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4th Edition Waste-to-Energy Conference on Challenges and Opportunities to Generate Energy from Agro and MSW

Nov 29-30, 2018, New Delhi

Presentation by:

Ramesh Bhujade,

Spandana Ramisetty

RIL R&D

RCAT-HTLReliance Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Copyright © 2018 Reliance. All rights reserved.

Sustainable and Clean Technology for Waste to Energy

2

What a Waste !


In 2016, world generated 2 billion tons of MSW, including

242 million tons of plastic waste. Waste has inbuilt Energy,

Water and Nutrients. All are lost, when waste is not treated well.

Worldwide, waste generated per person ranges widely, from 0.11

(low income countries) to 4.54 kg (high income countries)

Wet waste – Rapidly increasing in developing countries. Major

bottleneck for waste to energy projects. Increasingly expensive

for developing countries

2 billion tons of MSW has energy content worth meeting 40% India’s energy demand

Ref:World Bank, “What a Waste 2.0 : A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050. Urban Development” ,2018, Lisa Yao, Perinaz Bhada-Tata, and Frank Van Woerden.

3

High Income countries Lower middle Income countries

India and South Asian countries (lower middle income countries) produce more wet waste, making incineration uneconomical.

Waste plastics in MSW also makes Anaerobic Digestion challenging, it being biological process.

Inorganics22%

RCAT-HTL is feed flexible – cost-effective solution worldwide for 80% of MSW

What a Waste !

More Wet Waste in poor countries


4

Replaces

fossil crude

and produces

climate

friendly

transportation

fuels

RCAT-HTL Waste collection and Processing Existing Refinery

Infrastructure

Jet Diesel MFO

Green

Drop-in Crude

Handles any organic waste -dry or wet

(Agro waste, MSW organics, food waste, food processing waste, manure, bio-solids,

ETP sludge, industrial waste, mixed non-recyclable plastics,

automobile waste tyres)

Energy efficient: Uses water in wasteas a reactant and recovers fertilizer-richwater. No need of drying wet waste

Drop-in renewable crude as product:Energy-dense liquid crude, compatible withpetroleum crude. Can be processed inexisting refining infrastructure. No change inengine technology

Green solution to World’s growing energy demand using waste as a resource

RCAT-HTL, for energy-dense liquid biofuel


5

RCAT-HTL, sustainable green technology

Nature takes millions of years to produce fossil crude. HTL expedites crude oil formation,

using subcritical water as a reactant. Patented RCAT-HTL technology produces high

quality renewable drop-in crude and recovers fertilizer-rich water from any organic waste

RCAT-HTL overcomes limitations of existing Waste to Energy technologies


Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Li, Y et al., Quantitative multiphase model for hydrothermal liquefaction of algal biomass, 2017

6

Inherent Water in the Wet waste itself is a Green & Sustainable Solvent

Water, near subcritical conditions, behaves as a solvent. Di-electric constant is

comparable to organic solvents. This thermochemical transformation behavior of

water is employed in HTL to breakdown the biomass. Tuning of water chemistry

helps produce desired products

RCAT HTL uses water as green solvent


7

RCAT-HTL: Catalyst Development at RIL

NoCatalyst

1st Gen Catalyst

2nd Gen Catalyst

3rd Gen Catalyst

2012 2013 2014 2015

Bio oil yield

Bio oil yield

w/o Catalyst Heterogeneous Catalyst

X Low yield Increase in oil yieldX Low cat. RecoveryX Complex Reactor design

Homogeneous Catalyst

Catalyst recovery Higher stability Catalyst recyclablility

Homogeneous Catalyst

RCAT- HTL, spin-off technology from algal research. It provides sustainable solution

for wet waste valorization. Over 125+ Homo- & Heterogeneous catalysts evaluated

Current 3rd Gen Catalyst increased bio-oil yield by 20-25%


8

Feed

Tank

Process

water

Tank

Feed

conditioning

High

Pressure

pump

Multi-stage

Heaters

Final Heat

Ex.

Heating

Fluid

Catalytic

Reactors

Solid

filtration

Blow-down

pot

Pressure

LetdownAir

Cooler

Off-gas

Biocrude

TankFertilizer-rich

Water Tank

Bio-char

RCAT-HTL Plant at Gagva

Food

waste

ETP

Sludge

Agri

residue

Spent

WashCattle

Manure

Algae

Feeding Section Heating Section Reaction SectionFeedstock Product Separation Section

150 – 200 bar

250 0C – 350 0C


Largest pilot plant in the world

9

4ml

300 ml

2L

Cont. bench-scale

Pilot unit at

Gagva#

1 6 14 33 34Cumulative Patents

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

First expt.

at RIL1X

75X

500X

6500X

RIL’s Proprietary

catalyst

RIL’s

Upgradation

catalyst

Reaction

pathways

RCAT-HTL Development Journey at RIL

Knowledge Development Technology Development Business Development

TRL 1 TRL 2 TRL 3 TRL 4 TRL 5 TRL 6 TRL 7 TRL 8 TRL 9

RCAT-HTL offers sustainable solution for biomass to biofuel conversion

# NAABB Project (RIL – Genifuel- PNNL )


Semi-commercial plant for derisking

Cont. Operation

Bench Scale

RCAT-HTL

demo facility

Y

2018

Pilot (Y) Semi-commercial (200 Y)

Revenue

$5-6

Million a year

Kinetics &

Molecular Model

to predict yield

Integrated Pilot Plant

in Industrial Set-up

Algae & other Organic waste

200Y

10

Biomass to Energy- Technology comparison

Catalytic Pyrolysis

Fermentation Ethanol

Dry Biomass to Electricity1 KG = 1.7 kWh= 1465 KCALThermal eff = 27%

Dry Biomass to HC Fuel1 KG = 280 GRAM= 2960 KCALThermal eff = 56%

Dry Biomass to Ethanol1 KG = 252 GRAM= 1780 KCALThermal eff = 34%

Power Generation Power

*Wet Biomass to Biocrude 1 KG = 500 GRAM= 3475 KCAL

Thermal eff = 66%RCAT- HTL

Gasoline/Diesel/Kerosene

RCAT-HTL Biocrude*In case of wet feed (>80% water) except HTL and AD, all other processes become energy negative


Anaerobic Digestion

Biogas = 2890 KCAL , Overall Thermal eff = 48%

Biogas to Electricity = 1.25 kWhOverall Thermal eff = 18%Power

Biogas

Biogas

Any organic

waste

agri-residues,

bagasse, lignin, food,

dairy waste, etc.

ETP Sludge

Food Waste

Dairy waste

Agri residue

Converting biomass to energy-dense liquid hydrocarbons is more efficient

11

RCAT-HTL, lowest GHG Emissions

RCAT-HTL technology - Climate change friendly

Boundary Condition “WTW”

+26% (with Algae)

-34%(with Algae)

-86%(with Algae)

Industrial

Sludge

Food

Waste

-92%

-88%

GHG Emissions

Savings

Dry

Pa

thw

ay

Fo

ss

il F

ue

l

Hyd

rop

yro

lys

is

HT

L

HT

LH

TL


12

RCAT-HTL vs Competing technologies

RCAT-HTL : Techno-Socio-Economic Pathway for treating waste

Technology RCAT-HTLAD +

CompostingHydro Pyrolysis Incineration Fermentation

Waste feed 425 tpd @ 20% w/w biomass

Products

Crude biofuel 250 - 300 bpd - - - -

Diesel + Gasoline - - 250 - 300 bpd - -

Biogas - 56 tpd 7 tpd - 4 tpd

Ethanol - - - - 22.4 KL

Fertilizer 29 tpd 23 tpd 11 tpd - -

Off gas 13 tpd 47 tpd 10 tpd 140 tpd 10 tpd

Water recovered 658 m3 627 m3 305 m3 No recovery -

Power - - - 60-70 MWe 30- 34 MWe

Relative Economics (Capex/EBITDA)

X > X > 3X > 5X >2X

TechnicalEnvironmentally

sustainableOdor,

pathogensRequires drying

Pollutants,inefficient

Lignin disposal



Food waste treatment hierarchy

--United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the FAO

AD - Many projects fail due to a lackof understanding of the process.Incineration is suboptimal.Source:

RCAT-HTL overcomes limitations of

existing technologies

• Feed flexible and fast process

• Energy dense Liquid fuel as product

• Drop-in fuel, compatible with

petroleum crude and can be process

in existing refineries

• Recovers fertilizer-rich water

RCAT HTL, sustainable technology for food waste

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RCAT-HTL, ready for Commercialization


Recognized by many global institutes/companies

Successfully tested Algae, Food waste, ETP sludge. RCAT-HTL is more feed-flexible –

can handle both dry as well as wet waste by co-processing or independently

RC

AT-

HTL

30+ patents, concept to commissioning experience and scale-up expertise. End-to-end solution to entrepreneurs

AI-based kinetic models being developed in-house. Helps economic screening of business cases for different wastes

Variety of feeds being tested: Lignin residue, Industrial sludge, Distillery spent, ETP sludge, agro waste, Used Cooking Oil

Due diligence and Head-to-head assessment done with competing technologies

Drop-in green crude: Co-processing in existing refinery, avoids extra capex for refining, transport and distribution

Winner of prestigious Golden Peacock Award for Eco-Innovation 2018.

16

Sustainable Solution


Raw material

Flexibility

CAPEX

EfficiencyOPEX

Efficiency

Fossil Renewable

Labor

Talent

Indianization

Unique RIL Capital

Project Execution

Inclusive Innovations

to meet needs of Aspiring

Resource PoorCitizens

Collective Mandate:

Science for Solution,

Technology for Transformation, &

Innovation for Impact

I Would Prize Every Invention of Science Made for the Benefit of All – Mahatma Gandhi


Acknowledgment

Ajit Sapre

Algae to Oil (A2O)

Downstream, O&M,

CO2 Management

RCAT-HTL for Waste to Wealth

18

DISCLAIMER

Any statement, opinion, prediction, comment, or observation made in this

presentation/publication are those of the presenter/author only and in no condition

should be construed necessarily representing the policy and intent of Reliance

Industries Ltd. (RIL).

The information presented herein are of the presenter/author’s own and in no way

RIL attracts any liability for any inconsistency or irregularity in terms of the

accuracy completeness, veracity, or truth of the content of the

presentation/publication. In addition, RIL shall not be liable for any copyright

infringement and misrepresentation for the presented content as the content is

presumed in good faith to be a creation of presenter’s/author’s own mind.

The scope of this presentation/publication is strictly for knowledge sharing

purposes and not necessarily to provide any advice or recommendation to the

audience/readers. Any endorsement, recommendation, suggestion, or advice

made by the presenter/author shall be in his personal capacity and not in

professional capacity as an employee of RIL. Any person acting on such

endorsement, recommendation, suggestion, or advice will himself/herself be

responsible for any injury/damage.


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