timber appearance fit-out ideas & approaches · timber veneers - applications •interior,...
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Timber Appearance Fit-Out Ideas & Approaches
Alastair Woodard
This presentation
• Wood Solutions program
• Applications – Internal & External
• Design Considerations – look
– features & texture
– colour
– species
– hardness
– durability
• 2013 Residential Winners
WoodSolutions™: Who we are
• inspiration
• information & resources
• CPD.
An Australian industry
initiative, resourced by Forest
and Wood Products Australia
(FWPA) –
For architects, engineers,
designers and other building
professionals
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Technical Design Guides – Internal Use
Technical Design Guides – External Use
Appearance Product Applications
Internal • Flooring (strip, overlay, parquetry)
• Lining / Panelling
• Windows
• Doors
• Stairs
• Balustrades
• Handrails
• Furniture
• Laminated posts
• Laminated bench tops
• Joinery
• Architraves
• Skirtings
• Mouldings
External • Decking
• External cladding
• Windows
• Doors
• Stairs
• Balustrades
• Handrails
• Furniture
• Laminated posts
• Screens
Flooring
Standard Wide Thin
Flooring
Heavily
Featured
Lightly
Featured
Mix Colour
Featured
Flooring
Mix Colour
Featured
Engineered flooring products
Internal Lining
Staircases, handrails & balustrades
Windows
Victorian Ash
Cabinetry
Cedar
Spotted Gum
Silvertop
Ironbark
External Cladding
Decking & Screens
Appearance Product Design Considerations
Internal • Look
• Colour
• Grain, texture, feature
• Species
• Hardness
• Environment
• Moisture content
• Finishing
• Maintenance
External • Look
• Colour
• Grain, texture, feature
• Species
• Hardness
• Environment
• Moisture content
• Finishing
• Maintenance
• Durability – natural & treated
• Bushfire requirements
Look
Back
sawn
Quarter
sawn
Select Feature
Feature & texture
Knots Squiggly Worm Pin Hole
Fiddle-back Burl Blackheart
(Sassafras)
Appearance grades: Sawn timber
• Australian hardwood - AS 2796
• select, medium feature, high feature
• Softwood - AS/NZS 4785
• clear, appearance, select, standard or utility
• Cypress Pine - AS 1810
• grade 1, grade 2
• Other appearance grades (e.g. “colonial”) OK
but meaningless unless accompanied by a description.
• Various American and Euro grades but generally premium and feature
Colours
Yellow Pinks
Browns Reds
Blonds
Black
Colour & Species
• Australian hardwoods
Yellows Pinks Browns Reds Blonds
Species - Victorian Ash
• Consists of two species Eucalyptus delegatensis (Alpine
Ash) and Eucalyptus regnans (Mountain Ash).
• Medium density hardwood, ranging in colour from pale
pink to straw.
• PEFC Certified Australian Hardwood.
Managed Native Forests - Victoria
Approx 12% available & suitable for harvest
Approx 88% not available or suitable for harvest
1% harvested annually & regrown
(0.15% of the total forest estate)
Australian Hardwood Species
• Victoria/Tasmania – Victorian Ash, Silvertop,
Messmate, Grey Gum, Manna Gum, Tassie Oak,
• NSW/Qld – Spotted Gum, Blackbutt, Ironbark,
Stringybarks, Red Gum, Turpentine
• WA – Jarrah, Karri
Imported Species - Hardwoods
• US
• Europe
• Pacific Black Walnut American
Cherry
Hard Maple
Cambia Ash White Oak White Ash Merbau
Thermally Modified Wood
Decay Resistant:
Thermally-modified wood no longer contains sufficient nutrients to support
insect infestation or fungal attack.
Increased Dimensional Stability:
Less susceptible to cupping and warping with changes in relative humidity.
Enhanced Appearance:
Process gives wood a rich chocolate colour that when
finished, highlights the natural beauty of the wood grain.
Timber Veneers - Applications
• Interior, low-wear and dry applications only (E.g. furniture, wall and ceiling linings)
• OK for kitchen/bathroom-vanity doors if properly ventilated and sealed (e.g. two-pack polyurethane)
• OK for low-wear dry horizontal applications such as board-room tables and desks
• Not suited for exterior use even if under an awning • Instead, use appropriate species of solid timber or
exterior (treated) plywood. • www.timberveneer.asn.au
Veneer cuts
• Crown cut
• Quarter cut
• Rotary cut
• Reconstructed veneers
Matching
Species hardness
• Janka rating – measures resistance to denting and wear
• The higher the number the harder the timber
Species hardness
Species Hardness
Very hard Hard Moderately Hard Soft
Janka rating >10 Janka rating 7-10 Janka rating 5.5-7 Janka rating <5.5
Blackbutt Australian Beech Alpine Ash Araucaria (hoop pine)
Brazilian Cherry Brushbox American White Oak Kauri
Forest Red Gum Jarrah Blackwood Radiata Pine
Grey Box Karri Cypress Rimu
Grey Ironbark Kempas European Ash Teak
Gympie Messmate Kwila/Merbau European Oak Western Yellow Pine
Jatoba Marri Hevea White Baltic
New England Blackbutt Northern Box Manna/Ribbon Gum
Red Ironbark River Red Gum Maple (Rock/Sugar)
Spotted Gum Rose/Flooded Gum Messmate
Turpentine Southern Blue Gum Mountain Ash
Wandoo Stringybark Myrtle
White Mahogany Sydney Blue Gum Shining Gum
Tallowwood Tasmanian Oak
Wormy Chestnut Victorian Ash
Yellow Stringybark
Moisture content
Appearance products
• Varies for each product but generally:
- Interior: not more than 14% and not less than 9%
- Exterior: not more than 18% and not less than 10%
Durability - External Use
Class 1 = 40 years above ground
Class 2 = 15 - 40 years above ground
Spotted Gum Ironbark Blackbutt Silvertop Pacific Teak Cedar Heat treated hardwood (New)
External Use - Durability
Heartwood Sapwood
External Use - Durability
Natural durability (Relates to heartwood only)
Natural durability
Class
Probable heartwood life expectancy (years) AS 5604
Inside above
ground
(Fully protected from
weather and
termites)
Outside above
ground In-ground contact
Class 1 Highly durable 50+ 40+ 25+
Class 2 Durable 50+ 15 to 40 15 to 25
Class 3 Moderately durable 50+ 7 to 15 5 to 15
Class 4 Non-durable 50+ 0 to 7 0 to 5
AS 5604 Timber – Natural Durability Ratings
Durability: In-ground
In-ground
Natural durability
class Species
Class 1 Ironbarks, Tallowwood, Turpentine, Belian
Class 2 Spotted Gum, Blackbutts, Cypress, River
Red Gum, Jarrah
Class 3
Brush Box, Sydney Blue Gum,
Rose/Flooded Gum, Western Red Cedar,
Keruing, Messmate, Karri, Stringybarks,
Silvertop Ash
Class 4
Radiata Pine, Hoop Pine, Slash Pine
Douglas Fir (Oregon), Tasmanian Oak,
Mountain & Alpine Ash / Vic ash, Meranti,
Baltic Pine, Unidentified timbers, Sapwood
of any species In-g
rou
nd
du
rab
ility
tri
als
‘W
edd
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Nth
NSW
Durability: Outside above-ground
Outside above-ground
Natural durability class Species
Class 1
Ironbarks, Tallowwood, Turpentine, Belian, Cypress,
River Red Gum, Spotted Gum, Blackbutt,
Kwila (Merbau)
Class 2
Rose Gum, Jarrah, Silvertop Ash, Western Red
Cedar, Sydney Blue Gum, Stringybarks, New
England Blackbutt,
Class 3
Brush Box, Rose/Flooded Gum, Keruing,
Messmate, Karri, Silver-topped Stringybark,
Mountain & Alpine Ash / Vic ash, Tasmanian Oak,
Kempas, American White Oak
Class 4
Radiata Pine, Hoop Pine, Slash Pine
Douglas Fir (Oregon), Meranti, Baltic Pine,
Unidentified timbers, Sapwood of any species
Preservative Treatment - Sapwood
• Extends the life of timbers against borers, termites and decay
• Sapwood has less natural resistance to insect attack and fungal decay than the heartwood of the same species
• Only the sapwood can effectively be treated
• Treating timber improves reliability and provides a calculable service life
Preservative treatment
Hazard Levels
• Select the level of treatment (H level) required to cope with the environment in which the timber will be used
• H level corresponds to the biological hazard and exposure to the environment
Treated pine
framing
Preservative treatment - Levels
AS 1604 Hazard Levels
HAZARD
LEVEL EXPOSURE
BIOLOGICAL
HAZARD TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
H1 Inside, above ground,
protected from wetting
Borers only Framing, furniture, flooring
H2 Inside, above ground,
protected from wetting
Borers and termites Framing, roof trusses, beams, interior battens, flooring
H3 Outside, above ground,
subject to moderate
wetting
Moderate fungal decay
and termites
Weatherboard, fascia, pergolas (above ground), window
joinery, decking boards, decking bearers & joists
H4 Outside, in-ground
subject to severe
wetting
Severe fungal decay,
borers and termites
Fence posts, greenhouses, pergolas (in ground) and
landscaping timbers e.g. garden walls, beds and edging
H5 Outside, in-ground and
contact with or in fresh
water, subject to
extreme wetting
Very severe decay,
borers and termites
Structural retaining walls, piling, house stumps, building
poles
H6 Marine waters,
immersed in sea water
Marine borers and decay Boat hulls, marine piles, jetty cross-bracing, landing
steps
Preservative treatment - Types
Types of preservatives
• Water-borne (CCA, ACQ, copper azole)
• Landscape, fencing, decking, framing, outdoor timber
• In-ground and above ground applications
• LOSP (light organic solvent preservatives)
• Joinery, handrails, framing
• Above ground applications only
• Envelope treatments (blue-pine framing)
• H2F framing south of tropic only
Preservative treatment - Types
Types of preservatives
• Oil-borne (creosote)
• Power poles, marine, vineyard sticks
• In-ground or in water use
• Supplementary brush/spray/dip (e.g. copper naphthenate)
• Glue-line
• LVL, plywood, particleboard flooring
• Hazard level H2S (south of Tropic of Capricorn only)
Appearance Product Design Considerations
Internal • Look
• Colour
• Grain, texture, feature
• Species
• Hardness
• Environment
• Moisture content
• Finishing
• Maintenance
External • Look
• Colour
• Grain, texture, feature
• Species
• Hardness
• Environment
• Moisture content
• Finishing
• Maintenance
• Durability – natural & treated
• Bushfire requirements
Australian Timber Design Awards Winners
2013
Winner 2013 Residential Class 1 New Buildings Australian Timber Design Awards
Project :: Shearer’s Quarters Architect :: John Wardle Architects Engineer :: Gandy & Roberts Location :: North Bruny Island, Tasmania
Internal lining: Pinus Macrocarpa
Floors: Recycled Yellow Stringybark
Project :: Shearer’s Quarters Architect :: John Wardle Architects
Winner 2013 Residential Class 1 New Buildings
The bedrooms are lined in recycled apple box crates
Project :: Lilyfield Warehouse Architect :: Virginia Kerridge Architect
Winner 2013 Residential Class 1 Best Renovation
Australian Timber Design Awards
Decks: Recycled Ironbark
Project :: Lilyfield Warehouse Architect :: Virginia Kerridge Architect
Floors: Recycled ironbark
Hoop Pine lining
Original Oregon trusses and lining
Project :: Balmain House Architect :: Fox Johnston Location :: Balmain NSW
Winner 2013 Interior Fit-out Residential
Australian Timber Design Awards
Lining: American White Oak
Project :: Balmain House Architect :: Fox Johnston Location :: Balmain NSW
Winner 2013 Interior Fit-out Residential
Australian Timber Design Awards
Project :: Jamberoo Farm House Architect :: Casey Brown Architecture Location :: Sydney NSW
Winner 2013 Recycled Timber
Australian Timber Design Awards
Winner 2013 Recycled Timber
Australian Timber Design Awards
Flooring & Lining: Roasted Blackbutt
Project :: Jamberoo Farm House
Recycled Ironbark posts & beams
Project :: Nunawading Residence Architect :: Maxa Design Location :: Nunawading Vic
Winner 2013 Small Budget Project
Australian Timber Design Awards
Project :: Nunawading Residence Architect :: Maxa Design Location :: Nunawading Vic
Winner 2013 Small Budget Project
Australian Timber Design Awards
Flooring : Tassie Oak
Deck: Merbau
Columns : Recycled hardwood floor joists
Overall Winner 2013
Project :: Forte at Victoria Harbour Architect :: Lend Lease Location :: Docklands, Melbourne
Winner 2013 Australian Timber Design Awards
Cross Laminated Timber - CLT
• Jumbo plywood structural panels (prefabricated floors, walls)
36
Project :: Forte at Victoria Harbour Architect :: Lend Lease Location :: Docklands, Melbourne
Winner 2013 Australian Timber Design Awards
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Wood Solutions – Technical Tutorials
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Wood Products & Specification
Designing for Durability
Inspirational Projects
Wood Finishes and Coatings
Using Wood in Bushfire Prone Areas
Fire Safety and Performance of Wood in Multi-Residential and Commercial Buildings
Lightweight Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort
Maximising Green Star Points with Wood Products
Wood as a Resource
Wood and Sustainable Building
• How High Can Timber Go? – NEW
• Timber Structural Design for Commercial Construction (incl CLT)
Thank you Questions?
Group Discussion Future opportunities & issues in
residential timber construction