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TIME ALLOWED FOR THIS PAPER: Reading time before commencing work: 10 minutes Working time for this paper: 1 hour & 45 minutes

MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR THIS PAPER: To be provided by the supervisor

- This question and answer booklet

To be provided by the candidate - Writing equipment

IMPORTANT NOTE TO CANDIDATES No other items may be taken into the examination room.

• It is your responsibility to ensure that you do not have any unauthorised notes or other items of a non-personal nature in the examination room.

• All iPads, surfaces and mobile phones must be turned off and in your bag along with any other devices and notes. Bags are to be closed and placed under the desk.

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES

1. Read through the paper to familiarise yourself with all questions.

2. Use a blue or black ballpoint / ink pen.

3. Write your answers in this booklet.

AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION

- Any planning sheets or other pieces of paper MUST be handed in with this booklet. - At the end of the examination make sure that your name is on your booklet and any other pieces of

paper used.

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Structure of this paper

Section

Part Number of questions

Suggested working time

(minutes)

Marks available

Marks Attained

Section One:

Multiple Choice

A (Geography)

25

12

/25

B (Civics)

15

8

/15

Section Two:

Short Answer

A (Geography)

8

25

/42

B (Civics)

3

20

/18

Section Three:

Skills & Analysis

A (Geography)

2

20

/20

B (Civics)

8

20

/18

Section Total Marks Percentage

A (Geography)

20%

/87

B (Civics)

10%

/51

Instructions to candidates

1. Sitting this examination implies that you agree to abide by the examination rules set down by Kinross College.

2. Answer the questions in the space provided.

3. You must be careful to confine your responses to the specific questions asked and to follow

any instructions that are specific to a question.

4. This examination contributes towards your report. If you have any questions, please ask them

during the ten-minute reading time.

5. Manage your time wisely. Always provide examples. Make sure that what you have written

makes sense.

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PART A: GEOGRAPHY

SECTION ONE: Multiple Choice

Instructions: Please read each question carefully and provide a response in the answer column. (25 Marks)

No. QUESTION ANSWER

1 What is meant by the term ‘invasive species’?

a) Unique species found in ecologically important regions b) A group of organisms found in an area to which they are not native c) A group of organisms that are endangered due to habitat loss d) Animals that migrate to other areas depending on the season

2 Which of the following is not a consequence of climate change on marine environments?

a) Rising sea temperatures b) Oil spills c) Ocean acidification d) Rising sea levels

3 What were the wellbeing targets set by the United Nations in 2000 called?

a) Scatter Plot Improvements b) Human Development Index c) Gross Domestic Product d) Millennium Development Goals

4 Which of the following is an environmental factor that affects human wellbeing?

a) Climate b) Population size and growth c) Colonial pasts d) Level of corruption

5 What are greenhouse gases?

a) Heat-trapping gases found in the Earth’s atmosphere b) Vapours emitted from a green house c) Smog d) New eco-friendly fuels in cars

6 Define fertility rates.

a) The number of live births per thousand people in a given population b) The average number of children born to women of reproductive age c) The number of people who can read or write in a population d) The number of infants who die per thousand people in a given population

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7 What are literacy rates? a) The average education received by adults b) The number of children enrolled in school c) The number of people who have been to school d) The percentage of adults who can read and write

8 What can you do to stop global warming? a) Use the beach instead of public pool b) Eat more meat c) Walk, bike or take public transport instead of driving d) Take more holidays using aircraft as a means of transport

9 True or False: Green House Effect is important in our atmosphere.

10 What was the target date set to achieve the 8 Millennium Development Goals? a) 1990 b) 2005 c) 2030 d) 2015

11 The Kyoto Protocol is: a) A worldwide agreement to reduce carbon emission b) An agreement in Australia to reduce carbon emission c) A worldwide agreement to reduce carbon emission introduced by Leonardo Di Caprio d) An agreement to re-home citizens in low lying countries

12 A possible consequence of Climate Change is: a) sea levels rising b) Increase in temperature c) Increase rainfall and storms d) All of the above

13 True or False: We can reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

14 True or False: Secondary data is data collected first hand for a geographical inquiry by the person conducting the inquiry

15 True or False: Bhutan measures its success as a country based on the idea of GNH (Gross National Happiness)

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16 What type of map is this?

17 What constitutes an environmental change? a) Changes to the land b) Changes to the atmosphere c) Changes to water d) All of the above

18 Desertification is: a) The wearing away of the Earth’s surface by wind, water or ice b) The removal of plant life carried out to clear the land for farming c) The transformation of fertile land into relatively dry areas d) All of the above

19 How many UN member countries agreed to a set of Sustainable Development Goals?

a) 53 b) 193 c) 127 d) 96

20 What is meant by biodiversity? Select the best description. a) The number of different types of dwellings people live in b) The variety of plant and animal life in the world or habitat c) The diverse range of insects found in a habitat d) The diverse range of species on land

21 The three most important variables that influence levels of wellbeing around the world are:

a) Health, wealth, Education b) Wealth, literacy rates, education levels c) Health, wealth, GDP d) GDP, education, health

22 HDI is a tool developed by the UN to grade and rank a country’s

a) Social and economic development b) Literacy and education rates c) Health and wealth d) Economic and happiness development

a) Political map b) Physical map c) Topographic map d) Choropleth map

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23 What is humanitarianism?

a) The concern for the welfare of other human beings b) A focus on human welfare c) Giving aid to relieve human suffering d) All of the above

24 True or false? Greenhouse gases are only increased by human activities

25 An NGO is?

a) Non-government Outlay b) Non-government Official c) Non-government Organisation d) New Goal Orientation

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SECTION TWO: GEOGRAPHY - SHORT ANSWERS Directions: Please attempt to answer all questions. 1. Define the term global warming. (2 Marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Explain the connection of greenhouse gases and global warming. (2 Marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 What are the four ways that plants and animals in an ecosystem respond to climate

change? (4 Marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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4 Label the diagram (Some of the causes of human induced climate change) below using

the keywords/phrases provided. Write the number in the correct box. (8 Marks)

Read each description carefully and write the corresponding number in the box.

Methane from animals and

nitrous oxide from fertilisers

1

Fluorinated gases from propellants

and coolants

2

Carbon dioxide from aeroplane travel

3

Carbon monoxide from motor vehicles

4

Carbon dioxide from forest clearing and

burning

5

Solar Radiation

6

Carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels

7

Blanket layer of greenhouse gases

traps solar radiation, warming the planet

8

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5 If global warming continues list three impacts on the environment and describe the follow-on consequences.. (6 Marks)

Impact on the environment Consequence

1

1

2

2

3

3

6 Does wealth equal wellbeing? (Explain why or why not?) (3 Marks)

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7 Factors that affect human wellbeing

Wellbeing varies a great deal within and between countries. The factors behind these variations are complex but can be broken up into five main groups.

a) List the five main groups (5 Marks) b) List two examples for each main group (10 Marks)

Five main groups affecting human wellbeing

Two examples for that group

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

8 How does income relate to life expectancy? (2 marks) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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SECTION THREE: GEOGRAPHY - SKILLS – Cartoon Analysis Directions: Choose ONE (1) of the following cartoons and answer the following questions:

(a) ‘It’s settled…we agree to sign a pledge to hold another meeting to consider changing course at a date yet to be determined.

(b) ‘What if it’ a big hoax and we create a better world for nothing?’

(c) ‘Animals and plants feeling climate change are moving toward the poles at

20cm per hour.’ ‘Dad, when will we get to Canada? …This is Canada’

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Cartoon Analysis (2 Marks each = 10 Marks)

I have chosen (circle the cartoon you have chosen) a) b) c)

1. For whom (audience) is this cartoon intended?

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2. What is the cartoon trying to get the audience to do?

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3. What is the ‘point of view’ or main focus of the cartoon?

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4. What symbols, key words or well-known images are used?

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5. How successful do you think this cartoon is? Explain your answer.

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SECTION THREE: GEOGRAPHY: Extended Written Answer

Environmental degradation is a problem in Australia. Choose one of the following and

circle it. (10 marks – 6 for causes and 4 for solutions)

a) Land (salinity)

b) Coast/marine (pollution)

c) Urban (deforestation)

Describe the causes of the problem and provide some solutions for your topic. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Part Two: Civics and Citizenship

SECTION ONE: Multiple Choice: Place the correct letter in the answer column. (15 Marks)

Number Question Answer

1 Australia’s system of government is based on the idea of:

a) The Westminster System b) The London System c) The Australian System d) The New Zealand System

2 A Westminster system of government must consist of: a) Two houses b) A crown c) Two houses and a crown d) A president

3 Australia’s government is based on:

a) Democracy a) Theocracy b) Monarchy c) Oligarchy

4 A human right is:

a) A right which is believed to belong to only men b) A right which is believed to belong to Australians only c) A right which is believed to belong to every person d) A right which is believed to belong to children only

5 The Crown is represented in Australia by the

a) The General Governor b) The General Major c) The Governor Major d) The Governor General

6 2017 marked the 50th anniversary of:

a) The moon landing b) Prime Minister Robert Menzies retired c) A referendum took place to remove discriminatory references about

Aboriginal people d) Harold Holt (Prime Minister of Australia) died

7 The Constitution in Australia: a) Sets out the rules on how it can be governed b) Can be changed every year c) Can only be changed by the government d) Can never be changed

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8 Federation took place a) To increase economic growth b) To improve national defence c) To enhance national identity d) All of the above

9 A referendum is: a) A vote to change the wording of the constitution b) A vote which has never been held in Australia c) Is a vote to change the government d) A vote which happens every 3 years in Australia

10 The high court is: a) Located in Perth b) The only court that has the power to interpret the constitution c) The only court that has the power to change the constitution d) The only court that can change state laws

11 The UN was developed in: a) 1932 b) 1946 c) 1945 d) 1976

12 True or False:

A treaty is a form of contract between two parties (two countries or two international organisations from different countries).

13 Human Trafficking is an example of: a) Organised crime b) Vested interests c) Corruption d) Lawlessness

14 Asylum-Seekers are: a) Individuals granted complementary forms of protection b) Individuals who have sought international protection and whose claims for refugee status have not yet been determined. c) People or groups of individuals who have been forced to leave their homes or places of habitual residence d) People who come to Australia on working holiday visa.

15 What document protects our rights?

a) The Bible b) The Constitution c) The Criminal Code of Conduct d) The Bill of Rights

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SECTION TWO: Short Answer Questions: Directions: Attempt to answer all questions.

1. List 4 features of the House of Representatives and 4 features of the Senate. (8 Marks)

House of Representatives Senate

2. List four (4) roles of the High Court. (4 Marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. The OECD report describes a cohesive society as ‘a force which fights exclusion and marginalisation, creates a sense of belonging and promotes trust within communities.’

In your own words explain how Australia (The lucky country) is a cohesive society. Focus on diversity, rights, democracy and laws that protect citizens. (6 Marks)

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SECTION THREE: SKILLS: Analysing Data

Immigration and refugees is an ongoing issue for many Australians. Table 1 will help you understand the acronyms used in the graphs and tables below.

(1) Below is the most current data on immigration detention facilities. ‘Boat people’ have long been the focus of media attention. What is the number of people arriving by boat (illegal maritime arrival)?

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(2) What visa? …………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (3) Explain what ‘visa cancellation’ means. …………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………..…

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(4) How many children are in IDCs? ………………………………………………………………………………….……………………. (1 Mark)

(5) Why do you think this is so?

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(5) Explain the trend in population figures for population in ‘immigration detention’ from 2009. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……

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(6) Of the people held in immigration detention centres which nationalities might be fleeing religious or political persecution?

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(7) What is the trend of the number of children in the community under residence determination? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………..

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(8) What is the view of this cartoonist in relation to asylum seekers? What is being said about Australia’s immigration policies? (6 marks)

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End of examination – please check that you have completed all questions.