thermochemistry. energy in this topic, we are interested in energy transfers types of energy...
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Thermochemistry
EnergyIn this topic, we are interested in energy transfers
Types of energy
Definition: energy is the capacity to do workKinetic energy
Energy produced by a moving object
Potential energy
Energy available due to objects position
Radiant energy
Solar energy
Chemical energy
Energy stored within chemical substances
Thermal energy
Energy associated with the random motion of particles and atoms
We are interested in thermal energy for this topic
Conservation of Energy
Different forms of energy can be converted into other forms of energy
For example: a ball rolling down a hill converts its potential energy into kinetic energy.
Through careful analysis, scientists have determined that the total energy of a system must be conserved.
This means that energy cannot be created or destroyed by any process. But energy can be interconverted from one form to another.
This also means that the energy of the universe must be held constant.
Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry is the study of heat change in chemical reactions.
Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies that are at different temperatures.
To use thermochemistry we need to define our system and surroundings.
The system is the part of the universe we are interested in studying.
The system can be open, closed, or isolated.
An open system allows for mass and energy to transfer.
A closed system allows for energy to transfer but not mass.
An isolated system will not allow mass nor energy to transfer.
The surroundings are everything else.
Chemical processes
A chemical process can be either endothermic or exothermic.
An endothermic process is a process in which heat has to be supplied to the system in order for the reaction to proceed.An exothermic process is a process in which heat is released by the system when the reaction proceeds.
Thermodynamics
Thermochemistry is a subtopic in the much broader area of thermodynamics.
Thermodynamics is interested in studying changes in the state of a system.
States of a system are the values for all of the relevant macroscopic properties
Examples: composition, energy, temperature, pressure, and volume.
Thermodynamics is governed by four laws.For our topic though, we are only interested in the first law
The First LawThe first law of thermodynamics is basically a restatement of the conservation of mass.
States that the energy gained or given off by the system must be absorbed or given off to the surroundings.Can be rewritten to give ΔE=q + w.
q is the symbol for the heat
q=msΔT
m is mass
s is specific heat
ΔT is the change in temperature
w is the symbol for work
w=F x d
F is the force and d is the distance that force is applied
For next time
We will talk about enthalpy changesHow to calculate them
What they stand for
CalorimetryConstant volume
Constant pressure
What each of these calculate