today what is phonetics? decoding the speech stream principles of phonetic transcription ipa...
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Today What is Phonetics? Decoding the speech stream Principles of phonetic
transcription IPA
Readings: 3.1-3.2
Phonetics The scientific study of human speech
sounds How they are produced (articulatory) How they are perceived (auditory) Their physical properties (acoustic)
X-ray movie “Why did Ken set the soggy net
…on top of his deck?”
http://hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/departments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/course/chapter1.1/chapter1.1.htm
Decoding the speech stream The speech signal is a continuous stream
of sound No ‘spaces’ between words in speech
Chicken Little parsed as
saying:
“The sky is falling”
(untrue)...
...rather than his actual warning:
“This guy is falling.” (true)
Decoding the speech stream‘leaf’ [lif] vs. ‘feel’ [fil] forwards
‘feel’ [fil] vs. ‘leaf’ [lif] backwards
‘lull’ vs. ‘llul’ backwards
Decoding the speech stream Sounds in a string are continuous, yet we
perceive them as discrete, separate sounds
Goals for Phonetics section: Be able to identify human speech sounds Learn symbols used for transcribing
speech sounds Describe and classify sounds according
to articulatory properties
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
A standardized set of symbols for transcribing all possible human speech sounds
One-to-one correspondence between symbol and sound
We will use “symbol” = IPA
“letter” = spelling (orthography)
Interactive IPA chart can be found at: http://hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/departments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/course/chapter1/chapter1.html
Why use the IPA? Some languages have no writing system There is no one-to-one correspondence
between letters and sounds: Same letter — different sounds
dad, father, about, many Same sound — different letters
believe, people, amoeba, tree Several letters used for one sound
shoot, nation, chord, chip
Why use the IPA? One letter used for several sounds
box, use Some letters have no sound
gnaw, sword, debt, damn, bomb
[baks] [juz]
[nç]...[bam]
IPA preview Some symbols will look and sound familiar:
[b n w] Some will look familiar, but sound strange:
[x q] Some will sound familiar, but look strange:
[S T N] Some will look and sound unfamiliar:
[/ µ ß]
IPA consonants[p] spit, tip, appear[b] ball, globe, amble[t] stack, pat, stuffed, pterodactyl[d] dip, card, drop, loved[k] skit, joker, attic, exceed[g] guard, bag, longer[/] uh-oh (the “catch” in your throat preceding both syllables), mitten[f] foot, laugh, philosophy, coffee[v] vest, dove, gravel[T] through, bath, thistle, ether, teeth[D] the, their, mother, either, teethe
Hints:
-Pay attention to how you SAY it; not how it’s spelled.
-check your pronunciation against a native speaker’s.
[s] soap, psychology, nice[z] zip, roads, kisses, xerox, design[S] shy, mission, nation, glacial, sure[Z] measure, vision, azure, casualty[h] who, hat, reheat[tS] choke, match, church[dZ] judge, george, jelly, region, residual[m] moose, lamb, smack[n] nap, snow, can, know[N] lung, thing, think, finger, singer, ankle
[l] leaf, feel, mild, sleep[r]* reef, fear, prune, carry[R] writer, rider, latter, ladder,
pretty[w] with, swim, mowing, queen, twin[j] you, beautiful, feud, use, yell
* In the IPA, [r] is actually a trill like in Spanish * In the IPA, [r] is actually a trill like in Spanish “pe“perrrro”. The IPA symbol for American ‘r’ is o”. The IPA symbol for American ‘r’ is [[®®]], , but you can use either symbol since the text but you can use either symbol since the text uses [r] for American ‘r’.uses [r] for American ‘r’.