This presentation premiered at WaterSmart Innovations

watersmartinnovations.com

Using Water Use Metrics and Benchmarking to Target ICI Customers

H.W (Bill) Hoffman –Frontier Associatesbillhoffmantx@earthlink.net

512-294-7193

Presented at WaterSmart Innovations 2015

The water industry is entering the era of BIG DATA!

• AMI metering

• Portfolio manager data base now includes water use

• The new LEED requires sub metering and five years of water use data to be sent to the USGBC

• Many States have intensified water use data gathering

• New billing systems are becoming much more data rich

What will be covered

1. Time Series Analysis;

2. Utility ICI Sales and Use;

3. How water is actually used; and

4. Benchmarking ICI water use.

Time Series Analysis

0% 10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Shower

Commercial Toiltes

Residential Clothes Washers

Pre-Rinse Spray Valves

Residential Toilets

Residential Dish Washers

Commercial Dish Washers

Urinals

Percent Reduction in Use From Best in Class

Reduction in Water Use Since 1980 for Appliances and Plumbing Fixtures

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Bill

ions

of G

al./D

ay

Gal

./Per

son/

Day

Public and Domestic Water UseUSGS 2014

US Per Capita Use (gpcd) Total Municipal/Domestic Use

New York City

110

130

150

170

190

210

230

250

270

290

31019

85

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Gal

lons

per

Per

son

per D

ayLarge Texas Cities

Austin, Dallas, Fort Worth, San Antonio, El Paso & HoustonSource: TWDB

Austin Dallas Fort Worth Houston El Paso San Antonio

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

32019

85

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Gal

lons

per

Per

son

per D

ayMid Size Texas Cities 100,000 - 250,000 Population

Abilene, Amarillo, Beaumont, Grand Prairie, & LubbockSource:TWDB

Abilene Amarillo Beaumont Brownsville Grand Prairie Lubbock

August Austin Actual vs Fitted vs Average Water Consumption

100120140160180200220240260280300320340360380400420440460480500520540

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Gal

lon

per P

erso

n pe

r Day

Actual fitted Average

Pasadena, Texas Actual vs Fitted vs Average Water Consumption for August

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Gal

lon

Per P

erso

n Pe

r Day

Actual fitted Average

59%64%

67% 68% 67%

59%

52%56%

58% 58%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Perc

ent O

ccup

ancy

Gal

lons

per

Squ

are

Foot

per

Yea

r

Hotel and Motel Water Use Factors for Phoenix - 2003 to 2012

Percent Occupancy Motel Adjusted for Occupancy Motel Unadjusted for Occupancy

Hotel Adjusted for Occupancy Hotel Unadjusted for Occupancy

Hospital Water Use in PhoenixFrom a special study – Phoenix Medical Facilities 2014

Down in the weeds look at how water is actually used.

http://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/types.html#tabs-office

http://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/types.html#tabs-restaurantshttp://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/types.html#tabs-hospitals

http://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/types.html#tabs-hotels

EPA WaterSense National Averages

Two Hospitals from Across the Nation

Cooling Towers

43%

Toilets20%

Other Plumbing

8%Food

Service8%

Medical Equip.

9%

Leaks & Other

8%Boilers

4%

Florida

Cooling Towers

49%

Domestic41% Food

Service4%

Medical Equip.

1%

Irrigation5%

Arizona

Cooling Tower53%

All Other Uses47%

Eleven Office Buildings in Austin, Texas

Grocery Store Water Use in California

Pacific Institute

Cooling Tower49%

Other22%

Irrigation3%

Kitchen9%

Domestic17%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Courthouse Hotel University Offices Hospital

Summary of Audits of 30 Large Facilities with Cooling Towers in Downtown Fort Worth Texas

Water Management , Inc.

OtherIrrigationDomesticCooling

0 50 100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

ChemicalsSteam Electric

Petroleum RefiningMining

OtherPaper Mfg.Food Mfg.

Primary MetalComputers/ Electronics

Thousands of Acre Feet per Year

Industrial Water Use in Texas 2011

1.84 million acre feet per year

Cooling Boiler Other

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

Oct

-10

Nov

-10

Dec

-10

Jan-

11Fe

b-11

Mar

-11

Apr

-11

May

-11

Jun-

11Ju

l-11

Aug

-11

Sep-

11O

ct-1

1N

ov-1

1D

ec-1

1Ja

n-12

Feb-

12M

ar-1

2A

pr-1

2M

ay-1

2Ju

n-12

Jul-1

2A

ug-1

2Se

p-12

Oct

-12

Gal

lons

per

Mon

thLarge Office Building

0500,000

1,000,0001,500,0002,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,0004,000,000

Oct

…N

ov…

Dec

…Ja

n…Fe

b…M

ar…

Apr…

Ma…

Jun…

Jul-1

1Au

g…Se

p…O

ct…

Nov

…D

ec…

Jan…

Feb…

Mar

…Ap

r…M

a…Ju

n…Ju

l-12

Aug…

Sep…

Oct

…

Gal

lons

per

Mon

th

Large Medical Center

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Oct

-10

Nov

-10

Dec

-10

Jan-

11Fe

b-11

Mar

-11

Apr-1

1M

ay-…

Jun-

11Ju

l-11

Aug-

11Se

p-11

Oct

-11

Nov

-11

Dec

-11

Jan-

12Fe

b-12

Mar

-12

Apr-1

2M

ay-…

Jun-

12Ju

l-12

Aug-

12Se

p-12

Oct

-12

Nov

-12

Gal

lons

per

Mon

th

Large Dormitory

Monthly Cooling Tower Use Examples in Austin Texas

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

2,000,000

2,200,000

2,400,000

Oct

-10

Nov

-10

Dec

-10

Jan-

11Fe

b-11

Mar

-11

Apr-1

1M

ay-1

1Ju

n-11

Jul-1

1Au

g-11

Sep-

11O

ct-1

1N

ov-1

1D

ec-1

1Ja

n-12

Feb-

12M

ar-1

2Ap

r-12

May

-12

Jun-

12Ju

l-12

Aug-

12Se

p-12

Oct

-12

Nov

-12

Gal

lons

per

Mon

th

Large Hotel

Utility ICI Sales and UseA Texas Example

Steam Elec4%

Manufacturing9%

Mining2%

Mun27%

Ag58%

Texas Water Use - 201018.1 million Ac-Ft per Year

6%10%10%

11%15%

20%21%21%21%

23%23%

24%25%

28%29%29%

30%31%

32%33%33%

35%39%

41%41%

42%45%

23%

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%

22%

24%

26%

28%

30%

32%

34%

36%

38%

40%

42%

44%

46%

BeaumontBrownsville

HoustonCorpus Christi

LaredoAustin

Grand PraireSan Antonio

LongviewWaco

DallasWichita Falls

AbileneFort Worth

IrvingCarrollton

TylerArlington

RichardsonEl PasoGarland

PlanoFrisco

MidlandDenton

LubbockAmarillo

Use Weighted…

Percent Above Winter Use

Volume Percent of Municipal Use that is Above Winter (Jan, Feb, Dec) Use – 10 year average

Source: Texas Water Development Board Draft Report

79

90

85

74

69

88

76

62

73

82

159

170

159

175

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260

Medium Utilities (237)

Medium-Large Utilities3 (31)

Large Utilities (30)

Medium Significant ICI1 Utilities (27)

Metropolitan Utilities

Medium-Large Significant ICI Utilities (5)

Large Significant ICI Utilities (5)

Gallons per Person per Day

Water Use of Texas UtilitiesTWDB 2015 - SB 181 Report

Residential GPCD ICI & Other GPCD

Residential Indoor22%

ResidentialIrrigation

15%

Residential Leak Loss

3%

Mun. System Leak Loss10%

Com./Inst. Outdoor3%

Com./Inst. Indoor

12%

Mun. Supplied Industrial9%

Steam Electric11%

Mining4% Manufacturing

Self Supp.16%

Non-Agricultural Water Use in Texas

ICI = 55%

Municipal29%

Self Supplied71%

Fresh Water Sources for Industry in Texas1.84 Million Acre Feet a Year

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

ReligiousIndustrial Warehouse

Other Educational BldgService Station-Repair Garage

Correctional FacilityAmusment-Recreation-Athletic

Other Group ShelterSancturay

Commercial WarehouseFood Stores

CollegesSchools

Service Est.Resturant/ Bar

HealthcareHotel

All OtherRetail

Offices

Millions of Gallons per Day (MGD)

Water Use by Commercial/Institutional UsersAustin, Texas Study

Red = Food Svc.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Jan-

01

Mar

-01

May

-01

Jul-0

1

Sep-

01

Nov

-01

Jan-

02

Mar

-02

May

-02

Jul-0

2

Sep-

02

Nov

-02

Jan-

03

Mar

-03

May

-03

Jul-0

3

Sep-

03

Nov

-03

Jan-

04

Mar

-04

May

-04

Jul-0

4

Sep-

04

Nov

-04

Mill

ions

of G

allo

ns p

er D

ayAverage Monthly Water Sales by Group

2001 - 2004

Residential Apartments Commercial Industrial Wholesale

Benchmarking ICI water use

Summary of Six United States Studies Reporting Water Use by Gallons per Square Foot of Heated Space per Year

Type of Facility

EPA Portfolio Manager1

University of Florida2

Santa Fe, New Mexico3

Colorado Water Wise - Brendle

Group.4

AWWA End Use Study

2000 5Austin 20136

Gallons per Square Foot of Heated Space per Year

Restaurants 221 173 to 211 130 to 330 215

Senior Care Facilities 61 106 62 to 101

Hotels 54 85 79 to 165 60 to115 72

Hospitals 52 31 58Grocery/Supermarkets 24 95 36 52to 64Medical Offices 19 34 49Offices 13 20 26 9 to 15 19Banking/Financial 12 89Court House 11K-12 Schools 10 20 12 to 19 8 to 16Houses of Worship 7 15

Retail/Shopping Centers 5 32 20

Unrefrigerated Warehouses 3 8

Summary of Hospital Water Use Coefficients from Various Studies

Study Gal/Bed/DayGal/Sq. Ft/Yr.

Average BestFederal Facilities Average 125Univ. of Florida Study 31United Kingdom -Large Teaching 41 34UK Small Acute or Long Stay 29 22

UK Small Acute or Long Stay With Laundry 39 31North Carolina Rule of Thumb 300ASHE 2002 Study 471Energy Star Portfolio Mgr. 315Victoria Public Health Service - Australia 39 17Health Estate Journal - United Kingdom 87US Energy Information Adm. 2007 study 395 68

City of Austin (9 largest medical Facilities) 335 58 18

Summary of Restaurant Water Use Coefficients from Various Studies

Source of Information Best Gal./Meal

Avg. Gal./ Meal

Gal./ sq. ft./ Year

Best Gal./ Seat/ Day

Avg. Gal./ Seat/ Day

Florida (Univ. of Fl.) Restaurant 270Florida (Univ. of Fl.) Fast Food 240

Colorado Study (Brendle Group) 192 29 53

USA (2000 AWWARF) 9 to 12 130 to 331 20 to 30 Bolder Colorado 125 49Danamark.com (Canada) 8 to 9 U of Kansas (M. Vanschenkhof) 12.8 266

South Australia study and Sydney Water 9 to 12

North Carolina 20 to 40 Austin Study (Full Svc.) 173 31Austin Study (Fast Food) 257 39Phoenix (Full Svc. 2012) 195Phoenix (Fast Food, 2012) 230

1 15 29 43 57 71 85 99 113

127

141

155

169

183

197

211

225

239

Gal

lons

per

Bed

Hospitals2002 ASHE Study

Do You see a Pattern

Here?

0

20

40

60

80

1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73

GPC

D

Elementary Schools in a District in Texas

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111 121 131 141 151 161 171 181 191 201

Gal

lons

per

Sea

t per

Day

Gal

lons

per

Day

Analysis of 211 Austin Full Service Restaurants

Gallons per Day Gallons per Seat per Day

Senior Living Facilities in PhoenixFrom a special study – Phoenix Medical Facilities 2014

0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.02.2

Aug.2010

Sept.2010

Oct.2010

Nov.2010

Dec.2010

Jan.2011

Feb.2011

Mar.2011

Apr.2011

May.2011

June.2011

July.2011

Aug.2011

Mill

ions

of G

allo

ns p

er D

ayRestaurant Total Water Use in Austin, Texas

from August 2010 through August 2011

Separate Irrigation Use Restaurant Use

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

Thou

sand

of G

allo

ns p

er M

onth

Example of Water Use 13 Almost Identical Fast Food Restaurants in the Same Chain

Inside Use Irrigation

5.44.9

4.0 4.2

3.53.0

3.84.1

4.95.2

6.2 6.26.5

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.57.0

Aug.2010

Sept.2010

Oct.2010

Nov.2010

Dec.2010

Jan.2011

Feb.2011

Mar.2011

Apr.2011

May.2011

June.2011

July.201

Aug.2011

Mill

ions

of G

allo

ns p

er D

ay

Office Water Use in Austinfrom August 2010 through August 2011

43

35

26

17

9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1 2 3 4 5

Gal

lons

per

Squ

are

Foot

per

Yea

r

Star Rating (1 - minimum, 5 - best)

The National Australian Built Environmental Ratings Scheme (NABERS) for Offices

18

22

26

18

22

26

31 31

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

High Rise Large Medium Small

Gal

lons

per

Squ

are

Foot

per

Yea

r

Water Use Benchmarks for Office Buildings in Austin Texas – FY 2011

Median Average

74

110

124133 135

149161

188

228

31

4654

6171

7889 93

107

53

6779 84

94102

112

126

159

0102030405060708090

100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Gal

lons

per

Roo

m p

er D

ayAnalysis of Gallons per Room per Day for Hotels in Austin, Texas FY 2011

Full Svc. Hotel - N=27 Limited Svc. Hotel - N=40 Motel - N=53

13

710

1316

1821

26

33

51

70

85

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2% 5% 10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

95%

98%

Gal

lons

per

Squ

are

Foot

per

Yea

r

Percent of Buildings in Sample

New York City Office Building Use - 2013538 Buildings in Sample

0

50

100

150

200

250

Southwest West Central Southeast Northeast

Gal

lons

per

Occ

upie

d Ro

om p

er D

ay

Region

Average Usage per Occupied Room per Day

Based on over 300 hotels nation wide

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Southwest West Central Southeast Northeast

Gal

lons

per

Squ

are

Foot

per

Yea

r

Region

Average Annual Usage per Square Foot

Based on over 300 hotels nation wide

Regional Comparisons

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

Phoenix (allRestaurants)

New York (allRestaurants)

Austin FastFood Austin FullService

Austin (allRestaurants)

Gal

lons

per

Res

taur

ant p

er D

ay

Average Daily Water Use for Restaurants in Different Cities

A Large Chinese Buffet Restaurant

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Sep-

03O

ct-0

3No

v-03

Dec-

03Ja

n-04

Feb-

04M

ar-0

4Ap

r-04

May

-04

Jun-

04Ju

l-04

Aug-

04Se

p-04

Oct

-04

Nov-

04De

c-04

Jan-

05Fe

b-05

Mar

-05

Apr-0

5M

ay-0

5Ju

n-05

Jul-0

5Au

g-05

Sep-

05

1,00

0's

of G

al. /M

onth

Benchmarking Energy and Water Use In Commercial Buildings

The Star indicates benchmarking water use.

SB 700 requires that the Texas State Energy Conservation Office

(SECO) to benchmark energy and water use in State Facilities and State supported Institutions of

Higher Education.

Beverage Industry Environmental RoundtableBIER

Conclusion• The numbers can help determine the effectiveness of your program;

• The numbers can help identify area in the ICI community that off great potential;

• The numbers can help identify what areas within a facility offer the greatest potential for savings;

• The numbers can tell how much of the water you sell is used by which sector; and

• The numbers can help identify specific entities that may offer the largest potential.

But you have to put the numbers together!

Are you ready for this avalanche of BIG DATA, and are you capable of analyzing

the information?

The

End

Using Water Use Metrics and Benchmarking to Target ICI Customers

H.W (Bill) Hoffman –Frontier Associatesbillhoffmantx@earthlink.net

512-294-7193

Presented at WaterSmart Innovations 2015