This report was prepared according to the 2009 financial year of the Royal Thai Government, from 1 October 2008 – 30 September 2009.

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Annual Report 2009

National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)ISBN 978-616-12-0071-8First Edition May 2010Number of copies printed 300

Copyright © 2009 byNational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand

Published by

National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)

113 Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong LuangPathumthani 12120, Thailand

Tel: (66-2) 5646700Fax: (66-2) 5646701-5Website: http://www.biotec.or.th

National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. Annual report 2009 National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. – Pathumthani : National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 2010. 70 p. : ill. ISBN: 978-616-12-0071-8

1. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology – Annual report. 2.Genetic engineering. 3. Biotechnology. I. Annual report (National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology)

354.593

CONTENTS

Message from the BIOTEC Executive Director 5

Facts and Figures 7

Research and Development 13

Commercialization and Private Sector Partnership 29

Human Resource Development 33

Public Awareness 39

International Collaboration 43

Impact of BIOTEC’s Output 47

Appendices 53

List of Publications 54

List of Patent and Petty Patent Applications 64

Honors and Awards 66

Executives and Management Team 68

Marching into its 26th year, BIOTEC is keeping to its vision of being a dependable partner for accelerating growth towards a knowledge-based society through the use of biotechnology. This year, we established new research collaboration activities with seven companies and entered into new research contracts with ten companies/organizations. Among these partners and clients are Thailand’s large business conglomerates, as well as international companies from abroad.

On the scientific front, BIOTEC still strives for excellence in science while maintaining its relevance to the national agenda outlined by the government. For example, members of our staff won a Grand Challenges Exploration (GCE) grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in May 2009 for their work in synthesizing new dual-mode inhibitors of

dihydrofolate reductase (pfDHFR), so important in the battle against malaria. At the same time the research team focusing on rice improvement developed new rice varieties with increased tolerance to environmental stresses and resistance to pests and diseases. This demonstrates our commitment to both research and ensuring the benefits of this research are relevant to the Thai people.

To facilitate the flow of research results to commercial outputs, this year BIOTEC launched the “Prototype Development Fund” for researchers to further develop their prototypes or fine tune their technologies. This new scheme will hopefully narrow the gap between discovery and commercialization. Currently several prototypes have been completed and are being field tested or offered to potential customers.

2009 has also been a good year for BIOTEC for gaining international exposure. BIOTEC hosted three international conferences bringing almost 300 foreign scientists to Thailand to interact with local scientists.

Human resource development has always been high on our agenda. Apart from regular training workshops, BIOTEC used its laboratories as a training ground to foster graduate students and young researchers.This year, we had 7 post-doc fellows, 290 M.Sc. students and 154 Ph.D. students working in our labs. In addition, over 50 foreign students and researchers were trained in our labs over the past year.

BIOTEC is committed to research and development to strengthen Thailand’s competitiveness, complemented by technology transfer and development of human resources and infrastructure in biotechnology with the outcomes that have beneficial impact on society and the economy. We look forward to working with existing and new partners in the year to come.

Dr. Kanyawim Kirtikara Executive Director, BIOTEC

MESSAGE FROM THE BIOTEC EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

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FI URES

FACTS

AND

BIOTEC was first set up under the Ministry for Science, Technology and Energy on 20 September 1983. After the establishment of the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) on 30 December 1991, BIOTEC became one of the NSTDA centers, operating outside the normal framework of civil service and state enterprises. This enabled the Center to operate more effectively to support and transfer technology for the development of industry, agriculture, natural resources, environment and consequently the social and economic well-being of Thai people.

As a premier research institute in Thailand and Asia, BIOTEC operates research units located at Thailand Science Park and specialized laboratories hosted by various universities, covering a wide spectrum of research topics from agricultural science to biomedical science and environmental science. Apart from research laboratories, BIOTEC activities also include policy research, an outreach program, training and international relations.

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ORGANIZATION

• Planning Division• Evaluation & Monitoring Unit• Budgeting Section• Policy Study and Biosafety Unit• Rural Development Technology Service Unit• Intelligence Unit• Management Information Systems • Public Relations Section• International Cooperation Division• Organization Development Section• Facility Management Section• Procurement Section

• Research Units located at Thailand Science Park• BIOTEC’s Satellite Units located at universities and other government departments

• Development Units• Business Development and Technology Transfer

• Training Unit• Platform Technology Management

BIOTEC has established multiple laboratories for conducting research and/or providing technical services. Presently, three research units act as stand-alone facilities at Thailand Science Park, while others are collaborative ventures set up jointly with government agencies and universities.

Research Units

HRD and Platform Technology Management Division

BIOTEC

Research Units

Business Unit

Administration

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Research Units

BIOTEC Central Research Unit

at Thailand Science Park

Medical Biotechnology Research Program

• Protein-Ligand Engineering and Molecular Biology Laboratory • Anti-Tuberculous Drug Research Laboratory

Agricultural Biotechnology Research Program

• Food Biotechnology Laboratory • Monoclonal Antibody Production Laboratory

• Animal Physiology Laboratory • Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory

• Virology and Cell Technology Laboratory• Microarray Laboratory

• Starch Biosynthesis Laboratory • Plant Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory

• Plant Molecular Genetics Laboratory• Plant Research Group

Bioresources Technology Unit

Bioresources Management Program

• BIOTEC Culture Collection Laboratory • Biotechnology Law

Discovery Program

• Microbial Cell Factory Laboratory• Bioresources Research Laboratory

• Bioassay Laboratory• Enzyme Technology Laboratory

• Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Laboratory• Microbial Engineering Laboratory

Microorganism Program

• Mycology Laboratory • Phylogenetics Laboratory

Information Systems Program

• Information Systems Laboratory• Geoinformatics Laboratory

• Ecology Laboratory

Genome Institute

• Sequencing Laboratory• Proteomics Laboratory

• Biostatistics and Informatics Laboratory

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Development Units

Development units have been established by BIOTEC for new activities with high commercial potential. These are full scale business and production operations designed to demonstrate the commercial viability of technologies to prospective investors.

• Shrimp Biotechnology Business Unit (SBBU)

• Dairy Cattle Production Research and Business Development Project

• Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center (SGIC)

• Pilot Plant for Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) Production

Research Units

• Biochemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Research and Development Unit (BEC) - at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT)

• Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management (ECoWaste) - at the King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT)

• Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit - at Kasetsart University

• Rice Gene Discovery Unit - at Kasetsart University

• Medical Biotechnology Research Unit - at Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital

• Biomedical Technology Research Center - at Chiang Mai University

• Center of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology - at Chulalongkorn University

• Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp - at Chulalongkorn University

• Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp) - at Mahidol University

• Peat Swamp and Rainforest Research Station - in Narathiwat Province

BIOTEC’s Satellite Units

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BUDGET AND EXPENDITUREFor FY 2009, BIOTEC’s budget totaled 974.50 million baht, of which 734 million baht was allocated through NSTDA and 240.5 million baht from the Tonkla Archeep Program (a government special program to provide vocational training to the workforce affected by economic downturn).

BIOTEC’s expenditure was 764.94 million baht.

Breakdown of Expenditures (764.94 MB)

Internal management

(102.56 MB)

13%

Technology transfer

(9.24MB)

1%

Infrastructure

(24.41 MB)

3%

Human resource development

(166.43 MB)

22%

Research and development

(462.30 MB)

61%

During the period, BIOTEC earned an income of 442.17 million baht, of which 111.81 million baht was in the form of research grants from NSTDA’s Cluster and Program Management Office (CPMO), on a competitive basis, and 330.36 million baht from external sources.

Income from External Funding Sources (330.36 million Baht)

Tonkla Archeep(vocational training provision)

(240.50) 74%

Royalty fees

(1.55)0%

Technical service

(23.93)7%

Researchfund

(44.27) 13%

Contract and collalorative reseacrh

(12.82) 4%

Training/seminar/conference

(7.29)2%

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HUMAN RESOURCESDuring FY 2009, BIOTEC employed a total of 534 staff. In addition, there were 114 FTE university staff, 7 post-doc fellows, 290 M.Sc. students and 154 Ph.D. students working in BIOTEC research laboratories.

BIOTEC Staff by Education

PUBLICATIONSBIOTEC produced 199 publications, with 13 published in journals with impact factor values higher than 4.

PATENTSBIOTEC filed 32 patent and 5 petty patent applications. One patent entitled “Antimalarial derivative, 5-aryl-6-substituted-2,4-diaminopyrimidine and process of preparation thereof” was granted by Thailand’s Patent Office on 16 October 2008.

HONORS AND AWARDSBIOTEC researchers and affiliated staff were presented with 13 awards, both locally and internationally.

B.Sc. (161)

30% Below B.S. (33)

6%

PhD. (145)

27%

M.Sc. (195)

37%Administrative (132)

25%Executives (8)

1%

Scientific and technical staff (394)

74%

BIOTEC Staff by Job Function

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DEVELOPMENT

RESEARCH

AND

BIOTEC’s R&D and technical program covers a wide spectrum of research topics from agricultural to biomedical sciences and from energy to environmental science. In addition to applied research, the Center also focuses on building up the nation’s capacity in platform technologies.

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HIGHLIGHTS ON SHRIMP BIOTECHNOLOGY

Novel and Inexpensive Application of RNAi Technology to Protect Shrimp from Viral Disease. Shrimp susceptibility to a variety of pathogens is a constant threat to aquaculture production thus cost-effective anti-viral strategies in shrimp are needed to increase production efficiency and prevent economic loss.

A research team at the Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp) has demonstrated a cost-effective method for delivering RNAi-based immunity to large shrimp populations. Long sequences of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) have recently been used to enhance viral resistance, through an RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism, in shrimp aquaculture. A new design of hairpin-RNA expression vector, followed by transformation into RNase-deficient E.coli HT115, offers a quick preparation of a large amount of long dsRNA (normally >300 nt). This strategy reduces a 3-step process to a 2-step cloning of hairpin construct into DNA expression cassette, thus bypassing difficulties in joining a small “loop” piece into a large “carrier” vector. The 2-step cloning method has several advantages in simpler, low cost production of large quantities of hairpin dsRNA targeting specific genes of interest for RNA silencing applications. Yellow Head Virus (YHV), the cause of a lethal shrimp disease, was chosen as the model to test the new method. Viral protection by specific dsRNA demonstrates the potential of dsRNA produced by 2-step-cloning hairpin cassette as an immune stimulant in shrimp. This work was filed for Thai patent on April 24, 2009, and was published in the Journal of Virological Methods.

E.coli

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Combination of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) and Lateral Flow Dipstick (LFD) Techniques for Detection of Shrimp Virus. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay is a novel method of gene amplification that amplifies nucleic acid with high specificity, sensitivity and rapidity, which can be applied for disease diagnosis in shrimp aquaculture. The method is performed under isothermal conditions with at least four specially designed primers that recognize six distinct sequences of the target. During recent years, however, diagnostic tests based on nucleic acid amplification by the LAMP, followed by electrophoretic analysis of the products, have been introduced.

BIOTEC researchers at Centex Shrimp have developed a simple, rapid and sensitive assay that allows visual detection and confirmation of the amplified sequences by hybridization within minutes. The assay was performed by a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) format and does not require special instrumentation. With Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV) and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) as models, the test resulted in a total assay time of approximately 50 minutes. Detection sensitivity was comparable to other commonly-used methods for nested PCR detection but had the additional advantages of reduced assay time, confirmation of amplicon identity by hybridization and elimination of electrophoresis with carcinogenic ethidium bromide. This technology has been licensed to the Shrimp Biotechnology Business Unit (SBBU) for commercial production and marketing.

Shrimp Competitive Index. Thailand has been the leading exporter of shrimp and shrimp products to the world market. To maintain the leading position, BIOTEC and the National Shrimp Cluster Board supported the development of the Shrimp Competitive Index (SCI). This index helps monitor the competitive level of Thai industry compared to global competitors. The SCI shows that the investment in black tiger shrimp in both R&D and production is a sound business decision for Thailand.

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HIGHLIGHTS ON RICE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Identification of a Novel QTL for Blast Resistance. Rice blast, caused by the fungus Pyricularia grisea, is one of the most devastating diseases in rice growing areas worldwide. Utilization of resistant cultivars is the most effective, economical and environmentally friendly way for control of the disease. However, resistance is often lost in a few years after new rice cultivars are released because of the high variability of the rice blast fungus. Therefore, the accurate map positions and tightly linked markers of blast resistance genes are required for the development of resistant cultivars. Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105), a Thai commercial aromatic rice cultivar, is very susceptible to blast disease, but it shows a high level of resistance to the particular blast isolate Pyricularia grisea, especially a Thai isolate B1-2.

A research team at the Rice Gene Discovery Unit has used microsatellite markers to identify the location of blast resistance genes in recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between ‘KDML105’ and ‘Jao Hom Nin (JHN)’. This study provided new information on a novel blast resistance gene identified in KDML105 and its tightly linked marker RM72 on the rice chromosome 8. This finding and linked markers will be useful for marker assisted selection in Thai rice breeding program and can be used as an initiation step for positional cloning.

Rice Crop Improvement. Rice has enormous economic value for Thai people. There are three ecosystems for rice production in Thailand including rain-fed lowland, irrigated lowland and upland. In rain-fed lowland, two famous varieties namely RD6, a glutinous rice and the non-glutinous rice Khao Dawk Mali 105 known as KDML105 are popularly grown by farmers and are mainly intended for consumption and commercial purposes. Although these varieties are highly adapted to the rain-fed lowland environments, various constraints threaten their productivity by decreasing yield and consequently affecting the livelihood of farmers in the area. Problems in rice production include damage from diseases and insects and stress from floods, drought and soil salinity.

Pyricularia grisea

Pyriculariagrisea

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A research team at the Rice Gene Discovery Unit, Rice Science Center at Kasetsart University and the Bureau of Rice Research and Development have joined together to improve KDML105 and RD6 against adverse conditions. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) was employed in developing lines to hasten the transfer of gene/QTL more efficiently. Lines developed passed through a plant type selection to ensure that they has similar agronomic characteristics to, or better than, KDML105 and RD6. Backcross introgression lines of KDML105 and RD6 with improved resistance to bacterial blight, blast, brown planthopper, flooding, salinity and drought were produced. Some improved lines appeared to have traits in combination such as tolerance to submergence and bacterial blight or submergence and brown planthopper and some with three traits combined together such as tolerance to submergence and resistance to bacterial blight and brown planthopper. The efficiency of MAS was shown to be effective in terms of faster line conversion.

The MAS has resulted in successful rice variety improvement and yielded several breeding lines of improved KDML105 and RD6. Some of the materials have advanced to farmers’ field trials such as KDML105 Submergence Tolerance, KDML105 Bacterial Blight Resistance, RD6 Blast Resistance, while others are at the stage of line development or evaluation in the research station.

List of improved lines KDML105 Drought resistance

KDML105 Salinity tolerance

KDML105 Brown planthopper resistance

KDML105 Bacterial leaf blight resistance (Xa21)

KDML105 Submergence and bacterial blight resistance

KDML105 Submergence and brown planthopper resistance

KDML105 Bacterial blight resistance and brown planthopper resistance

KDML105 Submergence, bacterial blight and brown planthopper resistance

RD6 Submergence tolerance

RD6 Blast resistance (non-aromatic)

RD6 Blast resistance (aromatic)

RD6 Blast and bacterial leaf blight resistance

RD6 Drought resistance

RD6 Brown planthopper resistance

RD6 Submergence tolerance and bacterial leaf blight resistance

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HIGHLIGHTS ON BIOSAFETY AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED PLANTS AND ORGANISMS

Development of Risk Assessment Protocols for GM Papaya and Tomato. BIOTEC prepared the blueprint for conducting field trials and food safety assessment of GM papaya and GM tomato. The protocols follow the international standards proposed by OECD and FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius. This blueprint has been endorsed by the Technical Biosafety Committee on 7 August 2009. Currently, it is being developed further into the national field trial guideline by the Department of Agriculture (DOA), an approval authority.

Biosafety Guidelines. BIOTEC, as the Secretariat to the Technical Biosafety Committee (TBC), has released a revised-edition of the Biosafety Guidelines for Work Related to Modern Biotechnology or Genetic Engineering and a new Guideline for Risk Assessment of Plants Carrying Stacked Genes. Both guidelines were distributed to Institutional Biosafety Committees, concerned government agencies, research and academic institutes and researchers working in this field.

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HIGHLIGHTS ON FOOD RESEARCH AND FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY

Industrial-scale Production of Low-cyanide Cassava Flour. For the purpose of food application, the cyanide content in flour is a very critical quality. The flour should contain less than 10 mg HCN equivalent kg-1 dry weight in order to comply with food safety standards, according to FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius. From the industrial point of view, the use of bitter type, high cyanide variety is more preferred due to the abundance and low cost of raw material.

A research team at the Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit has successfully developed a platform technology for production of low-cyanide cassava flour (below 10 mg per kg dry weight) from high cyanide cassava varieties at an industrial scale and also evaluated the flour quality for food application. A further developed technology to reduce the cyanide content of finished products to negligible levels can be achieved in a pilot trial as well under the collaboration with the private sector.

Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus and Associated Risk Factors in Nham, a Thai Fermented Pork Product. Food-borne bacterial pathogens continue to cause public health and economic concerns in Thailand and elsewhere. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent bacterial pathogens causing food-borne disease worldwide. Staphylococcal food poisoning is caused by ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) pre-formed in the contaminated food.

BIOTEC researchers have determined the incidences of S. aureus and associated risk factors in ‘Nham’, a traditional Thai fermented pork product. The presence of S. aureus showed significant dependence on brand/manufacturer and final pH of the product. High pH was the main risk factor for the presence of S. aureus in Nham. Proper fermentation of the product to pH less than 4.6, as well as additional refrigeration storage was shown to help reduce the number of S. aureus in Nham. This finding suggests that reduction of the S. aureus contamination can be done at both the manufacturer and the consumer ends. This work was subsequently reported in Food Microbiology.

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus

S. aureusS. aureus

S. aureus S. aureus

S. aureus

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HIGHLIGHTS ON DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY

Immunochromatographic (ICG) Strip Test for the Rapid Detection of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli in Plant Samples. The seed-borne bacterium Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac) causes fruit blotch in watermelons, resulting in severe losses in the production worldwide. The accurate diagnostic techniques are essential to epidemiological studies, disease management and quality control for exporting disease-free seed. Researchers at the BIOTEC Central Research Unit, in collaboration with Khon Kaen University and the Department of Agriculture, have successfully developed an accurate, specific, simple, rapid and inexpensive immunochromatographic strip test to detect Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac) in watermelons. The results from the ICG strip test concurred with those from ELISA and commercial test kits. ICG strip test has a limit of detection of 106 CFU/ml when tested with Aac spiked in the healthy plant sap. Its sensitivity is comparable to that of the commercial test kit. This ICG strip test could be used for efficient detection of Aac in naturally infected leaves and fruit of watermelons. The test is currently being evaluated for its efficiency in the field trial.

Multiplex Detection for Food-borne Pathogens Using Antibody Array. Pathogenic bacterial contaminations present serious problems for the food industry and public health and thus rapid, accurate and affordable assays are needed. BIOTEC researchers have developed an inexpensive antibody (Ab) array to simultaneously detect three highly-regulated food-borne pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes) using a novel chemiluminescent NanoDetector. Nitrocellulose-coated slides were used as solid support for antibody array construction. The sensitivities of detection for E.coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were compared to those of a standard ELISA method. No cross-reactivity in the detection among bacteria tested in this study was observed. Relative to other antibody-based methods, this system of antibody array in combination with the NanoDetector has advantages of a much shorter assay time of only 75 minutes and much lower amount of required antibodies. The ability of the Ab array system in detecting bacterial contamination in milk opens up more applications in different types of food. The Ab array system presents a convenient, inexpensive, time-effective, multiplexed alternative for detection for food-borne pathogens in the food industry. Part of this work was published in Biosensors and Bioelectronics.

Acidovorax avenaecitrulli Acidovorax avenae citrulli

Acidovorax avenae citrulli

Escherichia coli Salmonella Listeria monocytogenes

E.coliSalmonella L. monocytogenes

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HIGHLIGHTS ON MALARIA RESEARCH

Novel Inhibitors of Drug-Resistant Falciparum Malaria. Plasmodium falciparum thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase (TS-DHFR) is an essential enzyme in folate biosynthesis and a major malarial drug target. This bifunctional enzyme thus presents different design approaches for developing novel inhibitors against drug-resistant mutants.

BIOTEC researchers at the Protein-Ligand Engineering and Molecular Biology Laboratory, in collaboration with Yale University researchers performed a high throughput in silico screen of a database of diverse, drug-like molecules against a non-active-site pocket of TS-DHFR. The top compounds from this virtual screen were evaluated by in vitro enzymatic and cellular culture studies. Three compounds active to 20 μM IC

50’s in both wildtype and antifolate-

resistant P. falciparum parasites were identified and the inhibitory effects appeared to be parasite-specific. Notably, all three compounds had a biguanide scaffold. However, relative free energy of binding calculations suggested that the compounds might preferentially interact with the active site over the screened non-active-site region. To resolve the two possible modes of binding, co-crystallization studies of the compounds complexed with TSDHFR enzyme were performed. The structural analysis revealed that these novel, biguanide compounds do indeed bind at the active site of DHFR and additionally revealed the molecular basis by which they overcome drug resistance. These possibly are the first co-crystal structures of novel, biguanide, non- WR99210 compounds that are active against folate-resistant malaria parasites in cell culture. The work was published in and featured on the cover of ACS Chemical Biology.

In addition, an image illustrating an antifolate inhibitor bound to DHFR and human enzyme, resulting from a research project supported by Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), was featured in the MMV Annual Report 2008 and on the cover of a circular of a Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) meeting “Medicinal Chemistry for World Health”, held on June 17, 2009 at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.

A Genetically Hard-Wired Metabolic Transcriptome in Plasmodium falciparum Fails to Mount Protective Responses to Lethal Antifolates. Genome sequences of Plasmodium falciparum allow for global analysis of drug responses to antimalarial agents. It was of interest to learn how DNA microarrays may be used to study drug action in malaria parasites. In one large, tightly controlled study involving 123 microarray hybridizations between cDNA from isogenic drug-sensitive and drug-resistant parasites, a lethal antifolate (WR99210) failed to over-produce RNA for the genetically proven principal target, dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS). This transcriptional rigidity carried over to metabolically related RNA encoding folate and pyrimidine biosynthesis, as well as to the rest of the parasite genome. This research work showed that while the parasites do not mount protective transcriptional responses to antifolates in real time, P. falciparum cells transfected with human DHFR gene, and adapted to long-term WR99210 exposure, adjusting the hard-wired transcriptome itself to thrive in the presence of the drug. A system-wide incapacity for changing RNA levels in response to specific metabolic perturbations may contribute to selective vulnerabilities of Plasmodium falciparum to lethal antimetabolites. In addition, such regulation affects how DNA microarrays are used to understand the mode of action of antimetabolites. This work is a collaboration between BIOTEC, Mahidol University and the University of Washington and was reported in PLoS Pathogens.

Falciparum Plasmodium falciparum

in silico

in vitro

P. falciparum

Plasmodium falciparum

Plasmodium falciparum

P. falciparum

Plasmodium falciparum

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HIGHLIGHTS ON DENGUE RESEARCH

Dengue Non-structural Protein NS1 and Complement Activation. It has been hypothesized that complement activation is one of the host immune response mechanisms causing vascular leakage in dengue patients, which is the critical sign of DHF. BIOTEC researchers have demonstrated that complement activation by dengue infected cells is mediated by the surface- associated non-structural dengue protein NS1 interacting with anti-NS1 antibody. In addition, under certain conditions the secreted NS1 is also capable of activating the complement system without interaction with specific antibody. Complement activation up to the terminal complement complex (sc5b-9) has been demonstrated to correlate with clinical severity. The association of sc5b-9 and secreted NS1 levels in plasma of patients with different disease severity leads to the possibility of developing a novel dengue prognosis test which can differentiate degrees of disease severity. This part of the work was patented in Thailand, Germany and the USA and is currently being developed into a commercial kit. The study of how NS1 protein plays a role in complement activation is under investigation.

A Complex Interplay among Virus, Dendritic Cells, T Cells and Cytokines in Dengue Virus Infections. Severe dengue virus (DV) infections can cause the life-threatening condition of dengue hemorrhagic fever, which is characterized by a severe plasma leak, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, and, in severe cases, circulatory collapse and death. There is now much evidence that pre-existing immunity to DV can enhance disease resistance when an individual becomes infected on a second or sequential occasion. It has been shown that in contrast to infected dendritic cells (DC), noninfected bystander DC under-went maturation in dengue infection. This study showed that TNF-α-and type I IFN contribute to the maturation of bystander DC, whereas the inhibition of DV-infected DC maturation can be overcome by activated T cells. Furthermore, IFN-γ-inducible chemokines, CXCL9, 10 and 11 produced by infected DC are greatly amplified in the presence of DVspecific T cells. This study revealed a close correlation between the serum level of these three chemokines and disease severity. This work is a collaborative effort between BIOTEC, Mahidol University, Khon Kaen Hospital, Imperial College and Oxford University and was published in the Journal of Immunology.

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HIGHLIGHTS ON TUBERCULOSIS RESEARCH AND MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Structural Basis for Catalysis of a Tetrameric Class lla Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), currently infects one-third of the world’s population in its latent form. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensive drug-resistant strains has highlighted the need for new pharmacological targets within M. tuberculosis. The class IIa fructose 1,6- bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) enzyme from M. tuberculosis (MtFBA) has been proposed as one such target since it is up-regulated in latent TB. Since the structure of MtFBA has not been determined and there is little information available on its reaction mechanism, this research was undertaken to determine the structure.

BIOTEC researchers, in collaboration with the University of Illinois, sought to determine the X-ray structure of MtFBA in complex with its substrates. Through these structures, it was discovered that MtFBA belongs to a novel tetrameric class of type IIa FBAs. These X-ray structures also provide interesting and new details on the reaction mechanism of class II FBAs. Substrates and products were observed in geometries poised for catalysis; in addition, unexpectedly, the hydroxylenolate intermediate of dihydroxyacetone phosphate was also captured and resolved structurally. These concise new details offer a better understanding of the reaction mechanisms for FBAs in general and provide a structural basis for inhibitor design efforts aimed at this class of enzymes. This study was reported in the Journal of Molecular Biology and the MtFBA structure was featured on the cover of the same volume.

H1N1 Influenza Virus Seed Vaccine. BIOTEC researchers at the Virology and Cell Technology Laboratory have successfully generated seed vaccines using genetic materials of the novel human influenza virus, A/Nonthaburi/102/2009 (H1N1), isolated from the country’s first confirmed patient. The seed viruses are generated based on the genetic constellation of the first candidate vaccine, so-called NYMC-179A, announced by US-CDC in May 2009. Instead of using classical egg-based selection method, the researchers have employed reverse genetics technology to construct a “5+3” reassortant virus that can grow efficiently in embryonated chicken eggs. The seed virus has also been developed, also by reverse genetics, as live-attenuated vaccine by researchers at Siriraj Hospital. Currently both seed vaccines are being tested for the safety and immunogenicity in ferrets.

Technology for Antigen and Antibody Production. A research team at the Biomedical Technology Research Center, one of BIOTEC satellite research units, develops technology for antigen and antibody production. This technology is a modified hybridoma technique for production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) having a desired isotype. A large number of IgG mAbs specific to the protein of interest can be produced and the results indicate that the generated hybridomas produce corresponding antibody isotypes as expressed on the surface of their starting cells. The technique will be very useful for production of desired mAbs having a specific isotype. This work was published in Cytotechnology.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

M. tuberculosisM. tuberculosis

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HIGHLIGHTS ON BIORESOURCES UTILIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR BIORESOURCE STUDY

Insect Fungi Candidates for Biocontrol. BIOTEC Culture Collection (BCC) holds more than 3,700 isolates of insect pathogenic fungi from 39 genera. To search for insect fungi for use in biocontrol, 200 insect fungal isolates maintained at BCC have been screened for their toxicity against the economically important insect pest . The results revealed one isolate of Paecilomyces fumosoroceus (BCC 1659) and two isolates of Beauveria bassiana (BCC 2660 and BCC14841) as the potential candidates for controlling the aphid with the LC

50

values of 1.39x106, 1.14x104 and 1.81x106 conidia/ml respectively. The LT50

of these three corresponding fungal isolates were 2.71, 2.62 and 2.45 days respectively. Currently, B. bassiana (BCC 2660) is being investigated for optimal spore production conditions and applied to control M. persicae, Pseudococcus spp. and brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens).

Enzyme Discovery Technology. A research team at the Bioresources Technology Unit (BTU) has established metagenomic technology, a culture independent strategy, providing access to valuable genetic resources of the uncultured microbes to search for enzymes from the environment. Currently, the team is able to establish a fosmid library with a larger size of inserts (20-40 kb) and increased efficiency of gene discovery from 1: 20,000 to 1: 500.

Yeast Expression Technology. A research team at BTU has isolated and characterized several fungal enzymes which are of potential for use in various industries. To improve the production of these enzymes for further use, the team has developed two expression approaches which are cell surface display and multi-copy vector systems for advanced technology of heterologous protein expression. The use of cell surface display can lead to the development of a whole cell biocatalyst, whereas the multi copy vector system can improve the level of target proteins, especially those for pharmaceutical uses with low cost. Both can serve as platform technology required for target protein production using microorganisms as cell factories for industrial purposes.

Myzus persicaePaecilomyces fumosoroceus Beauveria bassiana

B. bassiana

M. persicae Pseudococcus Nilaparvata lugens

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HIGHLIGHTS ON INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Thermostable Phytases for Animal Feed Application. Two thermostable phytases were identified from Thai isolates of Aspergillus japonicus BCC18313 (TR86) and Aspergillus niger BCC18081 (TR170). The genes encoding both enzymes of 1404 bp length were cloned and transferred into Pichia pastoris for heterologous expression. The recombinant phytases, r-PhyA86 and r-PhyA170, were expressed as active extracellular enzymes. The recombinant enzymes also exhibited broad pH stability from 2.0 to 8.0 with high thermostability. In vitro digestibility tests suggested that r-PhyA86 and r-PhyA170 are at least as efficient as a commercial phytase for hydrolyzing phytate in corn-based animal feed and are potentially applicable in animal feed for increasing the released phosphate content. This work was published in FEMS Microbiology Letters as a collaborative research with the private sector. The potential application of these enzymes for poultry feed are under large-scale field trial and their production has now been optimized in pilot-scale.

Multi-enzyme for Non-thermal Saccharification of Cassava. An alternative non-thermal saccharification process has been developed using the multi-enzyme composed of composite non-starch polysaccharide hydrolysing enzyme and raw starch degrading amylolytic activities produced from a selected fungal isolate in the BIOTEC Culture Collection. This allows direct saccharification of cassava pulp and also other cassava feedstock with no pre-gelatinization and liquefaction steps. The process leads to the efficient production of fermentable sugars, including glucose and xylose, with improving sugar yield and energy efficiency compared to the conventional acid or enzymatic processes. This multi-enzyme approach also results in viscosity reduction in the reaction medium. Together with the development of a high solid loading fermentation process and thermo-tolerant ethanol fermenting yeasts, the research will lead to the establishment of a cost-effective alternative bioprocess for production of biofuel and other value-added products from cassava. This work was reported in the Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. Further research on multi-enzyme production and application in the bioreactor systems is currently in progress.

Very High Gravity Technology for the Fermentation of Fresh Cassava Roots. A study on promising agricultural feedstock in Thailand for bioethanol production indicated that cassava, one of the most important economic crops, has strong potential for this purpose due to high starch content in the roots, low production cost compared to other crops and ease of conversion to dried form for cost-effective storage and handling. To produce bioethanol from cassava, starch after being cooked to become gelatinized is subjected to two-stage enzyme hydrolysis. This generates higher energy consumption (for cooking and hydrolyzing starch) as well as higher production cost. Fresh cassava roots (60-70% moisture content) contain the most starch (65-80% dry weight) and are potentially used as the feedstock for microbial fermentation. The high gravity fermentation process with a high solid content is more preferred in industries as it increases the plant capacity and minimizes the production cost.

A research team at the Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit has developed a very high gravity (VHG) fermentation process for fresh cassava roots by a cocktail of cell wall degrading enzymes to produce the ethanol by a Simultaneous Liquefaction, Saccharification and Fermentation (SLSF) process with good production efficiency. The production of bioethanol from cassava also yields the solid waste called Dried Distillers Grains which can be developed for use as animal feed. This technology is being evaluated for its efficiency in the field trial.

Aspergillus japonicus Aspergillus niger

Pichia pastoris

In vitro

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HIGHLIGHTS ON SOFTWARE TOOL DEVELOPMENT

New Automate SNP Detection Software (VarDetect). VarDetect is a stand-alone nucleotide variation exploratory tool that automatically detects nucleotide variation from fluorescence based chromatogram traces. Accurate SNP base-calling is achieved using pre-calculated peak content ratios, and is enhanced by rules which account for common sequence reading artifacts. This software provides an accurate detection of SNPs, which is a crucial step to identify mutations in monogenic diseases. In the study published in BMC Bioinformatics, VarDetect was benchmarked against four other well-known SNP discovery software tools (PolyPhred, novoSNP, Genalys and Mutation Surveyor) analyzing fluorescence based chromatograms from 15 human genes. These chromatograms were obtained from sequencing 16 pooled (two) DNA samples; a total of 32 individual DNA samples. In this comparison of automatic SNP detection tools, VarDetect achieved the highest detection efficiency. The current version of VarDetect is freely available at http://www.biotec.or.th/GI/tools/vardetect.

A Set of Analytic Tools for Exploring Domain Architectures, Domain Graphs, Domain Distances and Putative Networks of Protein-Protein Interactions. As domain combination provides important clues to the roles of protein domains in protein function, interaction and evolution, BIOTEC researchers have developed ATGC-DOM, d-Omix and PlantDA a series of web servers for the comprehensive comparative analyses of protein domains and domain architectures (DAs). The d-Omix is the later version of ATGC-DOM aiming at a unified platform to analyze, compare and visualize protein data sets in various aspects of protein domain combinations. With InterProScan files for protein sets of interest, users may (1) construct a protein phylogenetic tree based on a distance matrix calculated from protein domain architectures (DAs), (2) calculate and visualize the versatility, abundance and co-presence of protein domains via a domain graph, (3) compare the similarity of proteins based on DA alignment and (4) build a putative protein network derived from domain-domain interactions from DOMINE. Results from the d-Omix could be exported into various formats such as SVG, JPG, BMP and CSV. Users with only protein sequences could prepare an InterProScan file using a service provided by the server as well. The d-Omix web server is freely available at http://www.biotec.or.th/isl/Domix and this work was published in Nucleic Acids Research.

The PlantDA has been extended from the d-Omix with biological contents focusing on comparative analyses of domains, domain architectures and protein families across diverse plant species.

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The Prediction of Various Biological Interactions Such As Protein-Protein, Protein-DNA and MicroRNA-Targets. Plant microRNA (miRNA) has an important role in controlling gene regulation in various biological processes such as cell development, signal transduction and environmental responses. While information on plant miRNAs and their targets is widely available, most of them are intended for economically important crops or plant model organisms. With limited accessible resources on plant miRNAs, BIOTEC researchers have developed MicroPC (µPC), a suite of online database and prediction tools which enables users to compare and predict plant miRNAs and miRNA targets across species. The database content was generated by large-scale computational identification of previously reported miRNAs from miRBase and Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) from PlantGDB. The database contains 78 families of miRNA candidates, which potentially target 4,006 RNAs in 128 families of 125 plant species and 2,995 protein-coding genes (4,953 EST sequences). Users may (1) compare stored mature or precursor miRNAs and user-supplied sequences among plant species, (2) search for the predicted miRNAs and their targets in detail, and (3) predict a miRNA or miRNA targets from an input nucleotide sequence. The µPC is freely available at http://www.biotec.or.th/isl/micropc. This work has recently been published in BMC Genomics.

Geospatial Integrated Species, Sites and Bioactive Compound Relationship Tracking Tool (GIST). GIST is a GIS-based tool implemented to provide guidance for measuring, monitoring and evaluation of patterns and changes in biodiversity of microorganisms to make better decisions on collecting and screening the microbes for natural products. Using the measures of bioactive diversity (BD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD), derived from the branch length of bioactive dendrogram and phylogenetic trees, GIST can describe and compare how the chemical and genetic diversity varied among microbes in different geographic areas. This work was reported in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

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Relevance

Excellence

Impact

COMMERCIALIZATIONAND

PRIVATE SECTOR PARTNERSHIP

BIOTEC places strong emphasis on promoting the industrial applications of biotechnology in both Thai and foreign companies. Technology/ product licensing as well as collaborative research with the private sector are among mechanisms to promote bio-business in Thailand. Recognizing that the majority of companies in Thailand are of small and medium size and do not have in-house R&D capability, BIOTEC also provides R&D services in the form of contract research.

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LICENSING AGREEMENTS

During FY 2009, five licensing agreements were accomplished.

Innov (Thailand) Co., Ltd. Technology Licensing Agreement for a Microtube Gel Test for Detecting Antigen-Antibody Reaction. This test, developed by a research team at Khon Kaen University and sponsored by BIOTEC, can detect the same red cell antigen-antibody reaction (indirect antiglobulin phase) as the conventional tube and commercial gel methods. The test can process 12 samples simultaneously, making it easy to perform and save time. Because of the lower cost, this developed test is better suited for routine testing, especially for large laboratories. Innov (Thailand) Co., Ltd. also takes part in the Thailand Science Park’s Incubation Program.

Good Guy Group Co., Ltd. and Natural Herb Product (Thailand) Co., Ltd. Technology Licensing Agreement for a Clove and Cinnamon Oil Formulation for Dust Mite Fumigation. The optimal formulation of herbal oils for dust mite control, developed by a research team from King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), was proved to be 100% effective in controlling dust mite and safe for humans and the environment.

Siam Inter Quality Co., Ltd. Licensing Agreement for Monoclonal Antibody from AMOZ (3- anmino-5-morpholinomethyl). The AMOZ monoclonal antibody will be used for developing a commercial ELISA test kit for detection of nitrofuran derivatives. ELISA test kit for nitrofuran derivatives is essential for screening these chemical residues in meat products. An imported test kit currently costs around 20,000 - 25,000 baht, whereas this local technology can be much less expensive.

MBSAsia Ltd. Licensing Agreement for Monoclonal Antibodies to Shrimp Disease. The agreement covers the permission to use monoclonal antibodies to four major shrimp diseases, namely White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Yellow Head Virus (YHV), Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV) and Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoeitic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), in the development of a sensitive, rapid and ready-to-use test kit for these shrimp diseases.

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COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH

Eighteen projects were conducted in collaboration with the private sector, of which 7 are new projects in FY 2009. Twenty eight projects were contract research, of which 10 are new projects.

NEW PROJECTS IN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD. Partners in this category include Asia Star Animal Health Co., Ltd (ASAH) on the production of recombinant xylanase and cellulase as feed additives for chicken, Biosolution International Co., Ltd. on using microorganisms as a feed supplement for fish, Pimai Salt Co., Ltd. to conduct field testing of 13 salt-tolerant rice varieties (for salinity level of 1.0-1.5%), Bangkok High Lab Co., Ltd. and Mitr Phol Sugarcane Research Center Co., Ltd. to make improvements on a sucrose sensor by pulsed amperometric detection.

NEW PROJECTS IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT. Partners in this category include Hi-Grimm Environmental and Research Co., Ltd. on screening for oil-degrading bacteria to develop into commercial bioremediation products, Padaeng Industry Public Company Limited (mining company) and Chulalongkorn University on developing rice cultivation and farm management systems to minimize cadmium absorption from soil, and SCG Paper Public Co., Ltd. on screening for microorganisms and enzymes suitable for pulp and paper production process.

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BIOBUSINESS PROMOTION

In 2009, the Board of Investment (BOI) added two areas of biotech business to the list qualified for the maximum investment incentives for biotech business, announced in 2007.

Currently, the privileges allow for the following 6 areas of business:

• Seed production or plant and animal improvement,

• Biopharmaceutical agents such as vaccines, therapeutic proteins,

• Diagnostic testing kits for medical, agricultural, food and environmental use,

• Biomolecules and biologically active compounds produced from microorganisms, plant cells, and animal cells,

• Raw material and essential materials used in molecular biological experiments or tests, and

• Biological analysis and/or synthesis services.

Under the category biotechnology, four biotech companies are presently granted the privileges, an increase from two. BIOTEC provided consultant services to 15 companies applying for the BOI Program, an increase from 4 companies.

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Relevance

Excellence

Impact

BIOTEC places high priority on human resource development interms of increasing the quantity and quality of human resources in this sector as well as upgrading and educating the workforce. Various activities are designed to capture different segments of the workforce as well as to address a variety of objectives, ranging from providing scholarships/fellowships to organizing training workshops for academics and industries, to organizing youth programs.

DEVELOPMENT

HUMAN RESOURCE

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ACADEMICS AND PROFESSIONAL RESEARCHERS

POST-DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM. The Program provides fellowships to both Thai and foreign doctoral graduates to work at BIOTEC. In FY 2009, BIOTEC provided one new and seven on-going fellowships.

GRADUATE PROGRAM IN BIOINFORMATICS AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY. BIOTEC has supported the Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), since 2004. Since then, the Program has enrolled 60 students into the Master Degree Program and 4 into the PhD. Degree Program. Out of 31 students graduating with MSc. Degree, 20 (64%) are now actively working in research and academic institutes and/or enrolling in the PhD program.

PRACTICE SCHOOL PROGRAM. BIOTEC, in collaboration with NSTDA’s Cluster and Program Management Office (CPMO), supports the Practice School Program, an intensive graduate course placing strong emphasis on practical experience at industrial sites to give students hands-on experience. Currently, two programs are being offered:

• Food Engineering Practice School Program (FEPS). BIOTEC has supported this program, offered at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), since 2004, producing a total 80 master degree graduates, 66 of whom are now working in prominent food industries.

• Agro-industry Practice School Program. The Program was established at Prince of Songkhla University (PSU) in 2007 and there are 16 factories participating in the Program as a practice site for students. Thirty eight students are currently enrolled and 5 have graduated.

RESEARCH MENTORSHIP TO UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. BIOTEC provides mentorship to undergraduate students under NSTDA’s Junior Science Talent Project (JSTP) and graduate students under NSTDA’s Young Scientist and Technologist Program (YSTP) in biotechnology-related fields to conduct a senior project (for an undergraduate student) or thesis/dissertation (for graduate students). In FY 2009, BIOTEC hosted 29 B.Sc. students, 15 M.Sc. students and 7 Ph.D. students from these 2 programs. In addition, BIOTEC also hosted 5 M.Sc. students under the Scholarship Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology. BIOTEC researchers also play a vital role as co-advisors to many graduate students from various universities.

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TRAINING WORKSHOPS AND SEMINARS. During the year, BIOTEC organized 27 training workshops and seminars, attended by 1,324 participants (2,261 man-days). Courses on offer included Chemical Contaminants in Food, Biotechnology for Cattle Production: Embryo Transfer Technology, Pilot-Scale Cultivation of Genetically Modified Microorganisms; Biotechnology Management and Regulations; Advanced Training Course in Algal Biotechnology; Biogas Technology; and Culture Collection Management.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES. Three international conferences were organized in FY 2009.

• International Conference on Fungal Evolution and Charles Darwin: From Morphology to Molecules on 9-11 July 2009 at Sirindhorn Science Home, Thailand Science Park. The event was attended by 198 participants.

• ABIC 2009: Agricultural Biotechnology for Better Living and a Clean Environment on 23-25 September 2009 at Queen Sirikit National Convention Center, Bangkok. The event consisted of scientific presentations and exhibition, with over 600 people attending.

• Starch Update 2009: The 5th International Conference on Starch Technology on 24-25 September 2009 at Queen Sirikit National Convention Center, Bangkok. The event was attended by 215 participants.

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INDUSTRY AND COMMUNITY ENTERPRISE

TRAINING FOR COMMUNITY ENTERPRISE. BIOTEC organized 7 training courses in food processing and food safety, attended by 660 participants (710 man-days), targeting small-scale community enterprises operating in the food processing business. The Program has made an impact to the community at large, with one example being the course on GHP (Good Hygiene Practices), which has enabled the products to have extended shelf-life, earned certificates from the Food and Drug Administration (Thai FDA) and Thai Industrial Standards Institute (TISI) and increased sales by 10%. BIOTEC also collaborated with Phufa Pattana Center in Nan Province organizing 24 training exercises for 407 local participants (554 man-days).

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YOUTH PROGRAM

SCIENCE IN RURAL SCHOOLS PROGRAM (SIRS). The Program is dedicated to youth in the rural areas and currently covers 6 provinces; Maehongson, Nan, Chiang Mai, Sakon Nakorn, Pang-Nga and Narathiwat. SiRS aims to improve the quality of life and enhance learning capability in science for rural students through activities such as science camps, workshops and science project contests. The following activities were organized in FY 2009:

• S&T Fair in Maehongson Province. The event was attended by 200 teachers and 2,500 students from 22 schools in the area.

• Workshop for 10 science teachers held in Sakon Nakorn Province.

• Mushroom Camp held at Peat Swamp and Hala-Bala Rainforest Research Station in Narathiwat Province for 65 teachers and students from 5 near-by schools.

PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY THE THAI HEALTH PROMOTION FOUNDATION. BIOTEC manages two projects funded by the Thai Health Promotion Foundation, namely

• Science for Good Health. The project aims to supplement teachers in the target area with heath-related scientific knowledge and engage students in science activities. Phase I of the Project, implemented between July 2007- March 2009, covered 224 schools and 666 teachers. As a result of the project, 130 science camps were organized and 561 science projects were initiated, attracting the participation of 2,244 students. With the success of Phase I, Phase II has been approved for funding from the Thai Health Promotion Foundation until Year 2011. Under Phase II, seven workshops were conducted in FY 2009 in 4 regions, attended by 346 teachers from 137 schools.

• Development of Local Science Curriculum for Southern Border Provinces. The 1st

Meeting between BIOTEC team and 52 local teachers was held on 26-27 February 2009 in Pattani Province.

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Relevance

Excellence

Impact

Striving to make Thailand a knowledge- based economy, one of BIOTEC missions is to create public awareness in biotechnology, especially relating biotechnology and life sciences to everyday living. The mission is carried out by channeling information through various available media such as internet and television, as well as public events.

PUBLIC AWARENESS

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WEB SITE

BIOTEC created GURU web site (www.biotec.or.th/Guru) to post biotechnology information prepared for the general public. To expand the readership, this web site is linked to other popular portals such as www.vchakarn.com, www.sanook.com, www.most.go.th and www.stkc.go.th. This has resulted in an average of 550,000 page-views/month to GURU web-site. In addition, BIOTEC collaborates with Internet Securities Inc. releasing selected information on the web site www.securities.com which is accessed by companies who join the website’s membership.

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DOCUMENTARY

NSTDA produces documentaries for TV broadcasting, some of which cover BIOTEC activities:

SHORT DOCUMENTARY. The short documentary is shown in the Mega Clever/Sponge TV Program, aired every Thursday from 20:30 – 21:30 hr. on Channel 9 and Beyond Tomorrow TV Program, aired every Saturday from 10:20 -11:00 hr. on Channel 9. The rating for Mega Clever/Sponge is 2.17 million viewers on average, whereas that of Beyond Tomorrow is 1.63 million. Documentaries introducing biotechnology topics include: rapid testing kit for white leaf disease in sugarcane, polymer from insect fungi, microtube gel test, ABIC 2009, insect fungi, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) for mosquito control, Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit and Microbial Bank.

CHOWWIT CHIT CHOWBAAN TV PROGRAM. Chowwit Chit Chowbaan is a 1-hr documentary aiming to introduce research that can have an impact on the public, especially farmers. The show is aired every Friday from 10:05-11:05 hr. on Thai PBS Channel and on public holidays from 13:30-14:00 hr. on Channel 9. Average rating is 651,000 viewers. In FY 2009, the following documents on biotechnology topics were on air: black tiger shrimp breeding program, phytoremediation of high salinity land, Science for Good Health project, germinated brown rice and its health benefits, fish sausage, Friebrah - a cattle breed by Thai research team, biogas from wastewater, embryo transfer technology, screening for disease-resistant cucumber variety and insect fungi.

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PUBLIC EVENTS

NATIONAL CHILDREN’S DAY. In 2009, BIOTEC joined NSTDA in organizing two events to celebrates Children’s Day. The first event at the Ministry of Science and Technology was held on 8-10 January 2009 attracting over 3,000 children and parents. The other event at Thailand Science Park in Pathumthani Province was held on 8-9 January 2009, drawing over 2,000 participants.

CHARLES DARWIN EXHIBITION. The Exhibition was organized to mark the 200th anniversary of the birth of Charles Darwin, the great evolutionary biologist, and the 150th anniversary of his publication of “On the Origin of Species”. The Exhibition was launched during the NSTDA Annual Conference 2009 (NAC 2009), held over 12-14 March 2009 and was viewed by an audience of 2500.

2009 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FAIR. Every year, the Ministry of Science and Technology, in collaboration with various agencies, organizes a Science and Technology Fair in August to promote public awareness in S&T. The 2009 S&T Fair was held during 8 – 23 August 2009 at BITEC Convention Center. BIOTEC activities included an exhibition on King Bhumibol Adulyadej Medallion -- an honor for His Majesty’s tireless support to rice farming in Thailand, Science in Rural Schools Program, Biodiversity Pavilion and H1N1 virus. The 2009 S&T Fair attracted over 1 million visitors.

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Relevance

Excellence

Impact

The BIOTEC International Cooperation Program aims to capitalize on international linkages to make BIOTEC and Thailand a regional leader in the field of biotechnology. In so doing, the Center has developed close linkages with overseas organizations at the bilateral, multilateral and regional levels. The goal is achieved through activities such as establishing formal collaborative agreements, organizing joint scientific seminars with international partners, establishing and organizing an annual meeting of the BIOTEC International Advisory Board and showcasing BIOTEC and Thailand’s biotechnology in international events.

INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION

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FOSTERING RESEARCH AND ACADEMIC COLLABORATION

BIOTEC entered into MOUs with 8 institutes to promote research collaboration and staff/ student exchange:

• Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia – The collaboration will be in the field of solid state fermentation.

• The Research Institute, Meijo University, Japan – The collaboration will be on the study of osmotic effect on the growth of oil palm

• Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore – BIOTEC will serve as an internship site for students from Nanyang Polytechnic.

• CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, the Netherlands - The collaboration will be in the field of fungal taxonomy and phylogenetics.

• School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK - Through the MOUs, both parties will explore the opportunities for research collaboration and staff/student exchange.

• Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Japan – The collaboration will be in the field of plant physiology.

• Agricultural Research Service (ARS), the United States Department of Agriculture – The collaboration is in the area of novel hydrolytic enzymes.

• TWAS (The Academy of Sciences for the Developing World) – The collaboration will be on the establishment of a TWAS-BIOTEC Post-doctoral Fellowship Program.

Two joint seminars were organized:

• Thai-UK Technology Transfer Workshop, organized in collaboration with the International Agri-Technology Centre Ltd. (IATC).

• BIOTEC-University of Liverpool Joint Seminar in Biotechnology.

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PROMOTING INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

BIOTEC exhibited at BioKorea 2008 on 7-9 October 2008 and TECHMART ASEAN+3 held in Hanoi, Vietnam on 17-20 September 2009. In addition, BIOTEC in collaboration with several academic institutes and government agencies, organized Thailand Pavilion at the 2009 BIO International Convention in Atlanta during 18-21 May 2009, showcasing research, products, services and investment incentives in Thailand.

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REGIONAL R&D AND TRAINING HUB

With over two decades of operation, BIOTEC has built confidence in its high-caliber researchers and R&D infrastructure and attempts to utilize this expertise and facilities to build up research and technical capacity for the world community. The Center provides foreign students and researchers in the field of biotechnology and life sciences with opportunities to have hands-on experience conducting research in a professional environment.

• HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES. Initiated in 2001, the Program provides fellowships to young scientists from developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region to work in BIOTEC laboratories for 3-6 months. In FY 2009, 14 fellowships were provided, out of 74 applicants.

• INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAM. This Program is designed for hosting foreign students to have hands-on experience conducting research in a professional environment, as well as for foreign researchers who would like to obtain some training in particular areas. Thirty-four foreign students and researchers were hosted in FY2009, from Atma Jaya Catholic University, Indonesia; ENSBANA of Universite de Bourgogne, France; National Taiwan University; University of Kent, UK; Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore; Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore; University of the Philippines; Harvard University Herbaria, USA; Rice University, USA; and Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), United Arab Emirates.

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Relevance

Excellence

Impact

BIOTEC constantly monitors and assesses the impact of its output towards social and economic development. Every year, BIOTEC selects a number of technology transfer projects for detailed impact study. The impact is measured in the form of income generated by the clients out of such products and technologies, and also quantified from parameters such as import substitution and employment generation.

IMPACT

BIOTEC’S OUTPUT

OF

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IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECTOR

THE USE OF MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE RICE VARIETIES. BIOTEC research on rice improvement utilizes DNA markers to facilitate and complement conventional breeding, and the Center also works collaboratively with the Rice Department on field testing and distribution of high-quality rice seed to farmers. Three new varieties were introduced: 1) Submergence tolerant KDML 105 (jasmine rice) 2) Blast resistant Kaew Kaset 3) Submergence tolerant Homcholasit. During the 2008/2009 cultivation period, the planting area of 718 rai (115 hectares) generated an income of 6.1 million baht.

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER OF RICE SEED PRODUCTION TO RURAL COMMUNITIES. BIOTEC trained villagers in 4 communities in three provinces (Sakon Nakorn, Nan and Chiang Rai) on the production of blast resistant RD 6 rice seed. During the 2008/2009 cultivation period, the income of 1.1 million baht was earned from the production area of 77 rai (12.5 hectares).

LAND RECOVERY. Since 2002, BIOTEC has been collaborating with Pimai Salt Co., Ltd. to employ salt-tolerant plants and soil treatment to remediate former mining sites of the company. Since that time, the company has generated 7 million baht in income from salt recovered from this site. In 2008, BIOTEC collaborated with SCG Paper and various organizations launching a project, titled “Innovation Technology to Recover High-salinity Land”. The project currently covers the area of 500 rai (80 hectares) and enables farmers in the program to earn an additional 1 million baht in income.

FORAGE CANE FOR ANIMAL FEED. BIOTEC, in collaboration with Kasetsart and Khon Kaen Universities, studied the potential of using cane as forage for farm animals. The test, conducted at Namfon Farm Co., Ltd., demonstrated that the Farm could save 7 million baht in feed costs, after partial substitution of commercial feed with forage cane planted in its 200 rai (32 hectares) of land.

STARTER CULTURE FOR THAI TRADITIONAL FERMENTED PORK SAUSAGE (NHAM). A private company, Talent Co., Ltd., acquired the license for this technology from BIOTEC and now earns on average of 1 million baht in sales of starter culture/year. The sausage produced from BIOTEC-developed starter culture is of a high and consistent quality, and thus well accepted by consumers. The product also has an indirect impact on healthcare, with estimated savings from reduced food-borne pathogens of 1.2 million baht/year.

ACCELERATION OF FISH SAUCE FERMENTATION WITH ENZYMES. BIOTEC collaborated with a fish sauce company to develop the technology to reduce the fermentation period for producing fish sauce. By introducing selected enzymes, the fermentation period for fish sauce was reduced from 18 months to 11 months, while maintaining the taste standard of the brand. After implementing this process, the company was able to increase its revenue by 8 million baht in 2009.

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IMPACT ON HEALTH CARE AND MEDICINE SECTOR

DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR INFLUENZA. BIOTEC collaborated with Innova Biotechnology Co., Ltd., one of the NSTDA joint venture companies, in developing an immuno-chromatographic test kit for influenza type A and subsequently licensing this technology to Innova for commercial production. In FY 2009, Innova earned revenue of 1.6 million baht in sales of “Innova Flu-A” product. This product was able to save the country 4.4 million baht/year from the importation of influenza kits. The availability of this rapid test kit enabled the effective control of the disease, estimated to be 32 million baht/yr in healthcare savings from the outbreak.

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IMPACT ON BIORESOURCE UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENT SECTOR

TECHNOLOGY TO PRODUCE BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS (BT). BIOTEC supported a research project to develop Bt for commercialization as a biocontrol agent, which included the selection of Bt strain, the commercial-scale production and the product formulation in liquid form. The company acquiring the license for this technology earned 0.5 million baht in sales from the product. The indirect impact, quantified from the savings in product importation, the safety of the product (as opposed to chemical pesticides) to farmers and consumers, is estimated to be 1 million baht/year.

LICENSING OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS AND FERMENTATION PROCESS TO PRODUCE FEED ADDITIVES. Commencing in 2006, BIOTEC has collaborated with SPM Feed Co., Ltd. on a project to develop the fermentation process for Bacillus subtilis and subsequently licensed this technology to SPM Science, a subsidiary of SPM Group, to produce Bacillus subtilis as a feed additive in the SPM Group’s pig farms. The use of Bacillus subtilis has increased the profit of the company by 25 million baht in 2009, saving them 31 million baht from importing feed additives. The success also led to a joint investment between NSTDA and SPM Science, totaling 130 million baht, to set up a fermentation plant to produce feed additives for commercial sale.

BtBt

Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis

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IMPACT ON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

TECHNOLOGY SERVICE TO RURAL COMMUNITIES. BIOTEC has been working with two villages in Loei Province since 1995 to undertake technology transfer, demonstration and assimilation, as well as human resource development to improve the standard of living and household earnings for villagers. In FY 2009, the communities earned 0.3 million baht from the sale of general agricultural produce, 2.2 million baht from products such as roasted macadamia nuts, and 0.1 million baht from eco-tourism. The activities also created 0.15 million baht in employment within the community.

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IMPACT ON NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

DNA TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY. DNA Fingerprinting Unit was first set up jointly by BIOTEC and Kasesart University in 1995 to provide services in DNA fingerprinting to authenticate plant varieties for both the government sector and private companies. The Unit also served as a center for registration, certification and standardization of plant DNA fingerprinting, as well as a research and development laboratory on the DNA fingerprinting technique. In 2000, the Unit was renamed “DNA Technology Laboratory (DNA TEC)” and was converted to a business unit under NSTDA. DNA TEC generated 14.2 million baht in revenue in FY 2009, making 200 million baht since its inception. Being the first lab to serve as a central lab in Thailand to provide DNA fingerprinting services, the economic impact is estimated at 10.7 million baht/year. DNA TEC also makes an impact in maintaining the country’s export competitiveness and also towards research activities based on DNA fingerprinting technology. However this impact has not yet been quantified.

SHRIMP BIOTECHNOLOGY BUSINESS UNIT (SBBU). Established in 2000, SBBU provides diagnostic test kits and shrimp disease diagnosis services for the shrimp industry. In addition, SBBU provides R&D services as well as audit and training services related to shrimp disease diagnosis. The Unit earned 6.5 million baht in revenue in FY 2009, making 60 million baht since inception. The economic impact of SBBU is measured against the cost of sending samples to overseas labs for analysis and this saving is estimated to be 1.4 million baht/year. SBBU also makes an impact on shrimp productivity and export; however this impact has not yet been quantified.

5 3

Relevance

Excellence

Impact

APPENDICES

List of Publications

List of Patent and Petty Patent

Applications

Honors and Awards

Executives and Management Team

5 4

LIST OF PUBLICATIONSsp. nov., an anamorphic yeast species in the

clade isolated in Thailand. , 9(4), 668-672.

11. Borirak, O., Samanphan, P., Dangtip, S., Kiatpathomchai, W. and Jitrapakdee, S. (2009). Promoter motifs essential to the differential transcription of structural and non-structural genes of the white spot syndrome virus.

, 39(2), 223-233.

12. Brodie, J.F. and Brockelman, W.Y. (2009). Bed site selection of red muntjac (

) and sambar ( ) in a tropical seasonal forest. , 24(6), 1251-1256.

13. Brodie, J.F., Helmy, O.E., Brockelman, W.Y. and Maron, J.L. (2009). Bushmeat poaching reduces the seed dispersal and population growth rate of a mammal-dispersed tree.

, 19(4), 854-863.

14. Bunyapaiboonsri, T., Veeranondha, S., Boonruangprapa, T. and Somrithipol, S. (2008). Ramiferin, a bisphenol-sesquiterpene from the fungus BCC 7585. , 1(4), 204-206.

15. Bunyapaiboonsri, T., Yoiprommarat, S., Intereya, K., Rachtawee, P., Hywel-Jones, N.L. and Isaka, M. (2009). Isariotins E and F, Spirocyclic and Bicyclic Hemiacetals from the Entomopathogenic Fungus

BCC 12625. , 72(4), 756-759.

16. Butr-Indr, B., Kasinrerk, W. and Tayapiwatana, C. (2009). Sequential simplex optimization of recombinant biotinylated survivin production by using mineral supplementation.

, 46(2), 115-120.

17. Cannon, P.F., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Maczey, N., Norbu, L., Tshitila, Samdup, T. and Lhendup, P. (2009). Steps towards sustainable harvest of in Bhutan.

, 18(9), 2263-2281.

18. Chaivisuthangkura, P., Tawilert, C., Tejangkura, T., Rukpratanporn, S., Longyant, S., Sithigorngul, W. and Sithigorngul, P. (2008). Molecular isolation and characterization of a novel occlusion body protein gene from

nucleopolyhedrovirus. , 381(2), 261-267.

19. Chaivisuthangkura, P., Tejangkura, T., Rukpratanporn, S., Longyant, S., Sithigorngul, W. and Sithigorngul, P. (2008). Preferential suppression of yellow head virus (YHV) envelope protein gp116 in shrimp that survive challenge with YHV. , 79(1), 1-8.

1. Aewsiri, T., Benjakul, S. and Visessanguan, W. (2009). Functional properties of gelatin from cuttlefish ( ) skin as affected by bleaching using hydrogen peroxide.

, 115(1), 243-249.

2. Aewsiri, T., Benjakul, S., Visessanguan, W., Eun, J.-B., Wierenga, P.A. and Gruppen, H. (2009). Antioxidative activity and emulsifying properties of cuttlefish skin gelatin modified by oxidised phenolic compounds. , 117(1), 160-168.

3. Amnuaykanjanasin, A. and Daub, M.E. (2009). The ABC transporter ATR1 is necessary for efflux of the toxin

, 46(2), 146-158.

4. Amnuaykanjanasin, A., Ponghanphot, S., Sengpanich, N., Cheevadhanarak, S. and Tanticharoen, M. (2009). Insect-specific polyketide synthases (PKSs), potential PKS-nonribosomal peptide synthetase hybrids, and novel PKS clades in tropical fungi.

, 75(11), 3721-3732.

5. Amparyup, P., Charoensapsri, W. and Tassanakajon, A. (2009). Two prophenoloxidases are important for the survival of challenged shrimp

, 33(2), 247-256.

6. Apiratmateekul, N., Phunpae, P. and Kasinrerk, W. (2009). A modified hybridoma technique for production of monoclonal antibodies having desired isotypes. , 60(1-3), 45-51.

7. Bawankar, P., Shaw, P.J., Sardana, R., Babar, P.H. and Patankar, S. (2009). 5′ and 3′ end modifications of spliceosomal RNAs in

, 1-9.

8. Benjakul, S., Oungbho, K., Visessanguan, W., Thiansilakul, Y. and Roytrakul, S. (2009). Characteristics of gelatin from the skins of bigeye snapper, and

, 116(2), 445-451.

9. Boonaiam, S., Chaiprasert, A., Prammananan, T. and Leechawengwongs, M. (2009). Genotypic analysis of genes associated with isoniazid and ethionamide resistance in MDR-TB isolates from Thailand.

, doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02838.x.

10. Boonmak, C., Jindamorakot, S., Kawasaki, H., Yongmanitchai, W., Suwanarit, P., Nakase, T., Limtong, S. (2009).

5 5

20. Charoensapsri, W., Amparyup, P., Hirono, I., Aoki, T. and Tassanakajon, A. (2009). Gene silencing of a prophenoloxidase activating enzyme in the shrimp, , increases susceptibility to infection.

, 33(7), 811-820.

21. Chasombat, S., Tongsima, S., Pattarapayoon, N., Kohreanudom, S. and Jenwitheesuk, E. (2008). Subtype-specific HIV Type 1 genotypic susceptibility interpretation.

. 24(12), 1565-1567.

22. Cha-um, S. and Kirdmanee, C. (2008). Assessment of salt tolerance in , rain tree and Thai neem under laboratory and the field conditions.

, 40(5), 2041-2051.

23. Cha-um, S. and Kirdmanee C. (2008). Effect of osmotic stress on proline accumulation, photosynthetic abilities and growth of sugarcane plantlets ( ).

, 40(6), 2541-2552.

24. Cha-um, S. and Kirdmanee C. (2009). Effect of salt stress on proline accumulation, photosynthetic ability and growth characters in two maize cultivars.

, 41(1), 87-98.

25. Cha-um, S., Srianan, B., Pichakum, A. and Kirdmanee, C. (2009). An efficient procedure for embryogenic callus induction and double haploid plant regeneration through anther culture of Thai aromatic rice (

). , 45(2), 171-179.

26. Cha-um, S., Charoenpanich, A., Roytrakul, S. and Kirdmanee, C. (2009). Sugar accumulation, photosynthesis and growth of two indica rice varieties in response to salt stress.

, 31(3), 477-486.

27. Cha-um, S., Puthea, O. and Kirdmanee, C. (2009). An effective acclimatization using uniconazole treatments and adaptation of orchid.

, 121(4), 468-473.

28. Chawanakul, S., Chaiprasert, P., Towprayoon, S. and Tanticharoen, M. (2009). Contributions of available substrates and activities of trophic microbial community to methanogenesis in vegetative and reproductive rice rhizospheric soil. , 30(1), 119-127.

29. Cheunoy, W., Haile, M., Chaiprasert, A., Prammananan, T., Cristea-FernstrÖm, M., Vondracek, M., Chryssanthou, E., Hoffner, S. and Petrini, B. (2009). Drug resistance and genotypic analysis of

strains from Thai tuberculosis patients.

, 117(4), 286-290.

30. Chitov, T., Dispan, R. and Kasinrerk, W. (2008). Incidence and diarrhegenic potential of

in pasteurized milk and cereal products in Thailand. , 28(4), 467-481.

31. Choeyklin, R., Hattori, T., Jaritkhuan, S. and Jones, E.B.G. (2009). collected in Central Thailand. , 36, 121-128.

32. Chokesajjawatee, N., Pornaem, S., Zo, Y.-G., Kamdee, S., Luxananil, P., Wanasen, S. and Valyasevi, R. (2009). Incidence of

and associated risk factors in Nham, a Thai fermented pork product. , 26(5), 547-551.

33. Chutrakul, C., Boonruangprapa, T., Suvannakad, R., Isaka, M., Sirithunya, P., Toojinda, T. and Kirtikara, K. (2009). Ascherxanthone B from , a new antifungal compound active against rice blast pathogen

, 107(5), 1624-1631.

34. Cruz, A.K., de Toledo, J.S., Falade, M., Terrão, M.C., Kamchonwongpaisan, S., Kyle, D.E. and Uthaipibull, C. (2009). Current treatment and drug discovery against spp. and spp.: A Review.

, 10(3), 178-192.

35. Dasgupta, T., Chitnumsub, P., Kamchonwongpaisan, S., Maneeruttanarungroj, C., Nichols, S.E., Lyons, T.M., Tirado-Rives, J., Jorgensen, W.L., Yuthavong, Y. and Anderson, K.S. (2009). Exploiting structural analysis, screening, and serendipity to identify novel inhibitors of drug-resistant falciparum malaria.

, 4(1), 29-40.

36. Dejnirattisai, W., Duangchinda, T., Lin, C.-L.S., Vasanawathana, S., Jones, M., Jacobs, M., Malasit, P., Xu, X.-N., Screaton, G. and Mongkolsapaya, J. (2008). A complex interplay among virus, dendritic cells, T cells, and cytokines in dengue virus infections.

, 181(9), 5865-5874.

37. Flegel, T.W. (2009). Review of disease transmission risks from prawn products exported for human consumption. , 290(3-4), 179-189.

38. Ganesan, K., Ponmee, N., Jiang, L., Fowble, J.W., White, J., Kamchonwongpaisan, S., Yuthavong, Y., Wilairat, P. and Rathod, P.K. (2008). A genetically hard-wired metabolic transcriptome in fails to mount protective responses to lethal antifolates. , 4(11), e1000214.

39. Gangnonngiw, W., Anantasomboon, G., Sang-oum, W., Sriurairatana, S., Sritunyalucksana, K. and Flegel, T.W. (2009). Non-virulence of a recombinant shrimp nidovirus is associated with its non structural gene sequence and not a large structural gene deletion. , 385(1), 161-168.

40. Gangnonngiw, W., Kiatpathomchai, W., Sriurairatana, S., Laisutisan, K., Chuchird, N., Limsuwan, C. and Flegel, T.W. (2009). Parvolike virus in the hepatopancreas of freshwater prawns cultivated in Thailand.

, 85(3), 167-173.

41. Hongsthong, A., Sirijuntarut, M., Prommeenate, P., Lertladaluck, K., Porkaew, K., Cheevadhanarak,

5 6

S. and Tanticharoen, M. (2008). Proteome analysis at the subcellular level of the cyanobacterium in response to low-temperature stress conditions.

, 288(1), 92-101.

42. Hongsthong, A., Sirijuntarut, M., Yutthanasirikul, R., Senachak, J., Kurdrid, P., Cheevadhanarak, S. and Tanticharoen, M. (2009). Subcellular proteomic characterization of the high- temperature stress response of the cyanobacterium

, 7, 33.

43. Hughes, D.P., Evans, H.C., Hywel-Jones, N., Boomsma, J.J. and Armitage, S.A.O. (2009). Novel fungal disease in complex leaf-cutting ant societies. , 34(2), 214-220.

44. Intaraprasong, A., Khemayan, K., Pasharawipas, T. and Flegel, T.W. (2009). Species-specific virulence of for black tiger shrimp is associated with bacteriophage- mediated hemocyte agglutination. , 296(3-4), 185-192.

45. Intasai, N., Tragoolpua, K., Pingmuang, P., Khunkaewla, P., Moonsom, S., Kasinrerk, W., Lieber, A. and Tayapiwatana, C. (2009). Potent inhibition of OKT3-induced T cell proliferation and suppression of CD147 cell surface expression in HeLa cells by scFv-M6-1B9.

, 214(6), 410-421.

46. Isaka, M., Chinthanom, P., Veeranondha, S., Supothina, S. and Luangsa-ard, J.J. (2008). Novel cyclopropyl diketones and 14- membered macrolides from the soil fungus

BCC 17816. , 64(49), 11028-11033.

47. Isaka, M., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Sappan, M., Mongkolsamrit, S. and Saidaengkham, S. (2009). Hopane triterpenes as chemotaxonomic markers for the scale insect pathogens

, 113(4), 491-497.

48. Isaka, M., Palasarn, S., Auncharoen, P., Komwijit, S. and Gareth J.E.B. (2009). Acremoxanthones A and B, novel antibiotic polyketides from the fungus sp. BCC 31806.

, 50(3), 284-287.

49. Isaka, M., Palasarn, S., Lapanun, S., Chanthaket, R., Boonyuen, N. and Lumyong, S. (2009). γ-Lactones and -Eudesmane Sesquiterpenes from the Endophytic Fungus sp. BCC 13199. , 72(9), 1720-1722.

50. Isaka, M., Srisanoh, U., Veeranondha, S., Choowong, W. and Lumyong, S. (2009). Cytotoxic eremophilane sesquiterpenoids from the saprobic fungus BCC 8220. , 65(43), 8808-8815.

51. Isaka, M., Yangchum, A., Intamas, S., Kocharin, K., Jones, E.B.G., Kongsaeree, P. and Prabpai, S. (2009). Aigialomycins and related polyketide metabolites from the mangrove fungus

BCC 5311. , 65(22), 4396-4403.

52. Issarapayup, K., Powtongsook, S. and Pavasant, P. (2009). Flat panel airlift photobioreactors for cultivation of vegetative cells of microalga

, 142(3-4), 227-232.

53. Jangbua, P., Laoteng, K., Kitsubun, P., Nopharatana, M. and Tongta, A. (2009). Gamma-linolenic acid production of by solid-state fermentation using agricultural by-products.

, 49(1), 91-97.

54. Jaroenram, W., Kiatpathomchai, W. and Flegel, T.W. (2009). Rapid and sensitive detection of white spot syndrome virus by loop- mediated isothermal amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick.

, 23(2), 65-70.

55. Jindamorakot, S., Ninomiya, S., Limtong, S., Yongmanitchai, W., Tuntirungkij, M., Potacharoen, W., Tanaka, K., Kawasaki, H. and Nakase, T. (2009). Three new species of bipolar budding yeasts of the genus

and its anamorph isolated in Thailand. , 9(8), 1327-1337.

56. Jirakkakul, J., Punya, J., Pongpattanakitshote, S., Paungmoung, P., Vorapreeda, N., Tachaleat, A., Klomnara, C., Tanticharoen, M. and Cheevadhanarak, S. (2008). Identification of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene responsible for bassianolide synthesis in wood-decaying fungus sp. BCC1067.

, 154(4), 995-1006.

57. Jiravanichpaisal, P., Roos, S., Edsman, L., Liu, H. and Söderhäll, K. (2009). A highly virulent pathogen, , from the freshwater crayfish

, 101(1), 56-66.

58. Jitvaropas, R., Amparyup, P., Gross, P.S. and Tassanakajon, A. (2009). Functional characterization of a masquerade-like serine proteinase homologue from the black tiger shrimp

, 153(3),

236-243.

59. Johnson, D., Sung, G.-H., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Luangsa-Ard, J.J., Bischoff, J.F., Kepler, R.M. and Spatafora, J.W. (2009). Systematics and evolution of the genus

, 113(3), 279-289.

60. Jone, E.B.G., Klaysuban, A. and Pang, K.-L. (2008). Ribosomal DNA phylogeny of marine anamorphic fungi:

species and ,

19, 11-18.

61. Jones, E.B.G., Sakayaroj, J., Suetrong, S., Somrithipol, S. and Pang, K.L. (2009). Classification of marine Ascomycota, anamorphic taxa and Basidiomycota.

, 35, 1-187.

5 7

62. Jones, E.B.G., Zuccaro, A., Mitchell, J., Nakagiri, A., Chatmala, I. and Pang, K.-L. (2009). Phylogenetic position of freshwater and marine species: Introducing a marine hyphomycete gen. nov. (Halosphaeriales). , 52(4), 349-359.

63. Jongkol, R., Choommongkol, R., Tarnchompoo, B., Nimmanpipug, P. and Meepowpan, P. (2009). Syntheses of methylenolactocin and nephrosterinic acid via diastereoselective acylation and chemoselective reduction- lactonization. , 65(32), 6382-6389.

64. Kaewmanee, T., Benjakul, S. and Visessanguan, W. (2009). Changes in chemical composition, physical properties and microstructure of duck egg as influenced by salting. , 112(3), 560-569.

65. Karoonuthaisiri, N., Sittikankeaw, K., Preechaphol, R., Kalachikov, S., Wongsurawat, T., Uawisetwathana, U., Russo, J.J., Ju, J., Klinbunga, S. and Kirtikara, K. (2009). ReproArrayGTS: A cDNA microarray for identification of reproduction-related genes in the giant tiger shrimp and characterization of a novel

gene.

, 4(2), 90-99.

66. Khamnamtong, B., Klinbunga, S. and Menasveta, P. (2009). Genetic diversity and geographic differentiation of the giant tiger shrimp ( ) in Thailand analyzed by mitochondrial COI sequences.

, 47(1-2), 42-55.

67. Klinbunga, S., Amparyup, P., Khamnamtong, B., Hirono, I., Aoki, T. and Jarayabhand, P. (2009). Isolation and Characterization of Testis- Specific in the Tropical Abalone ( ). , 47(1-2), 66-79.

68. Klinbunga, S., Amparyup, P., Khamnamtong, B., Hirono, I., Aoki, T. and Jarayabhand, P. (2009). Identification, Characterization, and Expression of the Genes and 66.0 in the Tropical Abalone

, 26(6), 429-436.

69. Klomklao, S., Benjakul, S., Visessanguan, W., Kishimura, H. and Simpson, B.K. (2009). Extraction of carotenoprotein from black tiger shrimp shells with the aid of bluefish trypsin.

, 33(2), 201-217.

70. Kommanee, J., Akaracharanya, A., Tanasupawat, S., Malimas, T., Yukphan, P., Nakagawa, Y. and Yamada, Y. (2008). Identification of

strains isolated in Thailand based on 16S-23S rRNA gene ITS restriction and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses.

, 58(4), 741-747.

71. Koobkokkruad, T., Chochai, A., Kirdmanee, C. and De-Eknamkul, W. (2008). Effects of low-dose gamma irradiation on artemisinin content and amorpha-4,11-diene synthase activity in

L. , 84(11), 878-884.

72. Kooptiwut, S., Sujjitjoon, J., Plengvidhya, N., Boonyasrisawat, W., Chongjaroen, N., Jungtrakoon, P., Semprasert, N., Furuta, H., Nanjo, K., Banchuin, N. and Yenchitsomanus, P. (2009). Functional defect of truncated hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α (G554fsX556) associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Biochemical and

, 383(1), 68-72.

73. Kornsakulkarn, J., Thongpanchang, C., Lapanun, S. and Srichomthong, K. (2009). Isocoumarin Glucosides from the Scale Insect Fungus

BCC 12732. , 72(7), 1341-1343 .

74. Kunkeaw, S., Tangphatsornruang, S., Smith, D.R. and Triwitayakorn, K. (2009). Genetic linkage map of cassava ( ) based on AFLP and SSR markers.

, 129(1), 112-115.

75. Kurdi, P., Smitinont, T. and Valyasevi, R. (2009). Isolation and characterization of acid- sensitive mutants of

, 26(1), 82-87.

76. Kutako, M., Limpiyakorn, T., Luepromchai, E., Powtongsook, S. and Menasveta, P. (2009). Inorganic Nitrogen Conversion and Changes of Bacterial Community in Sediment from Shrimp Pond after Methanol Addition.

, 9(16), 2907-2915.

77. Leelatanawit, R., Klinbunga, S., Aoki, T., Hirono, I., Valyasevi, R. and Menasveta, P. (2008). Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) for isolation and characterization of genes related to testicular development in the giant tiger shrimp

, 41(11), 796-802.

78. Leelatanawit, R., Sittikankeaw, K., Yocawibun, P., Klinbunga, S., Roytrakul, S., Aoki, T., Hirono, I. and Menasveta, P. (2009). Identification, characterization and expression of sex- related genes in testes of the giant tiger shrimp

, 152(1), 66-76.

79. Lertsutthiwong, P., Sutti, S. and Powtongsook, S. (2009). Optimization of chitosan flocculation for phytoplankton removal in shrimp culture ponds. , 41(3), 188-193.

80. Limjindaporn, T., Wongwiwat, W., Noisakran, S., Srisawat, C., Netsawang, J., Puttikhunt, C., Kasinrerk, W., Avirutnan, P., Thiemmeca, S., Sriburi, R., Sittisombut, N., Malasit, P. and Yenchitsomanus, P. (2009). Interaction of dengue virus envelope protein with endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperones facilitates dengue virus production.

, 379(2), 196-200.

5 8

81. Limpanawat, S., Promdonkoy, B. and Boonserm, P. (2009). The C-Terminal Domain of BinA Is Responsible for Binary Toxin BinA-BinB Interaction.

, 59(5), 509-513.

82. Limtong, S., Kaewwichian, R., Am-In, S., Boonmak, C., Jindamorakot, S., Yongmanitchai, W., Srisuk, N., Kawasaki, H. and Nakase, T. (2009). Three anamorphic yeast species

sp. nov., sp. nov. and , three novel yeasts in the Saturnispora clade isolated in Thailand.

, doi:10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00566.x

83. Liu, H., Söderhäll, K. and Jiravanichpaisal, P. (2009). Antiviral immunity in crustaceans.

, 27(2), 79-88.

84. Longyant, S., Poyoi, P., Chaivisuthangkura, P., Tejangkura, T., Sithigorngul, W., Sithigorngul, P. and Rukpratanporn, S. (2008). Specific monoclonal antibodies raised against Taura syndrome virus (TSV) capsid protein VP3 detect TSV in single and dual infections with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV).

, 79(1), 75-81.

85. Longyant, S., Rukpratanporn, S., Chaivisuthangkura, P., Suksawad, P., Srisuk, C., Sithigorngul, W., Piyatiratitivorakul, S. and Sithigorngul, P. (2008). Identification of Vibrio spp. in vibriosis using developed monoclonal antibodies.

, 98(1), 63-68.

86. Lozovsky, E.R., Chookajorn, T., Brown, K.M., Imwong, M., Shaw, P.J., Kamchonwongpaisan, S., Neafsey, D.E., Weinreich, D.M. and Hartl, D.L. (2009). Stepwise acquisition of pyrimethamine resistance in the malaria parasite.

, 106(29), 12025-12030.

87. Luangsa-Ard, J.J., Berkaew, P., Ridkaew, R., Hywel-Jones, N. L. and Isaka, M. (2009). A beauvericin hot spot in the genus

, 113(12), 1389-1395.

88. Luangsakul, N., Keeratipibul, S., Jindamorakot, S. and Tanasupawat, S. (2009). Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts isolated from the starter doughs for Chinese steamed buns in Thailand.

, 42(8), 1404-1412.

89. Luxananil, P., Promchai, R., Wanasen, S., Kamdee, S., Thepkasikul, P., Plengvidhya, V., Visessanguan, W. and Valyasevi, R. (2009). Monitoring BCC 9546 starter culture during fermentation of Nham, a traditional Thai pork sausage.

, 129(3), 312-315.

90. Maenpuen, S., Sopitthummakhun, K., Yuthavong, Y., Chaiyen, P. and Leartsakulpanich, U. (2009). Characterization of

serine hydroxymethyltransferase-A potential antimalarial target.

, 168(1), 63-73.

91. Maitarad, P., Kamchonwongpaisan, S., Vanichtanankul, J., Vilaivan, T., Yuthavong, Y. and Hannongbua, S. (2009). Interactions between cycloguanil derivatives and wild type and resistance-associated mutant

dihydrofolate reductases.

, 23(4), 241-252.

92. Maitarad, P., Saparpakoen, P., Hannongbua, S., Kamchonwongpaisan, S., Tarnchompoo, B. and Yuthavong, Y. (2009). Particular interaction between pyrimethamine derivatives and quadruple mutant type dihydrofolate reductase of : CoMFA and quantum chemical calculations studies.

, 24(2), 471-479.

93. Malimas, T., Yukphan, P., Takahashi, M., Muramatsu, Y., Kaneyasu, M., Potacharoen, W., Tanasupawat, S., Nakagawa, Y., Tanticharoen, M. and Yamada, Y. (2008).

(Ameyama 1975) comb. nov., a brown pigment-producing acetic acid bacterium in the

, 54(4), 211-220.

94. Malimas, T., Yukphan, P., Takahashi, M., Muramatsu, Y., Kaneyasu, M., Potacharoen, W., Tanasupawat, S., Nakagawa, Y., Tanticharoen, M. and Yamada, Y. (2009).

sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium in the

, 59(3), 466-471.

95. Meerak, J., Yukphan, P., Miyashita, M., Sato, H., Nakagawa, Y. and Tahara, Y. (2008). Phylogeny of γ-polyglutamic acid-producing

strain isolated from a fermented locust bean product manufactured in West Africa.

, 54(3), 159-166.

96. Mhuanthong, W. and Wichadakul, D. (2009). MicroPC (μPC): A comprehensive resource for predicting and comparing plant microRNAs.

, 10, 366.

97. Mokmak, W., Tongsima, S. and Jenwitheesuk, E. (2009). Molecular dynamics simulation of a human thiopurine S-methyltransferase complexed with 6-mercaptopurine model.

, 4(2), 59-62.

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197. Yorsangsukkamol, J., Chaiprasert, A., Prammananan, T., Palittapongarnpim, P., Limsoontarakul, S. and Prayoonwiwat, N. (2009). Molecular analysis of from tuberculous meningitis patients in Thailand.

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198. Yuen, C.Y.L., Leelapon, O., Chanvivattana, Y., Warakanont, J. and Narangajavana, J. (2009). Molecular characterization of two genes encoding plastidic ATP/ADP transport proteins in cassava. , 53(1), 37-44.

199. Zo, Y.-G., Chokesajjawatee, N., Grim, C., Arakawa, E., Watanabe, H. and Colwell, R.R. (2009). Diversity and seasonally of bioluminescent Vibrio cholerae populations in Chesapeake bay. , 75(1), 135-146.

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LIST OF PATENT AND PETTYPATENT APPLICATIONS

Patent Applications

Title of PatentDate of

ApplicationCountry

Process for gamma-linolenic acid production by fungi using batch fermentation

22 Oct 2008 Thailand

Process for production of essential unsaturated fatty acids, gamma-linolenic and stearidonic acids, by recombinant

3 April 2009 Thailand

Evaluation technique for blast Resistance in rice seedlings under sterile and controlled environmental condition

30 Sep 2009 Thailand

Plant improvement technique to increase artemisinin in 12 March 2009 Thailand

Method for DNA extraction from sperm using tributyl phosphine 7 May 2009 Thailand

Interpretation peripheral technique for genotyping test for HIV drug resistance using proper standard virus subtype as a reference

27 Nov 2008 Thailand

Detection technique for a variation in single nucleotide or SNP associated with beef tenderness

3 April 2009 Thailand

Method for calculating fat content in meat using image processing 30 July 2009 Thailand

Method for identifying cattle breed using SNP markers 24 Sep 2009 Thailand

Method for identifying human population using SNP markers 24 Sep 2009 Thailand

An expectation-maximization haplotype inferencing device implemented by field programmable gate array technology

26 Feb 2009 Thailand

An automated interpretation support system for identifying thalassemia, thalassemia carrier and abnormal hemoglobin

12 June 2009 Thailand

Antibody array chip for simultaneous detection of multiple foodborne pathogens

4 June 2009 Thailand

Monoclonal antibody specific to progesterone and its applications 18 June 2009 Thailand

Method for hybridoma screening by antibody array using whole-cell bacteria labeled with fluorescent dye in solution as a reporter

24 Sep 2009 Thailand

Method for hybridoma screening by antibody array using whole-cell bacteria coated on a solid surface and a fluorescently labeled anti-mouse antibody as a reporter

24 Sep 2009 Thailand

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Method for detecting target DNA using gold nanoparticle-labeled two reporting probes

2 July 2009 Thailand

Novel acid-sensitive BCC 36442 26 June 2009 Thailand

Production of sour soy sauce by using fermentation products of starter cultures

30 Sep 2009 Thailand

Protein extraction buffer and its method of extraction from microorganisms

28 August 2009 Taiwan

Insoluble dye-linked substrate film for simple detection of polysaccharide degrading enzyme activity

24 Sep 2009 Thailand

Malaria detection and identification in thin blood smears using image processing technique

30 July 2009 Thailand

Technique for long-term preservation of insect-pathogenic fungi 28 Jan 2009 Thailand

Process for producing low-cyanide cassava flour 24 Sep 2009 Thailand

Method to increase the activity of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) degrading enzymes

7 Sep 2009Thailand

DNA vectors for producing recombinant protein in spp. 17 Sep 2009 Thailand

Recombinant plasmid p1kb-11k for the production of 1 kilobase range standard DNA molecular weight markers

26 Feb 2009 Thailand

DNA markers for varietal authentication of Dendrobium 9 March 2009 Thailand

Production of double-stranded RNA using a two-step cloning procedure 24 May 2009 Thailand

Pure anti-fungal compound, Ascherxanthone B 10 Oct 2008 Thailand

Process of water quality treatment using chitosan for the flocculation of suspended solid

11 Oct 2009 Thailand

Gene-based markers and its application for cultivar identification 4 Nov 2008 Thailand

Petty Patent Applications in Thailand

Title of Petty Patent Date of Application

Detection method for shrimp white spot syndrome virus 13 Nov 2008

Detection method for shrimp infectious myonecrosis virus 13 Nov 2008

Culture medium containing by-products from vegetable oil processing and a preparing method thereof

13 Nov 2008

6 6

Prof. Morakot Tanticharoen

Outstanding Alternative Energy Science Leader Award in the field of biogas technology, presented at the World Alternative Energy Sciences Expo 2009 in Thailand

Prof. Pa-thai Yenchitsomanus

Medical Biotechnology Research Unit

TRF-Senior Research Scholar 2007 Scholar in the academic field of “Human Genetics and Medical Molecular Biology”, awarded by Thailand Research Fund (TRF) and Commission of Higher Education (CHE)

Prof. Watchara Kasinrerk

Biomedical Technology Research Center

Innovation Ambassador 2009 in the field of bio-business for the work on “Development of high-efficiency hybridoma technique for monoclonal antibody production, studies of leukocyte surface molecules and development of immunodiagnostic reagents”, awarded by National Innovation Agency

Dr. Sorawit Powtongsook

Center of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology

Innovation Ambassador 2009 in the field of bio-business for the work on “Development of re-circulating water system for aquaculture farming”, awarded by National Innovation Agency

Dr. Lily Eurwilaichitr

Bioresources Technology Unit

Taguchi Award 2008 for outstanding research achievement in “Development of enzyme technology for industries in Thailand”, awarded by Thai Society for Biotechnology and Taguchi Fund

Mrs. Wansika Kiatpathomchai and Mr. Narong Arunrut

Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology

Research Award 2008 (Agricultural Science and Biology) for the work on “Detection method for Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV) using LAMP and LFD techniques”, awarded by National Research Council of Thailand

Dr. Bunpote Siridechadilok

Medical Biotechnology Medical Biotechnology Research Unit

Thesis Award 2008 (Medical Science) for the PhD thesis entitled “Structural Studies of Translation Initiation by the Internal Ribosomal Entry Site of Hepatitis C Virus”, awarded by National Research Council of Thailand

HONORS AND AWARDS

67

Dr. Kalyanee Paithoonrangsarid

Biochemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Research and Development Unit

Thesis Award 2008 (Agricultural Science and Biology) for the PhD thesis entitled “Genome - based Systematic Analysis of Hyperosmotic Stress Signal Transduction in . PCC 6803”, awarded by National Research Council of Thailand

Mr. Prasert Srikitikulchai

Bioresources Technology Unit

Best Poster Presentation Award for the poster entitled “Biodiversity of Termite-associated Species in Thailand”, presented at the International Conference on Evolution and Charles Darwin: From Morphology to Molecules.

Mr. Wuttichai Mhuantong

Bioresources Technology Unit

Best Poster Award in Plant Biotechnology for the poster entitled “Large scale identification and comparison of miRNAs and targets in diverse plant species”, presented at the Agricultural Biotechnology International Conference 2009 (ABIC 2009)

Dr. Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang

Genome Institute

Best Poster Award in Plant Biotechnology for the poster “A draft of the mungbean chloroplast genome sequence: comparative structural analysis and annotation”, presented at the Agricultural Biotechnology International Conference 2009 (ABIC 2009)

Ms. Thidathip Wongsurawat

BIOTEC Central Research Unit

Best Poster Award in Aquaculture Biotechnology for the poster “ analysis of testes ESTs to unravel relevant genes for testicular development in the black tiger shrimp”, presented at the Agricultural Biotechnology International Conference 2009 (ABIC 2009)

Mr. Soonthorn Todam and Bala Conservation Youth Group

Peat Swamp and Hala-Bala Rain Forest Research Unit and Theppratan School, Narathiwat Province

Green Globe Award 2008 (Youth Category) for the work on “Biodiversity inventory of flora in the southern part of Thailand”, awarded by PTT Public Company Limited

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Executive Board

Advisors Mr. Dumrong Indhrameesup Vice President for Administration, Rangsit University

Prof. Naksitte Coovattanachai Director of the Royal Golden Jubilee PhD Program, Thailand Research Fund (TRF)

Prof. Sanit Aksornkoae President, Thailand Environment Institute (TEI)

Dr. Sermpol Ratasuk Expert, TEAM Consulting Engineering and Management Co., Ltd. (TEAM)

Chairman

Prof. Sujin Jinahyon President, Naresuan University

Vice Chairman

Dr. Sakarindr Bhumiratana President, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)

Members

Prof. Narongsak Chaiyabutr Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University

Prof. Prapon Wilairat Faculty of Science, Mahidol University

Mr. Pornsil Patchrintanakul Vice President, Charoen Pokphand Group Deputy Secretary General, Thai Chamber of Commerce

Prof. Peerasak Srinives Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University

Dr. Vichai Chokevivat Director, Institute for Development of Human Research Protection

Mrs. Vipajaree Putthamilinprateep Bureau of the Budget

Prof. Sawasd Tantaratana Director, Thailand Research Fund (TRF)

Mr. Somchai Charnnarongkul Director General, Department of Agriculture

Dr. Somsak Chunharas Secretary General, National Health Foundation

Prof. Amaret Bhumiratana Faculty of Science, Mahidol University

Dr. Kanyawim Kirtikara Executive Director, BIOTEC

Ms. Dussadee Siamhan Deputy Executive Director, BIOTEC

EXECUTIVES AND MANAGEMENT TEAM

6 9

International Advisory Board

Chairman

Prof. Ken-ichi Arai Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo, JAPAN

Members

Dr. Roger N. Beachy President, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA

Dr. Jill Conley Director, International and Precollege Science Education Programs Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), USA

Prof. Mauro Giacca Director, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) Trieste, ITALY

Prof. Paul Greenfield Vice-Chancellor, The University of Queensland, AUSTRALIA

Dr. Ming-Chu Hsu Chairman & CEO, TaiGen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., TAIWAN

Prof. Lene Lange Vice Dean for Faculty of Engineering, Science and Medicine, Aalborg University, DENMARK

Prof. Anthony Turner Commercial Director & Distinguished Professor of Biotechnology, Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, UK

Prof. Dyann Wirth Chair, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, USA

Prof. Albert Cheung Hoi Yu Vice-Director and Professor, Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, CHINA

Management TeamDr. Kanyawim KirtikaraExecutive Director

Ms. Dussadee SiamhanDeputy Executive Director

Dr. Suvit TiaDeputy Executive Director

Ms. Kruawan PotisombatAssistant Director

Dr. Omjai SaimekAssistant Director

ISBN 978-616-12-0071-8