To World 1853 United States makes Gadsden Purchase.

1849 California gold rush begins.

1848 War with Mexico ends.1847 Mormons migrate to Utah.

1846 War with Mexico begins.

1844 James Polk is elected president.

1836 Texas declares independence. Battle of the Alamo fought.

Republic of Texas established.

1824 Jedediah Smith finds South Pass.

1821 Stephen Austin settles in Texas.

Chapter 13Manifest Destiny

1. What does the term “Manifest Destiny” mean to you? 2. What do you think daily life on the trail west might be like?3. What are some of the items people traveling west might take?4. What obstacles do you think they faced? ***Turn to your partner and discuss the answers, then we will share.

What is Manifest Destiny?The idea that America had the GOD GIVEN RIGHT to pursue it’s dreams (more land, more wealth, and more international power).

We believed that God intended for us to inhabit all land from “sea to shining sea” (Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean).

Not only that but that it was an inevitability, it was BOUND to happen sooner or later…

We used this belief to justify all the things we had to do in order to achieve those goals (war, treaties, land purchases, removal of the Indians, discrimination against the other native inhabitants of the area, boundary disputes, annexation of land, etc.)

Causes of Manifest DestinyDesire to control territory from coast to coast!• Our settlers were moving West to find new land and opportunity.

More territory promised more economic opportunity for Americans.

• The more land we had the more chances we had to make money and expand our industry and economy.

• New trading systems began to emerge with new people our settlers were encountering in the West.

• People wanted change and many dreamed of owning their own farms out West.

Interest in Oregon Territory by Europeans.• Other nations wanted to establish settlements in the western parts of the

continent and we knew if we wanted that territory we had better get there fast!

5. Summarize the causes of Manifest Destiny in one sentence…

The Road to Manifest Destiny (Things that helped us achieve our goals)

There are Political, Economic, and Social events that led us towards our destiny…

Political (new territory) • Louisiana Purchase (1803)

• First big land purchase

• Doubled the size of America.

• Adams-Onis Treaty (1821)

• Brought what was once Spanish Florida under our control.

• Annexation of Texas (1845)

• A GREAT example of Manifest Destiny

• Helped cause war with Mexico

• Acquisition of Oregon Territory (1846)

The Political Road to Manifest Destiny Cont.

The eyes of TEXAS are upon you…

Founder: Stephen F. Austin

Why did Texans revolt against Mexico?• Didn’t like having to adapt to the Mexican way of doing things

• Didn’t like having to follow Mexican laws

• Didn’t want to have to speak Spanish or use Spanish even for official government business.

• Texans were very upset when Mexico outlawed slavery.

• Mexico stationed troops in Texas to enforce laws and make Texans pay taxes.

Texas was an independent nation for about 10 years before becoming part of America in 1845.

6. Why would Americans want to move to Texas???

7. Texans were VERY upset at the new rules imposed by Mexico. Do you think their reaction to the new Mexican government was

reasonable? Why or why not?

The Political Road to Manifest Destiny Cont.

Causes of the United State’s War with Mexico

Expansion of Slavery• Settlers began bringing slaves into future Texas territory while it was

still ruled by Spain. • When Mexico gained it’s independence from Spain the new government

outlawed slavery but Texan settlers refused to follow the laws. Plantation owners in Texas territory needed slaves to continue their economic growth.

Annexation of Texas• Texas had won it’s independence but Mexico still didn’t recognize them

as a free nation.• When the US decided to annex Texas (accept them into the Union),

Mexico decided to fight for what was “theirs”

Border disputes between US and Mexico

8. Why might Mexico have banned slavery?

9. Why didn’t Texans want to follow that law?

10. What problems might the annexation of Texas have caused IN AMERICA?

The Political Road to Manifest Destiny Cont…

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo/Mexican Cession (1848)

• Signed by President James K. Polk (president during the war)

• Ended the war with Mexico

• Recognized Texas as being part of the US

• The cession cost us $15 million dollars

• Gave us 2 million sq. miles of territory, including what is now California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico

• COMPLETED MANIFEST DESTINY!!!!!

• We agreed to respect the rights of all Spanish speaking people in the region (which we didn’t follow through with very well)

2 million square miles

11. Who (United States or Mexico) received the better deal? What makes you say that?

12. How might the Mexicans living in this area felt about the Mexican Cession and the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo?

13. What was the MAIN effect of this cession for the United States?

The Political Road to Manifest Destiny Cont.

And last but not least….

Gadsden Purchase (1853)• Gave us a small strip of land at the lower end of Arizona.

• Cost us about $10 million dollars which is LOTS of money if you compare it to the entire Mexican Cession which only cost us $5 million more.

14. Why were we willing to pay SO much for this small piece of land? Why was it so important to us? What was also going

on in the United States at this time?

The Social Road to Manifest Destiny

Social (people, families, immigrants, natives, etc.)• Go West Young Man!!!

• Americans with big dreams of clean water and air, owning their own farms, and making a good life for their families began moving into the frontier land claimed by Mexico and Great Britain

• Oregon Trail• Went from Independence Missouri to the Oregon Territory.

• Trail was very dangerous so people formed wagon trails for protection.

• People began spreading huge ‘tall tales’ about Oregon (sun always shone, wheat grew as tall as men, life was easy).

1. What do you think it was like on the Oregon Trail?

2. Which trail do you think would have been better? The Oregon Trail or the Santa Fe Trail? Why?

The Social Road to Manifest Destiny, Cont.Nationalism• With our victory in the War of 1812 we began to feel like

we were bigger and better and that we deserved room to grow and expand as a nation together.

Uninhabited Land• Although there were many natives and Mexicans living

throughout this territory we did not believe it was settled land and therefore we could take what we wanted from it.

Religious…• Mormons moved to Utah from New York after the

assassination of their leader and due to pressure from society about their way of life.

The Economic Road to Manifest Destiny

Economic (money or resources)• Cheap Land in the Western frontier provinces held by

Mexico and Great Britain• Speculators purchased large amounts of land and split it up,

selling many smaller plots for a big profit.

• Advances in transportation (Canals, roads, railroads, steam engines, etc.)

• Allowed faster travel

• Allowed for goods to be shipped to new parts of the nation

15. How did advances in transportation affect the idea of Manifest Destiny?

The Economic Road to Manifest Destiny Cont.

California Gold Rush• Soon after the War with Mexico was over

Gold was discovered in California.

• This caused a HUGE boom!

• Thousands and thousands of people flocked to California to seek their own buried treasure.

• Most were young, single men… not many women made the trek at first.

• Many people gave up everything (homes, families, etc.) for a shot at California gold.

16. How could the Gold Rush have affected California positively? Negatively?

The Economic Road to Manifest Destiny Con.California Gold Rush (effects)• Many new towns were created, seemingly, over night when

people moved in to press their luck at mining.

• Many of these new BOOM TOWNS were abandoned as quickly as they were made although this boom gave California enough settlers to apply for statehood by 1849.

• The large increase in population spread disease rapidly to the Native Americans and Mexicans living in the region which severely reduced their numbers.

• Not many miners became wealthy• Gold was not easy to find

• They were charged outrageous prices for supplies they needed and were swindled out of their money as well.

17. Summarize the effects of the California Gold Rush in one Sentence…

The Road to Manifest Destiny…

Immigration to the US resulting to the California Gold Rush• Miners pooled in from all over the world

• Chinese immigrants fled crop failure and famine in China. Many Chinese were resented for their successes in mining because they were much more patient and found gold where white miners hadn’t bothered to look.

• Mexican immigrants came from older mines in Mexico

• Immigrants from elsewhere in Europe, South America, and Australia.

• Soon there started to be a lot of tension between citizens and immigrants.

18. Laws were soon made in California forcing immigrants OUT of the mines. What do you think the

effects of these laws might have been on California as a state? The people who lived in California? The

immigrants?

Visual Summary

TRAILS WESTMountain men and

traders opened trails in the Far West. Pioneers then went west to gain

land, wealth, or religious freedom.

THE TEXAS REVOLUTIONAmericans moved into the Mexican territory of Texas.

Conflicts led those Americans to revolt, and Texas gained

independence.

THE WAR WITH MEXICOPresident Polk wanted to

expand the nation. He negotiated to gain Oregon. The United States fought Mexico to gain much of

the Southwest.

THE CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH

The discovery of gold lured thousands of

people to California. California’s economy and population grew, resulting in statehood.

UNITEDSTATES in 1810

UNITED STATES in 1853

1. What objects do you see?2. Which direction are they moving?3. What is the feeling behind this?4. What is a good title for this cartoon? Why?

19. Criticize and defend the ideas and actions associated with Manifest Destiny. Be specific!