tinnitus today august 1983 vol 8, no 2

7/30/2019 Tinnitus Today August 1983 Vol 8, No 2

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SLI[NK 6) G[NHKX 8) M[E[QP =?61PFK MNKXOAMG POGGOP[Q MQQLA OMPOLG

POGG OP[Q QKIC.FKIZ EXL[ZQALGSKGPOLG) D[GK ?) =?61Lg Dugk ?tf) clur tork` trmvkiik rs crln Lrkelg wmibk` ogtl mg mirkm`y pmabk` rlln mt tfk M`vkgt IutfkrmgAfuraf og Uyablcc) Gkw Dkrsky tl fli` m nkktoge cl r skic.fk ip erlup allrògmtlrs mg` ogtkrkstk` pklpik' Pfk

ogtkrkstk` pklpik cmr lutgunhkrk` tfk allrògmtlrs hut mii wkrk tfkrk tl ikmrg nlrk mhlut tfkor toggotus mg` flw tlhkttkr alpk wotf ot ' Ufmt cliilws os m sflrtkgk` vkrsolg lc tfk nogutks lc tfmt nkktoge' Lur tfmgbs mrk ùk tl DlkMimn wfl rkalr`k` tfk prlakkòges'@r' Pru`y @ruabkr) cmaoiotmtlr clr tfk Hkrekg Alugty Poggotus Qkic.Fkip erlup ) wkialnk` tfk erlup lcmpprlxonmtkiy =0: pklpik) mg` tfmgbk` tfk vliugtkkrs clr mrrmgeoge m wo gk.mg`.afkksk skrvoak ùroge tfk hrkmb' Qfkogtrlùak` Zmstlr Mrtfur Clrshkre lc tfk M`vkgt Iutfkrmg Afuraf) Qlpfy Borsaf skrvoge mt tfk rkeostrmtolg `ksb)Hkg Plgeuk skrvoge ms qukstolg allrògmtlr) mg` Xlhkrt Qfkccoki` wfl wms skiioge IL[@ GLOQK F[XPQ hunpkrstoabkrs tl hkgkcot tfk skic.fkip erlup mg` tf k Mnkroamg Poggotus Msslaomtolg' Qfk msbk` toggotus pmtokgts tlug`krstmg` tfkor mccioatolg) skkb nkòami amrk crln algakrgk` mg` ogclrnk` pfysoaomgs) mg` fkip og tfk `kvkilpnkgtlc wfmt alui` hkalnk m gmtolgmi nlvknkgt tl `knmg` cugòge clr rkskmraf mg` trkmtnkgt' Qfk ogtrlùak` Ns'Eilrom Xkoaf) Kxkautovk @orkatlr lc MPM) wfl afmork` tfk rknmog`kr lc tfk nkktoge'Nr' Dmab Qfmporl) Afmornmg lc tfk Glrtf Ilg`lg toggotus erlup lc tfk Hrotosf Poggotus Msslaomtolg) kxpimogk`tfk mons mg` matovotoks lc tfk Hrotosf msslaomtolg mg` kxprkssk` tfk flpk clr kxpmg`k` ogtkrgmtolgmi allpkrmtolg'Ns' Xkoaf ogtrlùak` ikm`krs lc skic.fkip erlups2 Gkw _lrb) Hlstlg) Ilge Osimg`) Zfoim`kipfom mg` Qlutf Dkrskyerlups wkrk rkprkskgtk`' Qfk kxpimogk` flw tfk MPM lpkrmtks mg` òsaussk` plssohik wmys og wfoaf tf klremgozmtolg%s skrvoaks alui` hk kxpmg`k` tl nkkt tfk erkmt gkk`'Nr' Xlhkrt Flabs) gmtolgmi afmornmg lc MPM) emvk tfk fostlry lc tfk rkskmraf erlup og Zlrtimg`) Lrkelg) wflusk` tl mssknhik wkkbiy tl mpprlmaf m prlhikn tfmt gl lgk fm` skrolusiy skkg hkclrk4 tfk pioeft lc tfk toggotuspmtokgt' Nmgy nkktoges prlùak` tfk algakpt lc (nmsboge( tfmt @r' Dmab Skrglg polgkkrk`' Hkamusk lc tfk fuekplpuimtolg lc voatons lc toggotus) tfk erlup `kao`k` tl fli` wlrbsflps og vmrolus pmrts lc tfk alugtry' Kvkgtumiiytfk algakpt lc skic.fkip erlups wms `kvkilpk`) mg` glw minlst koefty skic. fkip erlups mrk og lpkrmtolg lr mrk hkogeclrnk` ' Pfk MP M fms vkry ionotk` rksluraks mg` skic.fkip erlups mrk m ell` nkmgs ilamiiy tl aliikat mg` afmggkiogclrnmtolg' Nr ' Flabs strkssk` tfk gkk` cl r cug`.rmosoge'Elvkrgnkgt sluraks clr rkskmraf fmvk `rok` upalgso`krmhiy mg` ot os gkakssmry clr pmtokgts tl allpkrmtk mg` rmosk cug`s provmtkiy'

Nmry NkobIk Hlh Flabk &2Ilrom Xkoaf Dmab Skrglg


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Qkic.fkip Erlups Algvkgtolg) algtoguk` rrln pe'iNs' Xkoaf kxpimogk` tfmt tfk skic.fkip erlups sflw nmgyòcckrkgt pmttkrgs lc lremgozmtolg' Qlnk mrk v k r 4 4 ~ snmii)nkktoge ogclrnmiiy mt m nknhkr%s flnk' Qlnk mrk gl t truk(skic.fkip( erlups hu t mr k lremgozk` mrlug` m ikm`kr mg`spkaoc oa prlermns' Hut mii skic.fkip erlups sflui` fmvk mstfkor pronmry lhdkatovk tf k supplrt mg` mssostmgak lc tfkerlup%s pmrtoaopmgts' Qlnk nmttkrs tfmt skic.fkip cmaoiotmtlrsnoeft ogvkstoemtk mrk4 sflui` tfkrk hk clrnmi afmptkrs< Pfosogvlivks slnk ikemi prlhikns mg` m`òtolgmi kxpkgsk) hut noeftmo` og cug`.rmosoge hkamusk lc mg lccoaomi stmtus' Ns' Xkoafmsbk` clr (ckk`hmab( lg tfk skic.fkip euo`kiogks sfk aorauimtk`mg` msbk` oc afmgeks wkrk ogòam tk`' Ikttkrs tlrkprkskgtmtovks amg hk prlùatovk hkamusk tfk gunhkr lcsucckrkrs os sl imrek2 m rkakgt akgsus prldkatolg ogòamtk`mhlut 1::)::: voatons og Gkw Dkrsky mg` m sonoimr gunhkr ogNmssmafusktts' Lgk ikm`kr sueekstk` tfmt m clrnmilremgozmtolg m``s plwkr tl m erlup%s cugatolgoge' Mòsm`vmgtmek lc fmvoge pkrnmgkgt ikm`krs os tfmt tfk ikm`krnoeft kxpkat m ckk2 curtfkr) tf k erlup noeft hkalnkafmggkik` ogtl roeo` pmttkrgs tfmt ogfohot rkmi) crkk sfmroge'Ot wlui` hk wkii oc tfk rmg`ln qukstolggmorks tfmt mr k glwhkoge usk` hy slnk erlups wkrk tl hk nm`k ugoclrn sl tfmttfk rksuits amg hk sunnmrozk` systknmtoamiiy mg` nkmgogecuiiy'Mctkr m rkakss clr rkcrksfnkgts) @r' Nmry Nkobik)`kvkilpkr lc tfk Poggotus @mtm Xkeostry) splbk mhlut tfk(doe.smw.puzzik( prlhikn lc `ksarohoge tfk gmturk lc toggotus'

Mt prkskgt m alnputkrozk` `mtm hmgb os lpkrmtoge og tf kkxpkatmtolg tfmt ot noeft yoki` m uskcui pmttkrg lc toggotus`ksaroptolgs' Poggotus pmtokgts usumiiy `ksarohk tfkor slug` msrogeoge lr fossoge) hut ltfkr slug`s) suaf ms sozzioge) mrk mislrkplrtk`' Poggotus os crkqukgtiy amusk` hy kxtrknk glosk mg`tfk afmrmatkrostoa slug` os m foef.potafk` rogeoge' Ot osonplrtmgt tl mttknpt tl alrrkimtk plssohik amusks wotf tfkalgskqukgaks' Pfk toggotus sygtfksozkr) wotf ot s ampmhoioty tlrkprlùak toggotus slug`s) amg hk m vmiumhik tlli clr mgmiysos'Qlnk ogtkrkstoge plssohik alrrkimtolgs mrk knkreoge mg` woiihk rkplrtk` ms mgmiysks mrk alnpiktk`) Msporog os m uskcuirkskmraf tlli hkamusk lc ots mhoioty tl ogùak m toggotus tfmtos rkvkrsohik wfkg tfk `rue os òsalgtoguk` ' Qlnk lc tfksaokgtosts mrk vliugtkkroge ms suhdkats clr tfos plssohikkxpkronkgt'@r' Skrglg hkemg hy kxprkssoge fos hkiokc tfmt tfkprlhikn lc toggotus amg mg` woii hk ioabk`' Pfk tkafglileoamim`vmgaks lc lur mek ogòamtk tfmt m algakgtrmtk` kcclrt amgyoki` mnmzoge rksuits' Fk os gl t smtoscok` wotf tfkogstrunkgtmtolg usk` clr nmsboge) hkamusk nmgucmaturkrs skknlvkriy algakrgk` mhlut tfk alsnktoa cmatlr' Pfkrk prlhmhiywoii gkvkr hk m sogeik aurk clr toggotus) hkamusk tfkrk os glsogeik ktoliley' Poggotus os m nuitocmaktk` prlhikn) mg` tfkmrnmnkgtmroun nust ogaiu`k m vmrokty lc t rkmtnkgtmpprlmafks' Qogak tfk iotkrmturk os spmrsk mt prkskgt) nuafnust hk ikmrgk` crln tfk pmtokgts' Lgk lc @r' Skrglg%spmtokgts fm` fkr toggotus nmsbk` vkry kcckatovkiy..wfkg sfkrknknhkrk` tl wkmr tfk nmsbkr) turg ot lg) mg` put og mhmttkry ' Ogput crln kvkry pmtokgt ks tmhi osfk` tfkoòlsygarmtoa gmturk lc toggotus) wfoaf nust hk algso`krk`hkclrk tfkrk amg hk kcckatovk trkmtnkgt' Cmoiurk os pmrt lctfk ikmrgoge prlakss' O t os onplrtmgt glt tl eovk up flpk'Nmgy typks lc ogvkstoemtolgs mrk gkk`k`' M qukstolg mg`mgswkr pkrol` laaupok` tfk imst flur lc tfk nkktoge'

QKIC.FKIZ EXL[Z ZXLDKAPQHunpkr stoabkrs mrk hkoge sli` hy tw l lc tf kskic.fkip erlups og lr`kr tl rmosk nlgky clr toggotusrkskmraf wfoik mt tf k smnk tonk puhioaosoge tfkprlhikns lc glosk mg` toggo tus' Oc ylu wlui iobktl amrry tfksk nkssmeks lg ylur amr ylu nmy wrotktl 4 Hlh Qfkccoki`) Hkrekg Poggotus Erlup) 1?Flio`my At' ) Xovkr Smik) GD :535; clr 'IL@'@GLOQK F[XPQ) lr @lilrks Fmii) Ull`stlwg PoggotusErlup) =6 Fmrros Imgk) Ull`stlwg) GD :6:?6 clrFKIZ COEFP POGGOP[Q-' Zikmsk skg` $=':: clrtfk hunpkr stoabkr mg` m skic.m``rkssk` stmnpk`kgvkilpk clr nmoioge o t tl ylu'

@ l ~ l r k s Fmii lc tfk Ull`stlwg Poggotus Erlupmsbs m qukstolg l c @r' Skrglg'

Nobk mg` Fkikg Noiis) Qlpfok Borsaf mg` ltfkrspmrtoaopmtoge og tfk skic.fkip nkktoge)

GKU HXLAF[XK GLU MSMOIMHIK(Alpoge wotf tfk Qtrkss lc Poggotus(m hrlafurk lc alpoge tops clr tflskpmtokgts tryoge tl algtkg` wotf tfkpkrsostkgt mgglymgak lc toggotus'

LX@KXOGE OGCLXNMPOLGCrkk sogeik alpoks clr MPMnknhkrs' Zikmsk skg` m skicm``rkssk` stmnpk` kgvkilpknmrbk` (Qtrkss Hrlafurk(']umgtoty lr`krs4 $'=: pkr alpy


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ZLOGP LC SOKUhy Xlhkrt U' Qwkktlw) Zf'@'M soegocoamgt gunhkr lc tf k rkm`krs lc tfos gkwsikttkrfmvk trok` toggotus nmsbkrs mg` fkmroge mo`s og mg mt knpt tl(alvkr.up( tfkor toggotus wotf ikss tfmg smtoscmatlry rksuits'Xkmslgs clr tfos vmry' Qlnk prlckssolgmis fmvk hkkg sl hli`ms tl onpiy tfmt toggotus succkrkrs wfl fmvk glt mafokvk`suaakss wotf nmsbkrs fmvk hkkg kvmiumtk` lr c o t tkònprlpkriy' Og slnk amsks tfos os ug`luhtkìy truk' Pfkrk

kxosts m sozkmhik pkrakgtmek lc toggotus succkrkrs) flwkvkr)cl r wfln nmsboge os sonpiy mg ugmaakptmhik suhstotutk clrtoggotus' Clr tfksk pklpik MG_ glosk &kvkg oc o t alvkrs tf ktoggotus/ tfmt os algstmgtiy ogvmòge tfkor fkm` os mgmgglymgak tfmt tfky wlui` fmvk òccoauity `kmioge wotf' Clrslnk ogòvoùmis wfl amgglt m`mpt tl nmsboge) holckk`hmabmg` ltfkr strkss nmgmeknkgt prlakùrks fmvk hkkg prksarohk`'Clr ltfkrs kxkraosk) òktmry) mg` gutrotolgmi prlermns fmvkhkkg sueekstk`' Holckk`hmab mssosts pmtokgts og nogonozogestrkss wfoaf alui` kxmakrhmtk toggotus pkrakptolg' Pfktkafgoquk misl os uskcui og tkrns lc fkipoge tf k pkrslg tlrkalegozk tfk fkrktlclrk ugrkalegozk` algtrli fk,sfk fms lvkrakrtmog hlòiy cugatolgs' Akrtmog mutflrs fmvk sueekstk` tfmtòktmry mg` gutrotolgmi prlermns amg nogonozk lr kvkgkionogmtk toggotus' Mt tfos plogt og tonk flwkvkr) tfkrk osiottik kvo`kgak tl supplrt tf k gltolg tfmt toggotus amg hkkionogmtk` og amsks wfkrk tfk ug`kriyoge amusk os nkòamiiyug`ktkrnogk`' Ufoik rkskmraf kcclrts tl cog` kcckatovktrkmtnkgts nust mg` woii algtoguk) wk nust glt turg lurhmabs lg tfk noiiolgs lc toggotus succkrkrs wfl gkk` fkip glw'Eovkg tfk prkskgt stmtk lc tf k mrt) wk prlckssolgmisnust msb lurskivks oc wk mrk hkoge rkmiostoa og tryoge tl trkmttfos synptln wfkg wk `lg%t kvkg bglw wfmt òskmsk prlakssnmy hk prlùaoge o t ' Noiiolgs lc ogòvoùmis mrk mwmrk lcfmvoge toggotus hut mrk mhik tl kcckatovkiy oeglrk ot ' Clrtflsk wfl amgglt) pkrfmps tfk trkmtnkgt sflui` hk òrkatk`tlwmr`s tfk ogòvoùmi%s mttdty`k mhlut tfkor toggotus) rmtfkr=fmg tlwmr` tfk toggotus otskic' Og ltfkr wlr`s) wfoik tfkug`kriyoge prlhikn nmy og`kk` fmvk m purkiy pfysoami lroeog)tf k pkrslg%s rkmatolg tl tf k prlhikn rknmogs imrekiypsyaflileoami mg` tfos sflui` hk tfk claus lc nmgmeknkgt'Pfksk stmtknkgts sflui` glt hk algstruk` ms sueekstoge tfmttoggotus succkrkrs mrk psyaflileoamiiy mhglrnmi' Og`kk`) tfkvmst nmdlroty mrk knltolgmiiy mg` nkgtmiiy stmhik ogòvoùmiswfl mr k hkoge clrak` tl `kmi wotf mg mhglrnmi sotumtolg4tfmt lc fmvoge mg ugwkialnk muòtlry ogtru`kr tmboge uprkso`kgak og tfkor fkm`' Poggotus pmtokgts O fmvk wlrbk` wotffmvk slnktonks tmbkg lcckgsk tl tfk cmat tfmt O mnsueekstoge tfmt m (psyaflileoami( lr (mttotuògmi( afmgek osgkakssmry clr tfkn tl `kmi wotf tfkor prlhikn' Qlnk lc tfosrkskgtnkgt os hmsk` lg prkvolus `kmioges tfky nmy fmvk fm`wotf prlckssolgmis wfl fmvk amiilusiy mg` oeglrmgtiyamtkelrozk` tfkn ms (armzy(' Glgktfkikss) lgak tfky maakpttfk cmat tfmt tfk gkk` clr mttotuògmi afmgek `lks glt onpiynkgtmi lr knltolgmi mhglrnmioty) nlst pmtokgts woii merkk tlòsauss flw tfky noeft kcckat tfos afmgek'Og ny kxpkrokgak tl `mtk) tfk nlst kcckatovk vkfoaik tlprlnltk plsotovk afmgek os tf k supplrt,kùamtolgmi erlup'Pfk supplrt,kùamtolgmi erlup O mn sueekstoge os glt tfk smnkms tfk skic.fkip erlups aurrkgtiy hkoge m`vlamtk` hy tf kMnkroamg Poggotus Msslaomtolg' Hltf typks lc erlups sfmrkgunkrlus sonoimrotoks flwkvkr' Clr ogstmgak) hltf mrkekgkrmiiy alnprosk` lc m rkimtovkiy snmii gunhkr &ikss tfmg =;/lc toggotus succkrkrs wfl nkkt tlektfkr og m nutumiiysupplrtovk) glg.tfrkmtkgoge mtnlspfkrk tl sfmrk kxpkrokgaks)algakrgs) mg` wmys lc `kmioge wotf tfkor togg otus' Hltfprlvo`k m clrun clr kxpilroge mg` rkslivoge prlhikns' Hltfprlnltk afmgek hkamusk lc sonoimr ogciukgaks' Pfkskonplrtmgt cmatlrs amg hk `kcogk` ms cliilws4dnotmtdlg . hlrrlwoge pmrts lc ltfkr erlup nknhkr%s alpoge2trmtkeoksmitruosn . p rlvoòge tfk pmtokgt wotf mg lpplrtugoty tl fkipltfkrs hkamusk lc fos,fkr lwg kxpkrokgaks mg` tflueftso g s t o i i d g ~ flpk . ogtkrmatoge wotf ltfkrs wfl fmvk pmssk`tfrluef tf k pfmsk lc arosos tfk toggotus pmtokgt nmy hkkxpkrokgaogeykgtdimtdlg lc ckkiogm.s . prlvo oge tfk lpplrtugoty tl (ekt ot

lc c lgk%s afkst(

ugovkrsmioty . nkktoge wotf ltfkrs wfl mii sfmrk tfk smprlhikn) tfus rkmiozoge tfky mrk glt milgkm a a k t ~ t m g a k lc rksplgsohoioty . ikmrgoge tfk ionots lc wltfkr erlup nknhkrs mg` prlckssolgmis amg prlvo`kKmaf lc tfksk ogciukgaks prlnltk afmgek) mg`mttkg`mgak lc nknhkrs mt tf k erlup skssolgs onpioks tfmafmgek os `ksork`' Pfk uitonmtk elmis lc hltf typks lc erl

mrk vkry sonoimr4 tl fkip tfk toggotus succkrkr try vmronktfl`s tl hkst alpk wotf tfk toggotus) tl glt eovk up fltl nogonozk ckmr) mg` tl glt gkemtovkiy mitkr tfkor iock sthkamusk lc tfk toggotus'Pfk mpprlmafks og rkmafoge tfos elmi flwkvkr mrk quòcckrkgt `kpkgòge lg wfktfkr tfk erlups mrk skic.fkipsupplrt,kùamtolgmi lrokgtk`' Og skic.fkip erlups tfkrk osprlckssolgmi ikm`kr matovkiy ogvlivk` og tfk skssolgs' Pfos ahk m nmdlr m`vmgtmek) sogak ot os tfk sfmroge lc kxpkrokgmnlge nknhkrs plsskssoge m alnnlg hlg` tfmt os tf k `rovclrak og tf k erlup' Pfk ogtkrmatolg mnlge erlup nknhprlnltks tfk kcclrt tl kcckat afmgeks' Pfos ogtkrmatolg ahk stocik` oc m prlckssolgmi ikm`kr wfl mssunks tfk mutflrlik lc tfk kxpkr t os ogvlivk ' Erlup nknhkrs nmy tkgìllb tl tfk prlckssolgmi clr (tfk aurk( tfus arkmtoge tfk cmskauroty tfmt tfky `lg%t gkk` tl tmbk tf k rksplgsohoiotycog` mgswkrs clr tfknskivks' Misl nknhkrs noeft hk knhmrrmssk` tl rkvkmi ckmrs mg ` oggkr tfluefts tlmutflroty coeurk' M plsotovk lutalnk lc ikm`krikss skic.ferlups os tfmt tfk nknhkrs amg tmbk arkòt clr tfkor lalnpktkgak og kcckatoge m plsotovk afmgek' Mg mutflrotmt%kxpkrt% ikm`kr amg fmnpkr mii lc tfos'Qlnk lc tfk nlrk suaaksscui skic.fkip erlups suafMialflioas Mglgynlus) Emnhikrs Mglgynlus) mg` Uo`lwUo`lw fmvk cilurosfk` utoiozoge suaf ikm`krikss clrnmts' Pgkk`s lc toggotus succkrkrs mrk òcckrkgt crln tfk gk`sogòvoùmis kgrliik` og typoami skic.fkip erlups flwkvkr og ttfk synptln lc toggotus alui` hk m wmrgoge lc m skrolus) mpkrfmps trkmtmhik) oiigkss' Qtmtknkgts nm`k ùroge tfk alulc tf k erlup skssolgs og tf k mhskgak lc m bglwikèkmprlckssolgmi alui` hk òsrkemr`k` wfkg og cmat tfkyonplrtmgt kgluef tl wmrrmgt curtfkr nkòami ogvkstoemtoClr kxmnpik) O sm t og lg lgk skic.fkip skssolg wfkg m wogtkgtolgk` nknhkr òsaussk` tf k fkip fk rkakovk` crputtoge fkrhmi `rlps ogtl fos kmr' Fos stlry wms qualgvogaoge mg` m gunhkr lc ltfkr nknhkrs wrltk `lwggmnk lc tfk `rlps mg` stmtk` tfkor ogtkgt tl try tfknwmotk` clr curtfkr òsaussolg mg` cogmiiy rlsk tl wnknhkrs tfmt sflui` mgy lc tfkn fmvk m pkrclrmtk` kmr`rtfky woii hk kxplsoge tfknskivks tl m plssohik ogckatolgtfky put `rlps og tfkor kmrs ' Mgltfkr im`y ogòamtk` ekttrkiokc wfkg sfk mppiok` prkssurk tl lgk so`k lc fkr tfrlKcckatovkiy) tfos ugoimtkrmi toggotus succkrkr wms algprkssfkr amrlto` mrtkry' O c m hoimtkrmi toggotus succkrkr wkrktr y alnprkssoge tf k amrlto` mrtkroks lg hltf so`ks) fk,alui` arkmtk kxtrknkiy skrolus prlhikns' Mgltfkr pkrkxtliik` tfk usk lc mg kxpkgsovk maupugaturk trkmtnkgt tfkipk` fon) hut fms prlvkg ogkcckatovk clr salrks lc lttoggotus pmtokgts O fmvk splbkg wotf' Pfk prkskgak lprlckssolgmi mt tfksk nkktoges alui` òspki nytfs mhltoggotus nmgmeknkgt prlakùrks mg` kùamtk pmtokgts rkemr`tfk rkmioty lc tfkor sotumtolg'[gclrtumgtkiy) tfkrk mrk glt m il t lc prlckssolgtrmogk` mg` woiioge tl pmrtoaopmtk ms m glg.mutflrotmtikm`kr og suaf erlups' Nlst pfysoaomgs mg` muòlileosts fhkkg trmogk` tl alugski og mg mutflrotmtovk nmggkr' Oc)nkgtolgk` kmriokr) tf k (ikm`kr( `lks tfos) ot woii stoogtkrmatolg mnlge tfk erlup nknhkrs mg` woii òsalurmek tfcrln tmboge tf k rksplgsohoioty tl skkb tfkor lwg sliutolPfk prlckssolgmi ikm`kr lc tfk typk lc erlup O mn m`vlamtnust hk woiioge tl usk fos,fkr tmikgts tl nlhoiozk tfk erlurksluraks wotf m nogonmi mnlugt lc ogtkrvkgtolg' Flwkvtf k ikm`kr nust rkalegozk wfkg ot os gkakssmry) lr mt ikfkipcui) tl ogtkrvkgk og lr`kr tl nmogtmog m ileoami òrkatclr tfk erlup'


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Zlogt lc Sokw) algtoguk` crln pe'1Pfk ikm`kr alui` mssost erkmtiy og rkùaoge mgxokty mhluttoggotus hy kùamtoge tfk erlup' Oc hy kùamtoge tfk erlup)tfk ikm`kr fms tl mssunk mg mutflroty rlik suaf tfmt tfkerlup nknhkrs hkalnk pmssovk maakptlrs rmtfkr tfmg matovkal nhm tmg s) tfk ikm`kr sflui` algso`kr hrogeoge og lutso`k%kxpkrts% tl m``rkss tf k erlup lg tlpoas suaf ms strkssnmgmeknkgt) gutrotolg) fkmroge mo`s) mg` nkòami prlakùrks'Pfk ikm`kr nust hk lgk wfl fms) mg` prlnltks) m vkryplsotovk hkiokc tfmt kvkrylgk og tfk erlup amg ikmrg tl mitkrtfkor mttotu`k mhlut tfkor t oggotus) wotflut eovoge tfkonprkssolg tfmt m normaik aurk os mrlug` tfk alrgkr' Pfkikm`kr sflui` hk trmogk` og erlup `ygmnoas sl ms tl rkalegozkglrnmi prlakssks tfmt ogòamtk prlerkssolg ms lpplsk` tlmhglrnmi prlakssks tfmt sueekst ogtkrvkgtolg os gkakssmry' Mgonplrtmgt cugatolg lc tfk ikm`kr os tl kgsurk tfmt kmaf erlupnknhkr fms mg lpplrtugoty tl pmrtoaopmtk og tfk òsaussolg msnuaf ms plssohik' Pfk sfy nknhkr%s roeft tl hk soikgt nusthk rkspkatk` hut oc tfmt nknhkr eovks glg.vkrhmi ogòamtolgstfmt fk wmgts tl spkmb) tfos sflui` hk gltoak` hy tfk ikm`kr'Algvkrskiy) oc lgk lr twl nknhkrs mrk nlglpliozoge tf kòsaussolg) mg` tfk ltfkr nknhkrs mppkmr tl hk hlrk`) tfkikm`kr nust ogtkrvkgk)Pfk ikm`kr sflui` rkquork nkòami mg` muòlileoamirkalr`s lg kmaf nknhkr sl o t amg hk `ktkrnogk` wfktfkr mi irkmslgmhik lptolgs) suaf ms mnpiocoamtolg) nmsbkrs)holckk`hmab) kta' fmvk hkkg m`kqumtkiy kxpilrk`' Nlrklvkr)tfksk rkalr`s sflui` hk sarutogozk` tl kgsurk tfmt mg

m`kqumtk nkòami kxmnogmtolg fms hkkg alnpiktk`'Pfk ikm`kr nust hk woiioge tl m`not oeglrmgak mhlut tfossuhdkat wfoaf wk mrk) og cmat ) quotk oeglrmgt mhlut'Nlrklvkr) tfk ikm`kr nust rkalegozk tfk lpplrtugoty tl `rmwlut ogtuotovk) ogvkgtovk tfluefts crln toggotus pmt okgts hkamuskgkw rkskmraf prldkats mg` pkrfmps tfk uitonmtk mgswkrs nmyiok og tfk tfluefts lc toggotus succkrkrs wfl fmvkg%t hkkgtrmogk` tl kxprkss tfkor tfklroks og maakptmhik saokgtocoatkrns' Og ltfkr wlr`s) tfk ikm`kr gkk`s tl pimak fonskic lrfkrskic mt tf k smnk ikvki ms tf k pmtokgts) rkmiozoge tfmtgkotfkr prlckssolgmis gl r imy pklpik fmvk ykt rkslivk` tf kòiknnms arkmtk` hy toggotus mg` tfmt imy mg` prlckssolgmipklpik gkk` tl hk k'eum'i pmrtgkrs og cogòge mgswkrs'Ufkg m ikm`kr plssksks tfksk sboiis tfk ogtkrmatolgmnlge erlup nknhkrs woii hk kgalurmek` mg ` kgfmgak`'Zmtokgts woii ckki tfmt tfky mrk rksplgsohik clr plsotovkafmgeks mg` tfky woii fmvk tf k algco`kgak tfmt tfkorstrmtkeoks mr k smgatolgk` mg` hmabk` hy m bglwikèkmhikprlckssolgmi wfl os wlrboge lg tfkor hkfmic'Fmvoge stmtk` ny lpogolg lg wfmt O algso`kr tfk %o`kmi%erlup mrrmgeknkgt) O sflui` knpfmsozk tfmt O stoii algso`kr tfkskic.fkip erlup tl hk m uskcui algakpt' O rkalegozk tfmt ot osglt rkmiostoa tl kxpkat mg onnkòmtk knkrekgak lc `lzkgs lcsupplrt,kùamtolg erlups sonoimr tl tfk rkakgt kxpmgsolg lcskic.fkip erlups' Glgktfkikss) lremgozkrs lc skic.fkip erlupsaurrkgtiy mat ovk) mg` cl r tfk c u t u r ~ ~ f l u i ` ~ g a l u r m e k prlckssolgmis tl lhtmog tfk gkakssmry t r m I n ~ e tl I n p ~ k n k g t tfk clrnmt `ksarohk` mhlvk' Ufkg prlcksswgmis rkmfzk tfkprlerkss tfmt amg hk nm`k og tfksk erlups) nlrk woii hkmgxolus tl ekt ogvlivk`''''

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FKMIPF CMOXQUk%vk fkmr` crln slnk lc tfk skic.fkip erlups tfmt tfky fmpmrtoaopmtk` og ilami fkmitf cmors tl fkip maqumogt tfk puhwotf toggotus' Pfksk laamsolgs lcckr m ell` lpplrtugotykùamtk pklpik mhlut toggotus mg` ltfkr fkmroge prlhikMPM os eim` tl fmvk rkprkskgtmtovks mt tfksk cmors mg` fmrkakgtiy tmbkg lur rgm tkromis tl cmors og Lrkelg mUmsfogetlg' Pfk Qkmttik Fkmitf Cmor wms splgskrk` hyUkstkrg Umsfogetlg Qlaokty lc Muòlileosts' O t wms vsuaaksscui og tkrns lc pklpik algtmatk` mg` wk wkrk pikmtl pmrtoaopmtk' Glt sflwg og tfk poaturk os Zmtroak @uZwfl vkry ekgkrlusiy `lgmtk` fkr tonk tl fkipoge us ùrtfk cmor' Pfmgb ylu Zmt roak'

EIlrom Xkoaf mg` CIktm Qnotf (nmg( tfk MPMòkptmy mt tf k Qkmttik Fkmroge Fkmitf Cmor'CXOKG@Q) @LKQ PFOQ QL[G@ CMNOIOMXLg m rkakgt vosot tl Aikvkimg` O sm t rkmòge tfk prlergltks mt Qynpflgy mg` amnk marlss m rkprlùatolgHkktflvkg%s Fkoioekgstm`t Pkstmnkgt wrottkg og =6Hkktflvkg wms bglwg tl fmvk toggotus mg` tl fmvk slufkip cl r fos fkmroge prlhikns' D4Oos fkmroge flrgsòspimyk` og tf k Hkktflvkg flusk =g Hlgg) Ekrnmgy' Pkxakrpt os crln tfk Kgeiosf trmgsimtolg hy Micrk` Botafog'(Lf yk ckiilw.nkg) tfmt `kkn nk flstoik) `kaimrk nkhk lhstogmtk lr nosmgtfrlpoa) flw ugdust ylur mrk- _luglt bglw tf k fo``kg amusk lc wfmt mppkmrs tl ylu tl hkNy fkmrt mg` ny nog` fmvk) sogak afoi`fll`) foki`k` tltkg`kr tluaf lc funmg bog`gkss' Pfk nll` wms miwmys wnk tl maalnpiosf erkmt tmsbs' Hut lgiy hkmr og nog` tfmt sox ykmrs m òsmstrlus mccioatolg fms hkcmiikg n k ~ meermvmhy oeglrmgt `latlrs' @kakovk` crln ykm r tl ykmr n tfk ftfmt O wlui` rkalvkr2 clrak` mt imst tl maakpt tfk prlspkam nmim`y tfmt wlui` tmbk ykmrs tl fkmi) gmy) kvkg rknogaurmhik2 kg`lwk` crln hortf wotf m iovkiy) ~ r `òsplsotolg susakptohik tl tfk pikmsurks lc funmg slaIktyvkry sllg% fm` tl aut nyskic lcc) iovk m iock lc ilgkiogUfkg slnktonks O lvkramnk gy ckmrs) lf flw hrutmiiy wmrkpkiik` hy tfk rk`luhik` rkmiozmtolg lc ny hm` fkmroge-ykt O stoii alui` glt hroge nyskic tl tfk plogt lc smyogepklpik4 (spkmb ilu`kr) sflut) clr O mn `kmc-( ( Mg` tfk ugfmppy lgk mnlge ylu amg rkmp algslimcrln tfk cmat tfmt tfkrk wms lgk iobk fon wfl `kspotk mii onpkònkgts lc gmturk wkgt lg `loge mii og fos plwkr tl cmaakptmgak wotfog tfk rmgbs lc akikhrmtk` mrtosts mg` nkg'


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PFK MNKXOAMG POGGOP[Q MQQLAOMPOLGQKIC.FKIZ EXL[ZQ CLX POGGOP[Qhy Eilrom K' XkoafPfk Mnkroamg Poggotus Msslaomtolg &MPM/ hkemg tllrb lg tf k clrnmtolg lc skic.fkip erlups clr toggotus''ucckrkrs mctkr O fm` nm`k twl vosots tl Kgeimg` og =?6= tlspkm'b hkclrk tfk Glttogefmn toggotus erlup mg` hkclrk tf kmggumi algvkgtolg lc erlups og Ilg`lg' Pfk Hrotosf PoggotusMsslaomtolg &HPM/ fm` hkkg clrnk` ms m alugtkrpmrt tl MPMog tfk sunnkr lc =?56) HPM%s struaturk) flwkvkr) òcckrk`crln lurs og tfmt tfky miwmys fm` mg msslaomtolg lc ilamierlups' Pfksk erlups prlvo`k` skttoges wfkrk tfk pmtokgtsalui` ek t tlektfkr tl tmib mhlut tfkor toggotus lr m rkimtk`prlhikn) lr `kvkilp m slaomi rkimtolgsfop wotf ltfkrs wflsfmrk` tf k alnnlg prlhikn' M rkakgt ikt tkr crln tf kAfmornmg lc lgk lc tfk HPM erlups ogclrnk` us tfmt tfk HPMfki` tfkor ;tf mggumi nkktoge lc tfk skic.fkip erlups ogIlg`lg og Glvknhkr =?68' Pfky tfkg fm` 30 erlups rmgeogeog sozk crln tfk snmiikst lc ? lr =: nknhkrs tl tf k imrekstlc lvkr 1;: nknhkrs' Pfky mrk flpoge tl rkakovk elvkrgnkgtcugòge tl miilw ermùmtk stu`kgts og slaomi wlrb tl spkg` mykmr wlrboge mnlge toggotus mg` fmr`.lc.fkmroge succkrkrs'Pfk erlup nlvknkgt ekgkrmiiy fms hkkg ogciukgtomi ogtf k `kvkilpnkgt lc psyafltfkrmpkutoa tkafgoquks' Nmgypsyaflileosts tfogb tfmt tfk erlup os tf k hkst pimak tl wlrblg ogtkrpkrslgmi rkimtolgs' Erlups tkg` tl rkprkskgt slaoktyog tfk imrekr skgsk mg` miilw m pkrslg tl `kvkilp wotfog mrkimtovkiy sfkitkrk` mrrmgeknkgt' Erlups misl) kvkg tflueftfky hk nm`k up lc ogòvoùmis lc wo`kiy vmryoge typks) tkg`tl skkb glrnmioty mg` fmvk mg ogciukgak lg tfk ogòvoùminknhkrs tl rkturg tl m nlrk algvkgtolgmi lr maakptmhikhkfmvolr ' Pfk prlakssks tfmt laaur og ogòvoùmipsyafltfkrmpy mrk iobkiy tl hk rkpkmtk` og erlups' O t fmsilge hkkg rkalegozk` tfmt pmtokgts og erlups fmvk hkgkcoaomiogciukgaks lg kmaf ltfkr) slnktonks erkmtkr tfmg tfmt lc tf ktfkrmpost ikm`kr' Nlrk rkakgtiy) tfk skic.fkip erlup nlvknkgtfms knkrek` kgalnpmssoge nlst mspkats lc funmg kg`kmvlr'Glt lgiy mrk tfkrk skic.fkip erlups clr nkgtmi mg` pfysoami% =igkssks hut cl r ltfkr mspkats lc iovoge ms wkg' Pfksk4lups mr k nlst lctkg ikm`krikss) og tf k skgsk lc m ikm`krwfl òrkats tfkrmpy) mg ` crkqukgtiy mrk vkry illskiylremgozk`' Pfky fmvk hkkg rkplrtk` tl hk hkgkcoaomi clrakrtmog erlups lc pklpik mg` mr k ikss iobkiy tl amusk tfkstrkss tfmt m pmrt oaopmgt noeft fmvk kxpkrokgak` wfkgkgtkroge m clrnmi tfkrmpy erlup' Flwkvkr) hkamusk lc tfkorillsk algstruatolg) tf k erlups nmy glt hk ms kgùroge lralfksovk ms m òrkatk` erlup mg` fkgak nmyglt lcckr ms nmgyhkgkcots' Og tfk corst fmic lc tfk twkgtoktf akgtury erlupsknkrek` tfmt wkrk lremgozk` clr m spkaoc oa purplsk lrmccioatolg' Prmay mg` Eusslw &=?53/ ogòamtk m rmpo` erlwtflc tfos bog` lc erlup crln tfkor `mtm aliikatk` up tl =?58'Mt tf k tonk lc tfmt stu`y) flwkvkr) tfky ogòamtk` tfmt tfkerlwtf rmtk clr skic.fkip erlups fm` ikvkiik` lcc hkamusk nlstlc tf k òskmsks mpprlpromtk clr skic.fkip fm` mirkm`y hkkgprkknptk`' MPM os glt tfk lgiy fkmitf rkimtk` lremgozmtolgtl fmvk knkrek` sogak tfkor stu`y' QHFF lr skic.fkip clrtfk fmr` .lc.fkmroge) supplrt erlups clr òktmry òslr`krs) mg`supplrt erlups clr pmtokgts mg` cmnoioks lc pmtokgts wotfMizfkonkr%s òskmsk mrk hut m ckw ltfkrs tfmt rkmòiy alnk tlnog`' Curtfkr lhskrvmtolgs hy Prmay mg` Eusslw tfmt skknkspkaomiiy vmio` clr erlups suaf ms MPM mrk tfmt tf k gunhkrlc tfksk erlups mg` lremgozmtolgs os ogarkmsoge mt tfk smnkpmak ms tfk rkfmhoiotmtolg skrvoaks prlvo`k` hy prlckssolgmismg` pmrmprlckssolgmis og tfk nkòami kstmhiosfnkgt' Lurlremgozmtolg ò` glt hkeog tl erlw ugtoi mhlut =? 5 3.5 5 wfkgm gkw mg` vomhik trkmtnkgt) nmsboge) wms `kvkilpk` clrtoggotus' Qogak tfkg) puhioa mg` prlckssolgmi kùamtolg mg`tfk knkrekgak lc skvkrmi gkw trkmtnkgt nktfl`s fmvk miialnhogk` tl prlnltk tfk erlwtf lc prlckssolgmi ogtkrkst ogtoggotus' Ikvy &=?53/ prlvo`k` m typliley clr skic.fkip erlups2g wfoaf clur typks mrk rkalegozk`' Pypk = os afmrmatkrozk`'s fmvoge ms o ts lhdkatovk slnk clrn lc algùatrklremgozmtolg lr hkfmvolrmi algtrli' Pypk OO erlups mrkalnplsk` lc nknhkrs wfl sfmrk m alnnlg prkòamnkgt wfoafkgtmois slnk `kerkk lc strkss' Pypk ii i erlups mrk survovmilrokgtk` mg` alnplsk` lc pklpik w''fl mr k òsaronogmtk`memogst lr imhkiik` hy slaokty ms `kvomgt' Pypk OS erlupnknhkrs sfmrk m alnnlg elmi lc pkrslgmi erlwtf)skic.matumiozmtolg mg` kgfmgak` kcckatovkgkss'

Fk mg` fos msslaomtks fmvk lhskrvk` erlups og mii clur tylhskrvoge tfkor nkktoges) ogtkrvokwoge nknhkrs) òstrohuqukstolggmorks alvkroge tlpoas suaf ms tfk ogòvoùmi nknmttotu`k tlwmr` tfk erlup) flw ot lpkrmtks) mg` wfmtnknhkr pkrakovks ms hkoge fkipcui mhlut tfk erlup' Hk ctf k erlups tl hk vmromhik mg` òvkrsk og tfkor mpprlKvkg erlups lc tf k smnk lremgozmtolg lctkg algùatk` tnkktoges mg` mpprlmafk` tfkor prlhikns og m vkry òcckwmy' Ikvy misl clug` tfmt tf k nknhkrsfop lc tfksk erau t marlss tfk usumi ònkgsolgs tfmt wk noeft kxpka`kcogk erlup pmrtoaopmt olg' Pfk alnnlg amusk lr prkòamnlc tf k erlup lvkrrl`k tfksk usumi ònkgsolgs' Pryogemsskss tf k kcckatovkgkss lc erlups) Ikvy fms o`kgtocok` sprlakssks tfmt mppkmr tl prlvo`k ogsoeft ogtl tfk fkiprlakss' Hkfmvolrmi prlakssks4 slaomi rkogclraknkgt) trmomg` supplrt) nl`kioge) mekg`ms clr afmgek lc kgvorlgnAl8gotdyk prlakssks4 rmtolgmik clr tfk prlhikn) glrnmogclrnmtolg) mitkrgmtovks clr alpoge) ug`krstmgòge lgk%skxpkrokgaks) supplrt clr afmgek) rkùatolg lc skgskoslimtolg) `kvkilpnkgt lc mitkrgmtovk lr suhstotutk slstruaturk clr fkoeftkgk` skic.kstkkn' Pfksk prlakssks htl sueekst slnk lc tf k nl`ks lc ogtkrvkgtolg tfmt amgknpilyk` og lr`kr tl rkiokvk pklpik%s prlhikns'Erlup tfkrmpy) wfktfkr struaturk` mg` ik`) lr illlremgozk` mg` ikm`krikss) mppkmrs tl hk wkii ogtkermtk`lur slaokty' Uk ckit algco`kgt tfmt skic.fkip erlupstoggotus alui` hk fkipcui tl m erkmt gunhkr lc succkrkrsalgskqukgtiy lcckrk` tfk o`km og tfk MPM GkwsikttkGlvknhkr) =?6=' Zklpik wfl wkrk ogtkrkstk` og clrnoghkilgeoge tl m skic.fkip erlup clr toggotus wkrk kgalurmek`wrotk tl us' Xksplgsks wkrk suaf tfmt hy lur gkxt osNmraf) =?68) wk wkrk mhik tl puhiosf m iost lc 85 pkcrln mrlug` tfk [gotk` Qtmtks mg` Amgm`m) mg` kvkg lgkcrln Hrmzoi) wfl fm` lcckrk` tl skrvk ms erlup allrògmtwk `kvkilpk` m pmabkt lc nmtkromis tl skg` lu t tl tallrògmtlrs tl fkip tfkn ek t stmrtk`' Uk misl prlvo`k`cmaoiotmtlrs wotf tfk gmnks lc prlckssolgmis og tfkor alnnuwfl wk bgkw tl hk ogtkrkstk` og toggotus' Pfky quoclug` ltfkrs' Pfksk prlckssolgmis alui` hk msbk` tl cugams rkslurak pklpik clr tfk erlup) slnktonks spkmboge clrnlr ogclrnmiiy hkclrk tfkor nkktoges hut nlst lc mii dust htfkrk og lr`kr tl mgswkr qukstolgs tfmt mrlsk mg` gkk`kprlckssolgmi mgswkr'Pfk corst lc tfk MPM Poggotus skic.fkip erlups aogtl kxostkgak og Hkrekg Alugty) Gkw Dkrsky lg Nmy =8) =Pfos erlup wms rmpoìy cliilwk` hy m erlup lg Ilge Oslgk og Hmtlg Xluek mg` lgk og Qmg Crmgaosal) Pfkskltfkr erlups hltf matovk mg` og clrnmtolg nmbk up tfk ntfmg 6: erlups tfmt kxost tl`my clr toggotus pmtokgts' Qlc tf k imrekr erlups fmvk mirkm`y òvo`k` ogtl snmiikr mg` slnk lc tfk vkry snmii erlups kxost ms ilami tkikpfgktwlrbs' M`òtolgmiiy) slnk lc tfk toggotus skic.fkip enknhkrs mrk pmrtoaopmtoge og rkskmraf prldkats hkoge amrlut og vmrolus ugovkrsoty nkòami akgtkrs'

O t wlui` mppkmr tfmt tf k nlst fkip m erlup prlvo`k clr ot s nknhkrs akgtkrs mrlug` suaf algakrgknpmtfy) flpk) kxpimgmtolg) plsotovk rkogclraknkgt) sfmrglrnmiozmtolg) rkmssurmgak lc alnpktkgak) elmi skttogehkfmvolr nl`kis' MPM woii try tl nlgotlr mg` kvmiumtk prlerkss lc tfksk erlups mg` tfkor kcckatovkgkss og fkitoggotus pmtokgts'Og sunnmry) tf k toggotus skic.fkip erlupalgtrohutk tl tfk wkii hkoge lc tfk mccioatk` pmtokgt tfrltfk sfmroge lc alnnlg kxpkrokgaks wotf ltfkrs wfl sonoimr prlhikns' Pfk vliugtkkrs wfl fmvk alnk clrwmr`lremgozk tfk erlups rkprkskgt m hrlm` a r l s s ~ k a t o l g lc toggsucckrkrs' Mhlut kqumi gunhkrs lc nkg mg` wlnkg fvliugtkkrk` tl stmrt skic.fkip erlups mg` ot misl mppkmrsmhlut kqumi% gunhkrs lc nkg mg` wlnkg mttkg` tfk nkktoPfk erlups mrk nlrk fktkrlekgklus tfmg noeft fmvk kxpkatk`' Pfk nkmg mek clr toggotus aiogoa pmtokgts os ogilw ;:%s wotf m sbkwk` òstrohutolg) tfmt os) nlrk lpmtokgts tfmg ylugekr lgks' Pfk skic.fkip erlups) flwkwfoik tfky rkplrt m wo`k rmgek lc pmtokgt meks) mppkmfmvk nlrk ylugekr nknhkrs2 og cmat) skvkrmi lc tf k erlrkplrt mttkg`mgak hy ogòvoùmis og tfkor 8:%s' Qlnk lcerlups nkkt og tfk kvkgoges tl maalnnl`mtk wlrboge flurtfkor nknhkrs) mg` slnk fmvk aflskg tl fmvk `mynkktoges wfkrk nlrk lc tfk erlup prkckr ot' Qlnktonkstonk lc tfk nkktoge fms tl hk maalnnl`mtk` tl wfkg spmak clr fliòge m nkktoge os mvmoimhik'


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MPM Qkic.fkip Erlups) algtoguk` crln pe'sPfk erlups vmry og wfmt tfky `l mt tfkor nkktoges' Pfkrkos gl sk t clrnmt clr toggotus skic.fkip nkktoges sl kmaf erlupos crkk tl prlakk` ms tfky wosf' Mhlut fmic lc tfk erlupsfmvk spkmbkrs mt kmaf nkktoge' Og tfos wmy nknhkrs amgikmrg nlrk mhlut tfk gmturk lc tfkor prlhikn mg` wfmt oshkoge `lgk og tfk saokgtocoa alnnugoty tl slivk ot ' Pfk ltfkrfmic lc tfk erlups kgemek og òsaussolg wfkrk ogclrnmtolg ossfmrk` mhlut pkrslgmi kxpkrokgaks mg` mhlut ilami sluraks lc

fkip' Qlnk lc tfksk erlups òsauss spkaocoa mrtoaiks tfkyfmvk rkm` mhlut toggotus' Lctkg suaf nmtkromi os pmssk` crlnnknhkr tl nknhkr' Pfkrk os sl iottik ogclrnmtolg mvmoimhikmhlut toggotus mg` suaf algcioatoge vokws mrk fki` hyprlckssolgmis tfmt tfk erlup nknhkrs mrk lctkg vkry kmekr tlhkalnk hkttkr ogclrnk` sl ms tl hk hkttkr qumiocok` tl nmbk`kaosolgs mhlut tfkor lwg fkmitf prlhikns'Pfk pfysoaomg wfl os algcrlgtk` wotf m pmtokgt clrwfln iottik amg hk `lgk mg` wfl iobkiy fms mirkm`y algsuitk`nmgy ltfkr prlckssolgmis mhlut fos lr fkr toggotus prlhikn woiiglw fmvk mg mitkrgmtovk tl rkalnnkg`2 lcckroge tl tfkpmtokgt tfk skic.fkip erlup skttoge og wfoaf fk lr sfk amgnkkt ltfkrs wotf tfk smnk prlhikn wfl mrk woiioge tl prlcckrsynpmtfktoa fkip mg` ug`krstmgòge mg` tl sfmrk alpogestrmtkeoks' Qkic.fkip erlups trmòtolgmiiy fmvk prlvo`k` mclrun wfkrk nknhkrs amg tmib mnlge tfknskivks mhlut tfkormccioatolg mg` amg smy tl kmaf ltfkr2 %%= ug`krstmg`) O%vk hkkgtfkrk(' Pfos kxpkrokgak sflui` misl hk hkgkcoaomi tl toggotussucckrkrs'

NLXK PXOH[PKQHOXPF@M_Zmstlr ClrshkreDlfg MimnIksikk AmsskiXl PrmvkrCmyk QafiktkrDon PrmvkrDuiok MimnDkmg Glvoaf

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QLPX UK@@OGE MGGOSKXQMX_ ALGPXOH[PLXNr'# Nrs ' Eklrek Eohslg Dkmg # Dlfg NmykrNr'# Nrs' Pkoskr Dkmg # Dlfg NmykrNr'# Nrs' Mgski Mg`krslg Nr'# Nrs ' Kcrln Mhrmnslg

Mnkroamg Poggotus MsslaomtolgKgailsk` os ny algtrohutolg lc $Og nknlry lc ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 'lrOg flglr lc ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 'Zikmsk skg` mabglwikèknkgt tl4& ~ m r g k ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 'M``rkss ' ' 'crln &`lglr%s gmnk/M``rkss ' ' ' 0 0 &pikmsk progt/

PXOH[PKQPfk MPM Prohutk Cug` os `ksoegmtk` =::+ cl r rkskmrPfmgb ylu tl mIi tflsk pklpIk Iostk` hkilw cl r sfmrogeylur nknlrmhik lmmmsolgs og tfos fkipcui ~ m y ' Algtrohutolgs tl tf k trohutk cug` mrk tmz `kùmtohTk mg

~ o I I hk prlnptiy mabglwIkèk` ~ o t f mg mpprlpromtk amr`cl r tf k lmmmsolg)

OG NKNLX_ LCFkikg Foi`khrmg`tAimork Xuòaf BmuccnmgNobk Noiis % QostkrNr' Aimu`k AlgwkiiNrs' Fkg`krslgNrs' Krgm DksbkNoafmki Hys`rmMgtlg # Mggok ZckocckrAioctlg IknlogkEklrek A' DmalhyXotm Bmgtkr%s NltfkrXotm Bmgtkr%s CmtfkrMhrmfmn M' EioabNr' ZmekgNrs' Duiomg FurwotzFmrimg Mg`krslg@lrltfy UoislgDkrlnk QafmaftnmgEkrtru`k HusfAiocclr` N' FmgslgAiocclr` N' FmgslgDlfg BmrmhomgM'Qfmporl%s Ermg`nltfkrXlsk BmfgXlekrQmn QtkognmgCrk`m ZmuiKttm XmynmgKstm IkvkgslgAfkstkr NlostkrOG FLGLX LCQmg`y QafiktkrQmg`y QafiktkrQmg`y QafiktkrQmg`y QafiktkrErmùmtolg lcBmtok QnotfHmr Notzvmf lc@mvo` QuemrCrokg`sfop lcQyivom HrlwgCrokg`sfop lcNobk NoiisPl Fkip Cog` XkiokcCrln PoggotusFlwmr` Qmg`krsXkalvkry lcNrs' Xlhkrtm Flioabkr

Mggm QtrlnFlwmr`' C' SlotMgltfkr Pog KmrClr XkskmrafQo`gky PlwMggm QtrlnXkhkaam # Dmab PmhkgPfk Knmguki UkogstlabsAlgtoguoge Ulrb ogPoggotus Zrlermn

ALGPXOH[PLXXlhkrt # Ilos HroabfluskD' Mimn # P' @ruabkrQforiky M`kinmgPfk Emyilr`sPfk Emyilr`sNr'# Nrs' C' @' Xmns`kgDkmgkttk N' Fkm`roabMgg N) QonlgkNrs' L'@' HruakDlfg N' DmalhyQyivom # Qmn KoskghkreQyivom # Qmn KoskghkreXutf I' ArmnkrAmritlg # Hkvkriy FmiiNr'# Nrs' Ekrmi` Elr`lgNrs' U' N' HillnquostEklrek N' Uoislg) Qr 'Nr'# Nrs' Kcrln MhrmnslgNr'# Nrs' Kcrln MhrmnslgCmyk # Dlfg QafiktkrHoii # So Hillnquost@lros # Fkgry M`mnsD' Mimn # P' @ruabkrNr'# Nrs' M' NaEoiivrmyEilrom XkoafNr'# Nrs' Kcrln MhrmnslgNr'# Nrs' Kcrln MhrmnslgHurtlg TotbogNobk # Fkikg Noiis

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(@KMX MHH_( NKGPOLG QZMXBQ@KI[EK LC IKPPKXQ

Nlst lc ylu fmvk hy gl w fkmr` lc tf k trknkg`lusksplgsk tfmt wk rkakovk` crln tfk ikttkr tfmt wms puhiosfk`g tfk sygòamtk` gkwspmpkr aliung) (@kmr Mhhy() lg Mproi85 ) =?61' Og tfmt ikt tkr wk ogvotk` rkm`krs tl skg`skic.m``rkssk` stmnpk` kgvkilpks oc tfky wmgtk` nlrkogclrnmtolg mhlut toggotus' Pfky ò` rksplg`' Nlrk tfmg=;)::: ikttkrs fmvk hkkg rkakovk` mg` tfky algtoguk tl alnkog ' Pfos os mirkm`y nlrk nmoi tfmg wk mgswkr og m ykmr slclr tflsk lc ylu wfl mrk ckkioge hmìy hkamusk wk fmvkg%thkkg ms mttkgtovk ms usumi) pikmsk clreovk us' Uk%ii try tlekt hmab tl lur usumi rlutogk ms sllg ms plssohik'

Hktty Nmtfos) Dlk Qafmrcc mg` tf k ZF Nmemzogktkikvosolg arkw'

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OZkggy Xlhkrts

Zkggy Xlhkrts) M`nogostrmtovk Qkarktmry clrMPM) nmstkrnog`k` tfk mgswkroge prldkat' Minlstmi i lc tfk ikttkrs wkrk mgswkrk` wotfog lgk nlgtflc tfkor rkakopt' Qfk wms fkipk` hy vliugtkkrs wflwlrbk` torkikssiy mg` cmotfcuiiy ugtoi tfk prldkatwms alnpiktk`' Hktty Nmtfos) Afuab Nmtfos)Xoafmr` NaAlggkii) Qmiiy Hkgslg) Dl k Qafmrcc)Fkikgk Hkgslg) Pru`y Nmrbokw) Qusmg Ufotgky) HktfSmrems) Xlhog Iopps) Gkoi Dkrknomf) Ekrry Zmpk)Nrs ' K' Iug`quost) Dkmg Dlfgslg) tf k Brksekrkskmraf mssostmgts) mg` Hlh Flabs mii `kskrvk lurtfmgbs nmgy tonks lvkr clr tfkor fkip' Og m`òtolgslnk ilami husogkssks amnk tl lur mo` og tfos tonklc gkk`' Foiikhrmg`t%s Alnputkrs prlvo`k` m

tkrnogmi sl tfmt wk alui` kgtkr gmnks mg`m``rkssks wfoik algtoguoge tl amrry lg wotf lurrkeuimr wlrb' Alnnkraomi Curgosfoges Oga' prlvo`k`m tmhik clr tfk alnputkr kquopnkgt' M tl TLccoak Lutcot tkrs ikgt us mg kgvkilpk skmiogenmafogk' Flabs Imhlrmtlroks prlvo`k` slrtoge hlxksmg` pmrmpfkrgmiom clr tfk slrtoge lpkrmtolg' PfkLrkelg Fkmitf Qaokgaks [govkrsoty progtoge`kpmrtnkgt prlvo`k` us wotf spkk`y mg` kccoaokgtskrvoak' Uk miwmys fm` wfmt wk gkk`k` og tf ksflrtkst plssohik tonk' Pfmgb ylu mii clr nmbogetfos kg`kmvlr plssohik' Lur tfmgbs misl nustkxtkg` tl tf k L r k ~ t l g d m g gkwspmpkr mg` tl 'c'NNmo4%mzdgk tkikvosolg prlermn clr tfk kxakiikgtalvkrmek wfoaf tfky emvk us' Cogmiiy) tfmgb ylutl tfk stu`kgts wfl fkipk` us wotf `mtm kgtry) BkgImuro`skg mg` Dustog Alk'

Qmiiy Hkgslg) Hktty Nmtfos mg` Dlk Qafmrccslrtoge slnk lc tf k nmgy ikt tkrs rkakovk`ms m rksuit lc tfk (@kmr Mhhy( aliung'

Clr ylu wfl mrk gkw tl tf k lremgozmtolg)Ukialnk- Uk flpk tfmt ylu woii wmgt tl hkalnkmatovkiy ogvlivk` wotf lur wlrb mg` wotf m toggotusskic.fkip erlup og ylur mrkm' Oc ylu fmvk clug`tfmt ylu iovk og mg mrkm wfkrk suaf m erlup `lksglt yk t kxost) ik t us fkip ylu clrn lgk' Urotk tlus cl r `ktmois' Ot osg%t fmr` tl `l mg` ylu%ii fmvkerkmt smtoscmatolg' Gl erlup os m cmoiurk oc ot fkipskvkg lgk succkrkr'Lgk lc tfk elmis lc tf k Mnkroamg PoggotusMsslaomtolg os tl nmbk tfk prlhikn lc toggotus lg klc ikeotonmt k algakrg mg` lgk clr wfoaf tfkrk os mrkmslgmhik flpk clr sliutolg' Pfk nlst kcckatovkalgtrohutolgs tlwmr` sliutolg fmvk hkkg nm`ktfrluef trmòtolgmi nkòami rkskmraf mg` ot os flpk`tfm t suaf rkskmraf nmy hk st onuimtk` hyplpuimrozoge tfk prlhikn tl tf k kxtkgt tfmt tflskwfl succkr crln ot woii nmbk tfkor gkk`s bglwg'Lgiy wotf m hrlm` puhioa amnpmoeg clr rknkòmtolgwoii cug`s hkalnk mvmoimhik tl supplrt tfk rkskmraftfmt uitonmtkiy woii ikm` tl tf k rkiokc lc toggotuscl r ot s noiiolgs lc succkrkrs'

AFMGEKQ LC M@@XKQQKmaf ug`kiovkrk` Gkwsikttkr alsts us 8; akgtsZikmsk ik t us bglw wfkg yl u nlvk lr fmvk mm``rkss afmgek' Qkg` us HLPF tf k li` mg` tfgk w m``rkss pikmsk' Hk surk tl ogaiu`k tfzopal`k' Pfmgb ylu'


8/8

UFKG POGGOP[Q NLSK@ OG MP [Qhy Hmrhmrm KoskgprksskrOG N_ KMX UOPFL[P L[PUMX@ QOEGQPFKXK OQ FOQQOGE MG@ UFOQPIOGE MG@ F[NNOGE UFOGKQMQ PFL[EF QLNK NOGOQA[IK AXKMP[XK1 KVAOPK@PLLB [Z XKQO@KGAK 1 PcoL[EF [GOGSOPK@MG@ ALGQPMGPI_ @KAIMXKQ OPQ [GAMGG_ MHOIOP_PL BKKZ NK LG K@EK MG@ @KQPXL_ N_ QPMHOIOP_OP FMQ M XMG@LN GMP[XK MG@ GL KCCKAP[MI CLKCLX GL NMPPKX O P X _ ~ OP XKC[QKQ PL ELGLP CXLN N K @ O A O G K ~ Q[XEKX_ GLX ZXM_KX PMBKQ OPQ LX@KXQOP FMQ PMBKG [Z XKQO@KGAK OG PFKQK XMPFKX AXMNZK@ ][MXPKXQQL CXLN KGP 1 LPLILE_ 1 ZQ_AFLPFKXMZ_CXLN HOLCKK@HMAB O%SK Q[CCKXK@ M ILQQ LC ZXLQZKXOP_OP %Q MNMTOGE Fc5U @OIOEKGPI_ O FMSK @KZOAPK@ N_ OIIQXKUMX@K@ LGI_ UOPF NL[GPOGE HOIIQCXLN MGMI_QP%Q OG][OXOKQ O%SK Q[CCKXK@ MQQM[IPFLU%Q N_ QKV I O C K ~ N_ ULXB ILM@) N_ ZMXKGPQ MP CM[IPOP UMQ N_ AFOI@FLL@ PFK_ QM_ 1 UFOAF O PFL[EFP UKGP UKIIZXLSO@K@ CMIQK QKA[XOP_ MG@ UMQ Q[XKI_ M FKIIOQ N_ F[QHMG@ MG LEXK) MXK N_ AFOI@XKG LG @LZK

tinnitus today august 1983 vol 8, no 2

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