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Cerebellum
MHD – Neuroanatomy Module
February 8, 2016
Gregory Gruener, MD, MBA
Vice Dean for Education, SSOM
Professor & Associate Chair, Department of Neurology
LUHS/Trinity Health and Catholic Health East
Outline Major organizational divisions
Identify cerebellar peduncles and deep nuclei
List afferent and efferent components
Define the origins of the mossy and climbing fibers
Describe the “wiring diagram” of the cerebellum
Define the functional components of the cerebellum
Describe the somatotopic maps of the cerebellum
Outcomes you need to be able to demonstrate
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Lancet Neurol 2014; 13: 100–12
Inputs Cerebellar Cortex
Nuclei Outputs
“Afferent” informationVestibularProprioceptive & skin receptor informationSensorimotor cortexAuditory systemVisual system
CoordinationCorrection of current movements to match
those intended
Information ProcessingMossy & Climbing fibers
Enter the Cerebellar cortex
Purkinje cells
Deep nuclei
Motor SystemsVestibular nuclei
ThalamusRed nucleus
(reticular formation)No direct connection to
the spinal cord
Cerebellum overview
http://www.bartleby.com/107/illus702.html
Fitzgerald MJT, Gruener G, Mtui E. Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neuroscience, 6th Ed., W. B. Saunders 2012
Nolte J. The Human Brain, 6th ed., 2009
Cerebellum overview – gross anatomy
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http://www.bartleby.com/107/illus702.html
Cerebellum overview – MRI “anatomy”
Cerebellum overview – MRI “anatomy”
Cerebellum overview – MRI “anatomy”
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Cerebellum overview – MRI “anatomy”
Cerebellum overview – gross anatomy
Horizontal fissure
Molson Medical Informatics Project M. Afferents to the Cerebellum. MedEdPORTAL; 2008. Available from: www.mededportal.org/publication/904
midline
Cerebellum overview – cerebellar peduncles
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Castro, Merchut, Neafsey, Wurster; Neuroscience: An Outline Approach, 2002
Grimaldi G, Manto M. Topography of Cerebellar Deficits in Humans. Cerebellum 11:336–351, 2012
Cerebellum overview – somatotopic anatomy
One to remember
Siegel A, Sparu HN. Essential Neuroscience, 3rd Ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2015
Cerebellum overview – cerebellar peduncles
Superior cerebellarpeduncle
Middle cerebellarpeduncle
Inferior cerebellarpeduncle
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
AfferentsInferior olivary nucleusVestibular nucleiSpinal cord Trigeminal nucleiReticular formation
Cerebellar efferentsVestibular nuclei
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Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
Afferents:Cerebral cortex
“For the detailed minded among you”
Afferents:Anterior Spinocerebellar tract
Cerebellar efferentsOriginate from the deep cerebellar
nuclei
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
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Castro, Merchut, Neafsey, Wurster; Neuroscience: An Outline Approach, 2002
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Cerebellum – flocculonodular lobe (input & output)
Castro, Merchut, Neafsey, Wurster; Neuroscience: An Outline Approach, 2002
Medial hemisphere
(Uncinate fasciculus)
Cerebellum – vermis (input & output)
Castro, Merchut, Neafsey, Wurster; Neuroscience: An Outline Approach, 2002
Cerebellum – hemisphere (input & output)
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Molecular layerMainly axons and dendrites• Basket cells – axons synapse
on the Purkinje cell body• Stellate cells – axons synapse
on Purkinje cell dendrites
Purkinje cell layer
• Purkinje cells – only axonsthat leave the cerebellar cortex
Granular layer• Granular cells – send their axons into the molecular layer as parallel fibers
White matter
Cerebellum overview – microscopic anatomy
Nolte J and Sundsten. The Human Brain: An introduction to its functional anatomy. 6th
edition, 2010; Mosby Elsevier
Cerebellum overview – microscopic anatomy
Gray’s anatomy: The anatomical basis of clinical practice, 40th edition; Churchill Livingstone, London
Cerebellum overview – microscopic anatomy
Climbingfibre
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http://www.astralgia.com/webportfolio/omnimoment/live_science/purkwrld/gifs/layers.jpg
http://24.media.tumblr.com/RKBSJS2N6p56m2a3p28K7ab7o1_400.gif
Granule cell
Cerebellum overview – microscopic anatomy
Neuroscience. 2nd edition.Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al., editors. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 20012
Cerebellum overview – microscopic anatomy