theories and theorists by: katie and cassidy. psychodynamic main theorists: sigmund freud erik...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Theories and Theorists By: Katie and Cassidy. Psychodynamic Main Theorists: Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081420/56649ed25503460f94be265f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Theories and TheoristsBy: Katie and Cassidy
![Page 2: Theories and Theorists By: Katie and Cassidy. Psychodynamic Main Theorists: Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081420/56649ed25503460f94be265f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Psychodynamic
Main Theorists:
Sigmund Freud
Erik Erikson
![Page 3: Theories and Theorists By: Katie and Cassidy. Psychodynamic Main Theorists: Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081420/56649ed25503460f94be265f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Sigmund Freud6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939
Biography:
was an Austrian neurologist who became known as the founding father of psychoanalysis
Was a qualified doctor of medicine
He carried out research into cerebral palsy, aphasia and microscopic neuroanatomical at a hospital in 1882
became a professor in 1902
Theory:• Personality is defined
by 3 stages• Id- instinctive part
that drives people to seek satisfaction
• Ego- rational structure that forms peoples sense of self
• Superego- moral side that informs people of right or wrong
• Thinks that human development is more than just central growth of language, perception, or cognition
![Page 4: Theories and Theorists By: Katie and Cassidy. Psychodynamic Main Theorists: Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081420/56649ed25503460f94be265f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Erik Erikson15 June 1902 – 12 May 1994
Biography:
He taught in progressive and Montessori schools in Europe
Trained as a psychoanalysis and was interested in connections between psychotherapy and education.
He was the first analyst in the Boston area and he taught at many universities across America.
• Theory- Human Development-Life is a series of stages through which each person passes.
• Stage one- Trust vs. Mistrust (birth to one year)
• Stage two- Autonomy vs. Doubt (two to three years)
• Stage three- Initiative vs. Guilt (three to five or six years)
• Stage four- Industry vs. Inferiority (six to twelve years)
Play is important, he supports schools with “free play” or “choice time”
![Page 5: Theories and Theorists By: Katie and Cassidy. Psychodynamic Main Theorists: Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081420/56649ed25503460f94be265f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Behaviorists
John B. Watson
Edward L. Thorndike
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
![Page 6: Theories and Theorists By: Katie and Cassidy. Psychodynamic Main Theorists: Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081420/56649ed25503460f94be265f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
John B. Watson
Biography:
American Theorist who studied animal experiments of the Russian scientist, Ivan Pablo
Translated ideas of conditioning into human terms
He could shape a persons entire life by controlling exactly the events of an infants first year.
Theories:
• He could shape a persons entire life by controlling exactly the events of an infants first year.
• One of his ideas was to discourage emotional ties between parents and children because it disrupted the child’s learning environment
![Page 7: Theories and Theorists By: Katie and Cassidy. Psychodynamic Main Theorists: Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081420/56649ed25503460f94be265f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Edward L. Thorndike
Biography:
Studied conditions of learning
Known as “Godfather of Standardized testing”
Helped develop scales to measure student achievement.
Was famous for his unique tecniques
Theories:
• Focused on conditions of learning
• Stimulis-response
• Learning habits
• Thought it was wise to pay close attention to consequences and behavior through reinforcement
![Page 8: Theories and Theorists By: Katie and Cassidy. Psychodynamic Main Theorists: Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081420/56649ed25503460f94be265f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
B.F Skinner
Biography:
Took the idea of “Tabula rasa” one step further
Behavior controlled by environment
Enforced that there is no behavior that cannot be modified
Theories:
• Enforced that there is no behavior that cannot be modified
• Cope effective with the world
• Designed experience
• Some said he used people as puppets
![Page 9: Theories and Theorists By: Katie and Cassidy. Psychodynamic Main Theorists: Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081420/56649ed25503460f94be265f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Albert Bandura
Biography:
Developed another type of learning called social learning
Believes children follow the footsteps of their parents
Watched how children learned rules
Theories:
• Believes children follow the footsteps of their parents
• His theory is socialization-the process of learning to perform social rules
• Things such as television, computers, and video games have a big impact on children’s behavior
![Page 10: Theories and Theorists By: Katie and Cassidy. Psychodynamic Main Theorists: Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081420/56649ed25503460f94be265f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cognitive
Jean jacques Piaget
![Page 11: Theories and Theorists By: Katie and Cassidy. Psychodynamic Main Theorists: Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081420/56649ed25503460f94be265f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Jean Jacques Piaget1896-1980
Biography:
Studied thought of processes and how they change with age
Had a great influence on child Psychology
Became an expert on development on knowledge from birth to adulthood
Born at the turn of the century
Longed a lifelong study of intelligence
Begin studying child thought processes (studied his own children)
![Page 12: Theories and Theorists By: Katie and Cassidy. Psychodynamic Main Theorists: Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081420/56649ed25503460f94be265f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Theories of Jean Jacques Piaget
Did not think intrinsic or extrinsic offered a full explanation for amazing, complex behaviors
Relied on both maturational and environmental factors
Believed that all species inherit a basic tendency to organize their lives and adapt to the world around them
Believes in an order of stages:
Sensorimotor Stage
Preoperational Stage
Concrete Operational stage
Formal Operational stage
![Page 13: Theories and Theorists By: Katie and Cassidy. Psychodynamic Main Theorists: Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081420/56649ed25503460f94be265f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sociocultural
Lev Vygotsky
![Page 14: Theories and Theorists By: Katie and Cassidy. Psychodynamic Main Theorists: Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081420/56649ed25503460f94be265f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Biography of Lev Vygotsky
Born in 1896 in Byelorussia
Graduated from Moscow University in 1917
Got his literature degree
Taught literature and Psychology for the next 6 years
In 1924 he began working in the institute of Psychology in Moscow
Gathered a group of young scientists
Got tuberculosis and died in 1934 at age of 34
![Page 15: Theories and Theorists By: Katie and Cassidy. Psychodynamic Main Theorists: Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081420/56649ed25503460f94be265f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Theories of Lev Vygotsky
Believed in collaborative/assistive learning
Focuses on how values, beliefs, skills, and traditions are transmitted to the next generation.
Believed in connection between children and important people
Provides a helpful structure
Dictates that learning involves critical thinking and interation
In the zone of proximal development
Private speech