thought questions we are finding the space is vast and full of stars. are we just a small...
TRANSCRIPT
Thought QuestionsThought Questions
We are finding the space is vast We are finding the space is vast and full of stars. Are we just a and full of stars. Are we just a small insignificant part of the small insignificant part of the universe?universe?
““We are a way that the universe can know itself.” We are a way that the universe can know itself.”
Planet ComparisonsPlanet Comparisons
Property Terrestrial Planets Jovian Planets
Distance Close Farfrom the Sun
Size Small Large
Mass Small Large
Composition Rocky Solar-like
Density High Low
Bode’s LawBode’s Law a simple rule that gives the distances of the a simple rule that gives the distances of the
planets from the Sun planets from the Sun
AU10
4Planet a of RadiusOrbit
NRN
where N=0, 3, 6, 12, 24…for Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, etc.
____ 24 (24+4)/10 = 2.8 AU _______
Planet N Bode’s Law Radii True Orbital Radii
Mercury 0 (0+4)/10 = 0.4 AU 0.39 AU
Venus 3 (3+4)/10 = 0.7 AU 0.72 AU
Earth 6 (6+4)/10 = 1.0 AU 1.00 AU
Mars 12 (12+4)/10 = 1.6 AU 1.52 AU
Jupiter 48 (48+4)/10 = 5.2 AU 5.2 AU
Saturn 96 (96+4)/10 = 10.0 AU 9.5 AU
Uranus 192 (192+4)/10 = 19.6 AU 19.2 AU
Neptune ? ? 30.1 AU
Pluto 384 (384+4)/10 = 38.8 AU 39.5 AU
CeresCeres 2424 2.88 AU2.88 AU
What does Bode’s Law tell us?What does Bode’s Law tell us?
Bode's Law predicted that there should be a Bode's Law predicted that there should be a planet between the orbits of Mars and planet between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Jupiter.
The "missing planet" turned out to be the The "missing planet" turned out to be the asteroid belt.asteroid belt.
The Origin of the Solar SystemThe Origin of the Solar SystemFour ChallengesFour Challenges
1. Patterns of Motion1. Patterns of MotionPlanets Planets orbitorbit in the same direction... in the same direction...
...in nearly the same plane......in nearly the same plane...
...in nearly circular orbits....in nearly circular orbits.
Most planets Most planets rotaterotate in the same direction. in the same direction.
Most Most moonsmoons orbit in the same direction. orbit in the same direction.
2. Categorizing Planets2. Categorizing PlanetsPlanets are either rocky or gas-rich.Planets are either rocky or gas-rich.
The Origin of the Solar SystemThe Origin of the Solar SystemFour ChallengesFour Challenges
3. Asteroids and Comets3. Asteroids and CometsMost asteroids are found between Mars and Jupiter.Most asteroids are found between Mars and Jupiter.
Most comets have highly elliptical orbits.Most comets have highly elliptical orbits.
4. Exceptions to the Rules4. Exceptions to the RulesWhat about Pluto’s elliptical orbit and composition?What about Pluto’s elliptical orbit and composition?
What about the odd rotation of Venus and Uranus?What about the odd rotation of Venus and Uranus?
Formation of the Solar SystemFormation of the Solar System The solar system is thought to have formed from a The solar system is thought to have formed from a
cloud of gas and dust in a process know as cloud of gas and dust in a process know as accretionaccretion.. Our Sun is thought to be a Our Sun is thought to be a second generation starsecond generation star. . What does that mean?What does that mean?
During the first few million years, matter in the During the first few million years, matter in the accretion disk of our accretion disk of our protosunprotosun coalesced… coalesced…
...in the larger objects called ...in the larger objects called planetesimalsplanetesimals, with , with diameters of about 100 km.diameters of about 100 km.
We see evidence of We see evidence of accretion disk accretion disk around other stars. around other stars.
For example, For example, Pictoris. Pictoris.
Collisions of Collisions of planetesimalsplanetesimals dominated dominated the early solar system…the early solar system…
...and these objects ...and these objects combined to form our combined to form our planetsplanets..
We see evidence of early We see evidence of early collisions in our solar collisions in our solar system in the form of system in the form of impact cratersimpact craters on the on the planets and their moons.planets and their moons.
Hum…
In addition to the 9 major planets, there are In addition to the 9 major planets, there are at least 100 moons in our solar system. at least 100 moons in our solar system.
While some of these moons are spherical, While some of these moons are spherical, most look roughly like potatoes.most look roughly like potatoes.
There is still minor debris left over from the There is still minor debris left over from the formation of the solar system: formation of the solar system: – asteroids and comets.asteroids and comets.
Compare these spectra.Compare these spectra.
Spectrum of Hydrogen in Lab
Spectrum a Star…..Day 1
What do these spectra tell us about the star?
Spectrum a Star…..Day 2
Spectrum a Star…..Day 3
Spectrum a Star…..Day 4
Compare these spectra.Compare these spectra.
Spectrum of Hydrogen in Lab
Spectrum a Star…..Day 1
What do these spectra tell us about the star?
Spectrum a Star…..Day 2
Spectrum a Star…..Day 3
Spectrum a Star…..Day 4
Spectrum a Star…..Day 5
Planets outside of our solar system have Planets outside of our solar system have been found recently using Doppler shifts in been found recently using Doppler shifts in the spectra of some stars.the spectra of some stars.
http://observe.phy.sfasu.edu/courses/ast105/lectures105/chapter06/oscillation_of_absorp_line.htmhttp://observe.phy.sfasu.edu/courses/ast105/lectures105/chapter06/oscillation_of_absorp_line.htm
End of SectionEnd of Sectionhttp://observe.phy.sfasu.edu/courses/ast105/lectures105/chapter06/http://observe.phy.sfasu.edu/courses/ast105/lectures105/chapter06/
Daily GradeDaily GradeMatchingMatching
1. Reddish color of Mars1. Reddish color of Mars 2. Red-orange color of Jupiter's belts2. Red-orange color of Jupiter's belts 3. Venus' yellowish clouds3. Venus' yellowish clouds 4. Blue-green color of the surface of 4. Blue-green color of the surface of
Uranus and NeptuneUranus and Neptune 5. The yellow and orange color of Io5. The yellow and orange color of Io
a. ammonia cloudsa. ammonia clouds b. sulfur powderb. sulfur powder c. sulfuric acid clouds c. sulfuric acid clouds d. methane clouds d. methane clouds e. irone. iron
Daily GradeDaily GradeMatchingMatching
6. Has an almost featureless surface6. Has an almost featureless surface 7. The brightest planet seen from Earth7. The brightest planet seen from Earth 8. The most distant planet in 19968. The most distant planet in 1996 9. Last planet in our solar system to be discovered9. Last planet in our solar system to be discovered 10. A possible fossil of single-cell life was found 10. A possible fossil of single-cell life was found
on a meteorite from this planeton a meteorite from this planet
a. Suna. Sun b. Mercuryb. Mercury
c. Venus c. Venus d. Earthd. Earth e. Marse. Mars f. Jupiterf. Jupiter g. Saturng. Saturn h. Uranush. Uranus i. Neptune i. Neptune j. Plutoj. Pluto