third-generation information architecture november 4, 2008
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Enterprise Information Management
Third-generation information architecture
November 4, 2008
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A Few Definitions Enterprise
• an organization created for business ventures Information Technology
• the use of computers and software to manage information
• an industry Information Architecture
• a fundamental approach to organizing information in digital environments
• a profession in its own right
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Enterprise Information Management (EIM)
“a field that specializes in finding solutions for optimal use of information within organizations, for instance to support decision-making processes or day-to-day operations that require the availability of knowledge” http://www.wikipedia.org
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The Challenge Corporations always want to increase
profits and reduce costs Information — about customers, products,
financials, business processes, partners, and employees can be used to improve customer intimacy, reduce costs, improve products, and mitigate risks
Despite realizing its importance, enterprises struggle to effectively manage and use structured and unstructured information
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1st and 2nd Generation IA
System /
Focused on technology solutions rather than use of information
1st Generation IA1970 – 1980
Stand alone applications
2nd Generation IA1990s
Integrated set of components
System /
System /
System /
System /
System /
System /
System /
System /
System /
Application
Application
Application
Application
Application
Application
Application
Application
Application
Application
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Information is Everywhere Different information can
be found in different places across the enterprise
Some information is more secure than other
There are different types of formats and storage of information
Information is accessed in different ways
• Information can be found in – Personal computer hard drives– Shared drives– Databases– Thumb drives– Application servers
• Information is organized in different ways
– By application– By user– By function– By supporting structure– By business unit
• Information comes in different formats– Documents (.doc, .xls, .pdf, xml, etc.)– Diagrams (.gif, .vsd, .bmp, etc.)– Sound, video– Etc.
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Enterprise Information Management Purpose
Provide access to current, correct information to operate the business and facilitate decision making
Manage information as a business asset to ensure that its value is maximized and protected
Meet changing requirements from business units more rapidly and effectively
Improve the ability to recover information in the event of business interruption
Improve adherence to compliance policies and regulations
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Evolution
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Enterprise Architecture Set of models, standards and
practices Related to process, information and
technology Derived from the business challenges
that set the context for information technology activities
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Examples of EA Frameworks
Gartner EA Framework
Zachman Framework
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Enterprise Architecture
Scope
Technology, as a foundation, needs to be driven by the needs of the business
Org
aniza
tion
Proc
ess
Info
rmati
on
Capability
Systems Architecture
Geo
grap
hy
Business Context& Direction
Technology
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Enterprise Information Architecture
Scope
Technology, as a foundation, needs to be driven by the needs of the business
Org
aniza
tion
Proc
ess
Info
rmati
on
Capability
Systems Architecture
Geo
grap
hy
Business Context& Direction Information
Technology
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Enterprise Information Architecture Cycle
Scope
Org
aniza
tion
Proc
ess
Info
rmati
on
Capability
Systems Architecture
Geo
grap
hyBusiness Context
& Direction
Information
Technology
Business Requirements
Dimensions
Tools
Implementation
Feedback
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3rd Generation IA late 1990’s and 2000’s
The kinds of information and content:• Structured and unstructured
documents• Tacit knowledge• Non-document-based content
(images & animation)• Policies and procedures• Technologies that support content
creation and dissemination (search, CM, portals, etc.)
The ways that content is structured such as:• Metadata• Taxonomies• Controlled vocabularies• Semantic networks• Ontologies• Social network analysis representations• Knowledge and topic maps• And other advanced knowledge
representations
Systems and Applications
Semantic Infrastructure
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Conclusion Corporation’s recognize the need to manage
information across the enterprise Managing information is not only a technology
issue any longer Information architects are applying IA methods
to business problems beyond the web A number of different disciplines are
incorporating information management skills as part of their job requirements, among others are:
• Enterprise Architects• Business Analysts• Product Managers• Program Managers
• Solution Architects• Web Community Managers• Records Management
Managers
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Questions
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References Third-Generation Information Architecture by
Roger and Elaine Evernden, Communications of the ACM, March 2003 Vol. 46 No. 3
How To Tackle An Enterprise Information Management Strategy by Barry Murphy Forrester, January 3, 2006
Enterprise Information Architecture: A Semantic and Organizational Foundation by Tom Reamy, BoxesandArrows, November 11, 2006
Laughing at the CIO; A Parable and Prescription for IT Leadership by Bob Boiko, 2007
The Zachman Institute for Framework Advancement, http://www.zifa.com/