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Strategies Structures and Processes for Network and

Resources Management in Industrial Parks

The Cases of Germany and China

Von der Wirtschaftswissenschaftl ichen Fakultat

der Universitat Leipzig

genehmigte

DISSERTATION

zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades

Doktor-lngenieur

Dr.-lng.

Vorgelegt von

Dipl.-lng.Tiina Salonen

geboren am 12. Mai 1974 in Hyvinkaa, Finnland

Gutachter:

Prof Dr.-lng. Robert Hollander

Prof

Dr. Gunter Liesegang

Prof Dr. Raymond Cote

Tag derVerleihung: 09. Februar2010

A 261266

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IX

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 BACKG ROUND 1

1.2 RESEARCH PROBLEM 5

1.3 RESE ARCH METHODOLOGY 7

1.4 RESEARCH OUTLINE 10

2.

ANALYSIS OF THE PHENOMENON INDUSTRIAL PARK 13

2.1 INDUSTRIAL PARK 13

2.1.1 De finition 13

2.1.2

Development mechanisms

18

2 2 Privatization . 19

2 2 2 Business strategy

. :

21

2 2 3 National economic policy 25

2.13 Stakeholders 31

2 3

Stakeholder approach 31

2 3 2 Stakeholders of industrial parks 36

2.14 Resources andactivities 48

2.1.5 Life cycle 51

2 5 Site development and construction 53

2 5 2 Recruitment of tenant companies 57

2 5 3 Site operation 58

2.2 NETWORK 59

2.2.1 Social networks 61

2.2.2 Interfirm networks 66

2.2.3 Multistakeholderne tworks 76

2.3 INDUSTRIAL PARK AS AN INTERORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK 80

3. THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF NETWORK AND RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT IN INDUSTRIAL PARKS 89

3.1 APPROA CH OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY 89

3.1.1 Concept o findustrial ecology 89

3.12 Eco-industrial development 94

3.1.3

Summary on

the

theoretical status

quo of

network

and

resources

management

in

industrial parks

104

3.2 RELATED ECONOMIC THEORIES 108

3.2.1

Theory

of

transaction

costs 109

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3.2.2

New industrial economics 114

3.2.3 Resource based view and theory of core competencies 119

3.2.4 Relational view 123

3.2.5 Implications for network and resources management in industrial parks

12 6

3.3 RELATED

ORGANIZATIONAL

THEORIES AND APPROACHES 132

3.3.7

New systems theory 132

3.3.2 Behavioral decision theory 137

3.3.3 Interaction oriented network approach 143

3.3.4 Implications for network and resources management in industrial parks

149

3.4 APPROACHES OF NETWORK MANAGEMENT 153

3.4.1 Network strategies 154

3.4.2 Strategy process in networks 163

3.4.3 Institutionalization and tasks of network management 170

3.4.4 Concept for network management in industrial parks 179

3.5 APPROACHES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 184

3.5.1 Public resource and environmental policies 185

3.5.2 Corporate environmental strategies 193

3.5.3 Organizational structures for environmental management 203

3.5.4 Environmental management systems 211

3.5.5 Concept for resources management in industrial parks 221

3.6 CONCEPT FOR INTEGRATED RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN INDUSTRIAL PARKS.. 228

4.

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN

INDUSTRIAL PARKS 33

4.1 RESEARCH DESIGN 233

4.2 MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES AND STRATEGIES OF INDUSTRIAL PARKS 239

4.2.1 Chinese industrial parks 239

4.2.1.1 City government 240

4.2.1.2 Public park authority - Dalian Economic and Technological

Development Zone and Tianjin Economic and Technological Development

Area 243

4.2.1.3 Public-private park management - Shanghai Chemical Industry Park

251

4.2.1.4 Further models in China 257

4.2.2 German industrial parks

258

4.2.2.1 Private major user - Chemical Industrial Park Schkopau 258

4.2.2.2 Private infrastructure company - Chemical Industrial Park

M arl....

264

4.2.2.3 Further models in Germany 273

4.2.3 Discussion 276

4.3 INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES MANAGEMENT 282

4.3.1 Public park authority 283

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XI

4 3 Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone 283

4 3 2 Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area 287

4.3.2 Public-privateparkmanagement Shanghai Chemical IndustryPark..291

4.3.3 Privatecompany 295

4 3 3

Major user - Chemical Industrial ParkSchkopau 295

4 3 3 2 Infrastructure company - Chemical Industrial Park Marl 301

4.3.4 Discussion

307

4.4 INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 313

4.4.1 Circular economy planofTianjin EconomicandTechnological

Development Area 315

4.4.2 Environmental management system inChemical IndustrialPark

Marl

322

4.4.3 Discussion

325

5. CONCLUSIONS 331

6. REFERENCES i 341

APPENDICES 365

THESES . . 373