thermal energy storage in buildings - mcgill … · plan 2 energy consumption and power demand...
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Michel Bernier, ing., Ph.D. Professeur titulaire Département de génie mécanique
THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE IN BUILDINGS
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PLAN
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Energy consumption and power demand
Diurnal thermal energy storage in buildings
Electric hot water tanks
High temperature compact storage
Seasonal thermal energy storage in a community
Drake Landing solar community
Summary
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ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN BUILDINGS
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
China UnitedStates
USBuildings
Russia India Japan Canada Germany Brazil Korea,South
France
Primary energy consumption (Quadrillion Btu) 2011
[1]
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ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN QUÉBEC
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Total electric energy consumption = 186 TWh
Industrial [POURCENTAGE]
Commercial [POURCENTAGE]
Space heating 21%
DHW [POURCENTAGE]
Appliances 6% Residential
[POURCENTAGE]
Electric energy consumption by sector in Québec - 2011
[2]
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YEARLY POWER DEMAND
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Cold climate with high penetration of electric space heating
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Hour [h]
Grid p
ow
er
MW
POWER DEMAND - PEAK WINTER DAY IN QUÉBEC
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[3]
≈ 39000 MW
Residential space Heating (≈ 11000 MW)
Domestic hot water (≈ 2000 MW)
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SUMMARY
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Space heating and DHW for residential buildings in Québec: • ≈ 1/4 of the total annual electric energy
consumption • ≈ 1/3 of the power demand at peak conditions
Great potential for power and energy savings using thermal energy storage
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ELECTRIC HOT WATER TANKS
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Typical Québec family: -Daily water consumption: ≈ 250 liters/day -Daily energy consumption: ≈ 15 kWh -Annual energy consumption: ≈ 5000 kWh
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ELECTRIC HOT WATER TANKS
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[3]
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ELECTRIC HOT WATER TANKS
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Ideal for load shifting [5]
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HIGH TEMPERATURE COMPACT STORAGE
Ceramic bricks at 500°C
Electric heating elements
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Developed by researchers at Hydro-Québec’s research lab (LTE) [6]
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HIGH TEMPERATURE COMPACT STORAGE
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Measured data at the Price building in Quebec city [6]
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SEASONAL THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE
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Space heating needs and solar availability are not in sync
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SEASONAL THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE
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The best example is in Canada !
Drake Landing Solar Community [7]
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SEASONAL THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE
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Auxiliary heating
Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES)
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SEASONAL THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE
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Measured temperatures in the borehole storage [8]
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SEASONAL THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE
17 Solar fraction of ≈ 95% for space heating !
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SUMMARY
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• Buildings use a substantial amount of energy. • Buildings in Québec require a significant
amount of power at peak conditions.
• Solutions exists to reduce the energy/power impact of buildings:
Electric hot water tanks Compact high temperature storage Seasonal storage in boreholes
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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• Past, current, and future graduate students.
• Prof. Baliga.
•
•
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REFERENCES
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1. Based on a presentation made by Ellen Franconi (from RMI) at the 2011 IBPSA world conference and US Energy Information Administration (www.eia.gov).
2. www.mern.gouv.qc.ca/energie/statistiques.
3. Based on a profile presented by : Laperrière, A. Three elements electric water heater. 2011 ACEEE Hot Water Forum.
4. Atabaki, N., Bernier, M. 2005. A Semi-empirical model for residential electric hot water tanks, ASHRAE Transactions, vol. 111, Part 1, pp.159-168.
5. Bouthillier, P., Bernier, M. 1995. A new model to simulate the thermal performance of electric water heaters, Canadian Electrical Association - Technical conference - Electricity '95, Vancouver, Canada, 20 pages.
6. Moreau, A. Le chauffage électrique hors-pointe avec accumulation thermique - résultats de l’édifice Price de Québec, Infobec, Novembre 2003.
7. www.dlsc.ca
8. Sibbit, B., McClenahan, D., Djebbar, R., Thornto, J., Wong, B., Carriere, J., Kokko, J. 2012. The Performance of a High Solar Fraction Seasonal Storage District Heating System – Five years of Operation. Energy Procedia, 30: pp. 856-865.