thermal and moisture protection_sp2007

7/27/2019 Thermal and Moisture Protection_sp2007

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ThermalAndMoisture

Protection

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TOPICSO

MOISTURE CONTROLO WATERPROOFING

O Membrane

O Clay

O Cementitious

O DAMPPROOFING

O Hot-applied

O Cold-appliedO BUILDING INSULATION

O Rigid

O Mineral Fiber

O Loose-fill

O Foamed-in-place

O ROOFING

O Low vs. steep slope

O Types of roofing materials

O FLASHING

O SIDING

O SEALANTS2


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MOISTURE CONTROL

O Moisture is NOT damaging to construction in

its vapor formthe problems arise as it

O CONDENSES (l iquefies)

O FREEZES (sol id i f ies)

O These may cause organic materials to

decay, metals to corrode, paint coatings to

blister, and in the case of freezing, may

cause concrete and masonry to crack.

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KEY MOISTURE ABSORPTION

CONSIDERATIONS

O DIMENSIONAL INSTABILITY the changes in

moisture can cause a change in material

dimensions (ex: wood drying)

O DETERIORATION causes physical, chemical, and

biological breakdown of materials (ex: steel rusting)

O CONDENSATION TOLERANCE varies for each

material

O EFFECT ON HEAT FLOW if material containsmoisture it can increase the conductivity

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PERMEABILITY

O PERMEANCEmeasure of water

vapors flow through amaterial of specific

thickness or anassembly of severalmaterials

O METALS & GLASSvery low permeability

O Materials with apermeance of 0-1 are

considered vaporretarders

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MOISTURE

CONDENSATION Moisture condensation in walls,

floors, and roof and ceiling

assemblies can be controlled by:

Providing a vapor retarder

on the interior side of theassembly which limits

vapor entering the structure.

Provide adequate ventilation

for the structure in spaces

such as attic areas and crawlspaces.


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WATERPROOFING

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As defined in ASTM D1079: the

treatment of a surface or a structure

to prevent the passage of waterunder hydrostatic pressure.


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MEMBRANE

FLUID-APPLIED MEMBRANES

ARE USUALLY:

O POLYURETHANE

O HOT RUBBERIZED ASPHALTnot as elastic as

polyurethane and requires a

thicker coat

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SHEET MEMBRANES

O Butyl synthetic rubber

sheet[60 mils thick]

O Ethylene propylene

diene monomers

(EPDM) [min. 1/16

thick]O Pre-molded bituminous

[7 ply]

O Rubberized asphalt[56

mils]

O Self-adhesive butyl[60mils- requires adhesive

primer]


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BITUMINOUS

O Usually applied on vertical below-grade

surfaces

O Hot coal-tar pitch or hot asphaltO The number of plies, overall thickness,

and content vary according to the depth of

the hydrostatic head (in ft. all increase

as the depth increases)

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CLAY WATERPROOFINGO BENTONITE CLAY when wet, it

expands to between 10 to 15 times its dry

volume.O It is typically mixed with water & sprayed

in place (also available in dry sheets

between cardboard)

O

Placed below grade to exterior surfaces

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CEMENTITIOUS

WATERPROOFING

O Composed of portland cement, aggregate,

and an acrylic or plastic admix.

O It may also contain iron fillers (then knownas iron oxide waterproofing)

O HYDRAULIC CEMENT another form of

cementitious waterproofing used to seal

holes, cracks and open joints (often infree-flowing water)

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DAMPPROOFING

O May be hot- or cold- applied

O Hot consists of an asphalt primer or a

coal-tar-based primerO Used on the exterior of buildings- not

interior because of lingering odor and the

problems associated with using hot

products indoors.

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BUILDING INSULATION

O Usually added to the roof, walls, and

floors of a structure

O 4 Basic Classifications Are:

O RIGID BOARD

O MINERAL FIBER

O LOOSE FILL

O FOAMED-IN-PLACE

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RIGID INSULATION

O Usable in all parts of a buildingusually in a boardformO Most are [RESISTANCE/INCH]:

O POLYSTYRENE sensitive to daylight, give off carbonmonoxide while burning

O POLYURETHANE [6.25] may expand after exposure to

moistureO POLYISOCYANURATE [7.2]O PERLITE [2.78] will not burn, tends to absorb waterO PHENOLIC [8.3]breaks easily, corrodes metalO CELLULAR GLASS BLOCK- [2.5] breaks easily,

deteriorates if exposed to freezing & thawingO

ORGANIC FIBER roofing systems primary use, woodfibers and water resistant bindersO GLASS FIBERO COMPOSITES take advantage of high R-values of

some materials in combination with the stability of others13


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MINERAL FIBER

INSULATION

O Products made from fibers from rock,

slag, or glass

O Naturally resistant to fire, moisture, andvermin

O May be semi-rigid boards, batts, or

blankets (longer than batts and sold in

large rolls). Intended to fit between studs(16 or 24 o.c.)

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LOOSE-FILL INSULATION

O Comprised of fibers, granules, or chips

O May be poured or blown into attics or

wall cavitiesO Common additives may include:

adhesives, and chemical treatments to

resist fire and vermin

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FOAMED-IN-PLACE

INSULATIONO Created by a chemical reaction that

expands a mixture of components as

much as 30 timesO Curing typically takes from 24-72 hours, at

which time the mixture solidifies into a

cellular plastic

O

Care must be taken not to overfill acavity

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ROOFINGO Low slope in general, these are roofs

which slope less than 41/2/ft.

O On low slope roofs a system of compatiblecomponents is selected to work together

to form a waterproof membrane

O Common systems used are: built-up roof

or single-ply

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EXAMPLES OF SINGLE-PLY

MEMBRANES

O EPDM [ethylene propylene diene monomer]

factory cured elastomer, bonded to themselves

using adhesivesO CSPE (DuPont Hypalon)synthetic rubber, may

also be liquid

O CPE un-reinforced or polyester reinforced sheet

materialO PIB formulated from isobutylene and other

polymers, carbon black, and additional additives

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EXAMPLE OF BUILT-UP ROOF


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STEEP ROOFINGO Slopes exceed 41/2/ft.

O Many materials used in modern roofing

practices existed centuries ago (clay tiles,and stone)

O Material used is based on: cost criteria,

slope of roof, expected service life, wind

resistance, fire resistance, and localclimate.

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ROOFING MATERIAL AND

SLOPE

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Min.

SlopeTYPE OF ROOF

2 in 12 Asphalt shingles (warranty may

require a steeper slope - 4 in 12)

3 in 12 Mineral fiber-cement shingles,

wood shakes or shingles

4 in 12 Slate shingles, concrete tile (other

than flat)

5 in 12 Flat clay tile, concrete tile


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ROOFING

UNDERLAYMENT

O Should be asphalt-saturated felt (usually a

No. 15 or No. 30 used, may require morethan 1 layer-depending on roofing material

selected)see pg 463, fig 7.6-6

O Applied immediately after the roof

sheathing is in place

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UNDERLAYMENT PERFORMS

THESE FUNCTIONS:

O Protects sheathing from moisture

absorption

O Prevents the entrance of wind-driven rainonto sheathing

O Prevents direct contact between asphalt

shingles and resinous areas in wood

sheathing (chemically incompatible-maydamage shingles)

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TYPES OF ROOFING

MATERIALS

O ASPHALT SHINGLES

O SLATE

O TILE

O MINERAL-FIBER-CEMENT SHINGLES

O WOOD SHINGLES AND SHAKES

O

METAL

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ROOFING STYLES

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EXAMPLES


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EXAMPLES


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FLASHING

O Should be installed at all intersections of otherroofs, walls, and projections from roof.

O Flashing should be made of corrosion resistant

materials such as:

O Galvanized or stainless steel (min 26 gauge)

O Aluminum (0.019 inch min.)avoid using next to

masonry

O Copper (16 oz.)if not lead coatedmay stain

surrounding materialsO Flexible sheet- made of PVC or modified

polymers-used in single-ply & some BUR [built

up roof]28


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TYPICAL LOCATIONS

FOR FLASHING

O Valleysjoint formed by 2 sloping roofs

O Chimney

O Eaves ice forming along the eaves

O Drip edge

O All roof penetrations

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SIDING

O The type of wall siding selected depends on cost,expected life service, wind resistance, fire

resistance, local climate, and maintenance.

O Possible materials include:

O Mineral-Fiber-Cement shingles

O Wood shingles & shakes

O Aluminum and Vinyl siding

O Wood or Hardboard siding

O Bevel, Tongue & Groove, Lap, Board and Batten

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SEALANTSO Basic types of building sealants include:

O Elastomeric (rubber like)polysulfides, silicone,polyurethane [expansion joints]

O Solvent release curing [small-joints (3/16 or less]

O

Latex emulsion [small interior joints,doors,windows]

O Tape [glazing, concealing lap joints]

O Acoustical [seal sound transmission, electricaloutlets]

O Preformed Foam

O Oil-based caulking compounds [doors, windows,masonry subject to little or no movement]

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REFERENCES

O Construction Materials and Processes, 3rd Edition. Watson,Don A.. McGraw-Hill, 1986. Imprint 2000. ISBN: 0-07-068476-6

O Construction Principles, Materials, and Methods, SeventhEdition. H. Leslie Simmons, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2001.

O Olins Construction Principles, Materials, and Methods, Eighth

Edition. H. Leslie Simmons, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2007O Architectural Materials for Construction, Rosen, Harold J. and

Heineman, Tom. McGraw-Hill, 1996. ISBN: 0-07-053741-0

O Basic Construction Materials, 6th Edition. Marotta, TheodoreW. Prentice Hall, 2002. ISBN: 0-13-089625-X

O Building Construction: Materials and Types of Construction,6th Edition, Ellison, Donald C., Huntington, W.C., Mickadeit,

Robert E.. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 0-13-090952-1.O Architectural Graphic Standards: Student Edition, Abridgment

of 9th Edition. The American Institute of Architects. John Wiley& Sons. ISBN: 0-471-34817-1

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