The

http ://www. ieee.org/the inst i tute March 2005 VOL. 29, N0. 1

BY TRUDY E. BELL

F OPEN ACCESS—a movementgaining momentum in academicpublishing that proposes journalarticles be made universally available online to all readers forfree—becomes reality, the resultscould dramatically reshape the

activities of all scholarly publishers,including the IEEE.

Three events last year rocketed openaccess from the realm of the hypotheticalto that of a hard-nosed practical concern.In July the British House of Commonspublished a 114-page examination of aca-demic publishing, which took to task well-known publishers (though not the IEEE)for charging libraries annual subscriptionrates of up to US $30 000 for a singlejournal. The Commons recommendedthat “all [United Kingdom] higher educa-tion institutions establish institutionalrepositories in which their published out-put can be stored and from which it canbe read, free of charge, online.”

In November Google launched www.scholar.google.com, a search engine thatmakes it easier to find academic publica-tions in higher-education repositories as wellas in researchers’ private Web sites. Andfinally, in December, U.S. President GeorgeW. Bush signed into law an appropriationsbill for the National Institutes of Health(NIH) that included the request that authorsdeposit a digital copy of the final version ofa peer-reviewed journal article resultingfrom NIH-sponsored research into theNIH’s public depository, PubMed Central.

These documents would be freely availableno more than six months after the article ispublished in a paid-subscription journal.(Anyone wanting the information immedi-ately would still have to pay for a journalsubscription.) This request affects the IEEE,whose biomedical technology journals pub-lish some NIH-sponsored research.

“Good or bad, open access is happen-ing,” declares John Vig, IEEE’s 2005 VicePresident of Technical Activities and thepast chair of the Technical Activities Board’sStrategic Planning and Review Commit-tee. “It’s not a matter of ‘if,’ but ‘when.’”

Accordingly, the IEEE’s Publication Ser-vices and Products [Continued on page 13]

IEEE FELLOW PARALLELS SOUTH KOREA’S GROWTH P. 8

RFID Tags Take HoldIEEE plays role in the rise of wireless ID

BY WILLIAM LEVENTON

YOU MAY KNOW IT AS not-quite-newwireless technology that automatically col-lects highway tolls and controls access tobuildings and offices. But IEEE members,publications, and events are helping to turnthis bit of technical wizardry into a 21st-century dynamo that could banish the ubiq-uitous bar codes on products sold at retailstores and keep track of all manner of ship-ments, even blocking prescription-drugcounterfeiters from selling their knockoffs.

The technology is known as radio-frequency identification, or RFID. Howbig will it be? It’s sweeping across theindustrial landscape, according to the pro-gram chair of IEEE Wescon 2004, heldlast September in Anaheim, Calif. Theshow focused its presentations and

Doctors can access apatient’s medical history

that’s tied to a VeriChip radiofrequency ID (RFID) tag

implanted under the skin.

INFORMATION FREE-FOR-ALL?

I

[Continued on page 12]

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THE INSTITUTE | MARCH 2005 3

1 Information Free-for-All?BY TRUDY E. BELLThere’s a move afoot to make articles that appear in scholarlyjournals, like those published by the IEEE, available online forfree. Open access, as it’s called, has publishers thinking hardabout how their businesses can meet this challenge.

1 RFID Tags Take HoldBY WILLIAM LEVENTONRadio frequency identification, or RFID, tags already automati-cally collect highway tolls and control access to buildings. Butthe technology, being helped along by IEEE conferences andpapers, will really hit it big when the tags can supplant the ubiq-uitous bar code to track products all along the supply chain.

PRESIDENT’S COLUMN

6 Ensuring Stability in An Engineering CareerBY CLEON ANDERSONEngineering is all about solving problems, and the engi-neers’ problem-solving abilities can be applied to develop-ing an effective career plan.

11 Teaching TeachersTechnologyBY WILLIAM LEVENTONIEEE members are quietly volunteering their time to teach tech-nical subjects to educators. The idea is for the teachers to usetheir newfound knowledge in their classrooms.

14 Nine Standards thatKeep Your Computer GoingBY ERICA VONDERHEIDYou may not realize that the smooth operation of your per-sonal computer is due to standards developed by the IEEE.

17 Salaries for U.S. IEEEMembers Decline, AccordingTo SurveyBY CHRIS MCMANESThe upward march of salaries for electrical engineers hashalted and is retreating, according to data from the recentIEEE–USA survey of salaries and fringe benefits.

THE INSTITUTEONLINEFind information on these topics and more at http://www.ieee.org/theinstitute on 8 March.

Art & photo credits: Page 1: Joon Choi PhotographyInc. (top right); Applied Digital (top left); David Julian(bottom left); Page 3: Doug Gorham; Page 4: IEEE; Page5: Mick Wiggins; Page 6: Lance W. Clayton; Page 8:Joon Choi Photography Inc.; Page 10: IEEE; Page 11:Doug Gorham; Page 12: John S. Dykes; Page 13: MetroAG (top); Texas Instruments (center); Page 14: RobMelnychuk/Getty Images; Page 18: New Jersey Instituteof Technology (top); Lanny Floyd (bottom); Page 19:Digital Vision/Getty Images.

NEWS4 SPEECH TECHNOLOGY PIONEER

RECEIVES MEDAL OF HONOR

TWO CANDIDATES VIE FOR 2006PRESIDENT-ELECT SPOT

NEW BOOK FROM IEEE TO EXAMINE E-VOTING ISSUES

DEPARTMENTS5 LETTERS

5 MARKETPLACE OF IDEAS

7 FELLOWS

10 PRODUCTS & SERVICES

16 ELECTION DEADLINES

18 MEMBER RECOGNITION

18 IN MEMORIAM

19 BEST PRACTICES

11

CONTENTS

THE INSTITUTE (ISSN 1050-1797) is published quarterly by The Institute of

Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Ave., 17th Floor, New York, N.Y.,

10016-5997; tel. +1 212 419 7900. Periodicals postage paid at New York, N.Y., and at

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IEEE Board of Directors. Unless otherwise specified, the IEEE neither endorses nor

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review items within their purview prior to publication. When published in THE INSTI-

TUTE, individual viewpoints of elected IEEE officers are labeled as such. They are

reviewed by the individuals to whom they are attributed, unless they are a matter of

record. The editorial staff is responsible for selection of subject matter and its

placement within the issue. Copyright © 2005 by The Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers, Inc. THE INSTITUTE is a registered trademark owned by The

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. POSTMASTER: Send address

changes to THE INSTITUTE, IEEE Operations Center, Coding Department, Box 1331,

Piscataway, N.J. 08855-1331, USA.

NEWS The latest reader survey gives The Institute a thumbs up.

LOCAL ACTIVITIES In 2004, IEEE volunteers founded newsections in Lebanon, Morocco, and Qatar.

FEATURED CONFERENCE Learn about the latest in oil and natural gas drilling at the 2005 Offshore TechnologyConference, 3–5 May in Houston.

PLUS

3p.contentsNEW.lo 2/14/05 4:07 PM Page 3

Two Candidates to Compete For 2006 President-Elect SpotAT LEAST TWO CANDIDATES will be on the 2005 ballot for president-elect. The can-didates were recommended by the IEEE Nominations and Appointments Committeeand selected by the Board of Directors at its November meeting. The winner will suc-ceed Michael Lightner whose term as IEEE president expires at the end of 2006.

LEAH JAMIESON is a professor of electrical and computer engi-neering at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind., whereshe has been a faculty member since 1976. She is the vicepresident this year of IEEE Publication Services and Productsand was chair of the IEEE Technical Activities Board Period-icals Committee, as well as vice president of Technical Activ-ities in 2003.

At Purdue she cofounded the Engineering Projects in Com-munity Service undergraduate program, which matches teams

of engineering students with local community-service programs in order to define,design, build, test, and support projects that improve the community. One example isthe university’s partnership with the Wabash Center Children’s Clinic, which works withthe physically disabled. Purdue students helped deliver custom play-group software,including interactive programs to teach the sign-language alphabet.

An IEEE Fellow, Jamieson received a bachelor’s degree in mathematics from theMassachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge and master’s and doctoraldegrees in electrical engineering and computer science from Princeton Universityin New Jersey.

GERALD PETERSON was a senior manager at Bell Laboratories’advanced technologies global strategic standardization depart-ment in Murray Hill, N.J., until he retired in February 2003. Peter-son now advises Bell Labs on IEEE standardization matters.

He was the 2003 president of the IEEE Standards Associa-tion, and he served on the IEEE Educational Activities Board in2003 and 2004. He also was on the IEEE Communications Soci-ety board of governors as a member at large from 2002 to 2004.

A senior member of the IEEE, Peterson has lectured onstandards development processes at numerous educational institutions, includingStanford University in Palo Alto, Calif.; the University of Colorado in Boulder; andthe U.S. Department of State Foreign Service Institute in Washington, D.C. Hereceived degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Washington inSeattle and Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N.J.

The final version of the 2005 election ballot may also have the names of mem-bers who have successfully petitioned the membership to become candidates for2006 president-elect. Each petition must be signed by at least 1 percent of eligiblevoting members and received by the IEEE Board of Directors by noon on 10 June.Ballots are scheduled to be mailed to members by 1 September. •

4 THE INSTITUTE | MARCH 2005

NEWSFROM AROUND THE IEEE & THE WORLD

Speech Technology PioneerReceives IEEE Medal of Honor

IEEE LIFE FELLOW

James Flanagan isthe recipient of the2005 IEEE Medal ofHonor for his con-tributions to speechtechnology. Amonghis achievements,he is credited with

inventing autodirective microphonearrays, which help make speech signalsclearer in noisy environments. The arraysare used, for example, in teleconferencingequipment. He also pioneered the use ofcomputers for acoustic signal processing.

Flanagan has had successful careersin both industry and academia. He was director of information principlesresearch at Bell Laboratories in MurrayHill, N.J., when he left in 1990 to joinRutgers University in New Brunswick,N.J. He is currently the university’s vice president for research and directorof its Center for Advanced InformationProcessing.

He began his career in 1957 with BellLabs’ research department and workedon digital communications and net-worked systems. As director of infor-mation principles, he was responsiblefor departments conducting research indigital communications and networkedinformation systems. He also con-tributed to the development of signal-coding algorithms now widely used intelecommunications, voice-mail sys-tems, and automatic speech synthesisand recognition.

In another project, he also started adistributed collaborative conferencingsystem called HuMaNet. The systemuses speech-recognition software toallow conference-call participants to talkto one another via video and to controlfeatures of their computers, such as dataand image displays, with spoken commands to a speech recognizer. Thesystem allows workers assigned to thesame project but in different locationsto collaborate via a conference call andnetworked computers.

At Rutgers, Flanagan researched amultimodal interface to a computer forthe U.S. National Science Foundation.Resembling the work at Bell, the goal ofthis project is to allow colleagues at dif-ferent locations to interact via theircomputer screens. They would be ableto move files on the screen using voicecommands or by touch by means of aforce-feedback glove that senses jointand finger motion. Flanagan is work-ing to make those technologies morereliable. The interface also involvesimage-processing systems that track eyemovements and can determine wherea person’s gaze is directed, and thismight be applicable to interaction.

PROLIFIC AUTHOR Flanagan has publishedalmost 200 technical papers in scientificjournals, including the Bell System Techni-cal Journal, the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, and the Journal of theInstitute of Electronics, Information, andCommunication Engineers. He also wroteSpeech Analysis, Synthesis, and Perception(Springer-Verlag, 1972), a textbook forresearchers that is still in print after fiveprintings and two editions.

In 1986 he received the IEEE EdisonMedal “for a career of innovation andleadership in speech communication sci-ence and technology.” In 1996 he receivedthe U.S. National Medal of Science, thecountry’s highest scientific honor forindividuals “who are deserving of specialrecognition by reason of their outstand-ing contributions to knowledge in thephysical, biological, mathematical, orengineering sciences.”

He earned his bachelor’s degree fromMississippi State University and his master’s and doctoral degrees from theMassachusetts Institute of Technology inCambridge, all in electrical engineering.

The Medal of Honor, sponsored by theIEEE Foundation, is the institute’s highestaward. It will be presented to Flanagan atthe annual IEEE Honors Ceremony inJune, in Chantilly, Va. •

—Lindsay Elkins

Book from IEEE to Examine Electronic Voting IssuesTHE IEEE HAS PARTNERED with Vote-Here Inc., of Bellevue, Wash., to pub-lish a book explaining how technologycan enhance electronic voting.

VoteHere is a leading provider ofsecurity technology for electronic voting.The book, to be written by the com-pany’s founder and CEO, Jim Adler, willexplore the technologies behind elec-tronic voting, ballot verification, and voteauditing (better known as recounting).

Tentatively titled Where’s My Vote?A Framework for Securing the ElectronicBallot and Gaining Voter Confidence,the book is scheduled to be released inAugust by the IEEE Standards Infor-mation Network, which publishesbooks and products directly related tostandards. The IEEE is developing theIEEE P1583 Standard for the Evalua-tion of Voting Equipment. •

—Lindsay Elkins

—Lindsay Elkins

3p.news.lo 2/14/05 4:01 PM Page 4

THE INSTITUTE | MARCH 2005 5

MARKETPLACE OF IDEAS

Childhood DreamsI think every kid dreams of being an astro-naut; it’s as common as wanting to be afireman or cowboy. As I learned moreabout our universe through an engineer-ing physics class in college, I becamemore fascinated with space. I recently sawa program about the SpaceShipOne project[the first workable “space tourist” vehicle]on television, and it is amazing that asmall group of talented engineers could

pull off a project that took the U.S. gov-ernment thousands of people and count-less billions of dollars.

NOAH SCHMITZRoseville, Calif.

Sign Me UpGlobal space travel is a dream of mine,but why limit myself to this planet? Expe-riencing a new feeling—weightless-ness—would give me a better under-

standing of the world around and above me.The cost and safety of commercial

space travel worry me. Eventually, cost willno longer be a problem, and safety codeswill follow suit.

We went to the moon in the 1960s, andwe should have continued this work. Iwould love to see more independent com-panies traveling into space. Space-ShipOne’s success gives me a lot of hopefor the future.

KEVIN MIKAAustin, Texas

Future CustomerI’d absolutely go into space if cost wereno object. But that’s the point: cost is andalways will be an object for any com-modity in limited supply. Burt Rutan,founder of Scaled Composites, whichdeveloped SpaceShipOne, and his teamare trying to bring inexpensive spacetravel into the realm of an affordablevacation for most people. I salute theirefforts and hope to be one of their manycustomers in the not-too-distant future.

MICHAEL POLAKOWSKIDayton, Ohio

Not Worth the HassleNo, I wouldn’t go, but the reason might besurprising. I have confidence in the

SpaceShipOne engineers and wouldn’tworry about safety. I wouldn’t go becauseI think that the trip is too short for thehassle. I wouldn’t want to go outsideEarth’s atmosphere just to see the greatview for a few minutes and return. I’mgoing to wait another 20 years, until thereis a spacedock, a space station like theInternational Space Station, that I can goup to and stay for a night.

NICK FOWLERBrown Deer, Wis.

No QuestionI would definitely go. I grew up duringthe Space Age. I remember being ush-ered into the auditorium in grade schoolto watch the Mercury and Geminilaunches and landings on television. Istayed up late to watch astronaut NeilArmstrong step onto the moon. I waitedand hoped with everyone as the damagedApollo 13 managed to return to Earth.

I want to go into space. It is romantic,it is daring, and it is the chance to dosomething that only a handful have everdone before. The advent of SpaceShipOneand other vehicles now provides many likeme the chance to realize those child-hood—and adulthood—dreams.

ROBERT S. McGANNMechanicsville, Md.

Agog Over Blogs

RESPONSES TO DECEMBER’S QUESTION

LETTERS

Would You Be Willing to Travel to Space If Cost Were No Object?

Correcting the Piracy Problem “IEEE Urges Changes to Online PiracyBill” [December 2004, p. 1] says that “thecosts of…copyrightinfringement haveadded up to a stag-gering US $19 bil-lion worth of pur-loined work, accord-ing to U.S. enter-tainment industrygroups.” This analy-sis assumes thatevery person pirat-ing music wouldhave purchased acopy of a CD at fullretail price if he orshe didn’t obtainone illegally. If we assume, on the otherhand, that none of them would have pur-chased a copy, then the cost of piratedmusic is nothing. The truth is some-where in between. The entertainmentindustry groups brandish these largenumbers as a scare tactic.

MARK WALLACELake Forest, Calif.

The staggering figures of $19 billion worthof pirated music and 97 percent of music,movies, and games on the Internet

illegally traded thatwere provided by theRecording IndustryAssociation of Amer-ica and other enter-tainment lobbies areself-serving estimates.These groups are, infact, marketers whosesole purpose is to sellproduct. If you listen tothem, you wouldbelieve that the realpirates are the youth ofAmerica and the world.

While I’m surethere are many kids ripping, burning,and sharing files, the real threat to theentertainment industry’s livelihoodcomes from the organized pirates. Theseare the people who burn the entertain-ment industry’s megahits, package themin formats of their own, and then sellthem on street corners for half of whatyou would pay for them in a store.

Ten years ago, it was knockoff cassettemixes in Saudi Arabia or CDs in Korea.Today, I can find DVDs with movies forsale on the streets of New York City, thebeachfront boardwalks of Barcelona, orthe back room of a small store in Dubai.It isn’t kids who are producing thesepirated copies in massive quantities. It isorganized groups with access to softwareand hardware that normal, middle-class,American or European teenagers wouldnot even consider spending money on.The problem needs to be addressedthrough international cooperation.

EDWIN MARTINEZ IIStuttgart, Germany

More Complete GuidelinesThe IEEE plagiarism policy expressed in“How to Handle Plagiarism: New Guide-lines” [December 2004, p. 20] addressescopying or paraphrasing from publica-tions written by others without givingcredit. There should also be a clear state-ment about giving credit to others wheninformation was communicated to youbut not published, as when a paper wascirculated and reviewed for publication

but was rejected. Also, the policy shouldcover the crediting of e-mail communi-cations and material extracted from apublic Internet forum such as a Usenetnewsgroup posting.

ANDY GLEWHillsboro, Ore.

Accessible to EveryoneI agree that continuing education is themain attraction of the IEEE, as stated in“Members Rate IEEE’s Value” [December2004, p. 17], but I believe [the institute is]missing an opportunity.

Tutorials and lectures are readily acces-sible to members in the Boston area, butnot to those in central New Hampshireor other “remote” locations. It’s not feasi-ble for me to drive [160 kilometers] eachway to attend a tutorial at the end of theworkday. Why don’t you record the lec-tures, with question-and-answer sessions,and put them on CDs?

I believe you could reach a much widerportion of the members and increase theirperception of the IEEE’s value.

DAVE PRINCEBelknap, N.H.

RESPOND TO THIS QUESTION by e-mail or regular

mail. Space may not permit publication of all responses, but we’ll

try to draw a representative sample. Suggestions for questions

are welcome. Your answers will appear in the June issue

of The Institute and are subject to editing for brevity.

More and more people claim they get theirnews from the estimated 4 million Weblogs, or blogs. Do you read blogs? Why?

MAIL: The Institute, IEEE Operations Center

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6 THE INSTITUTE | MARCH 2005

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The

PRESIDENT’S COLUMN BY CLEON ANDERSON

I LISTENED, AND I JOINED the IEEEin 1970 as a student member. I have triedto repay this professor for his good wordsby advising all the talented engineeringstudents I meet to do the same thing.

My years of membership have helpedme fulfill many of my personal and pro-fessional needs, and have enabled me toenjoy a successful career. My member-ship also helped me develop a perspectiveon how to find career stability.

Any discussion about ensuring a stableengineering career starts with analyzingwhat we do. Engineers solve real problemsbut, to paraphrase aerospace pioneerTheodore von Karman, we also developsolutions to problems that never were—thatis, they were not yet identified as problems.It is the creative process involved in solvingproblems that drives and satisfies us.

But, there is a downside to this profes-sion: as engineers and technologists, weare always working ourselves out of a job.After all, there is little future in solving thesame problem twice. The good news, how-ever, is that there is a seemingly endlesssupply of problems to solve. Indeed, just100 years ago, some people predicted theU.S. Patent Office would soon close be-

cause all of the world’s significant inven-tions had already been made! Of course,the fallacy of this notion is now clear. Infact, the U.S. Patent & Trademark Officereports that from 1980 to 2003, its rateof new patent filings tripled, from113 000 to 367 000 a year.

Given the problem-solvingnature of our work, the engi-neering profession has beenremarkably stable during thepast century. And despite ongo-ing changes and fluctuationsin our global economicenvironment,

great opportunities lie ahead for the engi-neering student who plans his or hercareer properly. Interestingly, many of thesame principles we apply to solving con-trol-systems engineering problems—suchas the analysis of phase and gain ele-ments—can also be applied to developingan effective career plan.

Managing Your Career Broadly speaking,an engineering career can be broken into

four phases: the yearsbetween ages 20 and 30

are for basic learning,and between 30 and40 you prove your-self and sharpenyour skills. From

40 to 50 may bethe best time to

be entrepreneurialand strike out on your

own, and from 50 to 60

you can consolidate your gains into an earlyretirement. But if you’re lucky, you won’tever want to retire. It is critical to avoid get-ting 180 degrees out of phase with yourcareer, especially where any gain is left inthe system.

The essential gain elements in an engi-neering career are education, experience,and access to knowledge. Other gain ele-ments are a person’s sponsors, advocates,counselors, mentors, and confidants. Allare vital, but the network of people you cre-ate, shape, and maintain will assign thesecritical elements with appropriate amplifi-cation to either the forward or the feedbackpaths that will ensure career stability.

Creating a stable career also requiresthat you identify the elements in your“SWOT” list—your strengths, weaknesses,opportunities, and threats. With the list asyour guide, use your strengths (S) to con-tribute to the vitality of your network; workto minimize your weaknesses (W); exploitthe network to uncover new opportunities(O); and stay ahead of possible threats (T).

Finally, maximize your career poten-tial by investing your time as an IEEEvolunteer. Volunteers learn professionaland people skills not found in the class-room. Volunteers also have access topeople with specialized knowledge andto leaders at all levels of the profession.Volunteering your time and abilities inthe IEEE will nurture a successful engi-neering career and help move you closerto the cutting edge of your professionaland technical disciplines. •

Some of the best career advice I ever received

was what one of my professors said to me: “To

be successful in electrical engineering, you

must be a member of the IEEE.”

Ensuring Stability in an Engineering Career

3p.prescolumn.lo 2/7/05 5:39 PM Page 6

Derek AbbotMark Gerard AdamiakAbdol-Hamid AghvamiDoyeol AhnRobert Thomas Harold AldenJeremy E. AllnutPemmaraju V. Ananda MohanMinoru AsadaKoichi AsataniRichard Hans George BamlerSupriyo BandyopadhyayFilbert J. BartoliWilliam Gerard BathHenri Marius BaudrandPeter H. BauerRobert Christopher BaumannGregory L. BelenkyRonnie Jozef-Maria BelmansReinaldo Alvarenga

BergamaschiGiorgio BertottiDines BjornerRick S. BlumMathias H. BollenDuane S. BoningStanley R. BookerWilliam D. BrownJeff D. BudeRobert J. BurkholderGiuseppe CaireJoseph Paul CampbellRoy H. CampbellJohn Millar CarrollFrancky CatthoorGee-Kung ChangeRobert S. ChauChang Wen ChenYung-Chang ChenWu ChouAlok Nidhi ChoudharyM. Reha CivanlarJohn W. ClarkEdmund Melson ClarkeMark A. ClementsDavid John ComerGiuseppe ConciauroThomas M. ConteKent Ritter DaveyMark Edward DavisManfred Deistler

Steven P. DenBaarsLi DengJanusz Andrzej DobrowolskiGary Lee DonnerNicholas Geoffrey Duffield Denis L. DufournetYoshizumi EtoRomano Pietro FantacciJeanne FerranteJan Abraham FerreiraTerri S. FiezClifton G. FonstadJohn Charles FothergillRandall K. FrankSteven FrankeLeopoldo Garcia FranqueloWilliam Robert FrensleyDouglass Robert FreyMasaharu FujitaShinta FukuiStephen Byram FurberMarco GilliGary Gene GimmestadIzzet Cem GoknarKenneth Yigael GoldbergAndrea J. GoldsmithAntonio Gomez-ExpositoRodney Michael GoodmanGuido V. GroesenekenRobert N. GuentherJoseph Raymond GuerciS. Mark HalpinHerbert Michael HarrisKen-ya HashimotoGlenn Edward HealeyGeorge L. HeiterG. Benjamin HockerYoichi HoriPaul K. HouptJie HuangMichael N. HuhnsJames Albert HutchbyNobutake ImamuraHiroaki InoueKoichiro IshibashiTadao IshibashiMohammed Nazul lslamKoichi ItoNicholas JenkinsNoble M. Johnson

Michaell JordanJing-Yang JouPavel J.D. KabosMohamed KamelInnocent KamwaIoannis KanellakopoulosJeffrey A. KashMarian Kazimierz KazimierczukRodney A. KennedyThomas Scott KeyWillis K. KingRobert Dean KingRodney Lynn KirlinNobuhiko KitawakiJorma Kaleivi KivilahtiGeza KolumbanBranko M. KolundzijaJames Joseph KomiakMichael D. KotzinVikram KrishnamurthyRudolf KruseTsuneo KumeFadi Joseph KurdahiJohn Arnold KustersMasaaki KuzuharaRonald KwokShu T. LaiTV LakshmanIrena LasieckaJoy LaskarWilliam Marshall LeachJin-Fa LeeBeom Hee LeeKok-Meng LeeTony Tong LeeDomine LeenaertsHanoch Lev-AriLe-Wei Joshua LiJian LiErik LierChin-Teng LinIrvin Raymond LindemuthBruce Gilbert LindsayDerong LiuQing Huo LiuWilliam Peter LoftusRonald LumiaJames Francis LynchAnthony A. MaciejewskiUpamanyu MadhowElham B. MakramStephane George MallatStefanos ManiasBangalore S. ManjunathYitzhak MaronKenichi MaseLloyd Wilson MassengillJoseph R. Mautz

Kartikeya MayaramJanina El-Bieta MazierskaRavi Rasendra MazumdarAlan V. McCreeWilliam Malcolm McDermidNicholas William McKeownDeirdre R. MeldrumJohn MelngailisJerry MeyerJames H. MichelsAkira MizunoAndreas F. MolischHisayo Sasaki MomoseJaekyun (Jae) MoonLuis MoranManfred MorariMehrdad M. MoslehiJames Randal MoulicLaurence W. NagelRobert Everest NewnhamCam NguyenTruong Quang NguyenPaul NikolichDorothee Normand-CyrotThomas NovakMohammed S. ObaidatHidehito ObayashiYutaka OhmoriShingo OhmoriShinji OkazakiFrank Greta OlyslagerGeoffrey Charles OrsakMari OstendorfJorn OstermannNikhil Ranjn-PalFang Zheng PengHoang PhamRosalind Wright PicardDaniel J. PikePragasen PillayJohn Anderson PlumerGregory Joseph PottieDemetri PsaltisKadangodek K. RamakrishnanKannan RamchandranManijeh RazeghiJeffrey Hugh ReedDaniel A. ReedJohan H.C. ReiberAmy Ruth ReibmanKurt R. RichterMark Stephen RodderThomas D. RossingEdward Joseph RothwellChristian RouxLeszek RutkowskiAhmad SafariHiroshi Saito

Septimiu (Tim) EdmundSalcudean

Tariq SamadEnrico James SangiorgiMarcus Theodore SchillingStanley O. SchriberVagan V. ShakhguildianYung-Qing ShiPhillip Miles SmithAleksander M. StankovicBruce Paul StraussCharles E. StroudBjarne StroustrupTangali S. SudarshanRichard SzeliskiTatsuro TakahashiHidehiko TanakaFred James TaylorShoji TominagaLang TongLjiljana TrajkovicBenjamind M.W. TsuiYonhua TzengJavier UcedaThierry Henri Van CutsemAlle-Jan Van der VeenJuzer M. VasiSophie V. Verdonckt-

VandebroekAdrianus Johannes VinckChandu VisweswariahConstantine (Costas) D.

VournasReigh Allen WallingLois D. WalshRen Hong WangJames WardKevin John WebbPaul J. WerbosDouglas H. WernerPaul B. WeslingIan Hugh WhiteFrans M.J. WillemsAlbert J. WilliamsWalter WillingerPerry Falknor WilsonJason Chik-Shun WooThomas H. WoodJinshown WuDonald Coolidge WunschWilsun XuKazuo YanoJunku YuhXiaoping YunZhengyou ZhangXunyu Zhou

This year, a new Fellow category went into

effect that was created specifically for

IEEE members working in industry. The

application engineer/practitioner category

applies to those who work in areas such

as process or production engineering,

quality control, or systems integration.

Nominees in this new category, as in

the three other Fellow categories—research

engineer/scientist, technical leader, and

educator—are evaluated primarily on the

basis of achievements that are of signifi-

cant value to society. Nominees must also

be senior members. The IEEE Board of

Directors can name as Fellows no more

than 0.1 percent of the voting membership

as of the end of the preceding year.

The board approved the new category

in June 2003 in response to suggestions

made by a task force appointed by Michael

Adler, then president.

AWARDS

THE INSTITUTE | MARCH 2005 7

IEEE Fellows of The Class of 2005AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE IEEE’s mission is to recognizethe professional achievements of its members. The institute’shighest honor is the rank of IEEE Fellow, bestowed to memberswho have contributed “to the advancement or application of engi-neering, science, and technology.” For 2005, the IEEE Board ofDirectors named 268 new IEEE Fellows.

FELLOWS IN A NEW CATEGORY

3p.featurefellows.lo 2/7/05 3:46 PM Page 7

BY GLENN ZORPETTE

HE 16-YEAR-OLD SOUTHKorean schoolboy looked up atthe chalkboard as his teacherwrote out the words of a U.S.Army general who had been

reporting back to the Pentagon on Korea’sprospects in the decade following WorldWar II. “Korea can never attain a highstandard of living,” the teacher wrote.“There are virtually no Koreans with thetechnical training and experience requiredto take advantage of Korea’s resources andeffect an improvement over its presentrice-economy status.”

The year was 1951. The words so influ-enced the boy, Jung Uck Seo, that he nowcarries them in his laptop computer (aSamsung, made in South Korea) wher-ever he goes.

South Korea, of course, would risefrom the even greater devastation ofKorea’s civil war to become the mostdazzling industrial success story of thepast decade. And that schoolboy wouldbecome an IEEE Fellow and IEEERegion 10 (Asia & Pacific) director andplay a pivotal role in South Korea’s tech-nological development, overseeing thedesign and installation of telephone andcellular networks that helped lay thefoundation for the country’s rise inbroadband communications—a linch-pin of the nation’s success.

FROM PIG BRISTLES TO HIGH TECH Sittingin a restaurant high above Seoul’s fash-ionable World Trade Center district inOctober, Seo, whose term as region direc-tor ended in December, reflected on hiscountry’s economic rise, his remarkablecareer, and his new duties as chairman ofthe IEEE’s Transnational Committee.With a grin and a practiced air, he reciteda few poignant economic statistics: in1961, South Korea exports totaled US $41 million, mostly pig bristles andcuttlefish. As 2004 came to a close, thecountry was on track to export $240 billionworth of goods, led by semiconductorsand automobiles. Not only is South Koreahome to Samsung, the world’s larg-

est maker of dynamic random-access-memory chips, the country also boasts theworld’s greatest penetration of broadbandInternet, with an estimated 23 subscrip-tions for every 100 inhabitants.

South Korea’s rise is even moreremarkable when taking into account thedevastating effects of the 1950–1953 civilwar. In the early 1950s, Seo notes, SouthKorea did not have electricity, because theNorth, which controlled the country’s

hydroelectric generating plants, severedconnections to the South.

Seo still recalls the sunny, muggymorning of 25 June 1950, when civil warerupted. His family lived near the oldking’s palace in central Seoul in a classicKorean house that broke from traditionby adorning the thatched roof with radioantennas—put up at significant expensefor the benefit of young Seo, who lovedamateur radio. He heard artillery fire in

the hills around the city, but he didn’t payit much attention, assuming it was justmilitary units conducting field exercises,as they had been off and on since thedivision of the country after World War II.

But the high-school freshman knewsomething was up later that day, when heheard on his radio that all Korean troopswere being called to their bases. NorthKorean troops were invading, and the warthat would devastate so much of the coun-try had begun.

ACCEPTING THE CHALLENGE Seo and hisfamily fled to the city of Busan (Pusan) onthe peninsula’s southeast coast, where hecontinued his studies and graduated highschool in 1953. By then, the words of thatU.S. Army general had inspired him tochoose a career. “I decided, ‘What thiscountry needs is engineers,’” he recallsthinking. “My grandfather was so disap-pointed,” Seo confides with a laugh, explain-ing that he came from a family of doctors,lawyers, and educators.

After receiving a bachelor’s degree inelectrical engineering from Seoul NationalUniversity in 1957, he taught electronicscourses in the Korean Air Force Acad-emy—which led to a U.S. Air Force schol-arship to study at Texas A&M Universityin College Station. There he earned amaster’s, specializing in radio wave prop-agation. After another working stint inKorea, he returned to A&M in 1965 andearned a Ph.D. in microwave antennasand propagation in 1969.

During the next 13 years, Seo held aseries of military research and develop-ment positions in Korea, as a civilian. Inthe early 1970s, he dazzled his superi-ors—and even the South Korean presi-dent, Park Chung Hee—by designing arugged, transistorized military radio thatcould do essentially everything that anadvanced U.S. Special Forces radio coulddo, but at 10 percent of the cost. Remark-ably, he needed just four months to gofrom conception to working prototype forthe radio, known as the KPRC-6. For thatand other contributions to the Koreandefense industry, Seo was elected an IEEEFellow in 1982.

T

MEMBER PROFILE

Distinguished Career ParallelsSouth Korea’s Revival

IEEE Fellow Jung Uck Seo, chair of theTransnational Committee and former Region 10

director, aims to boost the IEEE’s stature innations, such as China, that are using

technology as a cornerstone of development.

8 THE INSTITUTE | MARCH 2005

3p.profileSeo.lo 2/7/05 4:12 PM Page 8

THE INSTITUTE | MARCH 2005 9

In 1984, he jumped to the commercialsector, accepting a position at Korea Telecomas vice president of R&D and heading up aproject to digitize the entire South Koreantelephone system. When it was over, Seoswitched sectors yet again, serving as theSouth Korean government’s vice ministerfor science and technology in the early 1990s.

Seo went back to telephony in 1993,presiding over another nationwide initia-tive, this time at Korea Mobile Telecom,the forerunner of the wireless giant nowknown as SK Telecom. There he oversawinstallation of the world’s first large com-mercial cellular telephony system based oncode-division multiple access, a wirelesstechnology pioneered some years beforeby Qualcomm of San Diego.

Today, as chairman of the e-trade pro-motion committee of the KoreanInternational Trade Association, Seo con-centrates on the use of technology, such as

radio-frequency identification chips andelectronic transactions, to reduce the paper-work and bureaucracy involved in theimport and export of products throughSouth Korea’s bustling ports.

The one constant in Jung Uck Seo’srésumé is his willingness to take on bigchallenges. As head of the IEEE’s Trans-national Committee, he will concentrateon bolstering the institute’s stature innations, such as China, that use technologyas a cornerstone of development. NorthKorea, with its totalitarian government,closed society, lack of convertible currency,and limited resources, remains a more dif-ficult challenge. But Seo notes that he hasseen references to IEEE publications inNorth Korean technical journals since the1970s, although he is not sure how the pub-lications are getting into the country.

He’s keenly aware that when promotingthe IEEE outside of North America, his

main competition comes from countlesscountry-specific and local engineeringorganizations scattered over the world. Asfar as Seo’s concerned, there’s no contest.

“To be a good knowledge manager youhave to handle your colleagues or students

right,” he argues. “How to manage ameeting, how to make a good impres-sion—those are the experiences that comefrom the volunteerism of the IEEE. Theexperiences in a local engineering organ-ization are not enough.” •

The one constant in Seo’s résumé is his WILLINGNESS TO TAKE ON big challenges

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Region 10, which covers countries in Asia and the Pacific—including South Korea—is

now the largest IEEE region, ending 2004 with 61 136 members, 17 percent of the

total IEEE membership.

Here’s how the other regions ended the year in terms of membership:

IEEE Regions by the Numbers

60 991 Region 6 (Western U.S.)

52 037 Region 8 (Europe, Middle

East, and Africa)

39 628 Region 1 (Northeastern U.S.)

33 843 Region 2 (Eastern U.S.)

30 425 Region 3 (Southeastern U.S.)

29 906 Region 5 (Southwestern U.S.)

24 549 Region 4 (Central U.S.)

14 898 Region 7 (Canada)

11 808 Region 9 (Latin America)

3p.profileSeo.lo 2/7/05 5:45 PM Page 9

HAT YOU CAN achieveoften depends on theknowledge you canaccess. Although onlineaccess to the latest re-search journals makes get-

ting information easier, it’s not alwaysaffordable, especially for start-ups andsmall companies.

Enter IEEE Enterprise, a new onlinesubscription plan that gives companiesinstant desktop access, on a limited basis,to more than a million articles and papersfrom IEEE magazines, journals, transac-tions, and conference proceedings. Thisamounts to nearly one-third of the world’scurrent literature in electrical engineer-ing, electronics, and computer science.

HAVE IT YOUR WAY Companies subscrib-ing to IEEE Enterprise [see home page atright] can search the entire IEEE libraryand then download only the articles theyneed. Subscribers can choose 350 arti-cles for a one-time payment of US $5000,800 articles for $10 000, or 1750 articlesfor $17 500.

With the three access levels, IEEEEnterprise is reaching “small and midsizecompanies around the world that can’tafford our larger offerings but [whoseemployees] still need the information,”says Jonathan Dahl, staff director of IEEESales and Marketing, in Piscataway, N.J.The price for the IEEE/IEE ElectronicLibrary (IEL), which contains every mag-azine, journal, and conference article pub-lished by the IEEE, plus all current IEEEstandards, starts at $105 995.

Every subscription level to IEEEEnterprise is provided through the sameIEEE Xplore electronic delivery systemthat powers other IEEE online collec-tions. “It’s all designed to give sub-scribers the chance to see the latest peer-reviewed scientific information that thebig companies get,” Dahl says. “Youreceive the same information that thelargest R&D centers in the world get, andyou can have it in a way that you canafford, in bite-size pieces.”

Online papers can be downloadedinstantly and are stored in a shared elec-tronic file cabinet. The subscriber’s

employees retain access to the cabinetfor the duration of the subscription. Theemployees then have access to the arti-cles for 60 additional days, at which timethe subscription must be renewed. Theplan makes IEEE Enterprise ideal forwork groups that need to share researchmaterials applicable to current projects.

The flexible access can generate con-siderable benefits for smaller companies.“This [IEEE Enterprise] is awesome for acompany our size,” IEEE Member MattFelder says. Felder is a senior analogdesigner at SigmaTel Inc., an Austin,Texas–based semiconductor companythat makes mixed-signal integrated cir-cuits for computers and portable MP3audio players. The 250-person companyused to reimburse its employees for theirpersonal subscriptions to the IEEE Mem-ber Digital Library, which allows individ-uals to download 25 articles per monthfor a monthly fee of $35.

“I’ve done lots of literature searches inthe past using my personal digital library

access,” Felder says, “but it’s easier tohave a company-wide subscription.” Indi-vidual subscriptions to the IEEE MemberDigital Library were difficult for the com-pany’s accounting department to keeptrack of, he explains, with each employeepaying the monthly fee and then chargingit back to SigmaTel. Not only is theaccounting less complicated now, but thesingle IEEE Enterprise subscription forthe entire company costs less overall,Felder says.

Previously, he says, through the indi-vidual member subscriptions, the samepapers might have been purchased mul-tiple times by different engineers. Now,with the shared file cabinet, they all canuse the same documents for only a singlefee. And anyone who likes to browse “candiscover articles that other people in thecompany found valuable,” Felder adds.

NONTRADITIONAL USERS Small and mid-size companies in electrical engineeringand computing aren’t the only ones taking

advantage of IEEE Enterprise. Accordingto Dahl, the package is also a good choicefor many consultants and nontraditionalusers, including lawyers and patentsearchers. These users may find it espe-cially helpful, since patent references cit-ing research in IEEE papers haveincreased 267 percent in the last decade.

Even large corporations are choosingIEEE Enterprise for their research needs.Current subscribers include departmentswithin large automotive and consumerproducts companies. Dahl notes that thesecompanies take advantage of the low-cost,limited subscriptions to assess howexpanded access to the IEEE library mightbenefit their business.

“IEEE Enterprise provides a way for alarger company to take the IEEE libraryout for a test drive before it trades up tothe full IEL package,” Dahl says.

To sign up for a 14-day trial withunlimited searching capabilities and 10 free article downloads, visit http://www.ieee.org/enterprise. •

PRODUCTS & SERVICES

10 THE INSTITUTE | MARCH 2005

W

Publications Library Plan Targets Small Companies BY PAT JANOWSKI

3p.Products.lo 2/7/05 3:47 PM Page 10

BY WILLIAM LEVENTON

THIS YEAR’S NATIONAL Engi-neers Week in Februarymarked the fourth anniversaryof an IEEE outreach effortdesigned to boost the quality of

technical education in precollege class-rooms. Launched in 2001 by IEEE Educa-tional Activities, the Teacher In-Service Pro-gram offers educators lessons on a varietyof technical subjects, such as motors,switches, circuits, and simple machines.

As the name of the program suggests,the subjects are taught during so-called“in-service” days that are regularly setaside for teachers to take part in continu-ing education activities. In the last fouryears, IEEE volunteers, many of whomlearned the subjects as undergraduates,made 29 presentations to 568 precollegeteachers in nine U.S. states and SouthAfrica, according to Douglas Gorham, theIEEE’s director of educational outreach.

Members participating in the programcome from 14 IEEE sections. Most active inthe effort are members from the FloridaWest Coast Section (FWCS), where a pilotprogram was launched in February 2001.IEEE volunteers there have made presen-tations to classroom-size groups of about30 elementary, middle, and high schoolteachers, says IEEE Member Ralph Painter.He has been involved in the program sinceits inception.

According to Painter, the presentationscover a minimum of technical theory.Instead, the emphasis is on a hands-onactivity related to a technical subject. Thesubjects are aligned with state educationstandards and the requirements of localschool districts. Painter has gotten subjectsfrom textbooks, teacher feedback, and high-school physics laboratories. Members look-ing for topics can also turn to the IEEE Edu-cational Activities Web site, where they canfind 15 lesson plans based on past in-servicepresentations. The plans cover topics suchas circuit design, equilibrium concepts, androbotics and they are available in Englishand Spanish. The lessons also includeteaching summaries and project worksheetsfor students.

The IEEE volunteers provide the mate-rials and then help the teachers as theywork their way through an activity. “Bywalking them through a project, we get theteachers to the point where they feel com-fortable enough to present it on their own,”

Painter explains. The idea is for the teach-ers to return to their schools and lead thesame activity in their classrooms.

Although a single volunteer can pre-side over a session, Painter recommendsthree or four. With several volunteers on

hand, one can present the informationwhile the others walk around the roomhelping teachers who are having difficulty.

For the best results, Painter advises vol-unteers to develop hands-on activities basedon topics they deal with on the job. “Whenyou take something you’re working on andbring it down to a high school level, I thinkit comes across much better because you’respeaking from firsthand experience,” hesays. Dealing with a familiar topic also helpspresenters overcome their own shyness infront of an audience, he adds.

COLLABORATIONS Teachers leave in-servicesessions with more than just a little tech-nical knowledge. “They always get some-thing to take with them—a lesson plan orsome other printed material,” notes DougWagner, who has attended many in-servicesessions for teachers in Florida’s ManateeCounty school district. “The main thingthat attracts teachers to workshops is know-ing they’re going to leave with somethingthey can give their kids,” says Wagner, thedirector of adult, career, and technical edu-cation in his district.

Ideally, teachers will also leave with agreater understanding of engineers and

their careers, Painter says. This under-standing is often gained when teachers andengineers chat during breaks and other“downtime” periods during the sessions.By passing on information about theiroccupations, Painter and his colleagues ful-

fill another objective of the Teacher In-Ser-vice Program: to increase the likelihood thatteachers will introduce their students to theengineering profession.

With a focus on local school districts,the program tries to encourage long-lastingcollaborations among local engineers andeducators. This type of collaborative rela-tionship has developed in the FWCS,according to Wagner. “If we want trainingon a particular topic, we’ll tell [IEEE vol-unteers] about it, and they’ll try to set up atraining session for us,” he says.

In other cases, the IEEE decides onthe subject of a session, which drawsteachers interested in that topic. For exam-ple, Wagner says, the IEEE section in hisarea once arranged for teachers to tour alocal power plant. After the tour, engi-neers gave a talk on electric power, andthey distributed instructional materials.

Then, back in the classroom, teacherswho were on the tour passed their knowl-edge on to their students, and evenassigned them the task of determininghow much power was used in theirhomes during a certain period of time.Data was recorded on worksheets thathad to be signed by parents, who them-

selves learned lessons about power con-sumption and its cost. “The studentsloved it because they were teaching theirparents something,” Wagner reports.

In Hillsborough County, Fla., Painterworked with Nancy Johnson Marsh, theschool district’s supervisor of secondaryscience, to schedule workshops for localscience teachers. In a workshop Marshcites as particularly effective, IEEE volun-teers showed teachers how to make a spec-troscope, an optical instrument used forstudying the characteristic wavelengthsgiven off by different molecules, and dis-tributed materials that students could useto make the device themselves.

“Not only did they give teachers theplan of what to do, but also the means to doit with,” Marsh says.

IEEE workshops would be even moreeffective if teachers knew more about howthe concepts they teach are applied in the realworld, according to Marsh. She also wouldlike to see workshop topics such as the spec-troscope tied to actual technical careers whenthe activity is presented to students.

A long way from Florida, Nico Beuteand an IEEE colleague have held sessionswith about 100 precollege teachers in theIEEE South Africa Section. They travel toschools on a bus outfitted with interactivetechnical exhibits dealing with subjectssuch as energy-efficient lighting. TheIEEE volunteers also leave behind instruc-tional materials and descriptions of exper-iments that teachers can use in their class-rooms, says Beute, dean of the engi-neering faculty at the Cape Peninsula Uni-versity of Technology in Cape Town.

POSITIVE FEEDBACK Most teachers whohave attended an in-service sessionfound the experience worthwhile, accor-ing to responses to a program question-naire. More than 95 percent of respon-dents said the program added to theirtechnical knowledge, and more than 90percent said they plan to use informa-tion from the program in their class-room instruction.

Those results are consistent with thefeedback Painter has received over theyears. After a session, teachers are usuallyenthusiastic, he says. “Generally,” hereports, “they say they’ll use the materialin the classroom right away. And they usu-ally ask for more sessions.” •

FEATURE

THE INSTITUTE | MARCH 2005 11

Teaching Teachers Technology

FOR MORE INFORMATION about the Teacher In-Service Program, visit http://www.ieee.org/education/precollege/tispt

Teachers from HillsboroughCounty schools near Tampa, Fla.,assemble a spectroscope kit.

3p.educationinservice.lo 2/7/05 3:49 PM Page 11

demonstrations on the use of RFID to keep trackof shipments along the supply chain. However,the design of the tags is still a work in progress,and RFID will be the topic of papers presentedat several IEEE conferences this year, includingones sponsored by the IEEE Antennas and Prop-agation, Communications, and Microwave The-ory and Techniques societies.

In supply-chain applications, RFID tags, andthe infrastructure that goes with them, track prod-ucts on their journey from manufacture to sale.The system does the job of bar-code readers andmore. Each tag holds a microchip surrounded bya printed antenna and protected between lami-nates that can be pasted, like a label, to a “host” [seephotos, right]. The chip holds data in its memorythat can identify a manufacturer, a particular prod-uct model, and an individual product.

Tags can be read at a distance thanks to a RFsignal emitted by a scanner, or reader, placed at var-ious points along the supply chain. Radio wavesfrom the scanners hit the tags with enough powerfor the tags to retransmit their data back to thescanners. Thus, the path of a tag—and a prod-uct—can be traced to its destination.

In addition, many tags can be read at the sametime by a single scanner, which speeds up theoverall reading process. Applied in retail stores,RFID systems could tell managers which productsare selling well, thereby helping them keep shelvesstocked. Such benefits have sold the technology tolarge retailers, including Wal-Mart Stores Inc.,based in Bentonville, Ark., which mandated that itstop 100 suppliers tag delivery pallets beginning inJanuary. Individual products will come later.

For now, the cost of the tags remains highso that RFID systems are being tested on pal-lets and cartons holding products shipped bymanufacturers to distributors and then on toretailers’ shipping docks.

During the next five years, the program could expandto encompass virtually every product that enters a Wal-Mart store, according to Tony Sabetti, retail supply-chaindirector for RFID systems at Texas Instruments Inc., inDallas, one of the largest manufacturers of RFID tagsand readers. Wal-Mart is only one of many retail com-panies considering RFID systems. For example, Ger-man giant Metro and United Kingdom-based Tesco,have begun to add RFID systems to their supply chains.

Sabetti, keynote speaker at the 2004 IEEE EmergingTechnologies Conference held in October by the IEEEDallas Section, described TI’s growing business in supply-chain RFID. He notes that some analysts predict that someseven billion supply-chain tags will be sold in 2008.

For tags eventually to be attached to every item sold,they must be cheap. So TI’s primary focus is on reducing thecost of RFID chips and materials. Today, tags sell for 20 centsto 50 cents apiece, but Sabetti expects the price to dropeventually to less than 10 cents, thanks to the lower costsanticipated once the tags are made in very high volume.

In some supply chains, more than tracking is involved.TI’s RFID devices are being tried to see if they can reducecounterfeiting of products such as prescription drugs.Recently, that market got a boost when the U.S. Food andDrug Administration and several major pharmaceutical

companies announced an initiative to fight counterfeitingwith RFID tags on shipments of drugs. The tags will holdencoded identification data that is almost impossible tocopy. And a tag from VeriChip Corp., Delray Beach, Fla.,holds a unique ID code in a system that allows a doctor tocall up a patient’s medical history [see photo, p. 1].

LOW- AND HIGH-END USES The IEEE also has been cov-ering RFID developments in its publications. In theApril–June 2003 issue of IEEE Pervasive Computing maga-zine, for example, applications editor Vincent Stanford, anIEEE member, pointed out that RFID tags come in low- andhigh-end versions. Low-end “passive” tags lack their ownpower source, so they must be activated by the RF signalsent by readers. More expensive, and more capable, high-end “active” tags include batteries and other extra features.

High-end tags figure in Stanford’s own work as man-ager of the Smart Space project for the U.S. National Insti-tute of Standards & Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg,Md. In the NIST Smart Space Laboratory, small and unob-trusively placed computers and sensors pervade the envi-ronment. The project’s purpose, which is in an early stageof development, is to help people work more efficiently byproviding greater and easier access to information.

For example, people and objects in the Smart SpaceLaboratory can be located automatically via high-end

tags attached to them, Stanford says. Theseself-powered tags have greater range than pas-sive tags, so there’s no need for a tightly spacedgrid of sensors in the room. A tag can alsostore and transmit personal identification andpreference profiles. Thus, Stanford notes,“hands-free” services, such as a speech-recog-nition system trained for a particular individ-ual, could automatically be activated when ascanner reads the person’s tag as he or sheenters the Smart Space.

Other IEEE members are also busy withRFID-related projects. Raj Bridgelall, for exam-ple, is working on sophisticated supply-chainnetworks that include RFID tags and sensors.These networks yield data on the temperature,humidity, vibration, and other conditions thatproducts encounter along the supply chain,explains Bridgelall, vice president of corporateresearch and development at Alien TechnologyCorp. in Morgan Hill, Calif.

Naturally, RFID hardware needs software to doits job. Developing such software is the businessof OAT Systems Inc., a company in Waltham,Mass., cofounded by IEEE Member Karl Wald-man. The firm’s Foundation Suite software pack-age helps to deploy and manage RFID networksspread out in many different locations. It alsohelps capture and transform the RFID data intoinformation tailored for store managers, for inven-tory control, and to identify hot-selling products.

As OAT’s vice president of professionalservices and support, Waldman helps cus-tomers deploy the company’s software. Britishretailer Tesco recently announced plans to useOAT software in an RFID network spanningfacilities in more than 2000 locations. OAT andTesco are also working with other organiza-tions on standards for supply-chain RFID sys-

tems, Waldman reports.RFID companies must deal with clients’ concerns

about the technology. For example, some worry aboutthe security of the data in the systems. To foil so-called“rogue readers,” Bridgelall’s firm is working on a device-authentication system to prevent a “rogue” reader fromaccessing a tag. Readers would need security codes toallow them to be recognized as part of a given network.

PRIVACY PROTECTION Privacy advocates fret that tagsattached to merchandise could be used to gather data onbuyers at the point of sale—and even after they have leftthe store. So among other solutions, OAT and others aredeveloping technology that allows retailers to “kill” a tagwhen its work is finished. “If you bought a DVD andwalked out of the store, the tag would be killed at thatpoint,” Waldman explains.

Sabetti says TI is happy to provide tag-disabling fea-tures. He believes, though, that growing fears about privacy-invading RFID devices can be attributed in part to moviesabout make-believe technological marvels gathering data onunsuspecting characters. In reality, he says, RFID technol-ogy “is not that sophisticated, and it’s easily disabled.”

How easily? As Sabetti put it, “The RFID manager atWal-Mart says that every home has an RFID-disabling mechanism: it’s called a pair of scissors.” •

RFID TAGS from page 1

12 THE INSTITUTE | MARCH 2005

Relying on a scanner that reads the RFID label on each product, a storemanager at a Metro “future store” will be able to tell quickly what’s on hisshelves and what’s been sold.

A rectangular antenna is the most visible element on Tag-it Inlays, RFIDtransponders from Texas Instruments. Ultrathin but with a chip holdingread/write memory, the tags fit between laminated paper or plastic tocreate stickers, labels, tickets, and badges.

3p.coverfeatures.lo 2/7/05 4:39 PM Page 12

Board (PSPB) is undertaking a strategicanalysis of the publishing options open tothe organization. Vig urges the IEEE toexperiment now, “when we have the lux-ury of income from subscriptions and canafford to,” rather than being forced into itfrom the outside by congressional legisla-tion or other events.

Michael Lightner, IEEE’s 2004 VicePresident of Publication Services andProducts and an electrical engineeringprofessor at the University of Colorado inBoulder, says open access is a revolu-tionary principle. He likens the move-ment to the once-revolutionary early19th-century movements for free publiclibraries (in contrast to private mercantilelibraries, which made books availableonly to users who paid an annual mem-bership fee). But public libraries are notfree, Lightner points out. Today, publiclibraries are financed by property taxes orother levies exacted from all local resi-dents, regardless of whether they or theirchildren use the facilities.

He explains that open access is a philo-sophical movement with two premises.“One premise is that the information envi-ronment of the Internet is leading peopleto expect to get all information online forfree,” he says. “The other premise—so farlimited to scholarly publications—is thatsince much of scientific, technical, andmedical research is funded by taxpayers’dollars, why should taxpayers have to paya second time to access the results?”

WHO PAYS? And therein lies the rub forthe IEEE—indeed, for any professionalorganization contemplating moving fromsubscription journals to free open access.Producing a journal—sending manu-scripts out for peer review, editing them,formatting text and artwork, and proof-reading them—costs time and money. Sodoes maintaining enormous online serversto provide access. Many publishers ask,“How can you pay for operating expensesif you give away the journal for free?”Clearly, the business model for any open-access publication is critical.

“Open access sounds like an altruisticsocial movement, but it’s really an alterna-tive business model,” says Anthony Dur-niak, staff executive for IEEE Publications,the area that oversees much of the organi-zation’s publishing activities. “The discus-sions among advocates of various modelsbecome emotional, and overlook facts.”

For example, the single most widelyadvocated model to make open accessfinancially viable calls for shifting theburden of paying from the subscriber tothe author, who would pay a fee to covereditorial costs—which could range from

$1000 to $3000 per article. This author-pays plan—discussed at length in theHouse of Commons report—is based onthe assumption that scientific authorssupported by public funds or philan-thropic grants can simply write the addi-tional costs of publication into their grantapplications. But while an author-pays

model might cover current costs of get-ting an article into print today, in theabsence of subscription income theamount might be insufficient to cover allthe expenses of maintaining that articleonline in perpetuity, including migrationto future digital platforms.

Durniak also fears that an author-paysmodel could jeopardize editorial qualitycontrols by creating a fundamental con-

flict of interest. The current subscriber-pays model encourages a publisher to becircumspect about which articles itaccepts or rejects to control operatingcosts, he explains. “But an author-paysmodel could motivate a publisher toaccept more articles [than it otherwisemight] because it would mean more

income from authors, thereby temptinga publisher into becoming a ‘vanitypress,’ ” he says.

While the physical and medical sci-ences are largely supported through gov-ernment (and thus taxpayer) funding,the humanities and social sciences arenot, so they might be faced with payingjournal fees out of their own pockets.Indeed, Lightner points out that indi-

vidual consulting engineers might beequally hard-pressed to raise the neces-sary fees. He worries that publishingcould become restricted to those whocould afford to pay, rather than beingopen to all excellent ideas.

BUILT-IN DISADVANTAGE Lightner, 2005IEEE President-Elect, notes that theauthor-pays precedent would place at adisadvantage IEEE authors from severalcountries and regions—such as China,India, Russia, and Central and SouthAmerica—that encompass a growing por-tion of IEEE membership. “At typicalincome levels in many of these countries,these members work hard just to paytheir IEEE dues. Asking them to pay toput papers in IEEE journals would effec-tively bar them from publishing theirresearch,” Lightner says.

Moreover, Lightner notes that severallarge research universities have examinedthe potential cost of faculty publishingunder an author-pays model and have con-cluded that, for them, open access wouldnot be the most cost-effective publishingsolution. He says the schools discoveredthey would pay more in author fees thanit would cost to continue to pay to sub-scribe to journals from publishers, even atcurrent high prices. That’s not onlybecause of the large number of facultymembers publishing; it is also because ofthe additional overhead incurred in havingto process paperwork, including individ-ual purchase orders and cutting checks topay the publishing fees.

In short, Lightner concludes, “therhetoric around open access does notacknowledge the complexity of the worldof publishing.”

There is still much to be discussed. Allthe uncertainties about business modelsand their potential effects on authors andreaders are “why the PSPB is carefullyconsidering a number of options beforetaking a position on open access,” Dur-niak concludes. •

FOR MORE INFORMATION

The full report of the House of Commons’

Science and Technology Committee,

“Scientific Publications: Free for All? Tenth

Report of Session 2003–04,” is available at

http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/

cm200304/cmselect/cmsctech/

399//399.pdf

The National Institutes of Health’s

position on open access can be found at

http://www.nih.gov/about/publicaccess

The Public Library of Science’s peer-

reviewed open-access journals on biology

and medicine can be accessed from

http://www.plos.org

WHO ARCHIVES?With open access to e-articles stored as electronic bits and bytes in cyberspace

rather than in paper journals on shelves, “the traditional role of libraries will

diminish,” predicts John Vig, IEEE’s 2005 Vice President of Technical Activities.

He cites the example of his own employer—the U.S. Army Communications

Research and Development Center—disbanding its library a few years ago at Fort

Monmouth, N.J. Yet requirements for keeping e-articles always accessible means

“archiving will continue to be an important function,” says Mary Jane Miller, IEEE

corporate librarian. “ ‘Open access’ has become almost a magical term, as if arti-

cles will become available by themselves.”

In reality, she points out, an entire information technology infrastructure is

needed for storing and searching materials, including “aggressive plans for

migrating the archived information to the latest platform so that access in per-

petuity is assured. It’s not clear whether libraries will continue to archive or if

publishers or yet another entity will assume archiving responsibility.”

OPEN ACCESS from page 1

THE INSTITUTE | MARCH 2005 13

3p.coverfeatures.lo 2/7/05 5:43 PM Page 13

BY ERICA VONDERHEID

VER WONDER ABOUT THErole IEEE standards play in yourpersonal computer? They ensuremany things go right—for exam-ple, that a disk drive from anymanufacturer can be cabled to a

computer from another, and that data can bereadily downloaded from any digital cam-corder to a computer.

Thanks to nine IEEE standards, data flowin and out of the computer smoothly, soft-ware runs properly, and the information in thesystem can be protected from hackers.

“IEEE standards are everywhere in acomputer—for example, evenburied way inside the micro-processor chip, where you mightnot even know they’re there,”says Senior Member Bob Grow,chair of the IEEE 802.3 Ether-net working group and princi-pal architect in the Intel Com-munications Group in San Diego.

These days, thanks to standards,“plug and play” is often taken for grantedand we’re surprised when things don’t work.

“If standards development is done prop-erly, consumers get a much better productthat gets adopted quickly, is compatible, andlowers users’ frustration. When you don’thave standards, you have confusion,” saysMember Larry Stein, chair of the IEEE

OperatingSystems1003.1

FEATURE

14 THE INSTITUTE | MARCH 2005

EEthernet

802.3

Firewire1394-1995

Chip Design1076.1

Cryptography1363

Parallel Port1284

Binary Arithmetic

754

OnlineLearning

1484

Wireless802.11

9STANDARDSTHAT KEEP YOUR

COMPUTER GOING

3p.featurestandards.lo 2/7/05 4:24 PM Page 14

THE INSTITUTE | MARCH 2005 15

1284.3 working group and president of Warp Nine Engi-neering in San Diego. The 1284 working group producedthe standard for parallel ports that hook up to printers,while the 1284.3 working group developed the standardfor ports for other peripherals, such as disk drives.

ALL WIRED UP Look at the back of your computer andyou’ll find a socket for plugging in a networking cable. Thephysical and data transmission details about the cableand its plugs are spelled out in IEEE 802.3, the Ethernetnetwork standard.

“Ethernet is the most popular connection for com-munication in the world,” Grow says. With Ethernet,your computer can send and receive 10, 100, or 1000megabits per second to and from an office network orhome broadband Internet connection. The Ethernet pro-tocol outlined in IEEE 802.3 is called “carrier-sense mul-tiple access with collision detection.” This term indicatesthat with multiple devices on the network, an Ethernet-compliant network interface listens for any-thing already on the net before transmitting its data. Itholds off sending anything if it detects something elsecommunicating at the same time.

“Ethernet, implemented by almost everybody in com-munications, adapts how data [are] sent as computingtechnology improves,” Grow says. “It’s simple, easy touse, and pervasive. You plug it in and it works.”

Even if you access the Internet with the wireless net-work connection specified in IEEE 802.11 for a wirelesslocal area network interface, Ethernet is involved. Yourdata may travel wirelessly to an IEEE 802.11 access point,but this access point is usually plugged into a wired Eth-ernet connection.

GETTING CRYPTIC With so much data flying over Internet,Ethernet, and wireless networking connections, you wantto make sure nobody is listening in, which is where IEEE1363, “Public Key Cryptography,” comes in. It makessure that two computers can talk to each other and thatno one else is tapping in.

“Cryptography is the science of data scrambling,”explains Member William Whyte, chair of the 1363 workinggroup. “You don’t want to scramble the data if the person onthe other end doesn’t know how to unscramble it. The stan-dard ensures that we can all agree on an unscramblingmethod that works.”

A PARALLEL PORT OF CALL The cable running from theback of your computer to an ink-jet printer is most likelybased on the IEEE 1284-2000 standard, which defines thesignaling protocols for parallel port connections. The“2000” identifies the year of the last revision and ensuresthat the computer can talk to your printer regardless ofwho built the two pieces of equipment.

“IEEE 1284-2000 allows peripherals such as printersto perform better and faster,” Stein says. “Pages that usedto take 40 seconds to print can now be done in three orfour seconds.”

In the 1980s, non-standard parallel ports, in whichthe bits of a data would be transmitted simultaneouslyon parallel lines, were used for connecting printers.The connection wasn’t very quick, but it could transfer

information faster than the day’s printers could handle.By the 1990s, some companies realized the parallel portcould do more than handle printer data; it could handlethe much higher data rates associated with external hard-disk drives and could transfer data in both directions.

The IEEE 1284 working group came together to cre-ate a bidirectional parallel port standard, and data ratesjumped from 15 000 bytes per second to 1 megabyte persecond. Manufacturers of peripheral devices—such asZip disk drives, CD-ROMs, and tape drives—recognizedthe potential of such a port and got involved along withprinter and computer manufacturers in developing thestandard. By 1996, Senior Member Don Wright, chair ofthe IEEE 1284-2000 working group, notes, every com-puter on the market had an IEEE 1284 parallel port.

“And it was adopted at lighting speed,” Wright recalls.

ACTION! After recording digital home movies of a familyvacation or taking digital snapshots of a child’s first birth-day, you have to get that information from the camera to thecomputer for editing, sharing, or printing. Video needs ahigh-speed connection, which is why IEEE 1394-1995,“Standard for a High Performance Serial Bus,” otherwiseknown as Firewire, was developed. Plug in the camcorderor digital camera via a Firewire cable to the Firewire port atthe back of your computer, and the operating system rec-ognizes the type of device and quickly downloads the data

to your hard drive. But it wasn’t always that easy.“In the early days you had to be a wizard and open up

the computer and set the data rates,” says Member Ger-ald Marazas, chair of the IEEE 1394-1995 working group.“Consumers didn’t want to be engineers. They wanted toplug a device in and have it work.”

Firewire is employed by many computer users—fromamateurs taking family snapshots to independent film-makers, who use desktop computers to edit complexmovies. The standard quickly gained popularity because,according to Marazas, more people were interested in col-lecting digital video and then storing and editing it on apersonal machine than the developers first believed.

The IEEE 1394-1995 standard is also used to add exter-nal storage drives to a computer—to provide anotherplace for storage.

DESIGNED FOR EFFICIENCY Many of the logic chips inyour computer are designed using IEEE 1076-2000,“VHDL Language Reference Manual.” (VHDL is other-wise known as “very-high-speed hardware descriptionlanguage.”) With this standard, computer chip designerscan create a component, or subsystem, by using a rela-tively easy-to-understand high-level language to spell outwhat the completed component should do. These instruc-tions are then automatically converted into the design ofcircuits and interconnections, a process that reduces thetime required to design a chip, making it less expensiveand less prone to design mistakes.

Newer, more sophisticated chips with analog features—such as a radio transmitter—are now designed using anamendment to the original VHDL standard, IEEE 1076.1-1999, the analog and mixed-signal extensions for VHDL.

Previously any analog parts of complex chips had to bedesigned by hand, according to Member Tom Kazmierski,chair of the IEEE 1076.1 working group; the new stan-dard helps to automate that process.

MOVING RIGHT ALONG Application programs written tocomply with IEEE 1003.1 will work properly regardless ofwhat operating system you’re using.

“When you write an application, you want it to runacross multiple platforms,” says Member Andrew Josey,chair of the IEEE 1003.1 working group. “This standardallows you, for example, to develop an application for SunMicrosystems’ Solaris platform and run it on anotheroperating system, such as a version of Microsoft’s Win-dows or on Linux.”

The working group wanted to ensure wide adoption ofthe standard—especially among open-source software devel-opers—so in 2002 the group posted the standard on the Webfor anybody to download at no charge. Since then, the open-source community has embraced the standard, Josey says.

BY THE NUMBERS Many programs, like spreadsheets andtax preparation software, do the number crunching foryou. For those programs to run correctly, all numbers arecomputed and stored in memory or on hard drives in astandard way, thanks to IEEE 754, “Standard for BinaryFloating-Point Arithmetic.”

Floating point is a way of noting very large or verysmall numbers, similar to scientific notation in which 50 000 is written as 5 X 104. Instead of a base of 10 in sci-entific notation, binary floating point uses a base of 2.And IEEE 754 ensures that all numbers are stored on thehard drive the same way and then outlines how the com-puter must perform arithmetic.

“IEEE 754 specifies how floating-point data are com-puted and stored, which makes it possible for computingsoftware to work well on different computers,” says Mem-ber David Hough, editor of the IEEE 754 working group.

LEARNING TO WORK Taking classes and learning new skillson a desktop or laptop computer—whether for work orfun—is common now because the process has becomeeasier thanks to learning systems and courses developedusing the IEEE 1484 series of standards. The three stan-dards in the series define how online courses communi-cate with the systems that deliver them on a computer.Whether using courses developed by your employer, auniversity, or a commercial publisher, these systems cankeep track of what you learned and help you find the con-tent that matches your needs.

“Rather than thinking of learning as something youonly do through separate courses, it’s being integratedinto the software, such as word-processing programs,we use on a daily basis,” says Member Robby Robson,chair of the IEEE 1484 working group. “As we becomemore sophisticated about providing learning experi-ences, technical standards that operate behind the scenesbecome crucial for ensuring that we get the informationwe need to learn, when we need it, and in a format thatmakes sense.” •

If standards development is done properly, CONSUMERS GET A MUCH BETTER PRODUCT

FOR MORE INFORMATION on these or other standards, visit the IEEE Standards Association at http://standards.ieee.org

3p.featurestandards.lo 2/7/05 4:44 PM Page 15

THE 2005 ELECTIONS

Nomination Alert: The Deadlines ApproachHE IEEE NOMINATIONS & Appointments(N&A) Committee seeks nominations for bothappointed and elected volunteer positions. Thecommittee sees to it that nominees for officeappear on ballots and also recommends to theIEEE Board of Directors candidates forappointment to standing committees and

major boards. See the chart at right, “2005 Deadlines at aGlance,” for dates critical to the nomination and electionprocess. Names of candidates must be submitted by 15 March. For elected offices see “Offices Up for Election,”below right.

Committees with openings for volunteers are Audit,Awards Board, Credentials, Employee Benefits, Ethicsand Member Conduct, Fellow, History, Individual Ben-efits and Services, Information Technology Strategy,Meetings and Services (chair only), Nominations &Appointments, Strategic Planning, Tellers, and Womenin Engineering.

Nominations are also sought for the 2007 IEEE Presi-dent-Elect and for the 2006 Assembly-elected officers: VicePresident-Educational Activities, Vice President-Publica-tion Services and Products, IEEE Secretary/Treasurer orIEEE Secretary and IEEE Treasurer.

General qualifications for volunteers are competence,experience, a willingness to take on the tasks, the time inwhich to participate, enthusiasm, vigor, and the ability tocooperate with others in achieving the objectives of thecommittee or board they serve.

Recommendations to the IEEE N&A Committee forpositions can be made throughout the year at http://www.ieee.org/nominate, by fax at +1 732 981 9515, or bye-mail at nominations@ieee.org.

ELECTED POSITIONS On 1 May, the IEEE Board of Directorswill announce the candidates for elective positions who areto be placed on the 2005 ballot. Their terms begin in 2006.

The list of candidates will include individuals for IEEEPresident-Elect nominated by the IEEE N&A Committeeand selected by the IEEE Board of Directors [see “Two Can-didates to Compete for 2006 President-Elect Spot,” p. 4].Other candidates will be nominees for Director and Director-Elect positions submitted by the respective regional and divi-sional nominating committees. The ballot will also includethe nominees for Standards Association President-Elect andBoard of Governors Members-at-Large, Technical ActivitiesVice President-Elect, and IEEE–USA President-Elect andMember-at-Large. The board is also responsible for placingproposed constitutional amendments on the ballot.

Members who have not been nominated but who want torun for office may do so by filing written petitions with theBoard of Directors by noon Eastern Daylight Time (18:00GMT), 10 June 2005. To be eligible for the ballot, a petitionmust be accompanied by the necessary number of valid vot-ing members’ signatures; prospective candidates must meetother requirements as well. •

16 THE INSTITUTE | MARCH 2005

T 15 March

• Regional nominating committees submit candidates for the offices of Regional Delegate-Elect/Director-Elect

• Divisional nominating committees submit candi-dates for the office of Divisional Delegate/Directoror Divisional Delegate-Elect/Director-Elect, as applicable

• Standards Association submits candidates for theoffices of Standards Association President-Electand Board of Governors Members-at-Large

• Technical Activities submits candidates for theoffice of Technical Activities Vice President-Elect

• IEEE–USA submits candidates for the offices of IEEE–USA President-Elect and IEEE–USA Member-at-Large

• Recommendations due to IEEE Nominations & Appointments Committee for 2006 StandingCommittee members, Assembly-elected positions,and 2007 President-Elect

1 May

• Board of Directors submits to the voting membership a list of nominees for President-Elect;Delegate/Director or Delegate-Elect/Director-Elect,as applicable; and other positions to be elected byvoting members for the coming term

• Board of Directors announces its intention to putforward constitutional amendment(s)

10 June

• (Noon EDT/18:00 GMT) Petitions for constitutionalamendments must be received

• (Noon EDT/18:00 GMT) Petition nominations for candidates to be elected by the membershipmust be received

• Initial statements by principal initiators and opponents of constitutional amendments must be received

• Corporate Activities must receive initial statements from all annual election candidates

20 June

• Corporate Activities mails initial statements by proponents of proposed constitutional amendment(s) to opponents, and opponents’ initialstatements to proponents

5 July

• Deadline for rebuttal statements from initiatorsand opponents on constitutional amendment(s)proposals

1 September

• IEEE annual election ballots are sent to all votingmembers

1 November

• (Noon EST/18:00 GMT) Last day for ballots to bereturned by voting members

8 November

• Last day for ballots to be tallied by TellersCommittee

9 November

• Election of officers by IEEE Assembly

11 November

• Last day for announcement of vote tally by TellersCommittee to IEEE Board of Directors

13 November

• Assembly election results announced

• IEEE Board of Directors acts to accept report ofTellers Committee

• IEEE Annual Election results are made official

2005 DEADLINES AT A GLANCE

Chosen by all voting members:

• President-Elect

Chosen by members in Regions 1–6:

• IEEE–USA President-Elect

• IEEE–USA Member-at-Large

Chosen by members of the IEEEStandards Association who are alsovoting members of the IEEE:

• IEEE Standards AssociationPresident-Elect

Chosen by members of the IEEEStandards Association:

• IEEE Standards AssociationBoard of Governors Members-at-Large

Chosen by members of the respective technical divisions:

• Technical Activities Vice President-Elect

• Delegate-Elect/Director-Elect,Division II (one-year term)

• Delegate-Elect/Director-Elect,Division IV (one-year term)

• Delegate-Elect/Director-Elect,Division VI (one-year term)

• Delegate-Elect/Director,Division VII (two-year term)

• Delegate-Elect/Director-Elect,Division VIII (one-year term)

• Delegate-Elect/Director-Elect,Division X (one-year term)

Chosen by members of the respective regions:

• Delegate-Elect/Director-Elect,Region 1 (two-year term)

• Delegate-Elect/Director-Elect,Region 3 (two-year term)

• Delegate-Elect/Director-Elect,Region 5 (two-year term)

• Delegate-Elect/Director-Elect,Region 7 (two-year term)

• Delegate-Elect/Director-Elect,Region 8 (one-year term)

• Delegate-Elect/Director-Elect,Region 9 (two-year term)

FOR MORE INFORMATION on election procedures, contact

Carrie Loh, IEEE Corporate Activities, at +1 732 562 3934,

e-mail: c.loh@ieee.org; or Fern Katronetsky, IEEE Corporate

Activities, at +1 732 562 3932, e-mail: f.katronetsky@ieee.org.

OFFICES UP FOR ELECTION

3p.deadlines/salarysurvey.lo 2/7/05 4:17 PM Page 16

CAREER

BY CHRIS MCMANES

FOR THE FIRST TIME IN MORE than30 years, the median income for U.S.IEEE members fell. That’s according tothe findings of the 2004 IEEE–USA Salaryand Fringe Benefit Survey.

Median incomes are based on primaryincome sources, such as base pay plus anyearnings from being self-employed, com-missions, or bonuses for members work-ing full time in their specialty area. In2003 the median stood at US $99 500, adrop from the $101 000 reported in 2002.Median salaries had shown substantialgains since 1994’s figure of $67 000. In1996, the median was $72 000; in 1998$82 000; and in 2000 $93 100.

IEEE–USA’s Internet-based survey,which went to more than 80 600 U.S.members, was conducted in late 2004 andasked about 2003 income. The 15.6 per-cent response rate and the 12 584 respon-dents were the highest ever recorded by

IEEE–USA. The majority of respon-dents—11 182—were full-time workers.Of those, 10 114 were employed in theirprimary area of technical competence.

The latest survey also doesn’t bode wellfor purchasing power, which showed itsfirst decline since 1988. Adjusted for infla-tion and stated in constant 2004 dollars,2003 purchasing power fell to $102 501from $106 418 in 2002, a decrease of 3.68percent. The 2003 figure is only slightlyabove the 2000 figure of $102 480.

Richard Ellis, who analyzed the surveyresults for IEEE–USA, says he was notsurprised by the findings.

“The end of the dot-com and telecom-munications booms had obvious negativeeffects on demand for people with skills inelectrical, electronics, and computer engi-neering,” says Ellis, who was director ofresearch for the American Association ofEngineering Societies’ Engineering Work-force Commission from 1985 to 1996.“When you add in allowances for large

numbers of foreign guest workers in theUnited States and the huge increases inwork that’s being outsourced overseas,then it’s predictable that lots of U.S. high-tech workers would be unemployed andthe price of labor would go down, just likeany price goes down when supplies arehigh and demand is low. That’s just ele-mentary economics.”

Recent statistics from the U.S. Depart-ment of Labor support Ellis’ contention.The department reported that in 2000,there were 444 000 employed electricaland electronics engineers, versus 363 000in 2003, a drop of 81 000.

The salary survey is the basis for theIEEE–USA Salary Service, a suite of tools

allowing employers and individual IEEEmembers to benchmark technical profes-sionals’ salaries. The survey can be takenany time, and members who participatereceive free access to the Salary Service.This career-management tool, along withthe survey, is available at http://www.ieeeusa.org/careers/salary.

U.S. IEEE members using the servicealso receive individual salary calculators foreach year they take the survey. The calcula-tor lets members gauge what their currentsalary should be, based on what others areearning, and what effect potential changes,such as getting an advanced degree or mov-ing to another part of the country, mighthave on how much they could earn. •

Salaries for U.S. IEEE MembersDecline, According to Survey

SIGN UP TODAY: www.ieee.org/whats-newChoose the FREE newsletters that are right for you.

What’s New @ IEEERead it Here First

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 200360

70

80

90

100

110

Constant 2004 DollarsAbsolute Dollars

US $

, tho

usan

ds

The IEEE–USA Salary and Fringe Benefit Survey shows median income fell in 2003

3p.deadlines/salarysurvey.lo 2/7/05 4:08 PM Page 17

18 THE INSTITUTE | MARCH 2005

He also helped create the Industry Appli-cations Society Outstanding Young Mem-ber Award, which recognizes distinguishedachievements by a member of the Societyyounger than 35 years of age.

Shortly after he became editor, Andyasked engineering students to suggestways to modernize the publication’sappearance and increase readability. Heworked closely with the magazine’s edi-torial staff in Piscataway, N.J., andunveiled a major redesign in January 2002that appealed to younger readers.

The PCIC honored Andy in 1995 withits Russell W. Mills Award for Outstand-ing Service and Achievement, and thenagain in 2003 with its Outstanding Emeritus Award. He was named an IEEEFellow in 1996 “for leadership in inte-grating IEEE standards with industrialapplication needs.” In 2003, the IndustryApplications Society awarded him itsDistinguished Service Award.

Andy announced his retirement as edi-tor of IEEE Industry Applications Maga-

zine in the September/October 2004issue, and his last editorial appeared inthe November/December issue.

Lanny Floyd worked with Andy Smith at DuPont. Louie Powell succeeded Smith as editor in chief of IEEE Industry Applications Magazine. •

ANDY SMITH was an outstanding engi-neer, a dedicated volunteer to the profes-sion, a great friend and mentor to many inthe IEEE, and a true gentleman.

A native of Charleston, W.Va., Andyearned his bachelor’s degree in electricalengineering in 1965 fromthe University of Cincin-nati, in Ohio. Eta KappaNu, the engineering honorsociety, inducted him thatsame year, and shortlythereafter Andy joined the corporate engineeringdepartment of DuPont inNewark, Del. Early in hiscareer, Andy worked onproblems dealing with thepractical application of elec-trical technology in nuclear and chemicalmanufacturing processes. Eventually, hemanaged all aspects of DuPont’s electricalengineering design and consulting serv-

ices, and he retired in 1998 as electricaltechnology consultant manager.

In 1975, Andy joined the IEEE IndustryApplications Society’s (IAS) Petroleum andChemical Industry Committee (PCIC),where he served in various leadership roles

for nearly 30 years. He alsohelped the committeedevelop long-term strategicplans. After he retired fromDuPont, Andy became edi-tor in chief of IEEE IndustryApplications Magazine, pub-lishing his first issue in Jan-uary 1998.

Andy knew that theSociety’s future lay inrecruiting students to thefield. To that end, he helped

to establish the PCIC Young EngineersDevelopment Subcommittee, which pro-vides opportunities at conferences foryoung professionals to network with peers.

BY LINDSAY ELKINS

LEADING INTERPLANETARY researcherand IEEE Fellow Louis J. Lanzerotti hasbeen appointed to the National ScienceBoard. The 24-member governing body ofthe National Science Foundation (NSF),in Arlington, Va., oversees and guides theNSF’s activities. The board advises theWhite House and Congress on policyissues related to science and engineering.

Lanzerotti, a distinguished research pro-fessor at the Center for Solar-TerrestrialResearch at the New Jersey Institute ofTechnology in Newark, was first contacted inApril 2004 about serving a six-year term onthe board. He was in the Netherlands at ameeting on Ulysses, a NASA program forunderstanding the characteristics of theinterplanetary medium, when he received aphone message that the White House per-sonnel office was trying to reach him.

“I was surprised to be recommendedfor the position, but I’m certainly pleasedthat I am able to serve,” he says.

The nomination process was lengthy.Lanzerotti had a number of interviews with

the White House that continued throughAugust. His name was submitted to the U.S.Senate in September, and he and five othernew members, plus two reappointed mem-bers, were confirmed in mid-November.

Lanzerotti began his career in 1965 asa postdoctoral fellow doing thesis work

in nuclear physics at Harvard Universityin Cambridge, Mass., and later at BellLaboratories. In 1967, he joined the tech-nical staff at Bell, where he helped buildthe Advanced Telecommunications SatelliteI, the first geosynchronous communica-tion satellite (meaning one positioned in

a high orbit that matches the Earth’s rota-tion). While he was still at Bell, Lanze-rotti also served as an investigator for sev-eral NASA interplanetary and planetarymissions, including Cassini, Galileo,Ulysses, and Voyager.

Through his work, which involvedstudying the space environments of planetsbeyond their atmospheres, Lanzerottibecame an expert in space plasma physicsand the effects of the space environment onspace and ground communications. He leftBell Labs in 2001 but still consults for theorganization. He also chairs a 20-personpanel of the National Research Council,studying whether to prolong the mission ofthe Hubble Space Telescope.

Lanzerotti is just getting his feet wet inhis new science board duties. One of hisinterests as a board member is to improverecruitment, education, and training pro-grams for young students so as to attractthem to science and engineering careers.

“I look forward to participating in fos-tering excellence in the areas of scienceand engineering that the NSF supports,”he says. •

MEMBER RECOGNITION

Lanzerotti Named to Top U.S. Science Board

Andrew W. SmithFormer Editor of IEEE Industry Applications Magazine

ANDREW W. SMITH 62

DIED 15 November 2004

MEMBER GRADE Fellow

EDUCATION Bachelor’s degree in electri-

cal engineering from the University of

Cincinnati, Ohio

FIELD OF INTEREST Application of

electrical technology in industrial processes

VOLUNTEER ACTIVITIES Chair, IEEE

Delaware Bay Section, 1980; editor in

chief, IEEE Industry Applications

Magazine, 1998–2004; chair, IEEE Techni-

cal Activities Board Magazines

Committee, 2002; chair, Petroleum and

Chemical Industry Committee, 1989;

member, Industry Applications Society

(IAS) Executive Committee; member, IAS,

for more than 30 years

AWARDS IAS’s Petroleum and Chemical

Industry Committee Russell W. Mills

Award, 1995; PCIC Outstanding Emeritus

Award, 2003; IAS Distinguished Service

Award, 2003

Louis J. Lanzerotti

IN MEMORIAM

Andrew W. Smith

BY LANNY FLOYD & LOUIE POWELL

3p.Member/Obit.lo 2/14/05 3:50 PM Page 18

BY PAT JANOWSKI

HAT DOES IT MEAN to be a sen-ior member of the IEEE? At thevery least it means you’ve met somebasic requirements: 10 years in theprofession, five of which demon-strate significant professional per-formance, and you’ve received threesupporting references from other

IEEE senior members or Fellows. But this tells only partof the story. Senior members often find their status to bean asset in their careers and, according to Michael J.Binder, IEEE’s director of membership, seniormembers frequently become more active in theIEEE than they were before.

Another incentive for becoming a senior mem-ber is that only senior members are eligible forcertain appointed and elected positions. And, yes,new senior members receive an engraved plaqueand a US $25 voucher good toward an IEEE soci-ety membership.

Senior Member Fred Garber, chair of the elec-trical engineering department at Wright StateUniversity in Dayton, Ohio, found he had to be asenior member if he wanted to become involvedin the Accreditation Board for Engineering andTechnology (ABET) review process—somethinghe had his heart set on.

“I wanted to get into the ABET reviewer train-ing program so I could be more involved withthe changes being considered for engineeringeducation,” Garber explains.

Adds Robert Adams, Regional ActivitiesBoard membership development representative,“Many sections have lots of members eligiblefor senior status, but most procrastinate anddon’t apply.” Adams, former IEEE–USA VicePresident of member activities, says he was oneof them. “I never did apply until I was asked torun for director of Region 4 [in the centralUnited States] in 1999. I needed to be a seniormember, so I quickly applied,” he explains.

Some senior members appreciate the cachetassociated with the elevated grade. For example,John A. Kassebaum, president of Stellar WindDevelopment LLC in Indianapolis, finds hissenior member grade of value to his business.“As a consulting engineer, I see senior mem-bership as a means of marketing my skills andservices,” he says. “It is an accolade of sorts, andconveys a high level of competency that clients perceiveas valuable.”

As for the IEEE itself, more senior members on itsmembership rolls makes for a more stable organiza-tion, according to Binder. Senior members can becounted on to renew their membership year after year;typically 98 percent renew, compared with an 86 per-cent renewal rate for members and 79 percent for associates, Binder says.

ORGANIZING A RODEO It’s not surprising that a number ofsections drum up ways to encourage members to applyfor senior status. Some sections hold special events atwhich they streamline the application process and serverefreshments. The easy part is filling out an online form;frequently, the hard part is to find those three seniormembers or Fellows to provide references. (Applicantsmust supply résumés and list their qualifications.)

In June, the Central Indiana Section Senior Members’Rodeo, as it was called, proved successful. Alan Stiller-man, chair of the section and a senior product research

analyst for the Indiana Higher Education Telecommuni-cations System in Indianapolis, organized it. “We reserveda laboratory room with computers at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis,” he explains. “We setthe hours from 1 to 5 p.m. on a Saturday and had foursenior members available to act as references. Right at 1 p.m., 10 people walked in the door,” Stillerman says.

“We had a steady stream of applicants right up until wefinally closed the doors. People were there from all over

the state of Indiana,” recalls Adams, who served as one ofthe senior member references. “I saw people I hadn’tseen for years, people I worked with maybe 20 yearsbefore. It was just a good time for everybody.”

Says Stillerman, “With application forms online, theapplication process itself was simple. I spent an afternoonand I was essentially done with the paperwork when therodeo was over.”

He recommends publicizing such events early andoften. “We sent out invitations to the entire section amonth before the event and included links to informa-

tion and applicationforms on the IEEE’sWeb site,” Stillerman

says. He then followed up with weeklye-mail reminders until the day of therodeo. Ultimately, 25 members applied

for senior status.Thomas N. Bishop, a senior engineer at

Raytheon Technical Services Co. in Indi-anapolis, was another who served as a refer-ence for applicants during the event. He rec-ognizes a couple of benefits that he himself gotfrom the experience.

“I became acquainted with the talents of engineers in my geographic area, and I got thechance to foster a professional relationshipwith a very impressive group of people,” Bishopsays. In the months since the event, he adds, hehas even received tips on job opportunities.

Paul Kladitis, who organized a similarevent in Dayton, Ohio, in December, empha-sizes the importance of having senior mem-bers participate. “A lot of electrical engineersusually don’t work with other senior mem-bers,” says Kladitis, an assistant professor inthe department of electrical and computerengineering at the Air Force Institute ofTechnology in Dayton. “They don’t know thepeople who could act as references.”

He considers his rodeo a great success.“We processed 25 applications in two hours,”Kladitis reports. “It’s one of the most popu-lar things we’ve done.”

Other sections have run successful eventsas well. In the summer and fall of 2004, sec-tions in Region 7 (Canada) held two sessionsat which members submitted applications on

the spot. “We had senior members on hand toguide them through the criteria and provide refer-ences,” says Hilmi M. Turanli, Region 7 membershipdevelopment chair. The events helped the region meetits goal of 100 new senior member upgrades in 2004,which, combined with all other regions, brought theIEEE’s total to 2080 for the year. •

FOR MORE INFORMATION on how to apply for senior

membership, visit http://www.ieee.org/membership

Stepping Up to Senior MemberBEST PRACTICES

THE INSTITUTE | MARCH 2005 19

WMany sections have members WHO ARE ELIGIBLEfor senior member status but don’t apply

3p.BestPractice.lo 2/7/05 3:10 PM Page 19

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