thunderstorms chap. 13 thunderstorms severe weather tropical storms recurring weather
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ThunderstormsThunderstormsChap. 13Chap. 13Chap. 13Chap. 13
Thunderstorms
Severe Weather
Tropical Storms
Recurring Weather
Thunderstorms
The End
Severe Weather
The End
Tropical Storms
This image shows damage done by This image shows damage done by hurricane Lili in 2002hurricane Lili in 2002
I.I. Tropical CyclonesTropical Cyclones
I.I. Tropical CyclonesTropical CyclonesA.A. Energy comes from warm ocean Energy comes from warm ocean
waterswaters
I.I. Tropical CyclonesTropical CyclonesA.A. Energy comes from warm ocean Energy comes from warm ocean
waterswaters
B.B. Area of low pressure forms as a Area of low pressure forms as a result of instabilityresult of instability
I.I. Tropical CyclonesTropical CyclonesC.C. Coriolis effect moves air Coriolis effect moves air
counterclockwise (in N. hemisphere)counterclockwise (in N. hemisphere)
I.I. Tropical CyclonesTropical CyclonesC.C. Coriolis effect moves air Coriolis effect moves air
counterclockwise (in N. hemisphere)counterclockwise (in N. hemisphere)
D.D. NamesNames
I.I. Tropical CyclonesTropical CyclonesC.C. Coriolis effect moves air Coriolis effect moves air
counterclockwise (in N. hemisphere)counterclockwise (in N. hemisphere)
D.D. NamesNames1.1. Typhoons (in western Pacific Ocean)Typhoons (in western Pacific Ocean)
I.I. Tropical CyclonesTropical CyclonesC.C. Coriolis effect moves air Coriolis effect moves air
counterclockwise (in N. hemisphere)counterclockwise (in N. hemisphere)
D.D. NamesNames1.1. Typhoons (in western Pacific Ocean)Typhoons (in western Pacific Ocean)
2.2. Cyclones (Indian ocean)Cyclones (Indian ocean)
I.I. Tropical CyclonesTropical CyclonesC.C. Coriolis effect moves air Coriolis effect moves air
counterclockwise (in N. hemisphere)counterclockwise (in N. hemisphere)
D.D. NamesNames1.1. Typhoons (in western Pacific Ocean)Typhoons (in western Pacific Ocean)
2.2. Cyclones (Indian ocean)Cyclones (Indian ocean)
3.3. HurricanesHurricanes
I.I. Tropical CyclonesTropical CyclonesE.E. Paths of a stormPaths of a storm
II.II. HurricanesHurricanes
A.A. PartsPartsII.II. HurricanesHurricanes
A.A. PartsParts
1.1. EyeEye
Center of hurricane, characterized by calm Center of hurricane, characterized by calm winds and low pressurewinds and low pressure
II.II. HurricanesHurricanes
A.A. PartsParts
1.1. EyeEye
2.2. EyewallEyewall
Band immediately surrounding eye, where Band immediately surrounding eye, where strongest winds are found.strongest winds are found.
II.II. HurricanesHurricanes
A.A. PartsParts
B.B. StagesStages
II.II. HurricanesHurricanes
A.A. PartsParts
B.B. StagesStages
Tropical Tropical DepressionDepression
38 mph38 mph
II.II. HurricanesHurricanes
A.A. PartsParts
B.B. StagesStages
Tropical Tropical DepressionDepression
Tropical Tropical StormStorm
38 mph38 mph 39-73 mph39-73 mph
II.II. HurricanesHurricanes
A.A. PartsParts
B.B. StagesStages
Tropical Tropical DepressionDepression
Tropical Tropical StormStorm HurricaneHurricane
38 mph38 mph 39-73 mph39-73 mph 74- mph74- mph
II.II. HurricanesHurricanes
A.A. PartsParts
B.B. StagesStages
C.C. CategoriesCategories
Use the Saffir-Simpson scaleUse the Saffir-Simpson scale
II.II. HurricanesHurricanes
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane ScaleSaffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
CategoryCategorySustained Sustained
WindsWinds DamageDamage
11 74-95 mph74-95 mph MinimalMinimal
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane ScaleSaffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
CategoryCategorySustained Sustained
WindsWinds DamageDamage
11 74-95 mph74-95 mph MinimalMinimal
22 96-110 mph96-110 mph ModerateModerate
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane ScaleSaffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
CategoryCategorySustained Sustained
WindsWinds DamageDamage
11 74-95 mph74-95 mph MinimalMinimal
22 96-110 mph96-110 mph ModerateModerate
33 111-130 mph111-130 mph ExtensiveExtensive
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane ScaleSaffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
CategoryCategorySustained Sustained
WindsWinds DamageDamage
11 74-95 mph74-95 mph MinimalMinimal
22 96-110 mph96-110 mph ModerateModerate
33 111-130 mph111-130 mph ExtensiveExtensive
44 131-155 mph131-155 mph ExtremeExtreme
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane ScaleSaffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
CategoryCategorySustained Sustained
WindsWinds DamageDamage
11 74-95 mph74-95 mph MinimalMinimal
22 96-110 mph96-110 mph ModerateModerate
33 111-130 mph111-130 mph ExtensiveExtensive
44 131-155 mph131-155 mph ExtremeExtreme
55 >155 mph>155 mph CatastrophicCatastrophic
II.II. HurricanesHurricanesD.D. HazardsHazards
A ‘mound’ of water driven to shore by A ‘mound’ of water driven to shore by hurricane winds (up to 18 ft above normal level)hurricane winds (up to 18 ft above normal level)
1.1. Storm surgesStorm surges
II.II. HurricanesHurricanesD.D. HazardsHazards
Can cause floodingCan cause flooding
1.1. Storm surgesStorm surges
2.2. RainsRains
II.II. HurricanesHurricanesD.D. HazardsHazards
Can cause severe structural damage.Can cause severe structural damage.
1.1. Storm surgesStorm surges
2.2. RainsRains
3.3. WindsWinds
The End
Recurring Weather
I.I. Floods and DroughtsFloods and Droughts
I.I. Floods and DroughtsFloods and DroughtsA.A. FloodsFloods
Occur when more water falls than can infiltrate Occur when more water falls than can infiltrate or runoff an area.or runoff an area.
I.I. Floods and DroughtsFloods and DroughtsA.A. FloodsFloods
1.1. Flash floods can develop within minutes Flash floods can develop within minutes or hours of rain.or hours of rain.
I.I. Floods and DroughtsFloods and DroughtsA.A. FloodsFloods
1.1. Flash floods can develop within minutes Flash floods can develop within minutes or hours of rain.or hours of rain.
2.2. Almost half of flood fatalities are vehicle Almost half of flood fatalities are vehicle related.related.
I.I. Floods and DroughtsFloods and DroughtsA.A. FloodsFloods
1.1. Flash floods can develop within minutes Flash floods can develop within minutes or hours of rain.or hours of rain.
2.2. Almost half of flood fatalities are vehicle Almost half of flood fatalities are vehicle related.related.
3.3. Six inches of fast moving water can Six inches of fast moving water can knock you off your feet.knock you off your feet.
I.I. Floods and DroughtsFloods and DroughtsB.B. DroughtsDroughts
Extended periods of less than normal rainfall.Extended periods of less than normal rainfall.
I.I. Floods and DroughtsFloods and Droughts
High pressure system with no jet stream activityHigh pressure system with no jet stream activity
B.B. DroughtsDroughts1.1. CausesCauses
I.I. Floods and DroughtsFloods and Droughts
1.1. CausesCauses
2.2. EffectsEffects
Affects agriculture, livestock, & people.Affects agriculture, livestock, & people.
B.B. DroughtsDroughts
II.II. Temperature conditionsTemperature conditions
Extended periods of above-normal temperaturesExtended periods of above-normal temperatures
A.A. Heat wavesHeat waves
II.II. Temperature conditionsTemperature conditions
1.1. CausesCauses
Caused by high pressure system – sinking air Caused by high pressure system – sinking air warms as it’s compressed and blocks cooler air.warms as it’s compressed and blocks cooler air.
A.A. Heat wavesHeat waves
II.II. Temperature conditionsTemperature conditions
1.1. CausesCauses
2.2. Humidity adds to discomfortHumidity adds to discomfort
Moisture in the atmosphere decreases Moisture in the atmosphere decreases evaporation of sweat from your skin.evaporation of sweat from your skin.
A.A. Heat wavesHeat waves
II.II. Temperature conditionsTemperature conditions
1.1. CausesCauses
2.2. Humidity adds to discomfortHumidity adds to discomfort
3.3. Heat indexHeat index
A.A. Heat wavesHeat waves
Table used to determine apparent temperatureTable used to determine apparent temperature
Heat IndexHeat Index
II.II. Temperature conditionsTemperature conditionsB.B. Cold wavesCold waves
Extended period of colder than normal temps.Extended period of colder than normal temps.
II.II. Temperature conditionsTemperature conditions
1.1. CausesCauses
B.B. Cold wavesCold waves
Caused by high pressure polar or arctic airCaused by high pressure polar or arctic air
II.II. Temperature conditionsTemperature conditions
1.1. CausesCauses
2.2. Jet stream keeps these air masses Jet stream keeps these air masses moving.moving.
B.B. Cold wavesCold waves
II.II. Temperature conditionsTemperature conditions
1.1. CausesCauses
2.2. Jet stream keeps these air masses Jet stream keeps these air masses moving.moving.
3.3. Wind enhances the cold sensation.Wind enhances the cold sensation.
B.B. Cold wavesCold waves
The The wind chill factorwind chill factor estimates the heat lost by estimates the heat lost by human skin due to cold and wind.human skin due to cold and wind.
The End