thursday 17 january 2013 – afternoon - the friary...

Thursday 17 January 2013 – AfternoonGCSE GATEWAY SCIENCESCIENCE B

B622/02 Unit 2 Modules B2 C2 P2 (Higher Tier)

H

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters.

• Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only.• Answer all the questions.• Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting

your answer.• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be

used if necessary but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and question number(s).

• Do not write in the bar codes.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

• The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

• A list of physics equations is printed on page two.• The Periodic Table is printed on the back page.• The total number of marks for this paper is 60.• This document consists of 28 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

* B 6 2 2 0 2 *

OCR is an exempt CharityTurn over

© OCR 2013 [K/103/4251]DC (NF/SW) 59319/5

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.A calculator may be used for this paper.

OCR supplied materials:None

Other materials required:• Pencil• Ruler (cm/mm)

THIS IS A LEGACY SPECIFICATION

*B620740113*

Duration: 1 hour

2

© OCR 2013

EQUATIONS

efficiency = useful energy outputtotal energy input

energy = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change

energy = mass × specific latent heat

fuel energy input = waste energy output + electrical energy output

power = voltage × current

energy supplied = power × time

energy (kilowatt hours) = power (kW) × time (h)

wave speed = frequency × wavelength

3

Turn over© OCR 2013

BLANK PAGE

Question 1 begins on page 4

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

4

© OCR 2013

Answer all the questions.

SECTION A – Module B2

1 Craig investigates a pond water habitat.

He collects a sample of water and looks at the animals in it.

He then uses a key to identify the animals.

yes no

water mite cyclops

Does it have tentacles?

Is it an active swimmer?

yes

hydra

no

yes no

springtail

yes

daphnia

Does it have a leaf-shaped bodywith branching antennae?

Does it look likea tiny spider?

no

(a) How are the daphnia and the cyclops similar and how are they different?

Use the information in the key.

similar .......................................................................................................................................

different ..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) The animals in the key are invertebrates.

What does invertebrate mean?

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

5


(c) Craig finds out about plants in the pond.

(i) The plants photosynthesise faster in the summer than in the winter.

Explain why.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Finish the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis.

light6...................................... + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6.............................

chlorophyll [1]

[Total: 5]

6

© OCR 2013

2 Look at the picture of an orca.

(a) Most mammals live on land.

Orcas are mammals that are adapted to live in water.

One adaptation is that their front legs have become flippers.

Use Darwin’s theory of natural selection to explain how their front legs have evolved into flippers.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

7


(b) Orcas feed on herring.

Each winter the herring move into a fjord in Norway and the orcas follow.

This provides an excellent opportunity to see orcas.

Many fishermen in Norway catch herring in the fjord.

sea

fjord

Norway

(i) Suggest one way that the herring stock can be sustained.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Sustaining the herring population affects the whole human population of the area, not just the fishermen.

Explain why.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 5]

8

© OCR 2013

3 Julie and Kim investigate a group of shellfish called dog whelks on a rocky shore.

uppershore

quadrats

middleshore

lowershore

dog whelknot to scale

sea

They divide the shore into three areas, upper, middle and lower.

They count the number of dog whelks in 8 quadrats in each area.

The table shows their results.

Part of shore

Number of dog whelks in each quadrat Average

Upper 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0.5

Middle 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 5

Lower 1 2 2 0 2 0 2 3 1.5

(a) Calculate the average number of dog whelks in each quadrat in the middle shore.

You are advised to show your working.

answer ................................................. [2]

9


(b) Julie uses their results to conclude that more dog whelks live on the lower shore than on the upper shore.

(i) Suggest two reasons why more dog whelks live on the lower shore than the upper shore.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Kim tells Julie that her conclusion might not be reliable.

Suggest one reason why Julie’s conclusion may not be reliable.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Some dog whelks have animals called copepods living inside them as parasites.

What is meant by the word parasite?

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 6]

10

© OCR 2013

4 Look at the graph.

It shows the world population by region between the years 1950–2000.

19500

1

2

3populationin billions

4

5

6

1960 1970year

world population by region 1950–2000

1980 1990

Key

Africa

Latin America

Europe

USA

Asia

2000

(a) The human population is increasing rapidly.

Write down the name given to the increasing rate of human population growth.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The growth in population has led to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Write down one pollution problem caused by higher levels of carbon dioxide.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Europe causes more pollution than Africa.

Suggest two reasons why.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]

11


BLANK PAGE

Question 5 begins on page 12


12

© OCR 2013

SECTION B – Module C2

5 Rachel and Mark investigate the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.

The word equation for the reaction is

zinc + hydrochloric acid zinc chloride + hydrogen

The diagram shows the apparatus they use.

dilutehydrochloric acidzinc

gas syringe

Look at the graph.

It shows their results when 1 g of zinc lumps reacts with 20 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid.

00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

time in minutes

totalvolume of gas

given off in cm3

5

10

15

20

25

30

13


(a) How long does it take for the reaction to stop?

.......................................................... minutes [1]

(b) Copper powder is a good catalyst for this reaction.

What is a catalyst?

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) The reaction goes faster if powdered zinc is used instead of zinc lumps.

Explain why.

Use ideas about collisions between particles.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) The reaction goes faster at higher temperatures.

Explain why.

Use ideas about collisions between particles.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(e) Zinc, Zn, reacts with hydrochloric acid, HCl.

Zinc chloride, ZnCl2, and hydrogen, H2, are made.

Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 7]

14

© OCR 2013

6 This question is about metals and alloys.

(a) Amalgam, brass, solder and steel are alloys.

Draw a line from each alloy to show the metals present in it.

Steel has been done for you.

alloy metals present

amalgam iron and carbon

brass lead and tin

solder copper and zinc

steel mercury

[2]

(b) Calum and Emily are purifying copper.

Look at the diagram. It shows the apparatus they use.

+ –

..........................................

..........................................

..........................................

..........................................

..........................................

..........................................

Look at the list of labels.

copper sulfate solution

impure copper anode

pure copper cathode

Complete the labels on the diagram to show how impure copper is purified. [1]

[Total: 3]

15


7 Jenny and John investigate marble and limestone.

Limestone and marble both have the formula, CaCO3.

Jenny heats some limestone.

HEAT

limestone

(a) When limestone is heated, thermal decomposition happens.

What is thermal decomposition?

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Limestone is used to make cement.

To make cement, limestone is mixed with another substance.

Write down the name of this substance.

Choose from the list.

clay granite glass iron ore

answer ................................................. [1]

(c) When calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is heated it makes calcium oxide, CaO, and carbon dioxide.

Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Marble and limestone have different hardnesses.

Explain why.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 5]

16

© OCR 2013

8 This question is about gases in the air.

Look at the pie chart. It shows the composition of the air.

21 %

oxygen

nitrogen

(a) What percentage of the air is nitrogen?

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Sulfur dioxide is a pollutant in the air.

Explain how sulfur dioxide gets into the air.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Carbon monoxide is also a pollutant in the air.

Most carbon monoxide is made when petrol burns in car engines.

It can be removed from the exhaust gases using a catalytic converter.

Explain how.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 3]

17


9 Look at the word equation for the corrosion (rusting) of iron.

iron + oxygen + water hydrated iron(III) oxide

(a) What type of reaction is rusting?

Choose from the list.

combustion decomposition electrolysis oxidation

answer ................................................ [1]

(b) Aluminium does not corrode in moist conditions.

Explain why.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 2]

18

© OCR 2013

SECTION C – Module P2

10 The Sun produces a lot of energy.

Photocells transfer light energy from the Sun into electricity.

(a) (i) Describe two advantages of using photocells.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) One disadvantage of using photocells is that they produce a low power output.

Explain how the power output from photocells can be increased.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Apart from photocells, there are other ways in which the Sun’s energy can be changed into electricity.

Write down one other way.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 4]

19


11 (a) Look at the diagram.

coil

N S

Alicia makes electricity by moving the magnet into the coil.

The current produced is very small.

Write down two ways in which Alicia can make the current larger.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Power is transmitted from power stations over large distances.

A high voltage is always used. One reason is to reduce costs.

Explain other reasons why a high voltage is used.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 4]

20

© OCR 2013

12 This question is about electrical power.

Look at the table of electric appliances.

Appliance Power rating in kW

Time used per week in hours

hair dryer 2.0 2.5

iron 1.5 2.0

microwave oven

1.0 1.2

toaster 1.5 0.5

vacuum cleaner

1.9 1.5

(a) (i) The power rating of the toaster is 1.5 kW.

Calculate how many kilowatt hours (kWh) of electrical energy is used by the toaster in 0.5 hours.

The equations on page 2 may help you.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

answer ............................................................ kWh [1]

(ii) The cost of a kilowatt hour of electrical energy is 16 pence.

Calculate the cost of the electrical energy used by the toaster in 0.5 hours.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

answer ............................................................ pence [1]

21


(b) Liz has an electric fire.

She connects it to the 230 V mains and switches it on.

The current is 9 amps.

Calculate the power rating of the electric fire.

The equations on page 2 may help you.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

answer ............................................... watts [2]

[Total: 4]

22

© OCR 2013

13 This question is about the Universe.

(a) Complete the sentences about our Solar System and beyond.

The Earth is one of the ........................... in the Solar System.

The Sun is at the centre of our Solar System.

The Solar System is just a tiny part of the Milky Way.

The Milky Way is an example of a ................................... .

There may be an object near the centre of the Milky Way that light cannot escape from.

If no light can escape from an object, it is called a ........................................................ . [2]

23


(b) The asteroid belt is between the planets Jupiter and Mars.

asteroid belt

Sun

(Orbits drawn approximately to scale)

Jupiter

Earth

Mars

Use the diagram to help you complete the following sentences about the asteroids.

Some asteroids in the asteroid belt clump together.

The huge ....................................... force from ............................................. pulls them apart.

This stops the formation of another ................................. between Mars and

...................................................... . [2]

[Total: 4]

24

© OCR 2013

14 (a) Some of our electricity is made from nuclear fuel.

One disadvantage of this process is that it produces radioactive waste.

Write down one advantage and another disadvantage of nuclear power.

advantage .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

disadvantage ............................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Radioactive waste has to be disposed of safely.

Write down two ways that this can be done.

1 ............................................................... .................................................................................

.................................................... ............. ..................................................................................

2 ..................................................... .......... .................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

27

© OCR 2013


Copyright Information

OCR is committed to seeking permission to reproduce all third-party content that it uses in its assessment materials. OCR has attempted to identify and contact all copyright holders whose work is used in this paper. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced in the OCR Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download from our public website (www.ocr.org.uk) after the live examination series.

If OCR has unwittingly failed to correctly acknowledge or clear any third-party content in this assessment material, OCR will be happy to correct its mistake at the earliest possible opportunity.

For queries or further information please contact the Copyright Team, First Floor, 9 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 1GE.

OCR is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group; Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

28

© OCR 2013

The

Peri

odic

Tab

le o

f th

e El

emen

ts

* T

he l

anth

anoi

ds (

atom

ic n

umbe

rs 5

8-71

) an

d th

e ac

tino

ids

(ato

mic

num

bers

90-

103)

hav

e be

en o

mit

ted.

The

rela

tive

ato

mic

mas

ses

of c

oppe

r an

d ch

lori

ne h

ave

not

been

rou

nded

to

the

near

est

who

le n

umbe

r.

12

34

56

70

Key

1 Hhy

drog

en

1

4 He

heliu

m

2

7 Lilit

hium 3

9 Bebe

rylli

um

4

rela

tive

ato

mic

mas

sat

omic

sym

bol

nam

e

atom

ic (

prot

on)

num

ber

11 Bbo

ron

5

12 Cca

rbon 6

14 Nni

trog

en

7

16 Oox

ygen 8

19 Ffl

uori

ne

9

20 Ne

neon 10

23 Na

sodi

um

11

24 Mg

mag

nesi

um

12

27 Al

alum

iniu

m

13

28 Sisi

licon

14

31 Pph

osph

orus

15

32 Ssu

lfur

16

35.5 Cl

chlo

rine

17

40 Ar

argo

n

18

39 Kpo

tass

ium

19

40 Caca

lciu

m

20

45 Scsc

andi

um

21

48 Titi

tani

um

22

51 Vva

nadi

um

23

52 Crch

rom

ium

24

55 Mn

man

gane

se

25

56 Fe iron 26

59 Co coba

lt

27

59 Ni

nick

el

28

63.5

Cu copp

er

29

65 Zn zinc 30

70 Ga

galli

um

31

73 Ge

germ

aniu

m

32

75 As

arse

nic

33

79 Sese

leni

um

34

80 Brbr

omin

e

35

84 Krkr

ypto

n

36

85 Rbru

bidi

um

37

88 Srst

ront

ium

38

89 Yyt

triu

m

39

91 Zrzi

rcon

ium

40

93 Nb

niob

ium

41

96 Mo

mol

ybde

num

42

[98] Tc

tech

neti

um

43

101

Ruru

then

ium

44

103

Rhrh

odiu

m

45

106

Pdpa

lladi

um

46

108

Ag

silv

er

47

112

Cdca

dmiu

m

48

115

Inin

dium

49

119

Sn tin 50

122

Sban

tim

ony

51

128

Tete

lluri

um

52

127 I

iodi

ne

53

131

Xe xeno

n

54

133

Csca

esiu

m

55

137

Baba

rium

56

139

La*

lant

hanu

m

57

178

Hf

hafn

ium

72

181

Tata

ntal

um

73

184

Wtu

ngst

en

74

186

Rerh

eniu

m

75

190

Os

osm

ium

76

192 Ir

irid

ium

77

195

Ptpl

atin

um

78

197

Au

gold 79

201

Hg

mer

cury

80

204

Tlth

alliu

m

81

207

Pb lead 82

209

Bibi

smut

h

83

[209

]Po

polo

nium

84

[210

]A

tas

tati

ne

85

[222

]Rn rado

n

86

[223

]Fr

fran

cium

87

[226

]Ra

radi

um

88

[227

]A

c*ac

tini

um

89

[261

]Rf

ruth

erfo

rdiu

m

104

[262

]D

bdu

bniu

m

105

[266

]Sg

seab

orgi

um

106

[264

]Bh

bohr

ium

107

[277

]H

sha

ssiu

m

108

[268

]M

tm

eitn

eriu

m

109

[271

]D

sda

rmst

adti

um

110

[272

]Rg

roen

tgen

ium

111

Elem

ents

wit

h at

omic

num

bers

112

-116

hav

e be

en r

epor

ted

but

not

fully

auth

enti

cate

d

thursday 17 january 2013 – afternoon - the friary...

Documents