tn no: n- 1692 - dtic · ] tn no:" n- 1692 [1 title: hangar destratification...

] TN NO:" N- 1692

[1 TITLE: HANGAR DESTRATIFICATION

Irini,11INVESTIGATION

1111,

~ AUTHOR: JAshley

"IDATE: April 1984

SPONSOR: Naval Material Command

PROGRAM NO: Z0829-01-111C

C ANAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

PORT HUENEME, CALIFORNIA 93043 D

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t REPORT NU.BFR 12 GOVT ACCESSION NO 3 RECIPIENT'S '-AL -E BE,

TN-1692 DN6870614 TITLE -. 1 Sbt,,E S TYPE OF REPORT & ROE C ,E'RE.C

HANGAR DESTRATIFICATION Not final; FY82 - FY83INVESTIGATION -E D,6,6.,-ZAD REORT ,.._

7 RuJT.OR 6 CONTRAC' OR GRA NUMBER-

J. Ashley

9 PERFORMiN OR.ANTZAT ,N NAME AND AD[ORFSE -0 PRCCO'LM EE.EN' PR0E2 e.'AS.K

NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY AE _K4..

Port Hueneme, CA 93043 Z0829-01-1 IIC

11 PS NO DPIFCE NAME AND ACORE, 1 E R A'S

Chief of Naval Material April 1984Washington, DC 20360 35

14 MON r'NO A3E- NAME & AZA FS 11-1 tr. ( ,,i Gl t 15 SFC P1, _ ASS E, 1s

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mrR .hON S" AE EN T '- N-1 s',A-' .y -etd , RT , .0 'I dt-'tA po- Report'

18 S, EP EM.ENTAPY NOTES

'9 KEoADRDS .,,o'ee,.,e,,.'p ,dfEE'tkPt,

HVAC, Energy conservation, Hangars, Stratification

20 ABSTRACT I-, t,,, .n ,ns..,,de If -e - . 1 nd ,deE v blo k -befl' )

Measurements made in military hangars indicated that stratification, the existence ofa layer of hot air in a structure's overhead, is a typical phenomenon. Five destratificationconcepts (three commercial and two Navy-developed) were evaluated to determine theeffectiveness and the adaptability of each concept for hangar applications. Only the Navy-developed concepts were found practical for hangar applications. Destratifier design andapplication guidelines were developed and are presented in the report.

DD 1 1473 bO.ON OF I NOV s5 Is OBSOLETE Unclassified

SECURITY CLASSIFECATION OF TEiS PAGE 1ien 11410 F,-,,dl

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UnclassifiedSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(Who, Dae Ente.,d)

Library Card

Naval Civil Engineering LaboratoryHANGAR DESTRATIFICATION INVESTIGATION, by J. AshleyTN-1692 35 pp illus April 1984 Unclassified

1. Energy conservation 2. Stratification 1. Z0829-O1 -111 C

Measurements made in military hangars indicated that stratification, the existence of alayer of hot air in a structur's overhead, is a typical phenomenon. Five destratification concepts(three commercial and two Navy-developed) were evaluated to determine the effectiveness and

the adaptability of each concept for hangar applications. Only the Navy-developed conceptswere found practical for hangar applications. Destratifier design and application guidelineswere developed and are presented in the report.

Unclassified

SECURIITY CLAssiricATION OF THIS PAGEr14hen Date F-eled)

I I IIIII

CONTVENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I

DESTRATIFICATION CONCEPTS ....................

EVALUATION...............................3

Preliminary Evaluation of Commercial Destratifiers .. . . 3Installation and Evaluation for Chosen Systems .. ......... 9

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOIMMENDATIONS...................19

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NCEL COLD AIR JET DESTRATIFIER ........... 19

REFERENCES..............................30

Accession For

NTIS GIRA&IDTIC TABUnannounced 0Justificatic

By__________Distribution/ _

Availability Codes

Avail and/or

Dist Special

v.

INTRODUCTION

Measurements made in five hangars (two U.S. Air Force and threeU.S. Navy) indicated that stratification, the existence of a layer ofhot air in the structure's overhead, is a typical phenomenon in heatedhangars (Ref 1). This phenomenon results in increases in energy con-sumption because of the following:

" the increased temperature difference across the roof and upperwall surfaces increases the amount of heat transferred from in-side a structure to the outside

" chimney effect increases the structure's air infiltration rate

" unused heat is wasted heat

Five destratification concepts (three commercial, one developed byNCEL and one suggested by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command At-lantic Division*) were evaluated to determine the effectiveness andadaptability of each concept for hangar applications. This report pre-sents the design criteria for the NCEL destratification concept and theresults of the evaluations of all the concepts.

DESTRATIFICATION CONCEPTS

The five destratification concepts evaluated are as follows:

e Destratification tube - commercial (Figure 1): The unit consistsof a small blower mounted on top of a tube or duct which trans-verses from floor to ceiling. The fan blows hot ceiling levelair down through the duct to the floor level where the hot airmixes with the cooler floor level air.

* Ceiling fan - commercial (Figure 2): A fan, mounted at theceiling level, blows hot air down toward the floor where it ismixed with the cooler floor level air.

9 Floor blower - commercial (Figure 3): A blower placed at thefloor level blows cool floor level air upward toward the ceilingwhere it mixes with the hot ceiling level air.

*LANTDIV.

IF

Figure 1.~srti ia a tubc

X.

Figure 2. Ceiling tan.

" Cold air jet - NCEL (Figure 4): A blower sucks cool floor levelair through a duct and injects this air as a high velocity airjet near the ceiling where it mixes with the hot ceiling levelair. The design criteria for the NCEL cold air jet destratifierare presented in the Appendix.

" Heating system modification - LANTDIV (Figure 5): Hot ceilinglevel air is used as the intake air for the heating system'sheating coils. The intake air can be routed to the heating sys-tem via a duct, or the heating coil's air intake can be locatedwithin the hot ceiling level air.

EVALUATION

Preliminary Evaluation of Commercial Destratifiers

The three commercial destratification units were evaluated at NCELto determine their adaptability for use in hangars. All three were in-stalled in a shop building at the laboratory and their effectivenessmeasured. The results of the evaluation are provided in Tables 1, 2,and 3 for the destratification tube, ceiling fan, and cold air blower,respectively. Figure 6 shows where the data were taken and the locationof the destratifier within the building. As can be readily noted fromthe tables, while neither the ceiling fan nor the destratification tubeproduced any significant changes in the building's stratification charac-teristics, the cold air blower rapidly destratified the building.

3

Figure 3. Floor blower.

/4

FIR

(a) LDuct near floor level.

(b) Duct joint and blower.

Figure 4. Cold air jet.

(cOvera I I coilf iguriit ion.

air intake

supports

roof duct

steam pipe

supports 2

steampipe condensate retun condensate return

codnaereturn hot air exhaust

(b) Modification.

heating coil & blower

hot air exhaust

(a) Existing.

Figure 5. LANTDIV heating system modification.

Table 1. Destratification Tube Evaluation, Building 564

Temperature ('F) at

Time Data Point following Test Numbers Avg

1 _ 2 1 3 _4

Ambient temperature 60'F; weather, cloudy;destratification tube placed in operation

at 0917; floor/ceiling temperature differ-ence, 260F.

0830 Floor 68 69 68 68 68. Loft 73 74 72 74 73

Ceiling 95 94 89 92 93

Ambient temperature, 62*F; weather, cloudy; data

not taken at 10-ft level; floor/ceiling tempera-ture difference, 26*F.

1240 Floor 67 68 t 69 68 68Loft .. .__ .__..Ceiling 95 94 93 94 94

7

Table 2. Ceiling Fan Evaluation, Building 564

Temperature (OF) at

Time Data Point following Test Numbers Avg

1 2 3 4

Destratification tube secured; ceiling fanplaced in operation; floor/ceiling tempera-

ture difference, 25°F.

1240 Floor 67 68 69 68 68Loft ..........

Ceiling 95 94 93 94 94

Ambient temperature, 63'F; weather cloudy;

floor/ceiling temperature difference, 21'F.

1330 Floor 73 72 74 73 73Loft 77 77 76 76 77Ceiling 97 95 93 89 94

Table 3. Floor Air Blower Test Results, Building 564

Temperatures (OF) atTime Data Point Following Test Numbers Avg

1 2 3 4 5

Ambient temperature 53°F; weather, rain. Destratifiernot in operation; floor/ceiling temperature difference,120F.

1000 Floor 76 76 76 75 74 7510-ft high 77 81 78 77 74 77Ceiling 88 94 94 84 74 87

Ambient temperature, 53*F; weather, rain. Destratifier inoperation at 1015; electric power consumption, 850 watts;floor/ceiling temperature difference, 1*F.

1025 Floor 77 77 79 76 77 77

10-ft high 75 76 80 75 77 77Ceiling 76 76 84 75 80 78

8

10i Kt 20 ft 2o ft 20 ft 20 ft 10 ft

-i i i i-1 21 4 20 ftdcstratificr

100 ft

Figure 6. Location of data points and destratifier in test hangar.

The destratification tube and ceiling fan were then installed in atest chamber in order to determine if their effectiveness and installa-tion criteria could be established. Tables 4 and 5 and Figures 7 and 8provide the results of the chamber evaluation for the destratificationtube and the ceiling fan, respectively. One installation parameter notmeasured at the evaluations conducted at NCEL was a maximum ceilingheight. Although all three commercial concepts can destratify a struc-ture, to varying degrees, and can save energy if properly installed,only the cold air blower indicated that it might be practically used todestratify a hangar. The number of units, height, and destratificationeffectiveness would have to be determined.

Installation and Evaluation for Chosen Systems

Destratifiers based upon the NCEL, LANTDIV, and cold air blower

concepts were installed in Navy hangars and evaluated.

NCEL. The NCEL-designed destratifier, the cold air jet, was in-stalled at the Navy Air Rework Facility, Norfolk, Va., in one of twobays in hangar V-147. Steam consumption was measured for both bays.Thermostat settings for both bays were kept at 55°F. Table 6 presentsthe reduction in steam consumption for the destratified bay versus thestratified bay. Based upon measurements made during parts of two heatingseasons, the destratified bay consumed 29% less heating-related energy.

9

Table 4. NCEL Test Chamber Results, Destratification Tube

ltem Measurement

AT (floor/ceiling temperaturedifference, stratified) 380 F

AT (floor/ceiling temperaturedilference, destratified) 31°F

Destratification efficiency, 18.5%(AT - AT d ) x 100

AT

Test chamber volume, V 2,500 ft3

Destratifier fan air movement, Q 6,300 ft3/hr

Destratifier flow to volumeratio, Q/V 2.5

Destratifier electric powerconsumption, p 100 watts

Number of destratifier units Volume of building (room)required for installation in 2.5 x Qa building

Table 5. NCEL Test Results, Ceiling Fan

Test NumberCharacteristic

2 3 4 5

Fan speed, rpm 240 160 120 90 60

Fan flow, ft3 /min, q 1,990 1,328 996 747 498

Fan flow, ft3/hr, Q 119,000 79,680 59,760 44,820 29,880

ATs, OF 32 29 29 29 32

ATd, 0F 6 10 17 27 32

Destratification efficiency, % 81 66 41 1 0

Test chamber volume, V 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500

Q/V 47.5 32 24 18 12

Power, watts 173 150 138 127 115

10

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35

destrat offheat off

30destrat offheat on

20

1 5

6..

4.5 destrat of

13.

12.

1.5O5

os1300 1400 1300

Time

Figure 7. Destratification tube test chamber results.

12

41) fan onspeed 4 fan on

fan ospeed5 fan off

speed I fan an

speed 2

27 5

fan offn

25

20

off

10 ~Fan Air Vtlociry Readings

fan off Speed FPM

I 240D2 160

3 320

4 90

fan off 5 60

1)00 12UU 1300 1400

Time

Figure 8. Ceiling fan test chamber results.

LANTDIV. The LANTDIV heating system modification was installed inthe center section of a hangar located at the Naval Air Development

Center (NADC), Warminster, Pa. (Figure 9, 10, and 11). Draft curtainsacross the hangar divided the overhead area into three sections of equalvolumes. The draft curtains provided a solid barrier 15 feet deep fromthe roof down toward the floor. Thermocouple arrays were placed in twoof the three sections (one with the LANTDIV destratifier modification

and one without). Thermocouples for each section were placedat: (1) ceiling level directly above the hot air blower; (2) hangarcenterline at ceiling level - 20 feet away from the hot air blower;(3) hangar centerline - 2, 4, 8, and 12 feet below the ceiling; and(4) center wall - I and 10 feet above the floor.

Hourly data were obtained for 3 months and recorded on a data logger.None of the thermocouples were calibrated to each other; thus only rela-tive temperature differences were measured. Table 7 presents a synopsisof the data. The LANTDIV heating modification resulted in an averagedecrease of 2*F in the destratified section.

Cold-Air Blower. Three cold air blowers were installed, accordingto the manufacturer's recommendations in a hangar, also located at NADCWarminster (Figure 12). A thermocouple array was installed at the fol-lowing locations: (1) on the hangar centerline - at the ceiling leveland 2, 4, 8, and 12 feet below the ceiling; (2) 1 and 10 feet above thefloor; and (3) outside.

13

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C146

Figure 11. LANTDIV modificationl installed at NADC Warminster.

17

mo

L .4

Figure 12. Cold air blower.

18

Hourly temperature measarements were made and recorded on a datalogger during the 1982/83 winter. Data were obtained with and withoutthe cold air blower in operation. A synopsis of the data is presentedin Table 8 and Figure 13. As can be readily observed, the data are in-conclusive with no definite indication of destratifier effectiveness.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Of the five destratification concepts evaluated, only the NCEL coldjet destratifier and the LANTDIV modification produced meaningful resultsand are recommended for new and existing hangars. The cold air blower,the only commercial concept actually evaluated in a hangar, performedvery well in a 25-foot-high building with the unit placed in the build-

ing's center. The hangar installation required that the units be placedalong the structure's wall. Because of hangar width, height, and volumecharacteristics, either the cold air blower is not adaptable to hangarapplications or additional units are required. Further tests are recom-mended to determine adaptability.

The LANTDIV heating system modification had a destratificationefficiency of 11% and did save energy, its cost ($3,500/heater) is notmuch less than the more efficient NCEL unit ($8,000/unit), therefore itis not recommended for retrofit. However, if the heating unit werelocated within I foot of the ceiling during installation of an originalheating system, the additional cost required for the LANTDIV destratifi-cation would be negligible and the concept would prove most valuableduring the life of the hangar. The LANTDIV concept is recommended fornew hangars and for heating system replacements.

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NCEL COLD AIR JET DESTRATIFIER

NCEL designed a cold air jet destratifier whose basis is the abilityof an air jet to entrain surrounding air and to throw it across largedistances. These principles are well-known and are documented in Refer-

ences 2 and 3. Figure 14 is a drawing of the destratifier. Design param-eters are presented in Table 9 and can be used to design a destratifier

for any hangar. The equations used for the destratifier system designare based upon principles stated in References 2 and 3 and are as follows:

Q = 0.00278 V/N (1)

where: Q = destratifier flow, ft3 /min

V = hangar volume, ft3

N = number of destratifiers to be installed

19

Table 8. Temperatures Taken With Cold Air Blower, NADC Warminster

Temperature (0F) Floor/CeilingTemperature

Ceiling Floor Outside Floor/Outside DifferenceI I (OF)

Destratifier Off

76 61 34 27 1576 61 34 27 1576 61 34 27 1576 61 34 27 1576 61 33 28 1578 68 35 33 1079 66 27 39 1382 75 29 46 784 73 33 40 1181 71 29 42 1081 73 27 46 876 67 20 47 973 62 18 44 1183 74 26 48 989 79 33 46 1083 75 33 42 883 72 44 28 1182 72 41 31 1077 69 45 24 871 62 48 14 973 64 44 20 974 68 43 25 675 68 43 25 774 67 50 17 773 66 57 9 771 63 46 17 8

Destratifier On

75 69 52 17 676 64 44 20 1279 66 38 28 1372 68 51 17 474 66 43 23 873 62 44 18 975 64 44 20 1176 64 44 20 1277 65 43 22 1277 65 34 31 1278 65 36 29 1379 65 36 29 1380 68 43 25 1281 69 43 26 1276 64 43 24 1271 67 48 19 474 69 50 19 5

20

25

0 Destratifier Off

/ Destratifier On20

00

0

iz10 00

0 000 @ 00

Fi 13 C a

010 20 30 40 50

Inside (Floor Lcvel)/Ourside Temperature Difference "F

Figure 13. Cold air blower performance at NADC Warminster.

21

roof

2 ft 0 in.

cold airjet discharge

vane axial fan

Note: Round ducts can alsobe used.

cold airintake

floor 2 ft 0 in.

Figure 14. Cold floor air jet injection destratifier.

i -:, 22.

Table 9. Cold Air Jet Design Parameters

----------------------------------------------DESTRATIF!ER PARAMETERS

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~ANGAR VOLUME: 2000000 CUBIC FEET ----------------------------------------------

DESTRATIFIER PARAMETERS ------------------------------------

HANGP,f;: D I SCHPtF~GE 1\JOZ ZLE. ~,JI DTH ~JUI'1DER FLmJ \'ELOCITY DI AMETEF: r::c::::::T ur.J I ·rs CFM FPI'1 INCHES

:L i~. ~~' ;_ 55QjQ~ :~:-2Elt2~ 21 !21:':: CJ . 1 ~:: Q~ ,_

55~H2j 2620 17. 1 .. r~ CJ I...J..:...

1 {~) ~~j t) 5500 2~?8Qj 1:3 • . qo 1 -7~!.J ! S~j(iQ) ~.:;; :~:~,QJ ., "7 "::·-,. 0 • L ; . ._: .. _: . l O!J b 55!Z)!~1 ::7-l~2j 16. 36 t \.f~~' tJ 55~Zi!21 420~(1 15. 50 :200 6 55121121 466!!.1 1 •l. 7 1 '""' ' !Zl I 55!21[, 513!2! 1 4 (~2 ..... .l C) . 220 6 55QlQ~ 5640 :t ' -:o·-1 ·-·. . ..;. /

230 6 55!210 61 (~1!21 1 . .., um ..::. .

HANGAR VOLUME: 2250000 CUBIC FEET ----·--·-·---------·--------------------------------------

DESTRATIFIER PARAMETERS ------------------------------------

HANGAF~ 0 I SCHARC:)E NOZZLE l>JIDTH NUMBEF: FLOL>J VELOCITY D I Pd"IETEF: FEET UNITS CFM FPM INCHES .

14111 6 65!11!21 1 9::0!21 24. D~5 1 ~".i!21 6 650!21 221!2! ,..,'":"" ,..,, .. ~ .. ~ .. ..::....::. 16!21 6 65!21!!1 252QJ 21 ... ,!:'::" . /...J

170 6 65!1!!21 2B4Q1 2!21. 4·9 18!21 6 65!21!2! ::::.1 S>!ZI 1 9. ~~::3 19!21 6 65g,l!2! 356!25 18. ~.::;Qj 2!2!!21 cS 65!21!21 :::::9·1-Ql 17.39 2:tQJ 6 6512!!21 4::Am 16.57 22!21 6 6512'!21 47"7!11 15.!:!1 23QJ 6 6~3!21!?.1 521!11 15. 13 24!21 6 65!Zl!Zl 56E3!21 14.49 25Q1 6 65QIQ1 616!21 1:::::. 91

25

- .... - ··- ..• ··-· ··-· ---· ....... -· ---- --· ··-· --· -·-- -·- -·- -- -· ··-· ·- -··-- -- ··-· -· --· -··· ·- --- ··- ..... - -· --· ·- -- ..... --.

DCSTRATIFIER PARAMETCRS ------------------------------------

I ,,::;r.Jc~::;: D I ~3CH?'tRCE: NOZZLE: '·' T L~T~·-! :\JUI'·IBEi~ r=LCJt!J 'v'El...CJC I TY D I (-!i•IETER ... .L

··-~ c c.- ..... I l-L- I UNITS CFI'1 FP!•i II\!CHES

I 5r.2) 6 7t.~fr2f0 2C)t,Q} 2 .. 1 96 .l . 1 0U 6 7t2f!(f!(f 2::..t.J.!(f •'',\-:'!" ..:; ... _ .. 4'",1

'-1 ~?!) 6 70!210'- 264!21 •. "'1,.-.

..:.:...;;.. Q5::i-• 80 6 7 !210!21 296!!! 2Q~. B2 .L

1 <.:l(;j 6 7!2!(,2)!2) :::;::.!210 19. l2 ·:uu I

7!2l!~fl15 :366!21 18. /"3 0

·-:> . ~-: .. ~-"'Q}Q~(j fl~n~.:::r::; 17 ML-:" .. (.J . C},.J

•""\•-,,;i {') 7 !21!21!1! '+'l·:~:;u 17. W2 - ._- -~----- . ·~

.._ ___ ,

2:::::; 6 '7!)~)Qj lJ. 811- ~?~ 16. 29 ~>"+!~! 0 7;JGQ! 5:·~-7QJ 1 ·=-.• ...J. 61 :: ~s ~~' 6 7U;;J~! 57~.20 14. 9~3 '2dQ~ 6 7!1l!Z!Q! 619!!1 14 . I.I.Q!

---------------------------------------------· DESTRATIFIER PARAMETERS

------------------------------------Ht~NGAf~ D I SCHAr~:GE N!JZZLE L~ I DTH ~·JUMBEF: FLOVJ \IELtJCITY D I AI'1ETE::F: FEET UN I T~:J CFM FP~1 INCHES

1.SU 6 Elt2ll2lt1! 2!2l5f1! 26. /'5 17!2! 6 8!2l0!Zf 2:::.10 25. 2!2! 180 6 8!2l0l?.f 25CJ!2l :z~:. sQs 19!21 6 8!21!2!0 2L=l<?!Zl 2~2. ~53 2!~:)~2i 6 8!2!!2!!2! :::;;;~(jl(j 21.41 210 6 8!1!0!2! 35312! 2!Zl. ::::9 22QJ 6 8!Zl!2!!Z! 3B7!2l 19.'1·7 230 6 8!2!!2!!2! 42:::::!2! 18.62 24!2! 6 8!!l!Zl!2! 461!2! 17.84 25Qf 6 8!1!!11!2! 5!1!!1!!1! 17. 13 26!2! 6 8!2!!2lQ! 541!2! 16.47 270 6 8Q!Q!Qj ~3!3.1.1·!2! 15.05 28!2! 6 8!2lt2!Qj 62Bl1! 15.28

26

.. f;.

'' ""'¥-··¥·~---- ..... _:___._~-' ---~--· .. ·-~---·~··"'· ·--·~·-·· .. --·-"·--- ..... ~-- ... ·-~~-'._.~_ ... ~ ... -~~

•ko --· ~·- 0< "• - ---- •-• -- --· -· -- -- _, --· M- -- -- --· --- -··-Mo-.. -·--· MNo o- ,._, -· M .. ---- ·-· .... , "'" "'MO MHO·-·------·

l·~Pti'.J(;;p,l::;:

l•JIDTH :=~EET

17(J 18!2' 190 :::no ~.l!:;j

2:-:::;J

.:.:70 ·::m1

DESTRA.fiFIER PARAMETERS -----------------------------------

I lt-.IT "1-C Ui"-i.L ),_,1

6 6 L CJ

6

6 1,_ '--' I

0

r··r.:-M L..i II

\~l!!j!)~?.;

9!2l!!li2l

9!2i!2!!2! C"J'QjQjQj

C)(~' !:Zj Qj

9!21!21Qf 9(.JQ!!!.l

1/t:::UJCITY

23!2l!2l 257'!21 284!~1

-:o·-"'t! .··< .._:, / (J ~;',}

't8Hl 519!?.1 55l3l21

NClZZLE D I (.)f'IETl:F~

,,.. -:t'-.,. .. :.:.o • ._:, /

~6.79

2~5. 34 24. l1

17. a::. 17. 2!11 :lb.6l

----------.-· .. -----~-----------·----·---·---·-·-·------ .. -·--··--- .. --·-·

DESTRATIFIER PARAMETERS ------·--·------------------·---·----·-----------

HM,IE1Ar:: D I SCHf."1F::G~ NClZZLE !;JIDTH ~JUMBEF< FLOVJ VELOCITY DIPtt1ETER FEET UNITS CFM FPI'1 INCHES

1 :'Ql ' C}Q'!~~!f.j 2!2~~5!?.1 28. ~·-, a ·-' ~ 1 FlQl 6 9!2lt2!Ql 2:)!1!0 26. '79 19!~! 6 9!21!2!!!.1 ,._._,1:::'7ti1

~...J, ,,.. 1""\r.::" .::....J. :.:;;LJ.

2!2!0 6 9!210!21 28 41-QJ 24. l 1 2:1. !/.! I 9!21!2!0 ::::;140 ......... '"\ 93 Cl .. :.:...:.:. .. 2:"2Qj 6 'Y!!1!21!21 344!1) 21 .9!1! 2:.:-o 6 90!2!!2! ::::;·7\~:;!Zj ~2!?1. 9~5 24!2! 6 '-rt2l!2l!Zl 41!21!11 ::'~!ZJ • t;:l6 2~)!21 6 9!21!2!!2! 44~)!21 19. :"'2{, 26!2! 6 'Y!2!!2!Ql 4!:11 !21 l.B. ~::)2 2:'!?.$ 6 9!!!:11!2! 5 :L 9!11 1 "7 ' . 83 2t.1!2l 6 9!1!Q!Q! ~;)~)Dt1! l7. 2Q! 29m t:) fjl !2! !11!2! 5'?8!11 :L 6. 61 :~:ri.!Q! 6 9!21t1!!Z! 641Q! :u,. !1!5

27

.... '

! , r

..,..-·

OOo 0 MO RUO 0 0 ·- '000 ,, •0 00•0 oooO OOO .. OOOOO ~ ... -· ···- MMO ..... MOO MMO .......... -- .. ~. -~· M•OO OOoOO OOOM-- MOM Moo0 MHO ..... MMO .......... "' O ....... _ ..... 'OMO OooO "''' oOOOO ··~·MO-O

' I

~ V't!\ll:l r:·, r~: DI ~3CI·!t,n(3E: NClZ 7' ·-__ ._c:. '·i I .,.. , -r· r • .1 I'" 11·,-opr:-r·· !";'I ,-,1.1 ' .. ) r.:: t_ CJ c: .,. , .. ,,

D I p,tv!ETE~::: " .. .1 I. I '·1\.J I I_. .. :.._ o \ ' ;_\.,,.l,r,J ~ I ;

r~[l:::T UI'J I "r'l'"' cr::-:'·1 r:PI'-1 I N c: ! .. ! r:: ~:; I :.,:j

l ~3!) 6 1 OU!~l~:l 2QJ7!Z5 ::·~ .:;l . '!h 1 C)O () l O!~l!2l!~l ···;-..-:~ .. :...--· ll'i :~~tJ . l::l . -. .. ·;i,·;, L l e!Ut.!lU 2560 "' '/6 c~ .. :.:.c> • ''"":'• 1 0 6 • OOQlO :28~2!!) .. -u::·

~30 ·"- J. .. ~ ,.J . ~2~!!} !_, 1 OQi!~)Ql ::::.1 QjQj :z.f.l. ~''"":! . ·-·~ :~::~!21 6 1 QlQl!Z)Ql .:::.3c1m ,..,-::-.,:_._, . 26 : (~ ~2~ 6 1.!2l0!2l0 ::::.b'?!l.l :22 . ::~·:-r :~::S~J (.:, 1 !2i0!2l!2l 4C!i2l0 '.? 1 . ::~ t 2\:)!J tl 1 OUQ!Ql 4;~:;::o :~r:~;. 5U ~]~j tJ 1 Q}{~IQ~Q! 467!2! 1';:· •

.... ,,., '::J..::.

'·.-. t.:) r~{ u 1 eiQ'~~if.~) 5 !:~1 :·:~ ~2) . <::? 1 ., ...... :..Ji-·' J. .1. . '· :2'?;2~ I • 0!2l:ZSO s:::~~,Q~ l

,., 4 r.:-c~ .!. c::o . •• J

~n!~! 6 ., 00i2i(!l ~J~1 (:,f.?' l "7 Dl~ J. I . 1 0 6 1 OO!:l!~l ' l (:,Q; 1 -, 0''\l'::"

··-· .L C) .L i . .• :~,.J



HA~JGI~f;: DISCI-lARGE NOZZLE WIDTI·l Nlll1BEF{ FLOVJ ~)EL.OCI TV DIP,!"IETER FEET UNITS CFM FF'l'1 INCHES

19!2! ' 1 !2!5QH:! 220Ql 29.58 0

2!(.lt2! 6 1!215!21!21 21.J.LJ.!i.l 28. !!l9 2l!Z, 6 1!2l5!2l!2! 2t:>~?Qj 26. '75 220 6 1 05!2lQi 2CJ~:i!il .-,~::· r.:·c·

.. ::. ...J • ...J .... J

2311! 6 l!Zl5!Ml 3:~~2{~, 24. 1.~5 2'1·0 6 1!215!21!!.! ~~:~:j 1 0 :2 ~~;: • .l(. 2 25Q1 6 1!2!5!2!!2! 3!:31!Zl 22.48 26Q! 6 1!1.!~'%:1r.l 41211.! ~' 1 • t)~~ 27!2' b 1!115!21!1! 44~5!21 2!11.B!1l 28!21 6 1!?.l5!2lQl lj.7f.3!!l 2!21. !!!7 2(i!1! 6 1 !1!~5!11!21 :-; 1 ~~!21 19. ~57 3!21!1.1 6 1 !2!5!11!?.1 51.1·9!11 10.73 310 6 1 Ql5!21!11 ~)86!1! 1 !3. :1.3 ::::~Qj 6 l. !Zl~'5QI!!i 625!Zl 17. 5~5

28

l··!Ptl"·-!GP,I-~:

t.JI DTH FEET

1 (~,j Q~ 2~~'!2J

'21 Qj .-,.~., .-·:t . .:.... ..._:... ~;:.·

·:~ :::. ~2! ·::~ •! (:1

::;(1)!~1

::-1!2!

..... , , ... ,.,._, ·-···· ·- ·-······-------····----. ., ...... -~ ••'>'···-·-·-~~ -·- -~---·- ·- ---~---i-. .-:...::~ ___ .,..,_..,..... ';


~·llJl"IBEF:

u: .. ll TS L u

6 6 i\.1

~~ I (J

6 6 6

FLO\.ll cr=-M

11 00!21 :t 1 !?.! !?.1!2! 1 1!1)!2!!21 11000 1 1 ~2iQ!Ql

11 Ql!:l!2! i 1 :2! !!! :~! 11 O~!U l 1 !2!!!1!2! 1100!/.) 11 !2!!2!0 11.!?.!!Z:Q! 11 QIQll!j

11QlGQ! 11!11:::1!2!

29

D I ~:;f:HPit;:GE VEL!JC: [ T':'

1=·r=·1'1 :21!2!'21

--:~· ~:~· r:::: (,\ ··~·--• .... J.-: . .t

4::~<l!i.i

4~:ibU

-'1- ~~-) Q~ !~5

t!DZZLE D I PdviETEf~:

INCHE:3

29. Ll<2

o''"\·-'"1 .'I ... w.-.oo oa

21 • :J 1 ~21.u::: l'·;a,·;~ '')0 .. ;...;:.: ... .: .. ;

:1. ·:;. 62 1l3. 98 :t ~3. f.!. !?.1 ; l. U./1.

U = 0.022UT 2W2 /Q (2)

where: U = air exit velocity at destratifier nozzle, ft/min

UT = residual air velocity at distance W, ft/min

W = throw distance, ft

D = 24 (Q/7U)1 /2 (3)

where D is the nozzle diameter, in.

For the design parameters presented in Table 9, a residual air ve-locity of 170 ft/min was assumed, and the hangar's width was used as thethrow distance. The design data for nozzle diameter (Table 9), shouldbe rounded to the nearest 1/4 inch. The recommended number of units isbased upon moving a volume of air each hour equal to the interior volumeof a hangar. Hangars, however, have their overhead areas sectionalizedby draft curtains to curtail the spread of smoke and flame in case offire. In some instances, the number of overhead sections will exceedthe number of destratifier units recommended. In such circumstances,additional destratifiers are required so that at least one destratifierwill be located within each section. Some older hangars have draft cur-tain designs which sectionalize the overhead in a shape similar to thatof an egg crate. This will prevent the cold air jet destratifier frombeing effective. The LANTDIV heating system modification is the onlyconcept evaluated which may be effective for an egg crate-sectionalizedoverhead.

REFERENCES

1. J.L. Ashley. Air infiltration and stratification investigation ofAir Force and Navy aircraft hangars, Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory,Technical Report R-894. Port Hueneme, Calif., Jun 1982.

2. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, Ventilation and Air Con-ditioning Engineers. ASHRAE guide and data book, fundamentals and equip-ment. New York, N.Y., ASHRAE 1963.

3. G.E. Wallin. "Reduce energy cost by utilizing ceiling heat," PlantEngineering, 20 Mar 1982, pp 86-87.

30

Lai ll

DISTRIBUTION LIST

ARMY Fat Frner. I .ettrketnns Army. Depoit. ('hambcrsburg, PAAF-B 4 AlI I LI))%%Wright Pattcrson OWl S2AB6i DEMCl. W illi AZ:; AI(, D)E.1 IF. Ncthicr'). (ioodlelo%

A\IB IV. AF lech ( )thcc (Mgt & ()ps). lindall. FL. CI (11. \k right -I'mtc rso: 110 MACD1)1171 Scott.

II:' SAMS() MNNI). Norton AVB C'A: Saniso IDcc )Sauer? Vandenhurg. ( A; Stmnloi Ltbrar,\ Otfutt NE,.\FESC DU17B, 1\ ndall. ITARMY ARRAI)COM. I)vr. NJ: BMIISC-RIS (11 Nlc(ivillni 11un,ttsllc AL. Co~ntracts - Facs Engr

lDjrcctcir,t'. F(Pon Ord. (A. l)AYN-(VE-N.\ Washingon DC:; I)AN-MI-1) \%ashingto)n D)C:

I)AFN-MP1I Washingtoin DC),(: RAI)C(% ) Icl Stipp Di)r. I)! 151-)- Ft Mol~nmouth. N.; Natick R&D)('ommnand (K\ssh Ifui) Natick MA... tech, Re) IDit Foirt fluachuc;,. AZ

A\RMY - (17RI lIllmrar\. Champaign IIARMY CORP'S OF FNGINEERS \IRI)-IEng, i .~m Onai NI.. Seattle lDist I ibrar). Seattle ".AARMY (RRIE G. Phetteplace Ilanoscr, N'ItARMY ENGR 1)ISI'. Librar%. Portland ORARMY ENVIRON. IIYG;IENF AGCY IISE-t_% Nkatcr Oual Frig Di% Aberdeen P'ros Grnd MDlA RM Y MAT'ERIAL.S & NIECIIANIO'S RFSFAR( If (EN [ER IDr Icnoc. Wkatcrtomn MlAARMY MISSILE R&D) CMI) SCl Info, Cen (DO)0( RedsTnc .Arscnal. AL.ARMY NITIC trans' Engr -\Lenc% M~i-('. Ncssport Nciss. VAADMINStU. PWO. BAIIRIANAS(O PWI) lFNS \I \V Dass. I'hildadelphia. PABUREAUi OF RE('1.A\IAI'ION (ode 1512 (C. Selandcrt IDcnscr (0CINCLANI CIV ENGR SUP? PL ANS OFER NORFOLK. V.A(NAVRES Code 13 (Dir. Facilities) Neus Orleans. IA(NM Coide MAF-l)4. Washington. DC ' Coide %.AT-OKE. Washington. D)C: NNIAI - 44, Washitieton DC(NO ) Cde NOP-964. Washington DC: (oide OP1' Washingtoti DC: ('ode 0P-413 WVash. D(': Code OPNAV

09132'4 (1l); OP9S7J. Wsashington. DC(OMEFLEACT. OKINAWA PWDI -Engr Div. Saseblo. Japan: PWVO. Kaderta. Okinaiwa: PW\O. Sasebo. Japan(OMNAVM.ARIANAS Co~de N4. GutamCOMOCEANSYSLANI' PW.-FAC MOiNT Off Noirfoilk. VACOMOCEANSYSPAC SCE. Pearl Harbor fiICONISUBDEVGRU()NE Operations Offr. San Diegol. CADEFFULSUPPCEN I)FSC-OWE (trerm Engrng) Alexandria. VA: DFSC'-OWE'a'. Alexandrta \ ADOE Di\ Ocean Energy S%.s Cons Solar Energy Wash DC: INFI. Tech. Lb. (Repolrts Sectioin). Idaho Falls. II)D1'IC Defense T'echnical Info Ctr Alexandria. VADTNSRDC Code 4111 IR. Gicrich). Bethesda MDDTNSRDC Coide 522 (Library). Annapois MDENVIRONMENTAL PROTCTION AGENCY Reg. Ill Library. Philadelphia PA; Reg. VIlI. MM-ASI..

D)enver COFLICOMBA ITRACENLANT PWO. Virginia Bch VAGIDEP OIC. Coirona. CAGSA Assist Coimm Des & Cnist IFAIA) D R Dihner Washington. D)C : Off of Des & Const-PCI)P (D Eakiti)

Washingtoin. DCfiC & RS Tech Pres. Service. Nfeden. Washington. DCLIBRARY OF CONGiRESS Washingtoin. DC (Sciences & Tech Di\)MIARINE CORPS BASE Code 40)6. Camp L-cjeune. NC': Maint Off Camp Pendleton. CA: PWVD -Maint.

Control Div. C'amp Butler. Kawsasaki. Japan: PWO Camp Lejeunec NCL: PWO. (Camp Pcndleton CA: PWO.(Camp S. D. Butler. Kawasaki Japan

MARINE CORPS H-QS Co~de LFF-2. Washington DCMCAS Facil. Engr. Div. Cherry Point NC: CO. Kaneohei Bay I: ('ode S4. Quanticoi VA: Facs Maint D~ept-

Operations Div, Cherry Poiint: PWD - Utilities Div. lwakuni. Japan: PWO. Issakouni. Japan: PWO. Yuma

AZMCDEC NSA? REP, Quanticoi VAH M('IB B520). Barsto~w (CA: Maintenance Officer. Barstow. ('A: PWO. Barsto% ('A

F MCRD SCE. San Diegoi CANAF PWD -Engr Div. Atsugi. Japan: PWO. Atsugi JapanNAI.F OIN('. San Diego. CANARF ('odle l(K). Cherrv Point. NC: ('ode 612. lax. Ft.: ('ode 044), Pensacola FL.: SC'E Noirfoilk. VANAS C'O. Guantanamoi Bav C'uba: ('ode 114. Alameda CA: ('ode 183 (Fac. Plan BR MGRI: C'ode 1870K).

Brunswick ME: C'ode 191J (ENS P.J. Hiicke.,). C'orpus C'hritiI'X ('ode StE. Patuxent Ri\.. MD: Dir ofEngrng. I'WD. C'orpus C'hristi, TV: Criosr.'PWI). Patuxent River. MI): LakehurstI. NJ: L~ead, C'hief. Pett\Offr. PW:Self Ifelp Div. Beeville TV. PW (J. Maguire). ('orpus C'hristi TV: PWI) - Engr D~iv Dir.Millington. 'TN: PWD .Engr Div'. G1m). C'uba: PWD - Engr Di%. Oak Hiarbor. WA: PWD Matnt (ont.Dir.. Fallon NV: PWD Maint. Div.. New Orleans. Belle Chas I.A: PWD. (ode 182111 (Ptanktich)

31

Nliramar. SD) (A: P%%D M.ajitnte~nance C ontrol LDir.. Bermuda: PW() Belle (Chasse. LA: PW() ('hise FieldBeeville. ITV PW() Ke'. West FL.: PW() Iakehurst. NJ: PW() Sigonella Sicily: PW() Whiting Fld. \lilton FLPWO. D~allas IX: PWO. (Icnsicw% IL-: PWAO. Nilington TN. PWO. kMirarnar. San Diego (A: S( E Norfolk.VA: SCE. Barbers Point HLI SCE. ('ubi Point. RP

NATI. RESEARCH COUNCIL Naival Studies Board, Washington DC(NAVA('I PWO. London UKNAVAEROSPREGNvIEDUEN SCE. Pensacola FLNAVAIRDEVUEN ('hmielewskj. WNarminster. PA: PWD. Engr IDii %lgr. Warmninster. P'A

- N AVAIRPROP1'ESTCEN CO. Trentont. NJNAVCOASTSYSCEN CO. Panama Citv FL: (ode 715 UJ Quirk) Panamia ('it\. FL. Librar\ Panama ('iti.. FL:

PW() Panama C6it, FL.NAVCONINIAREAISTRSTA PWO. Norfolk VA: SCE Unit I Naples htal'.: SCE. Wahiassa IlNAVUONIISI*A (Code 40)1 Nea Nlakri. Greece: PWI) - %laint Control Di%~. D~iego Garcia Is: PWO. Exmnouth.

AVustala:SRCE (Burrculun C ntZ SdsOf.GufotNAustCula:SUAE Balrioa u ('Z .SisOfr ufpr I

NAVEDTRAPRODEVUEN Technical Librarv. Pensacola. Fl.NAVEDUTRACEN Engr Dept (Cotde 42) Newport. RINAVEOI)TECHICEN C'ode 60i5. Indian Head M1I)NAVFAC PWVO. Brawdy Wales UK: PWO. Centerisille Bch. Fernidale (CA: PWO. Point Sur. Big Suir (ANAVFACENGCON\I Alexandria. VA. ('ode (03 Alexandria. VA, (Code 0)3T lEssoghiu) Alexandria. VA: Code

0(4B3 Alexandria. VA: C'ode SilA A.lexandria. VA: ('ode O119M54. Ieeh Lib. Alexandria. V'A: (ode 1(00Alexandria. VA: C'ode 1113, Alexandria. VA: ('ode 11113 Alexandria. VA: COLIC (191 Alexandria. VA

NAVFACENGCO( 05 -('IES DIV, (otde 40)3 Washington D)C: FPO-l Washington. DC. Library. Washington.1).C.

NAVFACENGC()NI -LAN' DI\ (ode Ill. Norfolk. VA: ('ode 4(13, Norfolk. \'A: Eur. BR Depuix, Dir.

N aples liaR: Librarx . Norfol k. VA:' ('ode 1112. Norfolk. V ANAVFA.CENGiC()M NORTH DIV ('ode 0)4 Philadelphia. PA: Code )i4AI.. Philadelphia P'A: (ode II9P

Philadelphia PA: Code Ill Philadelphia. PA: R( )IC(C. (Contracts. C'rane INNAVFACENGUONIl - PAC DIV I K' i0 Code 101. Pearl Harbor. III: ('OI)E 0911P PEARL HARBOR Il: (ode

4012. RDI'&E. Pearl H arbor Ill: Librar'. . Pearl I larbor. HI

NAVIFA('EN(COM SOUTH1 DIV. (ode 4013. Gadd'.. C'harlesiton. SC: Code 1112. Charleston. SC: Librari..

C'harleston. SCNAVFACEN6(OM . WEST DIV AROI('C. C'ontracts. Tsse\cnxnne Palms (A: C'ode 014B San Bruno. (A:

Library. San Bruno. ('A: 09P 20 San Brunt), (A: RDT&EL() San Bruno. C'ANAVIFACENGiCONI ('ONTRACIS AROIC(. NAVSIA Brooklxn. NY: AROIC. Quantico. VA: Contracts.

AROICC. 1.emoore CA: Dir. Eng. D~i\.. Exmouth. Australia: Eng D)i% dir. Southwecst Pac. MIanila. P'I:01CC. Southwecst Pac. Mlanila. P1: OICC.ROICC. NAS Oceana. Virginia Beach. VA: 01CC ROICC.Balboa Panama Canal: ROIUC AF Guam: ROICC Code 495 Portsmouth VA: ROIUC Key West FL.:ROIUC NICAS El Toro: ROI('(. Keflavik. Iceland: ROIUC. NAS. Corpus Christi. TV: ROI('(. Pacific. SanBruno ('A: ROI('(. Yap: ROI(C.OI('('.SPA. Norfolk. VA

NAVIIOSP PWVD .Engr Div. Beaufort. SCNAVNIAG PWD 'Engr Div. Guam: SUE. Subic Bay. R.P.NAVO('EANSYSCEN C'ode 4473B (Tech Lib) San Diego. CA: ('ode 523 (Huirleyl. San Diego. (A: Code 670N0.

San Diego. CA: ('ode 811 San Diego. CANAVORDMISTES'LFA(' PWD - Engr Dir. White Sands. NNINAVORDS'rA PWI)- Dir. Engr Di\. Indian Head. %MD: PWO. Louisville KY

NAVPETOFF Code 301. Alexandria VANAVPETRES Director. Washington DCNAVPHIBASE CO. AUB 2 Norfolk. VA: SUE Coronado. SD.CANAVREGMEDCEN PWD - Engr Div. Camp Lejeune. NC: PWO. C'amp I.ejeune. NCNAVREGMEDCEN PWO. Okinawa. Japan

NAVREGMEDCEN SUE: SUE San Diego. ('A: SCEE.(Camp Pendleton CA: SCE. Guamn: SC'E. Newport. RI:

NAVREGMEDUEN SCE. Yokosuka. Japan

NAVSUOLCEUOFF ('35 Port Ilueneme. ('ANAVSUSOL PWO. Athens GANAVSEASYSU()M Code 01325. Program Mgr. Washington. DC: Code PMS 395 A 3. Washington. I)(' SEA

(M4E (L Kess) Washington. DCNAVSECUGRUACT PWO. Adak AK: PWO. Edzell Scotland: PWO. Puerto Rico: PWO. Ton Sta. OktnataNAVSEUSTA PWD - Engr Div. Wash.. DCNAVSHIIPYD ('ode 2024. Long Beach CA: ('ode 2012.5 (Library) Puget Sound. Bremerton WA: ('ode 38)).

Portsmouth. VA: ('(de 382.3. Pearl Flarhor. HI: ('ode 400,. Puget Sound: Code 44)) Portsmouth Nil: Coude4401. Norfolk: Code 44(0. Puget Sound. Bremerton WA: ('ode 453 ltUtil. Suprl. Vallejo ('A: Lihrari,.Portsmouth Nil: PW Dept. Long Beach. ('A: PWI) (Code 420)1 Dir Portsmouth. VA: PWD (Code 45011Dh)Portsmouth. VA: PWD (Code 4534411)) SHPO 013, Portsmouth. VA: PWO. Bremerton. WA: PWO. MareIs.: PWO. Puget Sound: S(CE. Pearl Ularbor I

32

N.-NNSI A Adak. AK; (O. Brooklsn NY; ('ode -4. 12 Mlarine C orps D~ist. It[easure I% . San Francisco (A: IDirEngr DIN% IWD. Maluv\Port FL: IDir Nlech Engr 37W('t3 Norfolk. VA; E ngr. IDir . Roita Spain; Long Beach.'A Nlit. ('ont. Di\.. G uantanamo BaN Cubia PWI) - Engr D~ept, Adak. ANK: F'WI - 4 ngr Di. Ntd\%a\

Is.. PWO. Kellas ik kecland; I'WO. Niasport Ft.;' S(UE. Guamn. Miarianas; SC E. Pearl IHarbotr III: S( L. SanDitego ('A: SCE. Subic Bai, H.P.; Utilities Engr Oft. Rota Spain

NA%'SL'PIPA('I (O. Naples. Ital%. PW() Naples lial 'NA%'SL'PPFA(' I'WI) - aint. Control Di%. 'Ihurnitint. %ID)NAVSt'RFW'PN('N PWO. Whitc Oak. Silser Spring. \il)

- NAVIE('II'RA(TN S('E. Pensacola FL-NAV"I'EICONINI(ON ('ode 53. Washington. DC(NAVWPNCEN Cotde 2636 China Lake;' PW() (Codie 2ri6) China Lake. (A; HOICC Ce"12.China lakc (ANAVWNPNSTA (Clebak) ('oils Neck. NJ; Code 1)t2. Concord (A; ('ode 09t2A. Seatl Bcach. ( ANAVWPNSFA P\% Office Yorktown. VANAVWPNSI'A PWI) - Sluint. Control D~i\.. Concord. ('A; MAWD - Supr Gcn Engr. Seal Beach. (A; P\\).

Charleston. SC;' PWO. Seal Beach (CANAVWPNSLPPCEN ('ode 09t (rane INNCI'C ('onst. Flec. School. Port Hluenemie, CANCBC (Code I10 Dat stille. HI; Code lI. Port Hlueneme (CAN ('ode I55 Port Hluenenme CA:N ('ode I1. Port

Hluenemne. ('A; ('ode 25111 Port Hueneme. (A; ('ode 430 (l1\k Engrngl Giulfport. MIS. Code 4'0I 2.Giulfport. NIS; Librar. . fDasisillc. RI; NEESA ('ode 252 (P Vs itcrsl Port Hluenemne. (''N;t P\$) (code SiolPort Hlueneme. ('A; PWO. Daiss ,ille HI. PWAO. Giulfpoirt. MIS. 'l'chnical Librar\ . (inllptrt. MIS

NMCB FIVE. Operations Dept. THREE. Operations Off,NOAA (MNr. Joseph Nudusl Riickt lle. Nil); Library Hockvillc. NILNRL_ ('tide 5511(1 Washington. D)CNRoTC J.WN. Stephenson, L'C. Berksele., (ANSC ('ode 54.1 Norfolk. VANSI) SCE. Subic Ba\. H.P.NSWASES C'tde 011501 Port Huteneme. (ANL'S( DEL ('ode 131 NevL Ltondon. CT; Code 5202 (5. Schad$I Ness Loindon, CF: Code EA123 IR.S, %luntil.

Nets Ltondoin CT: ('tde SB 331 (Brown). Nessport HIOFFIC'E SEC'RETARY OF DEFENSE OASD INIRA&LI Dir. of Energy, Pentagon. Wkashington. DCONR ('ode 221, Arlington VA; ('ode 71()F Arlington VAPA('MISRANFA' III Area Bkg Sands. PW() Kckuba. Kaxiai. 1 11PHIBCB I P&E. San Diego. ('APW(' A('E Office Norfolk. VA; ('0. (('ode 11)l. Oakland. CA; Codle 10. (Great ILakes. IL; ('tde 1045 Oakland.

('A; Code 110l. Great Lakes. IL; ('tde 1101. Oakland. ('A; ('ode 1201. Oakland ('A; C'ode 154 j Iibsrar\ I.Gireal Lakes. IL; C'ode 2W1(. Great Lakes IL; Code 4W1(. (ireat Lakes. IL:; ('tide 41(X1. Pearl Harboir. L ('ode41W(. San Diegoi. ('A; ('ode 4201. Great Lakes. IL;: C'tde 4201. Oakland. ('A; ('ode 424. Norfoilk. \NA; ('otle51(X1 Norfolk. VA; ('tde 50';A Oakland. CA; ('ode 611(1 Great Lakes. IL; ('ode MO1. Sun Dieti ('a;: ('ode71(g). Great Lakes. IL;: Library. Code 120C(. San Diego. ('A; Librar\. Guam; Librari. Noirfoilk. VA; Librar\.Pearl Harbor. HI; Library. Pensacola. FL.; Library. Subic Bit\ R.P.; Library. Ytokosuka JA; Util D~ept (HPascua) Pearl Harbor. III i Utilities Offieer. Gutam

SPC'C PW() (('ode 1201) Mlechanicsburg PA'A Smelser. Knoxville. Tern.: Solar (iroup. Arnould. Knoxville. T1N

U.S. MERC'HANT' MARINE AC'ADEMIY Kings Point. NY (Reprint C'ustodian)USAF REGIONAL HOSPITAL Fairchild AFB. WAUS GEOLOGiICAL SURVEY (C'has E. Smith) Minerals Nigmt Ser%. Reston. NAU'SCG G-MMT-4 82 (J Spencer); Library Hqs Washington. DC(USC'G R&D CENTER Library New London. CTIUSDA Forest Service Reg 3 (R. Brown) Albuquerque. NMUSNA Ch. Meeh. Engr. Dept Annapolis MD. ENGRNG Div. PWI). Annapolis MDl) Energ 'Ensirtn Study

Grp. Annapolis. MD; Environ. Prot. R&D Prog. (J. Williams). Annapolis NIL) Niech. Engr. D~ept. ('.Wu). Annapolis MD: USNASYS ENO DEPT ANNAPOLIS NID

USS FULTON WPNS Rep. Offr (W-3) New York. NYARIZONA Kroclinger Tempe. AZ; State Energy Programs Off.. Phoenix AZAUBURN UNIV. Bldg Sci Dept. ILechner. Auburn. ALBERKELEY PW Engr Div. H'arrison. Berkeley. CABONNEVILLE POWER ADMIN Portland OR (Energy ('onsrv. Off.. I). Paves)BROOKHIAVEN NATI. LAB M, Steinberg. Upton NYCALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY LONG BEACH. ('A (('FELAPATLI('ONNEC'I'ICUT Office of Policy & Mgt. Energy. D~iv. Hlartfordl. ClTI CORNELL UNIVERSITY Ithaca NY (Serials Dept. Engr Lib.)DAMES & MOORE LIBRARY LOS ANGEL~ES..'ADRURY COLLEGE Physics Dept, Springfield. MOFLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY Boca Raton. Fl. (McAllister)FOREST INST. FOR OCEAN & MOUNTrAIN C'arson ('itv NV (Studlies ' Iibrars I

33

-77.

(,LORGIA INS lltIL 0F I EC lNOi.OGi (1.1 R .l.'tnson AtljilatG (,Cii Arch. Bento, A.tlanta. GAHA RVA.-RD U.NIX D~ept. otl Architecture. Dr Kim. (ambiride. %AIl,\%Ail SIA\ F 1)EPI OF PLAN, & [-("ON IAli Hlul'I~u III I ICdi 11nto ( ilIOWA S IA IU LN[\'[RSII' Dept. Arch. McKro\%n. Ames,. IA\\X D HO1) E 0. iCiEKANOi(RAI'I (INS I \koo, Hl~e MA X 1niceerKEENE SIX IF ('01LEGE Keenre NilI (rCrnin dianrrrI.EIIIGiH UNIVERSIIY Bethlehemt PA. lI [igdelirin I ib,\, N . iflcick'rcmcr)

L OUISIANA D)I\ NA\IL RAI. RISC)! RUES & I Ni R(N D.\ i Ot R&DI. BHilon ROLIeV. I ANIAINII OFFICE 01- ENFR( Y RI SCol R(IS Aui'ril. \1lMIISSOURI ENERGY) AG(Y' Jelterson it \ Nl()Nil1 C anibride NIA C Ri t1-11.Iech. Report,. I ner I ib, 1. (.nriiiide NIA 1LItICirriii1MION lANA EN FR!. OFFICE Andersoit. I Ici. \I INAIl.R.\. ENERGY LAB I-ibrarl.. Honolulu. IIlNE\\ HIAMPSHIIRE Concord Nil ((joiernior , ( oullci .'it I 1rcrn I

NEW MIEXICO) SOI AR E:NE:RGY INSI I r /vb I a, ruxc NNY ClI OI~ I NCM I N\ (O1I E(U iiBRCOKI ) N. NNY I IBR \RNYNYS ENEROY COFFIC E I ibrar s *\Ian 'NOAK RIDG(E NAIl. iLAB I u.And%. OaC).k RIdJc. INPU'RDUE UNIV ERSI I N I ata'erre. IN (CI Iiner libiSCRIPP'S INSHiV~Ir F (E1 ANC GR.AII) IA .1C lIlA. ( X AT\) \\I~s)SEA I.FE U Prot Schuaeeler Secirle \%ASRI INI 1. Phillips. Chemi Ener [;ib. Mecnlo Park. (.ASlAIT INI. C)F \I \\ ) RK Foil Schustilci. N)Yi l'nc'hmr,11STIAE I . NIX. OF NY A I fit FFAI C) School 4l Nlcdmn'e. Tlutl.. N

IEXAXS A&NI UNIVERSI I \%XXIi I Cdbcrrcr ('tilece Station. IINIVERSI IlY OF (AIIFI RNI.A Fncrves Eincer. 1\1is ( A. I 1\ I R\I( ( I XXRI N!. I

IVERMORE LABI. lC)KAR/I. L SF. l'h\ssil plant. 161 1I~CsO ( A.NIVE RS I I') OF D)1.AXX ARE Nen ark. DL IX-pt ot ( i~i I tiginccrin-.i. ( ic-owLN INERSIlIY OF FLO. RIDAN Dept Arch M Norgan. C ,rncss~c lI I<

UNIVE1:RSITFY OF IAW\AII IION(I 1(1 1. [it (S( IIN(F I ND) H ( If I\INIVERSI IY C)F ILINCOIS Iliall I Urbana. I1 . RBA.NA. It i I IBRRNYiLNI VERSI FY O F NIASSACIILSE FIS Olerioncmusl. Nil D)ept. .Nmhclrst. MA,UNIV ERSITFY OF NEBRASKA-I.lN(C I N lincolni. NI: Ross Icc Shell Pro IUNIVERSITY OF NEWk IIANIPSI IRE H"c Iingr D~epot. D~r NMurdoch. IDUrhim11 N1IUNIVERSITY OF TEXAS Inst. Mlarine Set C I.brars C. Port Arkansas IXUNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AlI AUI IN AUI IN. I X (I IINIP1SoNiUNIVERSITY OF WASIIING1-ON Seattle \%A (F l-inger)UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN Nijissaukec \%I ICtr ol (Great lakes Studics)ARVID GRANT OLYMiPIA. WAATLANTIC RICHII~ELD (CO. D)ALLAS. T\ ISMiIrI HBECHTEL CORP. SAN FRANCISCO. (A WPHELPS)BROWN & ROOTF Houston FX 1). WIard)CHEMED CORP Lake Zurich IL (Dearborn (hem. IDi\ Lb.)COLUMBIA GULF TRAXNSMIiSSION (CO. HClSlCN. IX (ENUi 1-11.)DESIGN SERVICES Beck. Ventura. (ADIXIE DIVING ('ENTER Decatur. GiADURLACIf. ONEAL. JENKINS & ASSOC. Columblia SCGARD INC. Dr. L. Holmes. Niles. It.LITTIONIA LIGHTING Application eng. Dept. tB. Ileltoti. Conyers. (0A 3020f7MCDONNEL AIRCRAFTI CO. (Fama n) Engrng Dept.. St. Louis, NTOMEDERMOIT & CO. Diving Division. Harvey\. LANEWPORT NEWS SHIPBLDG & DRYDOCK CO. New-port News, NA Clecch. -it'.)PACIFIC MARINE TEChfNOLOGY (M. Wagner) Duvall. WAPG&E Lihrarv. San Francisco. CAPORTLAND CEMENT ASSOC. Skokie HI. CRsch & Dcv Lab. Lib.)RAYMOND INTERNATIONAL INC. F Colic Soil Tech Dept. Pennsauken. NJSANDIA LABORATORIES Albuquerque. NM lVortnnan); Librars Di\., Livermiore (ASCHIUPACK ASSOC SO. NORWAL.K. (1 (SCHIUPACK)SHIELL DEVELOPMENT (0. Houston TX (C. Sellars .Ir.)TiEXTRON INC BUFFALO. NY (RESEARCH C'ENTER L-11.)TRW SYSTEMS REDONDO BEACH. CA ([)Ai)UNITED TECHNOLOGIES Windsor Locks CTI (Hfamilton Stdl Div.. Librarv)WARD. WOLSTENHOLD ARCI IITECTS Sacramento. CAWESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP. Annapolis MD (COccanic Di\ libh. Brsan): Librarl.. I'ittsbirgh PA.WM ('LAPP LABS - BArIFIi.E DUXBURY. NMA (LIBRARY)

34

BRAIII 1/ La Joll. C AFISHER San ieg~wo. CaKE I RON. BOB Ft NNorth. I\KRV/]('. LP Siker Spring. NL

lWA NERNIFI. \\ a~hington DC"VAIY ILne~rfDOsC. CA

35

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DISTRIBUTION QUESTIONNAIREThe Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory is revising its primary distribution lists.

SUBJECT CATEGOR IES 28 ENERGY/POWER GENERATION29 Thermal conservation (thermal engineering of buildings, HVAC

I SHORE FACILITIES systems. energy loss measurement, powser generation)2 Construction nmethods and maeterials (including corrosion 30 Controls and electrical consevation lelectrtcol systems,

control, coatings) energy monitoring and control systems)3 Waterfront structures Irmeintenancoldeterioration control) 31 Fuel f lexibility llrpuid I ueib. coal uilizaltion,. energy

4 Utilities fincluding Power conditioning) from solid wastel5 Explosives safety 32 Alternate energy source (geotheprmalf power, phrotovoltaic

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computer techntiques) 34 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION10 Protective construction (including hardened shelters. 35 Solid waste managemenr

shock and vibration studies) 36 Hazardous/toxic materials managementI1I Sarllrock mechanics 37 Wastewater management and sanitary engineering

13 BEO 38 Oil pollution removal and recovery14 Airfields and pavements 39 Air pollutionIS ADVANCED BASE AND AMPIBIOUS FACILITIES 40 Noise abatement16 Base facilities lincluding shelters, power generation, water supplies) 44 OCEAN ENGINEERING17 Expedient roods/airfrelds/brrdges 45 Seafloor soils and foundations18 Amphibious operations (including breakwaters, wave forces) 46 Seafloor construction systems and operations (including19 Over-the-Beach operations finCluding containerization. direr and manipulator tools)

mraterial transfer, lighterage and cranril 47 Undersea structures and materials20 POL storage, transfer and distribution 48 Anchors and moorings24 POLAR ENGINEERING 49 Undersea power systems, electromechanical cables.24 Same as Advanced Base and Amphibious Facilities, and connectors

except limited to cold-region environments 50 Pressure vessel fecilities51 Physical environment (including site surveying)52 Ocean-basedl concrete structures93 Hyperbaric chambers54 Undersea cable dynamics

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