thurs jan 12 jared peatman: a hell of a regiment · on july 2, 1863, at the battle of gettysburg,...
TRANSCRIPT
Thurs Jan 12
Jared Peatman:
A Hell of a Regiment: How the 20th Maine
Became the 20th Maine
On July 2, 1863, at the Battle of Gettysburg, the 20th
Maine made perhaps the most famous bayonet charge in
American History. Yet, just a year earlier the unit did not
even exist and the men were working at their civilian
jobs. This talk looks at the making of the 20th Maine from
their muster‐in on August 29, 1862, until their arrival on
Little Round Top. Why did the men enlist? What type of
training did they have? What did they think of their
officers? What experiences prepared them to make a
bayonet charge at only their second major battle under
fire? The answers to these questions help shed light on
why this relatively inexperienced unit was able to
successfully initiate a bayonet charge during the war’s
pivotal moment.
January 2017 Vol XXXII, No 6
20th Maine Monument at Gettysburg. Photo:
Wayne Sheeler.
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A 2002 graduate of Gettysburg College with a master’s degree from
Virginia Tech and Ph.D. from Texas A&M, Jared Peatman is the founder
and president of Four Score Consulting, LLC, as well as a faculty member
at the George Washington University Center for Excellence in Public
Leadership and the Lincoln Leadership Institute at Gettysburg. He
provides training events that use history as a metaphor to examine
current leadership and performance challenges.
Jared is the author of The Long Shadow of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address.
For that project Jared was named the 2009 Organization of American
Historians/Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission Doctoral Fellow
and in 2012 received the Hay‐Nicolay Dissertation Prize for the best work
on Abraham Lincoln or the Civil War. He is also the author, with Steven
B. Wiley, of A Transformational Journey: Leadership Lessons from
Gettysburg. He is currently working on a book about Joshua
Chamberlain, the 20th Maine, and the Battle of Gettysburg.
News from Headquarters From the President – Dan Cunningham
I hope you all had a wonderful Christmas and New
Year. Thank you to all who participated in purchasing
coffee and submitting bids for our silent auction. Both
fund raisers were very successful and should give us
more flexibility as we line up speakers for our
2017/2018 season.
Carol Manchester came up with the idea of Joshua’s
Java and did a great job overseeing the sale and delivery of the coffee. Paul
Lariviere was the person who thought of having a silent auction and not only
submitted items for the auction but also contacted several businesses for
gift certificates. We all owe both Carol and Paul a big thank you for their
ideas and work on these two successful fund raisers.
As we head into the new year I hope you can join us for our meetings. We
will have many excellent speakers in the upcoming months. Please be
aware that if the weather is bad we will cancel the meeting. If we do cancel
JLC CWRT meetings are
the second Thursday of
each month:
7:00 pm Morrell Room
Curtis Memorial Library
23 Pleasant St, Brunswick ME
Weather Cancellations:
Channels 6, 8, 13
If the Library closes due to a storm, the meeting will be cancelled. Members will receive an email notification of cancellation from the CWRT Secretary.
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we will send out an email to our members, so please check your email. My
goal is to make a decision by noon of the day of the meeting if the weather
looks questionable. We’ll also place a cancellation notice on the main
television channels.
Once again, thank you for being members and we hope to see you at our
upcoming meetings.
From the Editor – Lucy Cunningham As we reach the mid‐point of our 2016/2017 season, I want to take a moment to thank all of our article and book review writers again: Steve Garrett, Jay Stencil, Noma Petroff, and Carol Manchester; and I also want to thank and welcome a new writer in this issue—Mike Bell. Every month I receive wonderful compliments from members near and far about the format and content of our newsletter. I always reply with the same comment, “Your thanks should go to Noma Petroff, who is the real layout artist and historian who makes the newsletter come alive with illustrations and interesting historical notes.” Our newsletter would look pretty dull if I were the only one working on it. So, next time you see her, please tell Noma how much you appreciate the newsletter. And give some thought to writing an article or book review, or sending us a piece of news so that we can thank you as a new contributor in the future!
JLC CWRT Board of Trustees – 2016/17 President: Dan Cunningham (729‐9520)
Vice President: Steve Garrett (956‐8729,
cell 607‐9713) [email protected]
Treasurer: Paul Lariviere (724‐2414)
Secretary: Lucy Cunningham (729‐9520)
Program Coordinator: Bill Attick (726‐4685)
Additional Members: Carol Manchester, Deb Milite, Ken McAfee, Steve Bunker
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Treasurer’s Update – Paul Lariviere
Quick Stats – December:
Meeting: Dec 8, 2016 Speaker: Kerck Kelsey: Wilson’s Invincibles Attendance: 56 Book Raffle tickets sold: 59 In‐Kind Donations: 1 book Book prizes distributed: 10 INCOME: $185.00 Memberships $52.00 Book Raffle revenue $10.00 Additional Book Sales $29.00 Cash Donations $50.00 Adopt‐a‐Speaker $129.50 Coffee Sales $366.00 Silent Auction $821.50 TOTAL cash income
EXPENSES:
$114.35 Speaker Meals
$105.00 LL Bean Gift Cards
$100.00 Civil War Preservation
$319.35 TOTAL Expenses
NET INCOME: $502.15 NET income
Adopt‐A‐Speaker – Dinner Host Program
In conjunction with its Adopt‐A‐Speaker setup, the JLC CWRT maintains a Dinner
Host program. With this arrangement, members who donate to the Adopt‐A‐
Speaker program at the “General” level have the opportunity to have dinner
with a visiting speaker at Richard’s Restaurant in Brunswick. Under this
program, the CWRT pays for dinner for the speaker, and the host pays for
his/her own dinner.
See the last page of the newsletter to enroll in the Adopt‐A‐Speaker program.
Please contact Paul Lariviere (Treasurer) to make arrangements to host a
specific speaker, at least one week before the program. Below is our speaker
line‐up for the rest of 2016/17.
Jan 12 Jared Peatman A Hell of a Regiment: How the 20th Maine Became the 20th Maine
Feb 9 James Dufresne They Met at Appomattox Court House
Year‐to‐Date:
NET Income: $857.44
Bank Balance, Dec 31, 2016: $3,744.86
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March 9 Charles Plummer
Lincoln the Humorist, Storyteller and Poet April 13 Matt Cost
Joshua Chamberlain and the Civil War: At Every Hazard May 11 John Cross
Entering the Maelstrom: The Bowdoin Class of 1861 and the Civil War June 8 Tom Desjardin
TBA
Field Report Historical Perspectives from our Members
8th Maine Regimental Band Heralds presentation
of a Flag – and Liberty: January 1, 1863 by Noma Petroff
Sometimes it’s said that Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation did not free a single slave. In fact, as most historians know, around 20,000 enslaved people were immediately freed. The proclamation meant they would never go back to slavery. Among those who witnessed – and indeed heralded the occasion – were members of the 8th Maine regimental band, from Belfast, Maine.
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The 8th Maine was stationed in the Sea Islands at the important Union coastal stronghold at Port Royal, South Carolina. At a time when recruitment of new troops was becoming challenging, Lincoln at last yielded to pressure to recruit black troops to help fight the War. One of the most important locations for this effort was at the abandoned plantations of the Sea Islands. One of the leaders of the effort was a young colonel named Thomas Wentworth Higginson, from Massachusetts, who helped lead the 1st South Carolina, which would be a regiment of freed slaves. In his diary, Higginson describes the historic day of emancipation, mentioning specifically the participation of the 8th Maine regimental band (pictured in the illustration from Frank Leslie’s Illustrated, below). He tells of the anticipation of some of the soldiers who stayed up all night, cooking the great feast for the celebration. At last morning came: About ten o’clock the people began to collect by land, and also by water, — in steamers sent by General Saxton for the purpose; and from that time all the avenues of approach were thronged. The multitude were chiefly colored women, with gay handkerchiefs on their heads, and a sprinkling of men, with that peculiarly respectable look which these people always have on Sundays and holidays. There were many white visitors also, — ladies on horseback and in carriages, superintendents and teachers, officers, and cavalry‐men.
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Our companies were marched to the neighborhood of the platform, and allowed to sit or stand, as at the Sunday services; the platform was occupied by ladies and dignitaries, and by the band of the Eighth Maine, which kindly volunteered for the occasion; the colored people filled up all the vacant openings in the beautiful grove around, and there was a cordon of mounted visitors beyond. Above, the great live‐oak branches and their trailing moss; beyond the people, a glimpse of the blue river. The services began at half past eleven o’clock, with prayer by our chaplain, Mr. Fowler, who is always, on such occasions, simple, reverential, and impressive. Then the President’s Proclamation was read by Dr. W. H. Brisbane, a thing infinitely appropriate, a South Carolinian addressing South Carolinians; for he was reared among these very islands, and here long since emancipated his own slaves. Then the colors were presented to us by the Rev. Mr. French, a chaplain who brought them from the donors in New York. All this was according to the programme. Then followed an incident so simple, so touching, so utterly unexpected and startling, that I can scarcely believe it on recalling, though it gave the key‐note to the whole day. The very moment the speaker had ceased, and just as I took and waved the flag, which now for the first time meant anything to these poor people, there suddenly arose, close beside the platform, a strong male voice (but rather cracked and elderly), into which two women’s voices instantly blended, singing, as if by an impulse that could no more be repressed than the morning note of the song‐sparrow. —
“My Country, ’tis of thee, Sweet land of liberty,
Of thee I sing!” People looked at each other, and then at us on the platform, to see whence came this interruption, not set down in the bills. Firmly and irrepressibly the quavering voices sang on, verse after verse; others of the colored people joined in; some whites on the platform began, but I motioned them to silence. I never saw anything so electric; it made all other words cheap; it seemed the choked voice of a race at last unloosed. Nothing could be more wonderfully unconscious; art could not have dreamed of a tribute to the day of jubilee that should be so affecting; history will not believe it; and when I came to speak of it, after it was ended, tears were everywhere. …Just think of it! — the first day they had ever had a country, the first flag they had ever seen which promised anything to their people, and here, while mere spectators stood in silence, waiting for my stupid words, these simple souls burst out in their lay, as if they were by their own hearths at home! When they stopped, there was nothing to do for it but to speak, and I went on; but the life of the whole day was in those unknown people’s song.
Concluding his entry, Higginson notes that most visitors having come from far, had to leave before the dress parade. However, the band from the 8th
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Maine stayed to “enliven” the parade. After the picnic and feast, all returned to their quarters. “The day was perfect, and there was nothing but success.” Thus, the band of the 8th Maine was on hand not only to witness, but also to take part in the historic event of giving a people their freedom and a flag worth fighting for. Source: Thomas Wentworth Higginson ‐ Army Life in a Black Regiment ‐ p. 26‐27. Noma Petroff is a member of the JLC CWRT.
Around the Campfire News from our Members
Adventures in Gettysburg by Mike Bell
This past spring, my wife and I took our 9 year old son and his
best friend on a trip to Gettysburg. It was a wonderful week,
filled with amazing weather and other awesome historic sights
(FDR's house in Hyde Park and the Elizabeth Seaton shrine in
Maryland).
Both lads were surprised at how much fun they actually had.
They thought it might be boring or just a place filled with statues.
Each day we did a few hours of Civil War related activities and
then hit the pool at the hotel or scoured town for kid stuff to do.
We explored the first day of the battle one day and the second day on
the next and so on. That way we could explore in a manner that meant
something. As far as statues and markers were concerned, my son
Jonathan liked the 6th Wisconsin marker near the railroad cut (a distant
cousin fought there) and his friend Xavier found the 1st Minnesota
memorial to be compelling.
The two of them found a common interest in the story of Robert E. Lee.
They say it is because they thought that his decision to fight against his
country was difficult. A foreshadowing of the teenage years?
(Independently they bought the same bio of Lee.)
They both loved the Visitor Center and paid attention to the film and
Cyclorama, but I suspect it was the gift shop that made that place the most fun.
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They also seemed to think that there were silly shops and museums in town and
they were glad we avoided them.
Little Round Top was a place that Xavier really liked, and Jon found Devil’s
Den to be fascinating. Both boys posed in the famous sharpshooter’s den
among the rocks. (A photo of my brother from 1975 in the same place
sits among my Civil War books.) While there Jon heard what he described
as cannon fire that the rest of us did not hear.
The time we spent in town was worthwhile as well. They both loved the
fact that Lincoln actually stayed in the Wills house. A ghost tour after a
long day was a fun way to wrap up, and everyone in our group came
away with a different sense of the past after that experience.
The lads successfully completed their Junior Ranger assignments (quite a
lot of listening was required over three days) and later took turns reading
aloud at the Gettysburg Address monument in the cemetery. Even at nine years
old, you can see those words grab hold.
The climax of the experience was the morning we followed
Pickett's Charge. It was a stunning, cool morning as we
started out from the Virginia Monument. I augmented the
time with appropriate music and sound effects in my phone.
As we approached the Emmitsburg Rd, one of them
remarked: "This isn't so hard." I paused and took advantage
of a teaching moment. "Well, it is nice and cool. You don't
have to carry heavy packs or rifles. Your t‐shirts and shorts are
not made of wool and...(pause for effect)...nobody is trying to
kill you!"
They looked at me and I could almost hear Robert Pine (Gen.
Garnett) from the movie Gettysburg cry out as they went
"forward to the wall!"
What an amazing week. What a chance to share this epic
story with my son and his pal. And I know that this will stick
with them forever because they were there and connected in
a unique way.
Mike Bell is a member of the JLC CWRT, and a former vice president.
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Thursday, January 12, 12:30‐1:30 pm
Bowdoin Museum of Art
Unveiling Abraham Lincoln's First Inaugural The Museum has recently acquired a rare photograph of Abraham Lincoln's First Inaugural. Attributed to celebrated photographer Alexander Gardner, it captures a significant moment in the history of photography and the nation. On this occasion we unveil the photograph for the first time at Bowdoin, with comments from Frank Goodyear, co‐director, and Patrick Rael, professor of history. Location: Museum of Art, Pavilion
Event Type: Lecture
Sponsor: Museum of Art
Contact: Caroline Baljon
Thursday, February 9, 5:00‐7:00 $5.00 cover charge Harriet Beecher Stowe: Outspoken Advocate Venue: Brunswick Inn on Park Row – Happy Hour series Speaker: Cathi Belcher, Stowe House Guide In a day and age when it’s more important than ever for people to speak their minds and stand up for what they believe in, there is a historical and inspirational role model we can still look up to: Harriet Beecher Stowe. Stowe House Guide Cathi Belcher shares Harriet’s outspoken stances on slavery, women’s rights, education, and more. Featured treasures: Newly acquired Stowe House scrapbook Check PHS website for additional details: http://pejepscothistorical.org/events
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Joshua L. Chamberlain CWRT Book Club – Mon, Jan 23
The Round Table has sponsored a book club for many years. All JLC CWRT
members (and non‐members) are invited to join and
participate in our discussions, debates, and treats. We
invite anyone who is interested in Civil War and other
era history books and enjoys discussing them with
like‐minded individuals.
We meet the third Monday of each month at 7 PM at
People Plus, at 35 Union Street in Brunswick, unless
that falls on a holiday, when we adjust our meeting
date. We have selected the following books for the remainder of the year:
Jan 23 – The Sable Arm: Black Troops in the Union Army, 1861‐1865 – Dudley
Taylor Cornish https://www.amazon.com/Sable‐Arm‐Black‐Troops‐1861‐
1865/dp/070060328X/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1483503121&sr=1‐
2&keywords=cornish+the+sable+arm
Feb 27 – Lincoln and the Power of the Press: The War for Public Opinion – Harold
Holzer
Mar 20 – Grant – Jean Edward Smith
Apr 24 – Miracle at Midway – Gordon Prange, Donald
Goldstein, Katherine Dillon
May 15 – Patriots and Rebels – John C. Bush
June 19 – Alexander Hamilton – Ron Chernow
All are welcome – please join us!
– Steve Garrett
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Bookshelf – A Few Good Reads
Our Man in Charleston: Britain’s Secret Agent in the Civil War South By Christopher Dickey. Broadway Books, New York, 2015. This is a well written book about the little known, but influential, British Consul Robert Bunch. It tells of Bunch’s reporting on the events in Charleston, the importance of slavery to the seceding states, and slavery as the cause of the Civil War. This book is also a good companion to World on Fire: Britain’s Crucial Role in the American Civil War by Amanda Foreman, reviewed last year in this newsletter, which speaks to understanding the relationship between Britain, the U.S. and Confederate governments. The prologue introduces the main theme of the book using a discussion between William Howard Russell, reporter for the Times of London, Captain Timothy Meaher and a number of planters and businessmen on the riverboat Southern Belle while cruising down the Alabama River. During the conversation Russell inquires about
British Consul Robert Bunch had to tread a very careful line to cultivate the confidence of Charleston ‘s
fire‐eating secessionists, while at the same time conveying incriminating intelligence back to the
British home office. He played his hand so well that even Secretary of State William Seward thought
him a Confederate sympathizer.
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the slaves onboard—whether they are from Africa. He is obviously lied to, convincing him that the slave trade laws are being violated. This fact would be a critical issue to the “...British readers and their leaders.”
Yet the Captain and the planters seemed to be unaware of the impact of re‐opening the slave trade upon Britain. Russell knew that Consul Robert Bunch had been keeping the government informed of this commerce for years. Slave labor was the cost advantage for the South’s cotton economy, the South’s political power, and the source of cotton for Britain. Southern leaders believed that cotton was their ticket to gaining British support. They simply would not accept that their source of power, the backbone of their economy, was also the source of their downfall. Consul Robert Bunch, described as “thoroughly British” by William Howard Russell, was an ambitious, energetic and perceptive man who wanted to lever his appointment as Consul at Charleston into an appointment as a minister to a foreign government. He was sent to address the failures of his predecessor and among those were: ● Failure to get The Negro Seamen Act repealed ○ The Negro Seamen Act required any Negro seaman be jailed from the time the ship he was a crewman on arrived until just prior to its departure. It was passed in response to the Nat Turner affair. ● Slavery, including resuming African slave trade ● British dependence upon the slave based cotton economy
Bunch’s life as a lone British operator became instantly complicated by the firing on
Fort Sumter.
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Soon after arrival Consul Bunch reported on the “extreme sensitiveness and captious irritability of all classes of this community on the subject of Slavery.” Bunch had to develop sources of information and report factually to his superiors in the British Foreign Service. Robert Bunch nurtured a number of contacts to provide information necessary for his employer even as he despised their ideology, including local leaders and “Fire‐Eaters.” Consul Bunch wrote a letter in March 1857 to the British Foreign Service that described the situation in the South (Dispatch No. 10, March 4, 1857: Increase in the value of negroes: scarcity of Labor in the Cotton Fields: probable results). Bunch noted that cotton production had expanded significantly and slaves’ reproduction was not keeping pace with the need for labor. Therefore, a push to reopen the illegal slave trade was predictable. And as long as Britain depended upon the South for cotton, she could and would be implicated in this immoral and illegal activity.
Soon the first shots would be fired, Fort Sumter would surrender, Lincoln would call for militia and Jefferson Davis would authorize “privateers”. A big question was how the European powers would respond to the slave based Confederacy and the confederate privateers. And then there was the “Trent Affair.” U.S. Navy Captain Charles Wilkes, commander of the San Jacinto, discovered that the CSA government was sending representatives to Europe—John Slidell and James Mason. Wilkes stopped and boarded the Trent, a British flagged packet passenger vessel, and removed Mr. Mason and Mr. Slidell. This episode created an atmosphere that nearly drove the U.S. and Britain to war. This was an affront to the English. Lord Russell drafted a
When the Union navy captured Confederate diplomats from the British mail carrier,
Trent, it brought new and dangerous attention to Bunch’s delicate position.
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demand for an apology and release of the diplomats, but it had to have approval from the Crown. Queen Victoria was at a dinner party and did not want to be disturbed; hence, Prince Albert read and rewrote the demand for an apology, softening the language to give the U.S. government (Seward) room to explain the incident. Seward used this opportunity and quietly released the diplomats. An interesting question not addressed in this book: Was the capture of (Portland, Maine’s) Nathaniel “Lucky Nat” Gordon, Captain of the Erie, his prosecution, and eventual hanging for violating the law against slave trade a signal to Britain? What stopped the British from intervention—Lord Clarendon and his understanding of the South based upon reports from Robert Bunch? Or was it understanding that the British people would not stand for siding with the CSA and their “peculiar institution?” Or was it some other factor? After all, Britain was still sending Irish into slavery in Australia and Tasmania. On February 7, 1863, Consul Robert Bunch, now under a cloud from Seward’s secret police, sailed away from Charleston on the British steamer Cadmus. The local papers reported that he left a true friend of the South and his removal was by the British government to “gratify the U.S. government.” The people of Charleston were never aware of the role he played to undermine their dream of a slave centered empire. If you have not read Mr. Dickey’s narrative, get it and enjoy the read. It will be worth your time! – Steve Garrett Amazon includes a “Look Inside” feature: https://www.amazon.com/Our‐Man‐Charleston‐Britains‐Secret/dp/0307887278/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1483505028&sr=1‐1&keywords=our+man+in+charleston
Alexander Gardner was not the only one to illustrate Lincoln’s First Inauguration. Maine artist
Winslow Homer depicted the scene for the March 1861 issue of Harper’s Weekly.
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Duty Roster JLC CWRT Membership committee thanks the following members who have
recently renewed:
* Steve Bunker
* John Henderson
* Bret Meck
We welcome the following new members:
* Joye Carkin
* Martha Dumont
* Ray & Sue Remillard
In addition, we express our special gratitude to our newest Adopt‐a‐Speaker donor,
with his JLC CWRT rank:
* Ted Kurtz – General
Community Calendar — Upcoming Events and Such Thurs Jan 12, Unveiling Alexander Gardner’s rare photo of
Abraham Lincoln’s First Inaugural 12:30‐1:30 –Bowdoin Museum of Art
Thurs, Feb 9, Cathi Belcher: Harriet Beecher Stowe: Outspoken Advocate
Pejepscot Historical Society event. Happy hour historical series at
Brunswick Inn on Park Row. 5:00‐7:00 pm $5 cover charge
For more information check PHS website:
http://pejepscothistorical.org/events
Midcoast Senior College course organized by the JCLC CWRT for Spring 2017 Maine and Mainers during the Civil War
As we know, Maine and her citizens played a significant role in the Civil War. We’ll
explore two perspectives: (1) leaders from Maine in Government, Industry, the
Military, and the Arts, and (2) contributions of individual citizen‐soldiers, through
artifacts, letters and diaries. We’ll introduce participants to local resources,
including a book describing Civil War holdings at the Maine State Museum in
Augusta, and a guided tour of the Joshua Chamberlain House in Brunswick. Course
consists of eight separate presentations, several of which will be done by our own
members. For information, and registration, check the Midcoast Senior College website:
https://midcoastseniorcollege.org/ Click the link to Spring 2017 courses. Registration
begins January 16. For more information, call Gardner Shaw at 703‐472‐8618.
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Index – January 2017
* Speaker 1 Jared Peatman: Hell of a Regiment: How the 20th Maine became the 20th Maine
* News from Headquarters
2 President’s Note
3 Editor’s Note
4 Treasurer’s Update
4 Adopt‐A‐Speaker dates – Dinner Host Program
* Field Report
5 The 8th Maine Band Heralds Freedom – Noma Petroff
* Around the Campfire – News from Members
8 Adventures in Gettysburg – Mike Bell
10 Bowdoin unveils Lincoln’s 1st Inaugural photo
11 JLC CWRT Book Club
12 Bookshelf – A Few Good Reads – Review:
Christopher Dickey: Our Man in Charleston
16 Duty Roster – Member/Donor List
16 Community Calendar
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