Tissues of the Body

Reminder: Atom Molecule Cell Tissue Organ System

Questions: What is Cytology? What is Histology?

What does the fox say?

Histology - the study of tissues

• Gamete = sex cells Somatic = body cells(Sperm & Egg)

• Zygote = fertilized egg

• Differentiation (morphogenesis) = the changes cells

make to become specialized • Specialization = the specific functions cells can do

• Histogenesis = the changes tissues make to become more specialized

4 Primary Tissues:

–Epithelial tissue–Connective tissue–Muscle tissue –Nervous tissue

• Two types: – membranous

• coverings or linings of organs

– glandular• form exocrine and endocrine glands

Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial Tissue

• Figure 4.4

Epithelium-Human Stomach

Glandular Epithelia

• Epithelial tissues illustrate a basic biological principle: structure closely correlates with function

• Binds the cells & organs of the body together – Connective tissue consist of two components:

cells & a matrix (extracellular fibers)

Connective Tissue

• Proper connective:• Loose – adipose

(fat)• Dense – tendons &

ligaments

• Specialized connective:• Cartilage• Bone• Blood

2 Types of Connective

Tissue

Connective Tissue

Specialized protein fibers in the matrix:

Elastin = flexibilityCollagen = strength

Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue

• An important structural component of organs – Proper Connective Tissue:

• Dense• Loose

Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue

•Cartilage –Consists of specialized cells embedded in a matrix of extracellular fibers & other extracellular material

Blood Tissue is made of 2 parts:

corpuscle Red Blood CellWhite Blood

CellPlatelets

name Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes

function carries O2 fights disease blood clotting

*other contains hemoglobin (protein) & iron (Fe)

5 different types of cells (diverse)

cell fragments

-Corpuscles (blood cells)

-Plasma (liquid)

Osseous Tissue• Bone

– Consists of bone cells (osteocytes) and a calcified cartilage matrix

Osseous Tissue

Muscle Tissue

•Made of highly specialized cells that contract, or shorten, when

stimulated to produce movement.•Because they are elongated they are called muscle fibers.

Muscle TissueInvoluntary Voluntary

one nucleus per cell multi-nucleated cells

Smooth(visceral)

Cardiac(contains intercalated discs)

Skeletal(striated)

No striations Striated

Muscle Tissue

Muscle

Tissue

Nervous Tissue

• Contains specialized cells that conduct impulses

• Conducting cells, called neurons, transmit impulses from one region of the body to another.

• Nonconducting cells, neuroglia, are a type of supporting tissue.

Nerve Tissue

Nerve Tissue

Organ Systems

• Tissues combine to form organs.– Organs are discrete structures that have

evolved to perform specific functions – Most organs do not function alone, they are

part of a group of cooperative organs, called an organ system.