To Kill a Mockingbird (1962)

Goal of Today’s Lesson

Racism:Part 1: Cause of Racism: (1800-1918)Nationalism, Imperialism.

Part 2: Collapse of Racism: (1919 – 1970’s) WWI & WWII

1962

Part 3: Effect of Racism’s Collapse (1950-1970):- African Independence- Asian Independence- European Empires fall (British, French)- United States: Fall of KKK, the US Constitution.

What is Racism?

People are not born Racist!Example #1:Chinese: Accepted as Chinese if you

adopted Chinese culture.- Mongolian Empire- Manchurian Empire

Example #2: Native Americans Accepted other tribe

members into their tribe.

People are not born Racist!

Conclusion:People around the world did not differentiate

by race.

Where does Racism come from?

• Dates: 1800’s – 1940’s• Causes:

– The Rise of Nations and Nationalism– The Rise of Imperialism

1. The Rise of Nations and Nationalism

European History:- Middle Ages (700’s – 1500’s): Lord, fief.- Renaissance (1500’s – 1800’s): Monarch (Romanovs, Tudors, Bourbon, Hohenzollerns, Hapsburgs, etc…)

- Modern Era (1815 – Present): Nation

What is a Nation?• What is it to be French, German,

English, Russian?

Rise of Nations = Nationalism

Aspects of nationalism:2. Language3. History4. Religion5. Government6. Ethnic group, Tribe, Race7. Culture

Countries define their nation or nationalism differently. (i.e. Japan vs Austria)

Rise of Nations + Nationalism = Racism

• As Nationalism rises people focus on differences.

• These differences give rise to superiority.• White Man’s Burden, Social Darwinism,

ethnocentrism.

2. The Rise of Imperialism

A. Starting in 1492 Europeans conquered two continents: North and South America

2. The Rise of Imperialism

B. Between 1492 – 1870: Africa

2. The Rise of Imperialism

C. 1800’s – 1940: Asia

2. The Rise of Imperialism

Effect:- Extermination- Slavery- White Man’s Burden- Racism.

PART II: Collapse of Racism: WWI (1914) – WWII (1945)

WWI (1914-1918) 15,000,000 – 25,000,000Armenian Massacre (1916) 15,000 - 30,000Ukrainian Terror Famine (1929-1931) 8,000,000 – 15,000,000Nazism (1932-1945) WWII (1939-1945) 40,000,000 – 72,000,00Holocaust (1940-1945) 14,200,000

Conclusion:End of European Dominance. Question European superiority.Question Racism.

Part 3: Effect of Racism’s Collapse (1950-1970):

- African Independence: The Year When African Countries Gained Their Independence• 1847 Liberia• 1951 Egypt• 1956 Sudan, Tunisia, Morocco• 1957 Ghana• 1958 Guinea• 1960 Chad, Benin, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Central African Republic, Mali,

Niger, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Togo, Zaire, Somalia, Congo, Gabon, Cameroon• 1961 Sierra Leone, South Africa (recognized as the Republic of South Africa, the

indigenous people (Black Africans), were living under apartheid, and thus not truly independent)1962Algeria, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda

• 1963 Kenya, Tanzania• 1964 Malawi, Zambia• 1965 Gambia• 1966 Botswana, Lesotho• 1968 Equatorial Guinea, Mauritius, Swaziland• 1969 Guinea-Bissau, Libya• 1975 Angola, Cape Verde, Comoros, Mozambique, Sao Tome• 1976 Seychelles• 1977 Djibouti1980Zimbabwe

Part 3: Effect of Racism’s Collapse (1950-1970):

• Asian Independence

Part 3: Effect of Racism’s Collapse (1950-1970):

• United States: The US Constitution• 1954: Brown v Board of Education• Court's unanimous (9–0) decision stated that

"separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."

• As a result, de jure racial segregation was ruled a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution.

14th Amendment

• Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

due process of law………… equal protection

• The Law applies to everyone equally. • Everyone is protected equally by law…. You can

NOT pass a law against 1 person (or Group)

• Racism is illegal• Women: Title IX (1972)• Disabilities: ADA (1990)• Education:

– Tinker v Des Moines– Hand Book: Bullying, harassment.– Suspension hearing