo AP Correlation Guide: 20-24, 53-63

Consequences of plague pandemics in the fourteenth century

SE: Plague, 388, 419-420, 420, 428, 436-438, 487, 508

TR/TECH: AP Correlation Guide: 62

Growth and role of cities (e.g., the expansion of urban commercial centers in Song China and in the Aztec Empire

SE: City and State under the Shang and Zhou, 94; The Urban Explosion: Teotihuacan, 101; The Great City of Tikal, 103; Urbanization in South America, 106; Urbanization in the Andes Mountains, 109; The First Cities: What Difference Do They Make?, 115; Turning Point: From City-State To Empire, 118; The Greek City-States, 139; The Greek Polis: Image and






appropriate resource(s)) (Continued) Growth and role of cities (e.g., the expansion of urban commercial centers in Song China and in the Aztec Empire

(Continued) SE: Reality, 141; Athens: from City-State to Mini-Empire, 147; The Limits of City-State Democracy, 150; Building Cities, 184

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 2.8: Shi Huang Ti of Qin: A Study in Absolutism; 9.1: The Tang Dynasty (681-907): The Art of Government; 9.2: Sung (Song) China: Imperial Examination System AP Correlation Guide: 25-28, 53-63

8. Diverse interpretations What are the issues involved in using cultural areas rather than states as units of analysis?

SE: Turning Point: The Agricultural Village, 36; From City-State to Empire, 118; Politics and Religion, 264; also see: Humans Create Culture, 20; Biological Evolution and Cultural Creativity, 20; Language and Communication, 29; Cave Art and Portable Art, 29

TR/TECH: AP Correlation Guide: 1, 33, 85, 141

What are the sources of change: nomadic migrations versus urban growth?

SE: City and State under the Shang and Zhou, 94; The Urban Explosion: Teotihuacan, 101; The Great City of Tikal, 103; Urbanization in South America, 106; Urbanization in the Andes Mountains, 109; Origins: Migration and Agriculture, 98; Bantu 112-113; The First Cities: What Difference Do They Make?, 115; Turning Point: From City-State To Empire, 118; The Greek City-States, 139; The Greek Polis: Image and Reality, 141; Athens: from City-State to Mini-Empire, 147; The Limits of City-State Democracy, 150; Building Cities, 184; The Barbarians and The Fall Of The Roman Empire, 191; Invaders at the Gates, 191; How Do We Know? The "Barbarians": Chinese Sources, 194; The Polynesians of the South Pacific, 402-403; The Mongols, 414; Asian Migrations, 1300-1301, 1750, 499; Migration and Demography: What Difference Do They Make?, 513

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM: 5.7: Sidonius Appolinaris: Rome’s Decay, and a Glimpse of the New Order; Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 11.4: The Mongol Khan’s Ultimatum to the Nations of Europe; 11.5: William of Rubruck: Impressions of the Medieval Mongols; 11.6: The Book of Ser Marco Polo AP Correlation Guide: 20-24, 53-63






appropriate resource(s)) Was there a world economic network in this period?

SE: Sea Trade and Cultural Influence: From Rome to Southeast Asia, 257; International Relations, 260; Arrival in China: The Silk Route, 293; Turning Point: Religion To Trade, 385; World Trade: An Historical Analysis, 391; Trade Networks, 393; Trade in The Americas Before 1500, 394; Trade in the Inca Empire, 394; Trade in Central America and Mexico, 396; Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa, 397; Muslim and Jewish Traders, 400; Jewish Traders, 400; Muslim Traders, 401; Asia's Complex Trade Patterns, 402; Malay Sailors in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean, 403; Sailors and Merchants of the Indian Ocean, 404; International Trade, 408; The "Pax Mongolica", 414; Plague and the Trade Routes, 419

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 11.1: Mansa Musa: The King Who Sits on a Mountain of Gold; 11.2: The Cities of the Zanj and the Indian Ocean Trade; 11.3: Ibn Battuta in Mali; 11.4: The Mongol Khan’s Ultimatum to the Nations of Europe; 11.5: William of Rubruck: Impressions of the Medieval Mongols; 11.6: The Book of Ser Marco Polo; 11.7: John Pian del Carpini, the Tartars; 11.8: Kuyul Khan: Letter to Pope Innocent IV; 14.1: Kilwa, Mombasa, and the Portuguese: Realities of Empire; 14.3: The Portuguese in Africa and India; Duarte Barbosa AP Correlation Guide: 52-63

Were there common patterns in the new opportunities available to and constraints on elite women in this period?

SE: Source: Treatises about Women in Han Society, 216; Source: The Transience of Life: A Woman's Perspective from the Tang Dynasty, 295; also see: Women: and Christianity, 191, 327-328; India, 244, 248, 281; and Islam 352-353; and Judaism 317

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 12.3: Women in Ottoman Society: Oigier de Busbecq






appropriate resource(s)) 1450-1750 What students are expected to know: Major Developments 1. Questions of periodization Continuities and breaks, causes of changes from the previous period and within this period

SE: Turning Point: Religion To Trade, 385; The Movement of Goods and Peoples 1000-1776, 388-389; Establishing World Trade Routes 1000-1500, 391-420; Legacies To The Present: What Difference Do They Make?, 421; Economic Growth, Religion and Renaissance, Global Connections, 425-446; Legacies To The Future: What Difference Do They Make?, 447; The Unification Of World Trade 1500-1776, 451-480; The Influence Of World Trade: What Difference Does It Make?, 481; Migration 1300-1750, 485-512; Migration and Demography: What Difference Do They Make?, 513; Turning Point: An Album Of Comparisons, 516; Social Change 1640-1914, 518-533

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 13.1: Oration of the Dignity of Man (1486); 13.2: The Soul of Man (1474); 13.3: Castiglione’s Courtier: Prosperity Makes a Gentleman; 14.1: Kilwa, Mombasa, and the Portuguese: Realities of Empire; 14.2: Vasco da Gama: Journey to India; 14.3: The Portuguese in Africa and India; Duarte Barbosa; 14.4: “Cut off Their Ears, Hands and Noses!”: Gaspar Correa; 14.5: Christopher Columbus; 14.6: Bernal Diaz de Castillo; 14.7: Bartolomé de Las Casas: Persecutor Turns Protector; 14.8: The British Encounter Maoris: A Sailor’s Impression; 14.9: The Prospects of Christian Conversion: Saint Francis Xavier; 15.1: The “Black Legend” of Spain: Bartolomé de Las Casas; 15.2: “Our Kingdom Is Being Lost”: Nzinga Mbemba; 15.3: Olaudah Equiano: The Life of Olaudah Equiano; 15.4: Commerce, Slavery and Religion in North America; 15.5: Tomas Nelson, Slavery and the Slave Trade of Brazil AP Correlation Guide: 64-84






appropriate resource(s)) 2. Changes in trade, technology, and global interactions

SE: Major Discoveries and Inventions - 1640-1830, 568; also see: Turning Point: Religion To Trade, 385; World Trade: An Historical Analysis, 391; Trade Networks, 393; Trade in The Americas Before 1500, 394; Trade in the Inca Empire, 394; Trade in Central America and Mexico, 396; Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa, 397; West Africa, 397; East Africa, 399; Muslim and Jewish Traders, 400; Jewish Traders, 400; Muslim Traders, 401; International Trade, 408; Plague and the Trade Routes, 419; Economic Growth, Religion and Renaissance, Global Connections, 425; The Decline Of Trade in The Mediterranean, 426; Trade and Social Change in Europe, 430; Economic and Social Conflict within the City, 430; New Directions in Philosophy and Learning, 433; A New World, 442; New Philosophies for New Trade Patterns, 451; The Expansion Of Europe and The Birth Of Capitalism, 451; The Empires Of Spain and Portugal, 452; Spain's New World Conquests, 452; Portugal's Empire, 458; Portugal in Africa, 459; Portugal in Brazil, 460; Portugal in the Indian Ocean, 461; Evaluating the Spanish and Portuguese Empires, 461; Trade and Religion in Western Europe: The Protestant Reformation and The Catholic Reformation, 462; Instruments of Trade and Colonization, 468; Diverse Cultures, Diverse Trade Systems, 476; The Influence Of World Trade: What Difference Does It Make?, 481; Demographic Changes in a New Global Ecumene, 485; The Columbian Exchanges of Plants, Animals, and Disease, 487; Benefits of the Columbian Exchanges, 487; Slavery: Enforced Migration, 1500-1750, 494; Reinterpreting the Slave Trade, 497; Global Population Growth and Movement, 508; Migration and Demography: What Difference Do They Make?, 513; Turning Point: An Album Of Comparisons, 516; Intellectual Revolutions in Science and Philosophy, 526; A Global Process, 561; The Industrial Revolution: What Was Its Significance?, 561







Oration of the Dignity of Man (1486); 13.2: The Soul of Man (1474); 13.3: Castiglione’s Courtier: Prosperity Makes a Gentleman; 14.1: Kilwa, Mombasa, and the Portuguese: Realities of Empire; 14.2: Vasco da Gama: Journey to India; 14.3: The Portuguese in Africa and India; Duarte Barbosa; 14.4: “Cut off Their Ears, Hands and Noses!”: Gaspar Correa; 14.5: Christopher Columbus; 14.6: Bernal Diaz de Castillo; 14.7: Bartolomé de Las Casas: Persecutor Turns Protector; 14.8: The British Encounter Maoris: A Sailor’s Impression; 14.9: The Prospects of Christian Conversion: Saint Francis Xavier; 15.1: The “Black Legend” of Spain: Bartolomé de Las Casas; 15.2: “Our Kingdom Is Being Lost”: Nzinga Mbemba; 15.3: Olaudah Equiano: The Life of Olaudah Equiano; 15.4: Commerce, Slavery and Religion in North America; 15.5: Tomas Nelson, Slavery and the Slave Trade of Brazil AP Correlation Guide: 64-84

3. Knowledge of major empires and other political units and social systems Ottoman, China, Portugal, Spain, Russia, France, England, Tokugawa, Mughal, characteristics of African empires in general but knowing one (Kongo, Benin, Oyo, or Songhay) as illustrative

SE: The Mongols, 414; How Do We Know? The Mongol Empire, 415; The End of the Mongol Empire, 419; The Expansion Of Europe and The Birth Of Capitalism, 451; The Empires Of Spain and Portugal, 452; Portugal's Empire, 458; Portugal in Africa, 459; Portugal in Brazil, 460; Portugal in the Indian Ocean, 461; Evaluating the Spanish and Portuguese Empires, 461; Russia's Empire Under Peter The Great, 473; Ottomans and Mughals, 476; Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, 477; Tokugawa Japan, 480; The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1700, 500; India: The Mughal Empire, 1526-1707, 502; Akbar, Emperor of India, 502; Safavid Persia, 1400-1700, 505; China: The Ming and Manchu Dynasties, 1368-1750, 507

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 11.4: The Mongol Khan’s Ultimatum to the Nations of Europe; 11.5: William of Rubruck: Impressions of the Medieval Mongols; 11.6: The Book of Ser Marco Polo; 13.1: Oration of the Dignity of Man (1486); 13.2: The Soul of Man (1474); 13.3: Castiglione’s Courtier: Prosperity Makes a Gentleman; 14.1: Kilwa, Mombasa, and the Portuguese: Realities of Empire; 14.2: Vasco da Gama: Journey to India; 14.3: The Portuguese in Africa and India; Duarte Barbosa; 14.4: “Cut off Their Ears, Hands and Noses!”: Gaspar







TR/TECH: Correa; 14.5: Christopher Columbus; 14.6: Bernal Diaz de Castillo; 14.7: Bartolomé de Las Casas: Persecutor Turns Protector; 14.8: The British Encounter Maoris: A Sailor’s Impression; 14.9: The Prospects of Christian Conversion: Saint Francis Xavier; 15.1: The “Black Legend” of Spain: Bartolomé de Las Casas; 15.2: “Our Kingdom Is Being Lost”: Nzinga Mbemba; 15.3: Olaudah Equiano: The Life of Olaudah Equiano; 15.4: Commerce, Slavery and Religion in North America; 15.5: Tomas Nelson, Slavery and the Slave Trade of Brazil AP Correlation Guide: 53-84

Gender and empire (including the role of women in households and in politics)

SE: Women: and colonialism 629-630, 666; Germany 578, 669; and industrialization 576-580, 593; Japan 638; suffrage 580, 581, 582, 638; and technology 650, 653

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 12.3: Women in Ottoman Society: Oigier de Busbecq

4. Slave systems and slave trade SE: Slavery/slave trade: 457, 459, 460, 461, 471, 486, 489, 494-497, 498-499, 505, 516-517, 517, 567, 624-625; also see: Africa, 400, 412, 459, 460, 494-499, 516-517, 517, 618, 624-625, 627; Abbasid caliphate, 359; abolition, 522, 538, 548-550, 579, 586-587; Haitian slave revolt, 522, 523, 547, 547-548,549, 550, 557

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 15.4: Commerce, Slavery and Religion in North America; 15.5: Tomas Nelson, Slavery and the Slave Trade of Brazil AP Correlation Guide: 64-70

5. Demographic and environmental changes: diseases, animals, new crops, and comparative population trends

SE: Plague and the Trade Routes, 419; Disasters of the Fourteenth Century: Famine, Plague, and War, 436; Demographic Changes in a New Global Ecumene, 485; The "New Europes", 486; The Columbian Exchanges of Plants, Animals, and Disease, 487; The Devastation of the Amerindian Population, 487; Benefits of the Columbian Exchanges, 487; Slavery: Enforced Migration, 1500-1750, 494; Reinterpreting the Slave Trade, 497; How Do We Know? How Many Slaves?, 498; Asian Migrations, 1300-1 750, 499; Global Population Growth and Movement, 508; Cities and Demographics, 508; Migration and Demography: What Difference Do They Make?, 513; Haiti: Slave Revolution and The






appropriate resource(s)) (Continued) 5. Demographic and environmental changes: diseases, animals, new crops, and comparative population trends

(Continued) SE: Overthrow Of Colonialism, 1791-1804, 547; The Abolition Of Slavery and The Slave Trade, 548

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 14.3: The Portuguese in Africa and India; Duarte Barbosa; 14.4: “Cut off Their Ears, Hands and Noses!”: Gaspar Correa; 14.5: Christopher Columbus; 14.6: Bernal Diaz de Castillo; 14.7: Bartolomé de Las Casas: Persecutor Turns Protector; 15.1: The “Black Legend” of Spain: Bartolomé de Las Casas; 15.2: “Our Kingdom Is Being Lost”: Nzinga Mbemba; 15.3: Olaudah Equiano: The Life of Olaudah Equiano; 15.4: Commerce, Slavery and Religion in North America; 15.5: Tomas Nelson, Slavery and the Slave Trade of Brazil AP Correlation Guide: 53-84

6. Cultural and intellectual developments Scientific Revolution and the enlightenment SE: The Birth of Human Rights in the Age of

Enlightenment, 521; Human Rights in The Age Of Enlightenment, 523; Hobbes and the "State of Nature", 524; Intellectual Revolutions in Science and Philosophy, 526; England's Glorious Revolution, 1688, 531; Source: Universal Suffrage vs. Property Rights, 532; The Bill of Rights, 1689, 532; The Reality of Government by Male Property Owners, 533; Political Revolutions: What Difference Do They Make?, 556

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 17.1: Nicolaus Copernicus: The Heliocentric Statement; 17.2: René Descartes: Discourse on Method; 17.3: William Harvey: On the Circulation of the Blood; 17.4: Isaac Newton; 17.5: Francis Bacon; 17.6: Voltaire: On Universal Toleration; 17.7: Cesare Beccaria: On Crimes and Punishments; 17.8: Adam Smith: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations; 17.9: Immanuel Kant: What Is Enlightenment?; 18.1: Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan; 18.2: Jean Domat: The Ideal Absolute State; 18.3: Pierre Jurieu: The Sighs of Enslaved France; 18.4: Declaration of Independence: Revolutionary Declarations; 18.5: The Abbé Sieyés: What Is the Third Estate?; 18.6: The Tennis Court Oath; 18.7: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen; 18.8: Edmund Burke: Reflections on the







TR/TECH: Revolution in France AP Correlation Guide: 85-93

Comparative global causes and impacts of cultural change (e.g., African contributions to cultures in the Americas)

SE: Turning Point: Religion To Trade, 385-386; Channels of Communication: The Exchange of Commodities, Diseases, and Culture, 388-389; Legacies To The Present: What Difference Do They Make?, 421; Economic Growth, Religion and Renaissance, Global Connections, 425; Trade and Social Change in Europe, 430; The Renaissance, 438; Source: The Journal of Columbus' First Voyage to the Americas, 446; Legacies To The Future: What Difference Do They Make?, 447; The Empires Of Spain and Portugal, 452; Evaluating the Spanish and Portuguese Empires, 461; Trade and Religion in Western Europe: The Protestant Reformation and The Catholic Reformation, 462; Instruments of Trade and Colonization, 468; Diverse Cultures, Diverse Trade Systems, 476; The Influence Of World Trade: What Difference Does It Make?, 481; The Columbian Exchanges of Plants, Animals, and Disease, 487; Benefits of the Columbian Exchanges, 487; Global Population Growth and Movement, 508; Migration and Demography: What Difference Do They Make?, 513; Turning Point: An Album Of Comparisons, 516


Major developments and exchanges in the arts (e.g., Mughal)

SE: The Renaissance, New Artistic Styles, 438; Diverse Cultures, Diverse Trade Systems, 476; Ottomans and Mughals, 476; India: The Mughal Empire, 1526-1707, 502

TR/TECH: AP Correlation Guide: 73






appropriate resource(s)) 7. Diverse interpretations What are the debates about the timing and extent of European predominance in the world economy?

SE: The Geography and Philosophies of Early Economic Systems, 391; Legacies To The Present: What Difference Do They Make?, 421; Economic Growth, Religion and Renaissance, Global Connections, 425; Legacies To The Future: What Difference Do They Make?, 447; The Influence Of World Trade: What Difference Does It Make?, 481; Migration and Demography: What Difference Do They Make?, 513


How does the world economic system of this period compare with the world economic network of the previous period?

SE: Turning Point: Religion To Trade, 385-386; Channels of Communication: The Exchange of Commodities, Diseases, and Culture, 388-389; also see: Sea Trade and Cultural Influence: From Rome to Southeast Asia, 257; International Relations, 260; Arrival in China: The Silk Route, 293; Turning Point: Religion To Trade, 385; World Trade: An Historical Analysis, 391; Trade Networks, 393; Trade in The Americas Before 1500, 394; Trade in the Inca Empire, 394; Trade in Central America and Mexico, 396; Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa, 397; Muslim and Jewish Traders, 400; Muslim Traders, 401; Asia's Complex Trade Patterns, 402; International Trade, 408

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 11.2: The Cities of the Zanj and the Indian Ocean Trade; 11.3: Ibn Battuta in Mali; 11.6: The Book of Ser Marco Polo; 11.8: Kuyul Khan: Letter to Pope Innocent IV; 14.3: The Portuguese in Africa and India; Duarte Barbosa; 14.4: “Cut off Their Ears, Hands and Noses!”: Gaspar Correa; 14.5: Christopher Columbus; 14.6: Bernal Diaz de Castillo; 14.7: Bartolomé de Las Casas: Persecutor Turns Protector; 15.1: The “Black







TR/TECH: Legend” of Spain: Bartolomé de Las Casas; 15.2: “Our Kingdom Is Being Lost”: Nzinga Mbemba; 15.3: Olaudah Equiano: The Life of Olaudah Equiano; 15.4: Commerce, Slavery and Religion in North America; 15.5: Tomas Nelson, Slavery and the Slave Trade of Brazil AP Correlation Guide: 53-84

1750-1914 What students are expected to know: Major Developments 1. Questions of periodization Continuities and breaks, causes of changes from the previous period and within this period

SE: Turning Point: An Album Of Comparisons, 516; Social Change 1640-1914, 518-555; Political Revolutions: What Difference Do They Make?, 556; The Industrial Revolution: What Was Its Significance?, 561; Social Changes: The Conditions Of Working People, 574; Demographic Causes and Effects of the Industrial Revolution, 574; The Industrial Revolution: What Difference Does It Make?, 593; Competition among Industrial Powers, 597; Nationalism, 597; European Explorers and the Scramble for Africa, 625; Labor Issues: Coercion and Unionization, 628; Anti-Colonial Revolts, 1857-1914, 630; Nationalism and Imperialism: What Difference Do They Make?, 639; Turning Point: The Olympics and International Politics, 644


2. Changes in global commerce, communications, and technology Changes in patterns of world trade SE: The Industrial Revolution: What Was Its

Significance?, 561; Capital Goods: Iron, Steam Engines, Railways, and Steamships, 567; New Products and New Nations, 571; Warfare and Industrialization, 572; The Effects of the Second Industrial Revolution Worldwide, 573; Demographic Causes and Effects of the Industrial Revolution, 574; The Industrial Revolution: What Difference Does It Make?, 593; European Explorers and the Scramble for Africa, 625; How Do We Know? Why did Europeans Colonize the World?, 626; War, Colonialism, and Equality in the Family of






appropriate resource(s)) (Continued) Changes in patterns of world trade

(Continued) SE: Nations, 638; Nationalism and Imperialism: What Difference Do They Make?, 639

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 19.2: Women Miners in the English Coal Pits; 19.3: Sadler Report: Child Labor; 19.4: Andrew Ure: A Defense of the Factory System; 19.5: The Chartist Demands; 19.6: Luddism: An Assault on Technology; 19.7: Robert Owen: Utopian Socialism; 19.8: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels AP Correlation Guide: 94-101

Industrial Revolution (transformative effects on and differential timing in different societies; mutual relation of industrial and scientific developments; commonalities)

SE: The Industrial Revolution 1700-1914: A Global Process, 561; Britain, 1700-1860, 563; A Revolution in Agriculture, 563; A Revolution in Textile Manufacture, 565; Capital Goods: Iron, Steam Engines, Railways, and Steamships, 567; How Do We Know? Why Did the Industrial Revolution Begin in Britain?, 569; Source: Conflicting Images of Early Industrial Life: The English Romantic Poets, 570; The Second Stage Of Industrialization, 1860-1914, 571; Warfare and Industrialization, 572; The Effects of the Second Industrial Revolution Worldwide, 573; Demographic Causes and Effects of the Industrial Revolution, 574; Winners and Losers in the Industrial Revolution, 575; Gender Relationships and the Industrial Revolution, 576; Political Reaction in Britain and Europe, 1800-1914, 579; Labor Organization, 581; The United States, 1870-1914, 584; France, 1870-1914, 585; Labor in the Non-industrialized World, 586; Source: Tariffs, Wealth, and Poverty: Reflections on America and India by Pandita Ramabai, 587; New Patterns Of Urban Life, 588; How Do We Know? Quantifying the Conditions of Industrial Urbanization, 591; Urban Planning: The Middle Ground of Optimists and Pessimists, 592; The Industrial Revolution: What Difference Does It Make?, 593

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 19.2: Women Miners in the English Coal Pits; 19.3: Sadler Report: Child Labor; 19.4: Andrew Ure: A Defense of the Factory System; 19.5: The Chartist Demands; 19.6: Luddism: An Assault on Technology; 19.7: Robert Owen: Utopian Socialism; 19.8: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels AP Correlation Guide: 94-101






appropriate resource(s)) 3. Demographic and environmental changes (migrations, end of the Atlantic slave trade, new birthrate patterns; food supply)

SE: A Revolution in Agriculture, 563; A Revolution in Textile Manufacture, 565; Capital Goods: Iron, Steam Engines, Railways, and Steamships, 567; How Do We Know? Why Did the Industrial Revolution Begin in Britain?, 569; The Second Stage Of Industrialization, 1860-1914, 571; The Effects of the Second Industrial Revolution Worldwide, 573; Demographic Causes and Effects of the Industrial Revolution, 574; Winners and Losers in the Industrial Revolution, 575; Gender Relationships and the Industrial Revolution, 576; Labor in the Non-industrialized World, 586; Source: Tariffs, Wealth, and Poverty: Reflections on America and India by Pandita Ramabai, 587; New Patterns Of Urban Life, 588; How Do We Know? Quantifying the Conditions of Industrial Urbanization, 591; The Industrial Revolution: What Difference Does It Make?, 593

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 19.2: Women Miners in the English Coal Pits; 19.3: Sadler Report: Child Labor; 19.4: Andrew Ure: A Defense of the Factory System; 19.5: The Chartist Demands; 19.6: Luddism: An Assault on Technology; 22.2: Slaughter on the Somme AP Correlation Guide: 94-101, 110-117

4. Changes in social and gender structure (Industrial Revolution; commercial and demographic developments; emancipation of serfs/slaves; and tension between work patterns and ideas about gender)

SE: The Birth of Human Rights in the Age of Enlightenment, 521; Political Revolution, 521; Human Rights in The Age Of Enlightenment, 523; Source: Universal Suffrage vs. Property Rights, 532; The Bill of Rights, 1689, 532; The Reality of Government by Male Property Owners, 533; The Constitution and the Bill of Rights, 1789, 537; The Revolt of the Poor, 541; Source: Olympe de Gouges, "The Rights of Women", 543; Haiti: Slave Revolution and The Overthrow Of Colonialism, 1791-1804, 547; The Slave Revolt, 548; The Anti-imperial Revolt, 548; The Abolition Of Slavery and The Slave Trade, 548; How Do We Know? Abolition: Historians Debate the Causes, 549; The End Of Colonialism in Latin America: Independence and Disillusionment, 1810-30, 550; Religious and Economic Issues, 555; Political Revolutions: What Difference Do They Make?, 556; Source: Conflicting Images of Early Industrial Life: The English Romantic Poets, 570; Demographic Causes and Effects of the Industrial Revolution, 574; Winners and Losers in the Industrial Revolution, 575; Gender Relationships and the Industrial Revolution, 576;






appropriate resource(s)) (Continued) 4. Changes in social and gender structure (Industrial Revolution; commercial and demographic developments; emancipation of serfs/slaves; and tension between work patterns and ideas about gender)

(Continued) SE: Labor Organization, 581; Karl Marx and Theories of Worker Revolution, 581; New Patterns Of Urban Life, 588; Labor Issues: Coercion and Unionization, 628

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 19.2: Women Miners in the English Coal Pits; 19.3: Sadler Report: Child Labor; 19.4: Andrew Ure: A Defense of the Factory System; 19.7: Robert Owen: Utopian Socialism AP Correlation Guide: 94-101

5. Political revolutions and independence movements; new political ideas Latin American independence movements SE: The End Of Colonialism in Latin America:

Independence and Disillusionment, 1810-30, 550; After Independence, 551; Simon Bolivar and the Challenge of Unification, 551; Mexico, 553; Brazil, 553; Paraguay: The New Historiography, 554; Religious and Economic Issues, 555; Source: An Epic Verse History of Latin America, 555; Political Revolutions: What Difference Do They Make?, 556


Revolutions (United States, France, Haiti, Mexico, China)

SE: Western Revolutions and their Influence, 518; Political Revolution, 521; Revolution in North America, 1776, 536; The Constitution and the Bill of Rights, 1789, 537; The First Anti-imperial Revolution, 538; The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789-1812, 539; The Origins of Revolution, 540; The Revolt of the Poor, 541; International War, The "Second" Revolution, and the Terror, 1791-99, 542; How Do We Know? The Historiography of the French Revolution, 544; Haiti: Slave Revolution and The Overthrow Of Colonialism, 1791-1804, 547; The Slave Revolt, 548; How Do We Know? Abolition: Historians Debate the Causes, 549; The End Of Colonialism in Latin America: Independence and Disillusionment, 1810-30, 550; Independence Movements, 550; After Independence, 551; Brazil, 553; Paraguay: The New Historiography, 554; Political Revolutions: What Difference Do They Make?, 556







Pierre Jurieu: The Sighs of Enslaved France; 18.4: Declaration of Independence: Revolutionary Declarations; 18.5: The Abbé Sieyés: What Is the Third Estate?; 18.7: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen; 18.8: Edmund Burke: Reflections on the Revolution in France AP Correlation Guide: 86-93

Rise of nationalism, nation-states, and movements of political reform

SE: Nationalism, Imperialism, and Resistance 1650-1914: Competition among Industrial Powers, 597; The Periphery of Western Europe, 599; Italy and Germany, 600; How Do We Know? What is Nationalism?, 603; The Rise of Zionism in Europe, 604; The Ottoman Empire: The "Sick Man of Europe," 1829-76, 608; Southeast Asia and Indonesia, 1795-1880, 609; India, 1858-1914, 610; China, 1800-1914, 613; The Opium Wars, 1839-42 and 1856-60, 614; Africa, 1652-1912, 617; South Africa, 1652-1910, 618; Egypt, 1798-1882, 620; Algeria, 1830-71, 621; Islamic Religious Revival, 622; A Western Orientation in West Africa, 624; European Explorers and the Scramble for Africa, 625; How Do We Know? Why did Europeans Colonize the World?, 626; Gender Relationships in Colonization, 629; Anti-Colonial Revolts, 1857-1914, 630; Japan: From Isolation To Equality, 1867-1914, 631; The End of the Shogunate, 632; Restructuring Government, 634; Cultural and Educational Change, 636; War, Colonialism, and Equality in the Family of Nations, 638; Nationalism and Imperialism: What Difference Do They Make?, 639

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 20.1: Program of the Serb Society of National Defense; 20.2: Irish National Identity and Destiny: Three Views; 20.3: Fustel de Coulanges: What Is a Nation? A reply to Mr. Mommsen, Professor in Berlin; 20.4: Lord William Bentinck: Comments on Ritual Murder and the Limits of Religious Toleration; 20.5: The Scramble for Africa; 20.6: Rudyard Kipling; 20.7: Francisco García Calderón: The North American Peril; 21.1: Lin Tse-hsu [Lin Zexu]: Letter of Moral Admonition to Queen Victoria; 21.2: Wei Yuan: Use the Barbarians to Fight the Barbarians; 21.3: Feng Guifen: Why Are Western Nations Small and Yet Strong?; 21.4: The Treaty of Nanking: Treaty of Peace,







TR/TECH: Friendship, Commerce Indemnity, etc., between Great Britain and China, 1842; 21.5: Long Yu: The Abdication Decree (1912); 21.6: Lafcadio Hern: Glimpse of Unfamiliar Japan; 21.7: President Fillmore: Letter to the Emperor of Japan; 21.8: Russo-Japanese War, 1904-05, Imperial Rescript AP Correlation Guide: 102-109

Overlaps between nations and empires SE: The Quest For Empire, 604; The Ottoman Empire: The "Sick Man of Europe," 1829-76, 608; The Ottoman Empire: The "Sick Man of Europe," 1829-76, 608; Southeast Asia and Indonesia, 1795-1880, 609; India, 1858-1914, 610; Source: "The Attack of King Industry", 612; China, 1800-1914, 613; The Opium Wars, 1839-42 and 1856-60, 614; Africa, 1652-1912, 617; South Africa, 1652-1910, 618; Egypt, 1798-1882, 620; Algeria, 1830-71, 621; A Western Orientation in West Africa, 624; European Explorers and the Scramble for Africa, 625; How Do We Know? Why did Europeans Colonize the World?, 626; Labor Issues: Coercion and Unionization, 628; Gender Relationships in Colonization, 629; War, Colonialism, and Equality in the Family of Nations, 638; Nationalism and Imperialism: What Difference Do They Make?, 639

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 20.5: The Scramble for Africa; 20.6: Rudyard Kipling; 20.7: Francisco García Calderón: The North American Peril; 21.1: Lin Tse-hsu [Lin Zexu]: Letter of Moral Admonition to Queen Victoria; 21.2: Wei Yuan: Use the Barbarians to Fight the Barbarians; 21.3: Feng Guifen: Why Are Western Nations Small and Yet Strong?; 21.4: The Treaty of Nanking: Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Commerce Indemnity, etc., between Great Britain and China, 1842; 21.5: Long Yu: The Abdication Decree (1912); 21.6: Lafcadio Hern: Glimpse of Unfamiliar Japan; 21.7: President Fillmore: Letter to the Emperor of Japan; 21.8: Russo-Japanese War, 1904-05, Imperial Rescript AP Correlation Guide: 102-109






appropriate resource(s)) Rise of democracy and its limitations: reform; women; racism

SE: The Reality of Government by Male Property Owners, 533; The Revolt of the Poor, 541; International War, The "Second" Revolution, and the Terror, 1791-99, 542; Source: Olympe de Gouges, "The Rights of Women", 543; The Abolition Of Slavery and The Slave Trade, 548; How Do We Know? Abolition: Historians Debate the Causes, 549; Religious and Economic Issues, 555; Political Revolutions: What Difference Do They Make?, 556; Labor Issues: Coercion and Unionization, 628; Gender Relationships in Colonization, 629; Cultural and Educational Change, 636; War, Colonialism, and Equality in the Family of Nations, 638

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 18.3: Pierre Jurieu: The Sighs of Enslaved France; 18.4: Declaration of Independence: Revolutionary Declarations; 18.5: The Abbé Sieyés: What Is the Third Estate?; 18.7: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen; 18.8: Edmund Burke: Reflections on the Revolution in France AP Correlation Guide: 86-93

6. Rise of Western dominance (economic, political, social, cultural and artistic, patterns of expansion; imperialism and colonialism) and different cultural and political reactions (reform; resistance; rebellion; racism; nationalism) Impact of changing European ideologies on colonial administrations.

SE: The Quest For Empire, 604; The Ottoman Empire: The "Sick Man of Europe," 1829-76, 608; The Ottoman Empire: The "Sick Man of Europe," 1829-76, 608; Southeast Asia and Indonesia, 1795-1880, 609; India, 1858-1914, 610; Source: "The Attack of King Industry", 612; China, 1800-1914, 613; The Opium Wars, 1839-42 and 1856-60, 614; Africa, 1652-1912, 617; South Africa, 1652-1910, 618; Egypt, 1798-1882, 620; Algeria, 1830-71, 621; A Western Orientation in West Africa, 624; European Explorers and the Scramble for Africa, 625; How Do We Know? Why did Europeans Colonize the World?, 626; Labor Issues: Coercion and Unionization, 628; Gender Relationships in Colonization, 629; War, Colonialism, and Equality in the Family of Nations, 638; Nationalism and Imperialism: What Difference Do They Make?, 639







The Scramble for Africa; 20.6: Rudyard Kipling; 20.7: Francisco García Calderón: The North American Peril; 21.1: Lin Tse-hsu [Lin Zexu]: Letter of Moral Admonition to Queen Victoria; 21.2: Wei Yuan: Use the Barbarians to Fight the Barbarians; 21.3: Feng Guifen: Why Are Western Nations Small and Yet Strong?; 21.4: The Treaty of Nanking: Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Commerce Indemnity, etc., between Great Britain and China, 1842; 21.5: Long Yu: The Abdication Decree (1912); 21.6: Lafcadio Hern: Glimpse of Unfamiliar Japan; 21.7: President Fillmore: Letter to the Emperor of Japan; 21.8: Russo-Japanese War, 1904-05, Imperial Rescript AP Correlation Guide: 102-109

7. Patterns of cultural and artistic interactions among societies in different parts of the world (African and Asian influences on European art; cultural policies of Meiji Japan)

SE: Turning Point: An Album Of Comparisons, 516; Western Revolutions and their Influence, 518; Aloysius O’Kelly, African Musician, 623; Christmas in India, a sketch by E. K. Johnson, 629; Cultural and Educational Change, 636; Mitsui dry-goods store advertisement, 636; Meiji classroom scene, c. 1900, 638

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 20.6: Rudyard Kipling; 21.6: Lafcadio Hern: Glimpse of Unfamiliar Japan

8. Diverse interpretations What are the debates over the utility of modernization theory as a framework for interpreting events in this period and the next?

SE: Cultural and Educational Change, 636; Turning Point: An Album Of Comparisons, 516; The Birth of Human Rights in the Age of Enlightenment, 521; Philosophical Rationales, 523; A Theory of Government by Property Owners, 524; Intellectual Revolutions in Science and Philosophy, 526; Source: Universal Suffrage vs. Property Rights, 532; The Reality of Government by Male Property Owners, 533; The Philosophes and The Enlightenment in The Eighteenth Century, 533; Source: Olympe de Gouges, "The Rights of Women", 543; How Do We Know? Abolition: Historians Debate the Causes, 549; Political Revolutions: What Difference Do They Make?, 556

TR/TECH: AP Correlation Guide: 85, 110






appropriate resource(s)) What are the debates about the causes of serf and slave emancipation in this period, and how do these debates fit into broader comparisons of labor systems?

SE: How Do We Know? Abolition: Historians Debate the Causes, 549; Political Revolutions: What Difference Do They Make?, 556

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 19.2: Women Miners in the English Coal Pits; 19.3: Sadler Report: Child Labor; 19.4: Andrew Ure: A Defense of the Factory System; 19.7: Robert Owen: Utopian Socialism AP Correlation Guide: 94-101

What are the debates over the nature of women’s roles in this period, how do these debates apply to industrialized areas, and how do they apply in colonial societies?

SE: The Reality of Government by Male Property Owners, 533; Source: Olympe de Gouges, "The Rights of Women", 543; Gender Relationships and the Industrial Revolution, 576

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 19.2: Women Miners in the English Coal Pits

1914-Present What students are expected to know: Major Developments 1. Questions of periodization Continuities and breaks, causes of changes from the previous period within this period

SE: Turning Point: The Olympics and International Politics, 644; Exploding Technologies 1914-1991: Contested Visions of a New International Order, 646-681; Methods Of Production and Destruction: What Difference Do They Make?, 682; World War Ii and The Cold War 1937-1949: The World in Peril, 685-719; Entering The Second Half Of The 20th Century: What Difference Does It Make?, 720; Cold War and New Nations 1945-1989: Remaking the Post-World War II World, 725-762; Legacies Of The Cold War, Decolonization, Economic and Social Development: What Difference Do They Make?, 763; China and India 1914-1991: Postwar Developments, 767-797; Comparing China and India: What Difference Does It Make?, 798; Turning Point: Into A New Century, 802; New Public Identities 1979-present, 807-838; Public Identities: What Difference Do They Make?, 839; Regional Identities and The Twenty-First Century, 843-881

TR/TECH: AP Correlation Guide: 85, 110






appropriate resource(s)) 2. The World Wars, the Holocaust, the Cold War, nuclear weaponry, international organizations, and their impact on the global framework (globalization of diplomacy and conflict; global balance of power; reduction of European influence; the League of Nations, United Nations, Non-Aligned Nations, etc.)

SE: World War I, 1914-18, 663; How Do We Know? War Experiences Subvert Colonialism, 666; Post-war Expectations and Results, 667; The Paris Peace Settlements, 1919, 669; The League of Nations, 670; World War II and The Cold War 1937-1949: The World in Peril, 685; Portents Of Disaster, 685; The Contest Of The "Isms": Fascism and Communism, 686; The Descent Toward World War, 692; The Early Cost of War Technology, 696; The War in Europe, 1939-45, 696; The War in the Pacific, 1937-42, 699; Assessing the Results of the War, 705; Technology in the War, 705; Horrors of the War, 707; How Do We Know? The Milgram Experiment and the "Final Solution", 709; The Image Of Humanity, 710; How Do We Know? The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb, 712; The United Nations, Postwar Recovery, and The Origins Of The Cold War, 714; The United Nations, 714; Political Reconstruction in Japan and Germany, 716; Economic Reconstruction and the Cold War, 719; Entering The Second Half Of The 20th Century: What Difference Does It Make?, 720; Cold War and New Nations 1945-1989: Remaking the Post-World War II World, 725; The Korean War, 1950-53, 728; The Soviet Union after Stalin, 729; The American Military-Industrial Complex, 731; The Cuban Missile Crisis, 732; Source: Guerrilla Warfare, 734; The Cold War and The Emergence Of New Nations, 734; Africa, 737; Egypt, 737; Congo, 738; Algeria, 740; Mozambique, Angola, and Guinea, 741; The Emergence Of The Third World, 743; Client States and Proxy Wars, 745; Latin America, 746; Nicaragua, 747; Guatemala, 748; The United Nations: Growth and New Missions, 752; China, 1925-89, 768; Prelude to Revolution, 768; Mao Zedong, Peasant Revolt, and the Communist Party, 771; USSR, 779; The United States, 780; Post-Revolutionary China, 781; How Do We Know? Technological Hazards and Questionable Accountability, 797; Weapons Trafficking, 835; Trafficking in Nuclear Materials, 835







Slaughter on the Somme; 22.3: “World War I: A Frenchman’s Recollections”; 22.4: The Perversion of Technology: War in “No Man’s Land”; 22.5: Sir Henry McMahon: Letter to Ali Ibn Husain; 22.6: The Balfour Declaration; 22.7: Woodrow Wilson: Speech on the Fourteen Points; 22.8: The Covenant of the League of Nations; 23.1: The Bolshevik Seizure of Power; 23.2: Nadezhda K. Krupskaya: What a Communist Ought to Be Like; 23.3: John Scott: Behind the Urals; 23.4: Nadezhda Mandelstam: Hope Against Hope; 23.5: The Rise of Benito Mussolini; 23.6: Adolf Hitler; 24.1: Kita Ikki: Outline for the Reconstruction of Japan; 24.2: Japanese Imperialism; 24.3: Mao Zedong: Report of an Investigation into the Peasant Movement in Hunan; 24.4: Li Shaoqi: How to Be a Good Communist (1939); 24.5: The New Communist State (1940-1950); 24.6: Mao Zedong: From the Countryside to the City (May, 1949); 24.7: The Failure of the Nationalist Government: The American Assessment; 25.1: Adolf Hitler: The Obersalzberg Speech; 25.2: The Atlantic Charter; 25.3: The Rape of Nanjing; 25.4: Hiroshima and Nagasaki; 25.5: Lindsey Parrot: Tojo Makes Plea of Self-Defense; 25.6: The Charter of the United Nations; 26.1: Joseph Stalin: The Soviet Victory: Capitalism vs. Communism (February, 1946); 26.2: Sir Winston Churchill: An Iron Curtain Has Descended Across the Continent (March, 1946); 26.3: Harry S. Truman: The Truman Doctrine (March, 1947); 26.4: George C. Marshall: The Marshall Plan (June, 1947); 26.5: Korea: The Thirty-eighth Parallel; 26.6: General Douglas MacArthur: Report to Congress: Old Soldiers Never Die. (April, 1951); 26.7: Henry A. Myers: East Berliners Rise Up Against Soviet Oppression A Personal Account; 26.8: Nikita Khrushchev: The Victory of Communism Is Inevitable! Speech to the 22nd Communist Party Congress (1962) AP Correlation Guide: 112-117, 118-126, 127-134






appropriate resource(s)) 3. New patterns of nationalism (fascism; decolonization; racism, genocide; the breakup of the Soviet Union)

SE: World War I, 1914-18, 663; How Do We Know? War Experiences Subvert Colonialism, 666; Post-war Expectations and Results, 667; The Paris Peace Settlements, 1919, 669; The League of Nations, 670; Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution, 673; State Planning in Soviet Russia, 675; World War II and The Cold War 1937-1949: The World in Peril, 685; Portents Of Disaster, 685; The Contest Of The "Isms": Fascism and Communism, 686; Italy, 686; Germany, 687; Japan, 690; The Descent Toward World War, 692; Horrors of the War, 707; How Do We Know? The Milgram Experiment and the "Final Solution", 709; The Image Of Humanity, 710; How Do We Know? The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb, 712; Japan, 717; Germany, 718; Economic Reconstruction and the Cold War, 719; Entering The Second Half Of The 20th Century: What Difference Does It Make?, 720; The Cold War and The Emergence Of New Nations, 734; Africa, Egypt, 737; Congo, 738; How Do We Know? Evaluating the Legacies of Colonialism, 739; Algeria, 740; Mozambique, Angola, and Guinea, 741; The Emergence Of The Third World, 743; Client States and Proxy Wars, 745; Latin America, 746; Nicaragua, 747; Guatemala, 748; Panama, 748; Chile, 749; Iran, 749; Legacies Of The Cold War, Decolonization, Economic and Social Development: What Difference Do They Make?, 763; USSR, 779; India, 781; The Independence Struggle, 1914-1947, 782; British Policies and Practices, 782; South Africa, 784; Independence, 1947, 790; Pakistan, 790; Kashmir, 791; Comparing China and India: What Difference Does It Make?, 798; The Soviet Union Dissolves, 807; Regional Identities and The Twenty-First Century, 843; Source: The Continuing Rationale for European Integration, 845; Yugoslavia, 846; Africa, 848; South Africa, 848; Rwanda and Congo, 852; How Do We Know? South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 853; Latin America, 856; Mexico, 857; Brazil, 860; China and India, 861






appropriate resource(s)) TR/TECH; 27.1: Mohandas K. Gandhi; 27.2:

Jawaharlal Nehru: Gandhi and Nehru: Two Utterly Different Standpoints; 27.3: Frantz Fanon: The Wretched of the Earth; 27.4: Kwame Nkrumah: I Speak of Freedom: A Statement of African Ideology; 27.5: Israel’s Proclamation of Independence; 27.7: Views of a Viet Cong Official; 27.8: An American Prisoner of War; 28.4: Keith B. Richburg: A Black Man Confronts Africa; 28.5: Alain Destexhe: Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century; 29.1: Helmut Kohl: A United Germany in a United Europe (June, 1990); 29.2: François Mitterand: The Reconciliation of France and Germany, (September, 1990); 29.3: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwest Bosnia: Three Witnesses; 29.4: Den Xiaoping: A Market Economy for Socialist Goals; 29.5: Pope John Paul II: Centesimus Annus; 29.6: Saddam’s Invasion of Kuwait: Two Rationales; 29.7: George W. Bush: We Wage War to Save Civilization Itself (2001) 29.8: Henry A. Myer AP Correlation Guide: 141-153

4. Impact of major global economic developments (the Great Depression; technology; Pacific Rim; multinational corporations)

SE: Exploding Technologies 1914-1991: Contested Visions of a New International Order, 646; Methods Of Mass Production and Destruction 1914-1937: Technological Systems, 649; Scientific and Technological Creativity, 650; State Planning in Soviet Russia, 675; The Depression, 680; Source: How Should We Live?, 681; Methods Of Production and Destruction: What Difference Do They Make?, 682; The United Nations, Postwar Recovery, and The Origins Of The Cold War, 714; Economic Reconstruction and the Cold War, 719; The American Military-Industrial Complex, 731; NGOs and Transnationals, 761; Legacies Of The Cold War, Decolonization, Economic and Social Development: What Difference Do They Make?, 763; Economic Changes, 794; Economic and Technological Change after Independence, 795; Land Redistribution, 796; The Soviet Union Dissolves, 807; Globalization: New Economic and Cultural Identities, 827; How Do We Know? Evaluating Globalization, 829; Disparities, Disruptions, and Crises: A Cautionary Tale from Asia, 830; Opposition to Globalization, 832; The Global Criminal Economy, 833; The Force behind China's Economic Growth: Capitalism or Socialism?, 863; Markets, the IMF, and Capitalist Economics, 870







The Bolshevik Seizure of Power; 23.2: Nadezhda K. Krupskaya: What a Communist Ought to Be Like; 24.1: Kita Ikki: Outline for the Reconstruction of Japan; 29.4: Den Xiaoping: A Market Economy for Socialist Goals AP Correlation Guide: 112-117, 118-126, 127-134

5. New forces of revolution and other sources of political innovations

SE: The Mexican Revolution, 1910-1920, 659; How Do We Know? War Experiences Subvert Colonialism, 666; Post-war Expectations and Results, 667; The Russian Revolution, 672; The Build-up to Revolution, 1914-1917, 672; Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution, 673; State Planning in Soviet Russia, 675; How Do We Know? Evaluating the Legacies of Colonialism, 739; Algeria, 740; Mozambique, Angola, and Guinea, 741; The Emergence Of The Third World, 743; Legacies Of The Cold War, Decolonization, Economic and Social Development: What Difference Do They Make?, 763; Prelude to Revolution, 768; Power Struggles, 1925-1937, 769; Chiang Kai-shek and the Guomindang, 769; Mao Zedong, Peasant Revolt, and the Communist Party, 771; Peasant Organization and Guerrilla Warfare, 772; The Long March and the Communist Triumph, 1934-1949, 774; Revolutionary Policies, 1949-1969, 776; Implementing the Principles of the Long March, 1949-1955, 776; "Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom," 1956-1957, 777; The "Great Leap Forward," 1957-1969, 778; The Cultural Revolution, 1966-1969, 778; Recovery, 1970-1976, 779; India, 1914-1991, 782; The Independence Struggle, 1914-1947, 782; Gandhi's Innovations and Courage, 783; Gandhi Develops Satyagraha in South Africa, 783; Gandhi Returns to India and Leads the Congress, 785; Hindu-Muslim Unity, 786; Cultural Policies, 787; Source: Gandhi and Labor Relations, 788; Congress Campaigns for Independence, 1920-1922,1930-1932, 1942, 789; Independence, 1947, 790; Comparing China and India: What Difference Does It Make?, 798; New Public Identities 1979-present: Political Identities, 807; How Do We Know? South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 853; China after Mao: An Era of Reform, 862; The Force behind China's Economic Growth: Capitalism or Socialism?, 863; India after Congress Dominance: A Quiet Revolution in Caste and Politics, 867







Mohandas K. Gandhi; 27.2: Jawaharlal Nehru: Gandhi and Nehru: Two Utterly Different Standpoints; 27.3: Frantz Fanon: The Wretched of the Earth; 27.4: Kwame Nkrumah: I Speak of Freedom: A Statement of African Ideology AP Correlation Guide: 141-153

6. Social reform and social revolution (changing gender roles; family structures; rise of feminism; peasant protest; international Marxism; religious fundamentalism)

SE: Gender Relations, 653; The Mexican Revolution, 1910-1920, 659; The Russian Revolution, 672; The Build-up to Revolution, 1914-1917, 672; Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution, 673; Women in the Soviet Union, 677; Women and the War, 706; Demographics: Health, Migration, Urbanization, and the Green Revolution, 754; NGOs and Transnationals, 761; Legacies Of The Cold War, Decolonization, Economic and Social Development: What Difference Do They Make?, 763; China, 1925-89, 768; Prelude to Revolution, 768; Power Struggles, 1925-1937, 769; Chiang Kai-shek and the Guomindang, 769; Mao Zedong, Peasant Revolt, and the Communist Party, 771; Peasant Organization and Guerrilla Warfare, 772; Gender Issues under Mao, 773; "Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom," 1956-1957, 777; Gandhi's Innovations and Courage, 783; Hindu-Muslim Unity, 786; Abolition of Untouchability, 786; Cultural Policies, 787; Gender Issues, 793; Legal Changes, 794; Social Changes, 794; Economic Changes, 794; The Green Revolution, 795; Land Redistribution, 796; Family Planning, Life Expectancy, and the Condition of Children, 796; Religious and Cultural Identities, 816; Hinduism and Islam in South Asia, 818; Confucianism, 820; Judaism, Christianity, 821; Evangelical Christianity, 823; Religion in the United States, 824; How Do We Know? Perspectives on Religious Identity in the United States, 826; Globalization: New Economic and Cultural Identities, 827; Hinduism and Islam in South Asia, 818; Confucianism, 820; Judaism, 821; Christianity, 821; Medicine, Science, and Global Ecology, 836; Ecological Issues, 838; Public Identities: What Difference Do They Make?, 839; How Do We Know? South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 853; India after Congress Dominance: A Quiet Revolution in Caste and Politics, 867







Mao Zedong: Report of an Investigation into the Peasant Movement in Hunan; 24.4: Li Shaoqi: How to Be a Good Communist (1939); 24.5: The New Communist State (1940-1950); 24.6: Mao Zedong: From the Countryside to the City (May, 1949); 24.7: The Failure of the Nationalist Government: The American Assessment; 27.1: Mohandas K. Gandhi; 27.2: Jawaharlal Nehru: Gandhi and Nehru: Two Utterly Different Standpoints; 27.3: Frantz Fanon: The Wretched of the Earth; 27.4: Kwame Nkrumah: I Speak of Freedom: A Statement of African Ideology AP Correlation Guide: 135-140

7. Globalization of science, technology, and culture Developments in global cultures and regional reactions, including science and consumer culture

SE: Turning Point: Into A New Century, 802; Evolving Identities 1979-present, 804; Globalization: New Economic and Cultural Identities, 827; The Internet and the World Wide Web, 828; How Do We Know? Evaluating Globalization, 829; Disparities, Disruptions, and Crises: A Cautionary Tale from Asia, 830; Opposition to Globalization, 832; The Global Criminal Economy, 833; Public Identities: What Difference Do They Make?, 839; Regional Identities and The Twenty-First Century, 843; Europe, 843; Western and Central Europe, 843; Source: The Continuing Rationale for European Integration, 845; Yugoslavia, 846; Africa, 848; Rwanda and Congo, 852; How Do We Know? South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 853; Latin America, 856; Mexico, 857; Brazil, 860; China and India, 861; China after Mao: An Era of Reform, 862; Markets, the IMF, and Capitalist Economics, 870

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 27.4: Kwame Nkrumah: I Speak of Freedom: A Statement of African Ideology; 27.5: Israel’s Proclamation of Independence; 27.7: Views of a Viet Cong Official; 27.8: An American Prisoner of War; 28.4: Keith B. Richburg: A Black Man Confronts Africa; 28.5: Alain Destexhe: Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century; 29.1: Helmut Kohl: A United Germany in a United Europe (June, 1990); 29.2: François Mitterand: The Reconciliation of France and Germany, (September, 1990); 29.3: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwest Bosnia: Three Witnesses; 29.4: Den Xiaoping: A Market Economy for Socialist Goals; 29.5: Pope John Paul II: Centesimus Annus;







TR/TECH: 29.6: Saddam’s Invasion of Kuwait: Two Rationales; 29.7: George W. Bush: We Wage War to Save Civilization Itself (2001); 29.8: Henry A. Myer AP Correlation Guide: 141-153

Interactions between elite and popular culture and art

Opportunities to address this standard can be found on the following pages: SE: Turning Point: The Olympics and International Politics, 644-645; Diego Rivera, The Conquest of Mexico, 660; Diego Rivera, Man at the Crossroads, 660; Lenin and Joseph Stalin at Gorki, 1922, 674; Russian poster for women textile workers, 1930, 678; Source: How Should We Live?, 681; Pablo Picasso, Guernica, 694; Rosie the Riveter poster, 706; Nicaragua, 1979, 747


Patterns of resistance including religious responses

SE: Source: Guerrilla Warfare, 734; The Cold War and The Emergence Of New Nations, 734; Africa, 737; Congo, 738; How Do We Know? Evaluating the Legacies of Colonialism, 739; Algeria, 740; Mozambique, Angola, and Guinea, 741; The Emergence Of The Third World, 743; Client States and Proxy Wars, 745; Latin America, 746; Nicaragua, 747; Guatemala, 748; Chile, 749; In Pursuit Of Peace, 751; Legacies Of The Cold War, Decolonization, Economic and Social Development: What Difference Do They Make?, 763; Gandhi's Innovations and Courage, 783; Gandhi Develops Satyagraha in South Africa, 783; Religious and Cultural Identities, 816; Hinduism and Islam in South Asia, 818; Confucianism, 820; Judaism, 821; Christianity, 821; Evangelical Christianity, 823; Religion in the United States, 824; How Do We Know? Perspectives on Religious Identity in the United States, 826; Globalization: New Economic and Cultural Identities, 827; Opposition to Globalization, 832

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 27.2: Jawaharlal Nehru: Gandhi and Nehru: Two Utterly Different Standpoints; 27.4: Kwame Nkrumah: I Speak of Freedom: A Statement of African Ideology; 27.7: Views of a Viet Cong Official; 29.5: Pope John Paul II: Centesimus Annus AP Correlation Guide: 141-153






appropriate resource(s)) 8. Demographic and environmental changes (migrations; changes in birthrates and death rates; new forms of urbanization; deforestation; green/environmental movements)

SE: Methods Of Mass Production and Destruction 1914-1937: Technological Systems, 649; Scientific and Technological Creativity, 650; Urbanization and Migration, 654; Methods Of Production and Destruction: What Difference Do They Make?, 682; Women and the War, 706; Economic Reconstruction and the Cold War, 719; Entering The Second Half Of The 20th Century: What Difference Does It Make?, 720; Source: Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, 753; Demographics: Health, Migration, Urbanization, and the Green Revolution, 754; How Do We Know? The Social Setting of Technology, 760; Social Changes, 794; The Green Revolution, 795; Family Planning, Life Expectancy, and the Condition of Children, 796; How Do We Know? Technological Hazards and Questionable Accountability, 797; Medicine, Science, and Global Ecology, 836; Ecological Issues, 838

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 28.5: Alain Destexhe: Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century; 29.3: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwest Bosnia: Three Witnesses AP Correlation Guide: 141-153

9. Diverse interpretations Is cultural convergence or diversity the best model for understanding increased intercultural contact in the twentieth century?

SE: Turning Point: Into A New Century, 802; Evolving Identities 1979-present, 804-805; New Public Identities 1979-present: Political Identities, 807; European Identity, 812; Religious and Cultural Identities, 816; How Do We Know? Perspectives on Religious Identity in the United States, 826; How Do We Know? Evaluating Globalization, 829; Public Identities: What Difference Do They Make?, 839; Regional Identities and The Twenty-First Century, 843; Source: The Continuing Rationale for European Integration, 845

TR/TECH: Primary Sources on CD-ROM; 27.4: Kwame Nkrumah: I Speak of Freedom: A Statement of African Ideology; 27.5: Israel’s Proclamation of Independence; 28.4: Keith B. Richburg: A Black Man Confronts Africa; 28.5: Alain Destexhe: Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century; 29.1: Helmut Kohl: A United Germany in a United Europe (June, 1990); 29.2: François Mitterand: The Reconciliation of France and Germany, (September, 1990); 29.3: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwest Bosnia: Three Witnesses AP Correlation Guide: 141-142






appropriate resource(s)) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using units of analysis in the twentieth century such as the nation, the world, the West, and the Third World?

SE: The Emergence Of The Third World, 743; The United Nations: Growth and New Missions, 752; Legacies Of The Cold War, Decolonization, Economic and Social Development: What Difference Do They Make?, 763; How Do We Know? Technological Hazards and Questionable Accountability, 797; International Relations, 797; Turning Point: Into A New Century, 802; Evolving Identities 1979-present, 804-805; New Public Identities 1979-present: Political Identities, 807; European Identity, 812; Religious and Cultural Identities, 816; How Do We Know? Perspectives on Religious Identity in the United States, 826; How Do We Know? Evaluating Globalization, 829; Public Identities: What Difference Do They Make?, 839; Regional Identities and The Twenty-First Century, 843; Source: The Continuing Rationale for European Integration, 845

TR/TECH: AP Correlation Guide: 141-142, 143-153

the world’s history (spodek), 3rd edition © 2006 correlated to: advanced placement...

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