tóm tắt bài giảng những nguyên tắc của lhs

8/14/2019 Tm tt bi ging nhng nguyn tc ca LHS

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BAI 1: KHAI NIEM, NHIEM VU VA CAC NGUYENTAC CUA LHS

I. Khai niem.I. Ban chat giai cap cua LHSII. Nhiem vu cua LHSIII. Cac nguyen tac c ban cua LHSIV. Khoa hoc LHS va cac nganh khoa hoc khac lien quan

I. KHAI NIEM1. nh ngha2. oi tng ieu chnh3. Phng phap ieu chnh

1. nh nghaLHS co the c nghien cu di cac goc o khac nhau

nh: Mot nganh luat; Mot ao luat; Mot khoa hoc phap

lyKhi nghien cu LHS di goc o mot nganh luat th nghien

cu cac noi dung: oi tng ieu chnh, phng phap ieu chnh Tnh giai cap cua LHS Nhiem vu cua LHS Nhng nguyen tac c ban cua LHS.

Khi nghien cu LHS di goc o mot ao luat nghien cucac van e:

Cau tao cua ao LHS Hieu lc cua ao LHS Giaithch ao LHS

Khi nghien cu LHS di goc o mot nganh khoa hoc phaply, can nghien cu cac van e:

oi tng nghien cu; Phng phap nghien cu; Moi lien he gia khoa hoc phap ly hnh s vi cac

nganh khoa hoc khacDi goc o la mot nganh luat th LHS c nh ngha nh

sau:LHS la nganh luat trong he thong phap luat cua

nc CHXHCN Viet Nam, bao gom he thong nhng quypham phap luat do nha nc ban hanh, xac nh nhnghanh vi nguy hiem cho xa hoi b coi la toi pham ongthi quy nh hnh phat oi vi nhng toi pham ay.Cac loai quy pham phap LHS :

Loai quy pham quy nh nhng nguyen tac, nhiem vucua LHS, nhng van e chung ve toi pham va hnh phat Phan chung cua LHS

Loai quy pham quy nh dau hieu phap ly cua nhngtoi pham cu the; loai va mc hnh phat co the ap dung oivi cac toi pham ay Phan cac toi pham cua LHS

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2. OI TNG IEU CHNH CUA LHS.oi tng ieu chnh cua LHS la QHPLHSla QHXH phat sinh khico mot TP xay ra gia Nha nc va ngi PT Chu the cua QHPLHS

Chu the: - Nha nc: uy quyen cho cac c quan nh C

quan ieu tra, Vien kiem sat, Toa an- Ngi pham toi : la ngi thc hien hanh vipham toi

Noi dung cua QH PLHS quyen va ngha vu cua cac

chu the

CHU THE NHA NC NGI PTQUYEN QUYEN:Truy cu TNHS

oi vi ngi phamtoi;Ap dung cac che taioi vi ngi phamtoi

Yeu cau c quan QUYEN: yeu cau nha

nc ap dung che tai tronggii han luat nh; Yeu cau c quan nha nc am bao

quyen, li ch hp phap cuamnh

NGHA VU ch ap dung cacche tai trong giihan luat nh;

am bao quyen, lich hp phap cuangi pham toi

Phai chap hanh cac quyetnh cua nha nc veviec x ly oi vi hanh vi

pham toi

3. Phng phap ieu chnh: nh ngha C s ly luan Noi dung cua phng phap quyen uy

nh ngha ve phng phap quyen uyPhng phap quyen uy: la phng phap s dung quyen lc

nha nc trong viec ieu chnh cac quan he phap LHS gia

nha nc va ngi pham toi C s ly luan

Xuat phat t quan he bat bnh ang gia hai chu the nhanc va ngi pham toi trong quan he phap LHS

Noi dung cua phng phap quyen uy: Nha nc la chu the trc tiep co quyen buoc ngi

pham toi phai chu TNHS ma ho a gay ra. Ngi pham toi phai chu trach nhiem trc nha nc,

ma khong c uy thac TNHS cho ngi khacII - BAN CHAT GIAI CAP CUA LHS

- LHS phan anh y ch cua giai cap thong tr

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- LHS la cong cu bao ve quyen li cua g/c thongtr

III - NHIEM VU CUA LHS Nhiem vu chien lc: luon ton tai trong cac giai oan

cua qua trnh phat trien cua nha nc (ieu 1 BLHS)- Nhiem vu bao ve Nhiem vu giao duc- Nhiem vu au tranh phong chong toi pham

Nhiem vu trong tng giai oan lch s cu the.IV - CAC NGUYEN TAC C BAN CUA LHS nh ngha Y ngha Cac nguyen tac cu the nh ngha Nguyen tac c ban: la nhng t tng ch ao toan bo

qua trnh xay dng va ap dung cac quy nh cua LHS vaoau tranh phong chong toi pham.

Nguyen tac ac thu: la nhng nguyen tac co tnh acthu rieng cho nganh LHS c the hien trong mot so chenh cu the cua LHS.

Y ngha cua nguyen tac c ban:+ Trong hoat ong xay dng phap luat: e co nh

hng ro rang cho viec xay dng quy pham phap luat va khaithac toi a cac t tng o, tranh viec quy nh mot cachchong cheo

+ Trong hoat ong ap dung phap luat: trong thc te conhng khoang trong ma phap luat cha ieu chnh, quy nh angha, chong cheo, mau thuan, v.v th can ap dung tren c s

cac nguyen tac cua LHS+ Hoan thien phap luat: la ong lc e nha lam luat

ngay cang hoan thien hn phap LHS, ong thi viec sa oibo sung phap LHS cung phai triet e tuan thu cac nguyen taccua LHS

1. Nguyen tac phap che XHCN Phap che XHCN la g?

Phap che XHCN la s triet e tuan thu phap luat t pha c

quan, to chc, ca nhan. Bieu hien cua nguyen tac phap che xhcn:+ Trong hoat ong lap phap+ Trong hoat ong ap dung phap luat hnh s+ Nhng bao am thc hien nguyen tac phap che XHCN Bieu hien cua nguyen tac phap che xhcn trong lap

phap- Toi pham va hnh phat phai c quy nh trong BLHS (2

BLHS)

- Quy nh ro trong LHS ranh gii gia toi pham va hanh vi kgphai la TP

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- Viec xay dng, ban hanh, sa oi, bo sung cac quy nhve toi pham, hnh phat, cac quy nh khac phai theo ungquy nh cua phap luat.

Bieu hien cua nguyen tac phap che xhcn trong apdung phap luat

- Xet x ung ngi, ung toi, ung phap luat;- Thong nhat trong nhan thc va ap dung cac quy pham

phap LHS;- Khong ap dung nguyen tac tng t ve luat trong hnh s Nhng bao am thc hien nguyen tac:

Phai co he thong phap luat hoan chnh Phai tuan thu cac trnh t va thu tuc to tung nh cac

quy trnh ve ieu tra, truy to, xet x, giam oc tham,tai tham, v.v

2. Nguyen tac dan chu XHCN Dan chu XHCN la g? Bieu hien cua nguyen tac

- Dan chu: la s lam chu cua nhan dan, s tham gia rongrai cua nhan dan vao qua trnh quan ly xa hoi, quan lynha nc va la mot nguyen tac hien nh

- C s ly luan: xuat phat t ban chat cua nha ncCHXHCNVN la nha nc cua dan, do dan va v dan va las cu the hoa cua nguyen tac hien nh tai ieu 11 cuaHien phap 1992

Bieu hien cua nguyen tac ve noi dung dan chu Ton trong quyen dan chu cua cong dan bang cach x

ly cac hanh vi pham en cac quyen nay; Khong phan biet oi x hay quy nh cac ac quyen,

ac li, am bao s bnh ang gia cac cong dan; am bao cho cong dan t mnh hoac thong qua to chc

tham gia vao cac hoat ong xay dng phap luat Mat chuyen chnh cua nguyen tac dan chu

X ly nghiem minh cac hanh vi vi pham Xac nh ng loi x ly nghiem tr oi vi mot so

oi tng (3 BLHS)

3. Nguyen tac nhan ao xhcn: Nhan ao XHCN la g? C s ly luan Bieu hien cua nguyen tac

- Nhan ao la nhan t, o lng, khoan dung oi vi conngi, coi con ngi la gia tr cao nhat, tuyet oi

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- C s ly luan: xuat phat t ban chat cua nha nc ta lanha nc cua dan, do dan va v dan va tnh thng yeu conngi cua dan toc ta Bieu hien cua nguyen tac nhan ao xhcn Chnh sach khoan hong cua Nha nc trong x ly TP Muc ch cua hnh phat; Quyet nh hnh phat; He thong cac bien phap mien, giam TNHS.

4. Nguyen tac ket hp chu ngha yeu nc va hp tacquoc te C s ly luan Bieu hien cua nguyen tac

C s ly luan- Tnh hnh toi pham- Yeu cau trao oi kinh nghiem trong viec giai quyet

cac van e nh nhau Bieu hien cua nguyen tac ket hp chu ngha yeu

nc va hp tac quoc te- Nha nc kien quyet dau tranh bao ve li ch quoc gia- Quy nh mot so quy pham bao ve li ch cua cong ong

the gii (Chng 24 BLHS)- LHS ghi nhan va am bao thc hien cac cam ket quoc te

V - KHOA HOC LHS VA CAC NGANH KHOA HOCKHAC LIEN QUAN

nh ngha oi tng nghien cu Phng phap nghiencu

Moi lien he gia khoa hoc phap ly hnh s vi cac nganhkhoa hoc khac

nh ngha khoa hoc LHS: la nganh luat hoc nghien cu motcach he thong toan dien ly luan ve toi pham va hnh phatoi tng nghien cu: phap LHS; thc tien ap dung phapluat; lch s hnh thanh va phat trien phap LHS; LHS ncngoai,v.vPhng phap nghien cu :

Phng phap duy vat bien chng; Phng phap duy vat lch s; Phng phap phan tch quy pham phap luat; Phng phap xa hoi hoc; Phng phap so sanh.

Moi lien he gia khoa hoc phap ly hnh s vi cacnganh khoa hoc khac

Moi lien he gia khoa hoc phap ly hnh s vi toi phamhoc;

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Moi lien he gia khoa hoc phap ly hnh s vi khoa hocve luat to tung hnh s;

Moi lien he gia khoa hoc phap ly hnh s vi tam lyhoc t phap, tam than hoc t phap, phap y hoc,v.v

CHNG 2: KHAI NIEM, CAU TAO VA HIEU LCCUA AO LHS

I. Khai niem ao LHSII. Cau tao cua ao LHSIII. Hieu lc cua ao LHSIV. Hieu lc hoi toV. Giai thch ao LHSVI. Nguyen tac tng t ve luat

I - KHAI NIEM AO LHS1. nh ngha

ao LHS la van ban phap luat do c quan quyen lc nhanc cao nhat ban hanh, quy nh ve toi pham, hnh phat cungnh cac che nh khac lien quan en viec xac nh toi phamva hnh phat ong thi quy nh nhiem vu va nhng nguyen tacchung cua LHS Viet nam.2. Phan tch

Hnh thc ao LHS Noi dung cua LHS Thu tuc

ban hanh

Hnh thc LHS: BLHS hoan chnhVan ban luat n hanh ve toi phamtrong lnh vc nhat nh

Noi dung cua ao LHS- nhom quy pham Phan chung quy nh ve cac nguyen tac

chung trong xac nh TP va HP- Nhom quy pham Phan Cac TP quy nh ve cac toi pham cu

the va che tai tng ng Thu tuc ban hanh:Do Quoc hoi ban hanh theo trnh t thu tuc do phap luat quynh

II - CAU TAO CUA AO LHS1. Cau tao cua Bo LHS.2. Cau tao cua quy pham phap LHS

1. Cau tao BLHS

2.

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BO LHS

PHAN CHUNG PHAN CAC TP

Chng (24 chng)Muc (ch co trong mot so chng)

ieu (344 ieu)

Khoan

iem

2. Cau tao quy pham phap LHS. Quy pham phap luat phan chung: thng khong co phan

che tai va oi vi quy pham nh ngha th khong cophan gia nh.

QPPL phan cac toi pham: thng co 2 bo phan la quynh va che tai

Quy nh cua QHPLHSLa mot bo phan cua QPPLHS, neu ra hoac neu ra va mo ta

mot tpham nhat nh Cac loai quy nh

Quy nh gian n: ch neu ten toi pham, khong mo ta cacdau hieu cua tpha Quy nh mo ta: la quy nh neu ra toipham va mo ta cac dau hieu ac trng cua no;Quy nh vien dan: la quy nh neu ra toi pham nhng muonxac nh cac dau hieu cua no phai xem xet them cac dauhieu khac cua phap luat Che tai cua QHPLHS

N: La mot bo phan cua QPPLHS, xac nh loai va mc hnhphat oi vi ngi thc hien toi pham a neu trong phan quynh.Loai che tai :

- Che tai tng oi dt khoat Che tai la chon

Che tai tng oi dt khoaLa che tai ma luat quy nh mc toi a va mc toi thieuhoac ch quy nh mc toi a

Khung hnh phat

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Mc toi thieuMc toi a

Che tai la chonLa che tai ma luat quy nh nhieu loai hnh phat khac nhau.V du: th b phat cai tao khong giam gi en 3 nam, phat tu t6 thang en 3 nam

III.HIEU LC CUA AO LHS.1. Hieu lc theo khong gian

nh ngha Hieu lc cua ao LHS oi vi hanh vi pham toi tren

lanh tho Viet nam Hieu lc cua ao LHS oi vi hanh vi pham toi ngoai

lanh tho Viet Nam nh ngha hieu lc theo khong gian

La hieu lc trong khoang khong gian nhat nh oi vi motso ngi nhat nh.

Lanh tho VietNam

Lanh tho cacquoc gia khac

Khu vc khongthuoclanh

tho cua batky quoc gia

nao

a) Hieu lc cua ao LHS oi vi hanh vi pham toi trenlanh tho Viet Nam Can c phap ly:

ieu 5 BLHS quy nh BLHS c ap dung oi vi moi hanh vipham toi thc hien tren lanh tho nc Cong hoa xa hoichu ngha Viet namNguyen tac chi phoi : nguyen tac chu quyen quoc gia Khai niem lanh tho Viet Nam:

Theo ieu 1 Hien Phap 1992 va theo thong le quoc te lanh tho

VN bao gom:- at lien, Cac hai ao Vung bien Vung tri- Lanh tho di ong gom: Tau hang hai quan s, may bay quan s mang c Viet

nam ang bat c ni nao Tau hang hai dan s dan s va may bay dan s mang

c VN ang hai phan quoc te hoac khong phan quocte.

Hanh vi c coi la pham toi tren lanh tho Viet NamCo cac trng hp:

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Hanh vi pham toi thc hien tron ven tren lanh tho Vietnam

Toi pham c bat au, hoac dien ra hoac ket thuctren lanh tho VN

Tom laiTheo nguyen tac chu quyen quoc gia, ao LHS Viet nam co hieulc tuyet oi vi moi hanh vi pham toi c thc hien tren lanh

tho Viet namBiet le: khoan 2 ieu 5 BLHS quy nh ve TNHS oi vi nhngngi c hng quyen mien tr t phap hnh s ve ngoai giao,lanh s hoac theo thong le quoc te c giai quyet bang conng ngoai giao.- Nhng ngi c hng cac quyen ac mien t phaphnh s ve ngoai giao:

Nhng ngi ng au nha nc; Cac thanh viencua chnh phu;

Nhng ngi ng au cac c quan ngoai giao; Cac thanh vien cua oan ngoai giao nh ai s, tham

tan ai s, b th, tuy vien,v.v..(Cong c Vien 1961 ve ngoai giao va Phap lenh ve quyen uai, mien t danh cho c quan ai dien ngoai giao, c quan lanhs va c quan ai dien cua to chc quoc te tai VN ngay23/8/93).- Nhng ngi c hng cac quyen ac mien t phaphnh s ve lanh s

Tong lanh s, Pho tong lanh s. Lanh s, B th, Tuyvien lanh s

Cac nhan vien lanh s thc hien cong viec hanh chnh,ky thuat, phvu

28 Phap lenh ve quyen u ai quy nh: Vien chc lanh sva nhan vien lanh s khi thc hien chc nang cua mnh dchng quyen mien tr XX ve hnh s, tr t/h pham toi nghiemtrong(Cong c Vien 1963 ve quan he lanh s va Phap lenh ve

quyen u ai, mien t danh cho c quan ai dien ngoai giao, cquan lanh s va c quan ai dien cua to chc quoc te tai VNngay 23/8/93).- Nhng ngi c hng quyen u ai men tr ve tphap hnh s theo thong le quoc teV chong hoac con cha thanh nien cua nhng ngi ke trencung c hng quyen ac mien t phap hnh s

b. Hieu lc cua ao LHS oi vi hanh vi pham toi ngoai

lanh tho Viet Nam* Can c phap ly: ieu 6 BLHS

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* Nguyen tac chi phoi: nguyen tac quoc tch* Noi dung: Cong dan VN va ngi khong quoc tch thng tru tai VN

pham toi ngoai lanh tho VN co the b truy cu TNHS taiVN theo LHS VN

Ngi nc ngoai pham toi ngoai lanh tho VN co the btruy cu TNHS theo LHS VN neu TP ma ho thchien c qnh

trong ieu c Quoc te ma VN la thanh vien.2. Hieu lc theo thi gian.- Nguyen tac chung :

Khoan 1 ieu 7 BLHS quy nh: ieu luat c ap dung oi vimot hanh vi pham toi la ieu luat ang co hieu lc thi hanhtai thi iem ma hanh vi PT c thc hien ieu luat co hieu lc thi hanh

La ieu luat a bat au co hieu lc va cha cham dthieu lc thi hanh

Thi iem bat au co hieu lc Thi iem cham dt hieu lc

- Thi iem bat au co hieu lc cua ao LHS: T ngay Chu tch nc ky lenh cong bo chnh thc

tren cac phng tien thong tin ai chung hoac trongcong bao cua nha nc;

Do Ngh quyet rieng biet cua Quoc hoi quy nh- Thi iem cham dt hieu lc cua ao LHS

Khi co mot ao luat mi thay the; Het thi han thi hanh a ghi ro trong ieu luat; B huy bo bi quyet nh cua Quoc hoi

- Xac nh thi iem thc hien toi phamoi vi toi pham c thc hien trong mot khoang thi gian thtoan bo qua trnh thc hien TP la thi iem thc hien TP.ieu luat c ap dung la ieu luat ang co hieu lc thi hanhvao thi iem cuoi cung cua viec thc hien TP

IV.HIEU LC HOI TO TRONG LHS.NH NGHAHieu lc hoi to cua ao LHS la hieu lc cua mot ao LHS

mi c ap dung oi vi nhng toi pham a xay ra trc khiao luat o co hieu lc thi hanh. Nguyen tac chung

Ve nguyen tac, LHS khong ap dung hieu lc hoi to.The hien :

- ieu 2 BLHS Nguyen tac khong co luat khong co TP vaHP

Biet le:LHS ap dung hieu lc hoi to trong 2 trng hp

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- V ly do nhan ao: khi ao luat mi khoan hong hn- V muc ch can bao ve li ch cua Nha nc, XH, CD pham

toiVan e hieu lc hoi to cua BLHS 1999Khoan 2 ieu 7 BLHS quy nh: ieu luat khong co li cho ngiPT khong co hieu lc hoi toKhoan 3 ieu 7 BLHS quy nh: ieu luat co li cho ngi Ptco

hieu lc hoi to(Xem NQ32/QH ngay 21/12/1999 va TTLT01/2000 ngay 5/7/2000).

V - GIAI THCH AO LHS. nh ngha giai thch luat

Giai thch ao LHS la lam sang to mot cach chnh xac noidung va y ngha cua cac ieu luatCac loai giai thch ao LHS: Giai thch chnh thc:

La giai thch cua cac c quan, to chc c luat giao cho trachnhiem giai thch. UBTVQH c QH giao cho nhiem vu giai thchluat. Gia tr: co y ngha bat buoc oi vi tat ca cac c quannha nc va moi cong dan Giai thch cua cac c quan xet x

La giai thch cua TANDTC va TAND cac cap khi xet x cac vuan cu the.Giai thch luat cua TATC: co y ngha bat buoc oi vi cac TAtrong XX VAHS

Giai thch cua Toa an cac cap trong vu an cu the: co gia trbat buoc trong pham vi cua ban an. Giai thch co tnh chat khoa hoc

La giai thch cua cac luat gia, can bo nghien cu khoa hoc,can bo lam cong tac thc tien,v.v trongcac bai bao, cacbao cao khoa hoc, cac sach giao khoa.

Y ngha:Khong co gia tr bat buoc trong hoat ong ap dung PLCo tac dung trong s phat trien khoa hoc LHS va hoan thien

PLHS

Chng 3.TOI PHAM

I. Khai niem toi pham

II. Phan loai toi pham

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III. Toi pham va cac vi pham phap luat khacIV. Nguon goc va ban chat giai cap cua toi pham.I KHAI NIEM VE TOI PHAM1. CAC KIEU NH NGHA VE TOI PHAMCo hai kieu nh ngha ve toi pham: nh ngha hnh thc ve toi pham

Toi pham la hanh vi vi pham PLHSThe hien trong PLHS mot so ncBLHS Phap 1791 quy nh:Toi pham la hanh vi b Luat HS cam bang viec e doa ap dungHP.ieu 1 BLHS Thuy ien 1994 quy nh: Toi pham la hanhvi b x phat theo quy nh cua Bo luat nay va cac aoluat khac. nh ngha noi dung ve toi pham

Toi pham la hanh vi nguy hiem cho xa hoi, co loi, trai phapLHS va phai chu hnh phat.nh ngha toi pham theo BLHS 1999Khoan 1 ieu 8 BLHS : Toi pham la hanh vi nguy hiem cho xahoi c qui nh trong BLHS, do ngi co nang lc TNHS thchien mot cach co y hoac vo y, xam pham oc lap, chuquyen, thong nhat, toan ven lanh tho To quoc, xam pham cheo chnh tr, che o kinh te, nen van hoa, quoc phong, an ninh,trat t an toan xa hoi, quyen, li ch hp phap cua to chc,

xam pham tnh mang, sc khoe, danh d, nhan pham, t do, taisan, cac quyen, li ch hp phap cua cong dan, xam phamnhng lnh vc khac cua trat t phap luat XHCN.

2. CAC AC IEM CUA TOI PHAMa. Tnh nguy hiem cho xa hoi cua toi pham* nh ngha:

Tnh nguy hiem cho xa hoi cua toi pham c the hien cho gay thiet hai hoac e doa gay thiet hai ang ke cho cac

quan he xa hoi c LHS bao ve.* Tnh nguy hiem cho xa hoi cua toi pham la thuoc tnh c ban

cua toi pham va mang tnh khach quan* Cac can c xac nh tnh nguy hiem cua toi pham:- Tnh chat cua quan he xa hoi c LHS bao ve va b toi

pham xam hai.- Tnh chat cua hanh vi khach quan, trong o bao gom ca tnh

chat cua phng phap, thu oan, cong cu va phng tienpham toi.

- Mc o nghiem trong cua hau qua do toi pham gay ra.- Hnh thc, dang va mc o loi.

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- ong c, muc ch pham toi;- Hoan canh kinh te, chnh tr, xa hoi luc va ni hanh vi pham

toi xay ra.- Nhan than ngi co hanh vi pham toi.- Cac tnh tiet giam nhe, tang nang trach nhiem hnh s (TNHS).b. Tnh co loi cua toi pham* Khai niem loi: Loi la thai o tam ly cua mot ngi oi vi

hanh vi nguy hiem cho xa hoi va oi vi hau qua do hanh vio gay ra c the hien di hnh thc co y hoac vo y.Mot hanh vi b coi la co loi neu no la ket qua cua s t lachon cua chu the ve viec thc hien 1 hanh vi trai PL khi ho cothe la chon mot x s khac phu hp vi PL* Tai sao loi la dau hieu bat buoc cua toi pham?V xuat phat t quan niem muc ch cua HP la cai hoa ngi PTnen viec ap dung bien phap cng che HS ch co y ngha khimot ngi a co loi trong viec thc hien 1 TP. Chnh yeu to nay

la ieu kien tien e cho qua trnh cai hoa ngi PT. Ngi PTch co the chap nhan s giao duc cua XH ch khi ho co loitrong viec thc hien 1 hanh vi nguy hiem cho XH.

Trong thc tien cung co the gap mot so t/h khong co loi trongviec gay thiet ha cho XH. T/h nay khong b coi la TPc. Tnh trai phap LHS* Bieu hien cua tnh trai PLHS

Toi pham la hanh vi vi pham PLHSKhoan 2 ieu 11 Tuyen ngon toan the gii ve nhanquyen quy nh: Khong ai b ket an v mot hanh vima luc ho thc hien luat quoc gia hay quoc tekhong coi la toi pham.

ieu 2 BLHS VN quy nh: Ch ngi nao pham mottoi a c BLHS quy nh mi phai chu TNHS.

* Tai sao tnh trai phap luat la mot trong nhng aciem cua toi pham?- Bao am cho ng loi au tranh phong chong TP c thong

nhat- Bao am cho quyen chnh ang cong dan, tranh kha nang

x ly tuy tien cac vi pham t pha c quan tien hanh to tung* Moi quan he gia tnh trai phap luat va tnh nguy hiemcho xa hoiLa quan he gia hanh thc va noi dung, trong o tnh trai PLHSla hnh thc phap ly cua tnh nguy hiem cho XH.d. Tnh phai chu hnh phat* Cac quan iem khac nhau ve tnh phai chu hnh phat.- Y kien 1 : Tnh phai chu HP khong phai la ac iem cua TP

- Y kien 2 : Tnh phai chu HP la ac iem cua TP

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Moi quan he gia cac ac iem trong viec xac nhtoi pham3. Y NGHA CUA KHAI NIEM VE TOI PHAM* The hien ban chat cua LHS* La c s khoa hoc e quy nh cac che nh khac trong PhanChung BLHS* La c s khoa hoc e quy nh cac toi pham cu the.

* La c s e phan biet toi pham vi cac vi pham phap luatkhac.

II PHAN LOAI TOI PHAM nh ngha ve phan loai toi pham

Phan loai toi pham la phan chia cac toi pham c qui nh trongBLHS thanh cac nhom (loai) khac nhau da tren nhng can c

xac nh nham vao nhng muc ch nhat nh.Quy nh cua blhs 1999 ve phan loai toi pham

Khoan 3 ieu 8 BLHS quy nh:Can c phan loai toi pham theo ieu 8 BLHS* Can c vao tnh chat va mc o nguy hiem cho xa hoi cuatoi pham.* Can c vao che tai: mc toi a cua KHP quy nh oi vi toipham oCac loai toi pham theo ieu 8 BLHSLOAI TOI PHAM CAN C VAO

MC O NGUY

HIEM CHO XH

CAN C VAO MCCAO NHAT CUA KHP

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Toi t nghiemtrong

Gay nguy haikhong ln cho XH

Mc cao nhat cua KHPquy nh /v TP o en 3

nam tu1.Gay nguy hai ln

cho XHMc cao nhat cua KHPquy nh /v TP o en 7nam tu

2. Gay nguy hairat lncho XH

Mc cao nhat cua KHPquy nh /v TP o en15 nam tu

3.Gay nguy hai acbiet ln cho XH

Mc cao nhat cua KHPquy nh /v TP o tren15 nam tu, tu chungthan hoac t hnh

Y ngha cua s phan loai toi pham theo ieu 8 BLHSCo y ngha trong viec cu the hoa chnh sach hnh s trong x ly

toi phamLa c s phap ly cho viec xac nh toi phamLa cs phap ly cho viec ap dung hnh phat va cac bien phap

x ly hnh s khac.La c s phap ly cho viec ap dung nhieu quy nh cua phap

luat to tung hnh s nh: tam giam, bat ngi trong trng hpkhan cap

III.TOI PHAM VA CAC VI PHAM PHAP LUAT KHACPhan biet toi pham vi cac vi pham phap luat khac:- Ve noi dung: toi pham co tnh nguy hiem ang ke cho xa hoi;cac vi pham phap luat khac co tnh nguy hiem cho xa hoi chaang ke.- Ve hnh thc phap ly: toi pham c quy nh trong BLHS; cac

VPPL khac c quy nh trong cac van ban phap luat khac.- Ve hau qua phap ly: toi pham phai chu hnh phat; cac VPPLkhac phai chu cac bien phap cng che khac nhng khongphai la hnh phat.

IV. NGUON GOC VA BAN CHAT GIAI CAP CUA TOI PHAM.1. Nguon goc cua toi phamCac quan niem ve nguon goc cua toi pham

Thuyet nhan chung hoc ve nguon goc cua toi pham(Lomborozo, Fred)

Thuyet xa hoi hoc sinh hoc (Franc List) Thuyet tam ly hocQuan niem mac xt ve nguon goc cua toi pham

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Toi pham la san pham cua XH phat trien en mot giai oannhat nh

Toi pham la hien tng XH co tnh lch s

CHNG 4CAU THANH TOI PHAM

I. Cac yeu to cua toi pham.

II. Cau thanh toi pham.III. Y ngha cua cau thanh toi pham.

I CAC YEU TO CUA TOI PHAMLAM QUEN VI 3 TRNG HP SAU

1. A la nam 24 tuoi,a co y gay thng tch cho ngikhac vi TT 25%2. B la n 42 tuoi, a bien thu cong quy tr gia 25trieu ong

3. C la nam 19 tuoi a vo y gay tai nan giao thong lam 1ngi chetCHU THE CUA TP

Ngi thc hien TP

MAT KHACH QUAN CUA TP MAT CHU QUAN CUATPBieu hien ben ngoai cua TP Bieu hien ben

trong cua TP(hanh vi, hau qua, quan he NQ, cac TT khac) Loi, mucch, ong c PT

KHACH THE CUA TPoi tng b toi pham xam hai

II. CAU THANH TOI PHAM.

1. nh ngha cau thanh toi phamCTTP la tong hp nhng dau hieu chung co tnh chat ac trngcho mot loai toi pham cu the c qui nh trong LHS.

2. Cac ac iem dau hieu cua cau thanh toipham

- Cac dau hieu cua CTTP eu do luat nhNguyen tac:- Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege ngha la khong co co toi,

khong co hnh phat neu khong co luat. (ieu 2 BLHS)

ieu 8 BLHS quy nh: Toi pham la hanh vi c quy nh trongBLHS

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- Cac dau hieu cua cau thanh toi pham co tnh actrng.Co ngha la trong s ket hp vi nhau, nhng dau hieu nayva phan anh c ay u ban chat nguy hiem cho xahoi cua loai toi pham nhat nh va u can thiet cho phepphan biet toi nay vi toi khac.- Cac dau hieu cua CTTP co tnh bat buoc.

e ket luan hanh vi cua ngi pham toi cu the oi hoi phaixac nh hanh vi c thc hien a thoa man nhng dauhieu cua CTTP.3. Phan loai CTTPa. Phan loai theo mc o nguy hiem cho xa hoi cua hanhvi pham toi c CTTP phan anh:- CTTP c ban: la CTTP ch co dau hieu nh toi dau hieu

mo ta toi pham va cho phep phan biet toi nayvi toi khac.

- CTTP tang nang: la CTTP ma ngoai nhng dau hieu nh toicon co nhng dau hieu nh khungtang nang- CTTP giam nhe:la cau thanh toi pham ma ngoai nhng dauhieu nh toi con co nhng dau hieu nh khung giam nhe

Y ngha cach phan loai da vao mc o nguy hiem*Trong hoat ong xay dng phap luat (Lap phap).*Trong hoat ong ap dung phap luat.b. Phan loai theo ac iem cau truc cua CTTP:

c yeuto TP

Cau thanh vatchat

Cau thanhhnh thc

Cau thanhcat xen

Khachthe

Quan he XH b TPxh

Quan he XH bTP xh

Quan he XH bTP xh

t khachquan

Hanh vi nguyhiem

Hau qua nguyhiem

QHNQ gia h/v vaHQ

V. Hanh vinguyhiem

Mot phan cuahanh vi thc te

at chuquan

Loicoyhoacvoy

Loicoyhoacvoy

Loicoyhoacvoy

hu thecua TP

Ngithc

Ngithc

Ng

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hien TP hien TP ith

chien

TP

C s quy nh toi pham co cau truc khac nhau- Tnh nguy hiem cho XH cua hanh vi

Thiet hai vat chat- Tnh chat cua s thiet hai

Thiet hai phi vat chatY ngha cua cach phan loai theo cau truc cttp

* Cach thc Nha nc s dung e phan hoa TNHS.* Tao c s phap ly thong nhat trong viec xac nh thi iemhoan thanh toi pham

4. Moi quan he gia tp va cau thanh- La moi quan he gia hien tng va khai niem- La moi quan he gia noi dung va hnh thc phap ly cua toi

pham.

III - Y NGHA CUA CAU THANH TOI PHAM- Cau thanh toi pham la c s phap ly cua trach nhiem hnhs.- CTTP la can c phap ly e nh toi.

CHNG 5KHACH THE CUA TOI PHAM

I. Khach the cua toi pham.II. oi tng tac ong cua toi pham.I. KHACH THE CUA TOI PHAM. Khai niemnh ngha khach the cua toi pham Phan tch Y nghaKhach the cua toi pham la oi tng c LHS bao ve va b TP

xam haiPhan biet oi tng bao ve cua LHSvi oi tng ieu chnhcua LHS

nh nghaKhach the cua toi pham la quan he xa hoi c LHS baove va b toi pham xam hai. Phan tchKhach the cua toi pham la:* Quan he XH

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Khi nam chnh quyen, g/c thong tr eu xac lap, bao ve, cungco va thuc ay s phat trien nhng QHXH phu hp vi lich cua g/cNha nc dung en PL trong o co LHS e bao ve he thong

QHXH o bang cach:- Tren c s noi dung li ch g/c, Nha nc xac nh QHXH canbao ve bang PLHS

- Nha nc quy nh TP la hanh vi nguy hiem cho he thongQHXH ma Nha nc dung LHS e bao veToi pham la hanh vi xam hai en QHXH ma Nha nc muon

bao veoi tng b toi pham xam hai la QHXH c Nha nc bao

ve* c LHS bao ve- Khong phai moi QH trong i song XH eu la oi tng bao

ve cua LHS.

- LHS ch bao ve mot so QHXH c ghi nhan trong BLHS. (ieu1 BLHS va ieu 8 BLHS).* B toi pham xam haiY ngha cua khach the cua toi pham.- Y ngha chnh tr: Lam ro ban chat giai cap cua LHS, banchat chong oi xa hoi cua toi pham.-Y ngha lap phap hnh s: La c s e xay dng Phan cactoi pham BLHS.- Y ngha ap dung PLHS:

+ La mot trong bon yeu to CTTP - la dau hieu e nhtoi.+ Khach the cua toi pham la mot trong nhng yeu to

quyet nh tnh nguy hiem cho xa hoi.2. Cac loai khach the cua toi pham.a. Khach the chung cua toi pham Khach the chung cua toi pham la tong hp cac QHXH

c LHS bao ve khoi s xam hai cua toi pham. Qui nh tai ieu 1 va ieu 8 BLHS.

Y ngha chnh tr : phan anh ban chat giai cap cua LHS,mot phan chnh sach HS cua Nha ncb. Khach the loai cua toi pham Khach the loai cua toi pham la nhom QHXH co cung tnh

chat c nhom cac qui pham phap LHS bao ve khoi sxam hai cua nhom toi pham.

Quy nh tai moi chng Phan Cac toi pham BLHS Yngha lap phap HS: la c s e xay dng Phan Cac

toi pham thanh tng chng.

c. Khach the trc tiep cua toi pham

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Khach the trc tiep cua toi pham la quan he xa hoi cuthe b loai toi pham cu the trc tiep xam hai.

- QHXH cu the: la QHXH the hien ro nhat ban chat nghiemcho XH cua TP

- Moi TP thng co 1 khach the trc tiep. Mot so t toi conhieu hn. Quy nh trong CTTP cu the

Y ngha cua khach the trc tiep- La yeu to the hien c ay u ban chat nguy hiem choxa hoi cua hanh vi.

- La can c e gop hoac tach nhng loai hanh vi nguy hiemcho xa hoi cu the vao mot hoac nhieu toi danh va xepchung vao nhng chng nhat nh trong BLHS.La c s e nh toi danh.

II. OI TNG TAC ONG CUA TOI PHAM.

1. Khai niem ve oi tng tac ong cua toi phamoi tng tac ong cua toi pham la mot bo phan cuakhach the cua toi pham, b hanh vi pham toi tac ong en egay thiet hai hoac e doa gay thiet hai cho cac QHXH la khachthe bao ve cua luat hnh.

Cac bo phan cua khach theKhach the cua TP = QHXH gom 3 bo phan:- Chu the cua QHXH- Noi dung cua QHXH la hoat ong cua chu the khi tham gia

vao cac QHXH (quyen va ngha vu cua cac chu the trongcac QHXH)- oi tng cua QHXH la cac s vat khac nhau cung nh cac

li ch ma qua o cac QHXH phat sinh va ton tai (Hnh thcvat chat cua QHXH).

Mot so loai oi tng tac ong cua toi phamCon ngi Cac oi tng vat chat. Hoat ong bnh thng

cua chu the QHXHCHU Y:

- Can nam vng c che xam hai en khach the cua TP thongqua viec tac ong en moi loai oi tng tac ong cua TP- Phan biet oi tng tac ong cua toi pham vi khach thecua toi pham.y ngha cua oi tng tac ong cua toi pham

- Y ngha nh toi. - Y ngha nh khung hnh phat.- Y ngha quyet nh hnh phat.

MAT KHACH QUAN CUA TOI PHAMI. Khai niem.

II. Hanh vi khach quan cua toi pham.III. Hau qua nguy hiem cho xa hoi.IV. Van e quan he nhan qua trong LHS.

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V. Nhng noi dung bieu hien khac cua mat khach quan cua toipham.

I. KHAI NIEM MAT KHACH QUAN CUA TOI PHAM1. Khai niemnh ngha : MKQ cua toi pham la mat ben ngoai cua toi

pham, bao gom nhng bieu hien cua toi pham dien ra va ton

tai ben ngoai the gii khach quan.MKQ cua toi pham bao gom :1. Hanh vi nguy hiem cho xa hoi2. Hau qua nguy hiem cho xa hoi3. Moi quan he nhan qua gia hanh vi va hau qua4. Cac ieu kien ben ngoai cua viec thc hien toi pham nh :

thi gian, a iem, phng tien, cong cu thc hien toi pham.v.v . . .

Y ngha cua moi dau hieu

2. Y ngha cua mat khach quan cua toi pham.- Y ngha nh toi.- Y ngha nh khung hnh phat.- Y ngha quyet nh hnh phat.- Y ngha trong viec xac nh mat chu quan cua TP, trc het laxac nh loi va anh gia mc o loi cua ngi pham toi.

II. HANH VI KHACH QUAN CUA TOI PHAM. nh ngha

Khai niem hanh vi PT c hieu tren 2 ngha: rong vahepNgha rong: TP Ngha hep: dau hieu cua MKQHanh vi khach quan c hieu la nhng x s cu the cua conngi c the hien ra the gii khach quan di nhng hnhthc nhat nh, gay ra thiet hai hoac e doa gay thiet hai chocac QHXH c LHS bao ve

Hay noi cach khac Hanh vi khach quan la nhng bieu hiencua con ngi ra ben ngoai the gii khach quan ma matthc te cua no c y thc kiem soat va s ieukhien cua y chHanh vi c kiem soat bi y ch co ngha la: the hien snhan thc cua con ngi ve y ngha XH cua hanh vi nhanthc c hanh vi cua mnh thc hien la nguy hiem cho XH.Hanh vi c ieu khien cua y ch ngha la viec thc hienhanh vi o la ket qua cua s t do la chon x s cua chuthe.Cac ac iem cua hanh vi khach quan.

- Hanh vi khach quan cua toi pham phai co tnh nguy hiemcho xa hoi

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- Hanh vi khach quan cua toi pham phai la hanh vi traiphap LHS

- Hanh vi khach quan cua toi pham la hoat ong coy thc va co y ch

Phan tch: Bieu hien cua con ngi c coi la hanh vi khi x s

cua con ngi co s tham gia cua y thc va y ch.

- Nhng bieu hien cua con ngi the hien ra the gii khachquan nhng chu the khong the nhan thc va ieu khien choac tuy nhan thc c nhng khong ieu khien c thkhong c coi la hanh vi trong ngha phap ly HS

LHS phan biet cac trng hpMC O KIEM SOAT CUA Y THC

VA Y CHMC

O TNHS1. Hanh vi c thc hien trong s kiem

soat hoan toan cua y thc va y ch

TNHS

tronven2. Hanh vi c thc hien tuy trong s kiemsoat cua y thc va y ch nhng mco han che v nguyen nhan khach quan

TNHS hanche

3. Bieu hien cua con ngi ra the giikhach quan nam ngoai s kiem soat cuay thc va y ch

TNHS cloai tr

Cac trng hp bieu hien cua con ngi khong coila hanh vi trong ngha phap ly hnh s Bieu hien cua con ngi khong co s chu nh nh

phan xa khong ieu kien, mong du, phan ngtrong tnh trang choang v.v..

Bieu hien cua con ngi trong tnh trang b roi loantinh than nghiem trong lam mat kha nang nhanthc va ieu khien hanh vi

Bieu hien cua con ngi trong tnh trang bat kha

khang Bieu hien cua con ngi trong tnh trang b cng

bc *Cac trng hp cng bc

Cng bc than the la t/h dung bao lc vat chat tacong len than the cua ngi khac (giam, troi), khienngi nay khong the hanh ong theo y muon cua hoc. T/h nay TNHS c loai tr.

Cng bc tinh than la t/h dung li noi hoac bang

cach nao khac e doa, uy hiep tinh than, tac ong en

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y ch ngi khac, nham buoc ho phai lam hoac khongc lam 1 viec g o. TNHS tuy thuoc tng t/h.

3. Cac hnh thc the hien cua hanh vi khach quanHanh ong pham toi la hnh thc bieu hien cua hanh vipham toi lam bien oi tnh trang bnh thng cua oi tng tacong, gay thiet hai hoac e doa gay thiet hai cho khach the qua

viec chu the a lam mot viec b phap luat cam.Khong hanh ong pham toi la hnh thc bieu hien cuahanh vi khach quan lam bien oi tnh trang bnh thng cua oitng tac ong cua toi pham, gay thiet hai hoac e doa gaythiet hai cho khach the cua toi pham qua viec chu the khonglam mot viec ma phap luat yeu cau phai lam mac du cou ieu kien e lam.

2 ieu kien xac dnh khong hanh ong PT:- ieu kien 1 : Co ngha vu phap ly thc hien cong viecnhat nh.o Do PL quy nho Do c quan co tham quyen quyet nh tren c s ap

dung PLo Gan lien vi chc nang nghe nghiep do PL quy nho Phat sinh t hp ongo Phat sinh t x s trc o cua chu the

- ieu kien 2: Co kha nang va ieu kien e thc hienngha vu phap luat cua mnh nhng ho a khong thchien.

4. CAC DANG CAU TRUC AC BIET CUA HANH VI KHACHQUAN.- Toi ghep : La toi ma mat khach quan cua no c hnhthanh bi nhieu hanh vi khach quan khac nhau xay ra ongthi, xam hai cac khach the khac nhau.

- Toi keo dai : La toi pham ma hanh vi khach quan co khanang dien ra khong gian oan trong khoang thi gian dai.- Toi lien tuc : la toi pham co hanh vi khach quan bao gomnhieu hanh vi cung loai xay ra ke tiep nhau ve mat thi gian,

xam hai cung mot khach the va eu b chi phoi bi y nhpham toi cu the thong nhat.Can phan biet toi lien tuc vi t/h pham toi nhieu lanPham toi nhieu lan la thc hien mot TP ma trc o chuthe a PT o t nhat la 1 lan va cha b XX

III. HAU QUA NGUY HIEM CHO XA HOIo NH NGHA.

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Hau qua cua toi pham la thiet hai do hanh vi pham toigay ra cho quan he xa hoi la khach the bao ve cua LHS.

Thiet hai gay ra cho khach the the hien qua s bien oi tnhtrang bnh thng cua cac bo phan cau thanh QHXH la KT cua

TPo CAC LOAI HAU QUA CUA TOI PHAM

Vat the => Thiet

hai ve vat chatKT cua TP = QHXH => Chu the cua QH => Thiethai ve the chat

Hoat ong cua chu the => Thiethai ve tinh than

Thiet hai ve vat chat : s bien oi tnh trang bnh thngcua oi tng vat chat la TS.

- o la thiet hai ve tai san- Mc o thiet hai TS thng c xac nh theo tr

giatai san quy ra tien Thiet hai ve the chat : la s bien oi tnh trang bnh

thng cua thc the t nhien cua con ngui (than the cuacon ngi)

- o la thiet hai ve tnh mang, sc khoeo thiet haic xac nh bi so lng ngi b thiet mang hoacy le thng tat cua ngi b hai

Thiet hai ve tinh than : la s bien dang x s cua con

ngi.- o la nhng thiet hai ve nhan pham, danh d, t docua con ngi, thiet hai ve an ninh, chnh tr.

- Mc o cua s thiet hai c anh gia thong qua hoatong t duy cua con ngi nen thng mang tnh tngoi.

3. Y NGHA CUA HAU QUA CUA TOI PHAMHau qua nguy hiem cho XH co noi dung va y ngha khong giong

nhau trong cac CTTP khac nhau- Y ngha nh toi hoac xac nh toi pham hoan thanh.- Y ngha nh khung hnh phat. - Y ngha quyet nh hnh phat.

IV. VAN E QUAN HE NHAN QUA TRONG LHS1. NH NGHAMoi quan he nhan qua trong LHS c hieu la moi lien hegia mot hien tng la hanh vi khach quan nguy hiem cho xahoi ong vai tro la nguyen nhan vi mot hien tng la hau

qua nguy hiem cho xa hoi ong vai tro la ket qua.2. Y NGHA CUA MOI QUAN HE NHAN QUA- Y ngha nh toi. - Y ngha nh khung hnh phat.

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- Y ngha quyet nh hnh phat.

3. CAC CAN C XAC NH MOI QUAN HE NHAN QUA Hanh vi trai phap luat phainguy hiem cho XH, trai PLHS

va xay ra trc hau qua nguy hiem cho xa hoi ve matthi gian.

Gia hanh vi va HQ phai co moi quan he noi tai va tat

yeuQuan he noi tai: Hanh vi trai phap luat oc lap trong moilien he tong hp vi mot hoac nhieu hien tng khac phaicha ng kha nang thc te lam phat sinh hau qua nguy hiemcho xa hoi. Trong hanh vi a cha kha nang phat sinh HQ

Quan he tat yeu: Hau qua nguy hiem a xay ra phaiung la s hien thc hoa kha nang thc te lam phat

sinh hau qua cua hanh vi nguy hiem cho xa hoi. HQ phan anh xu the phat trien cua hanh vi

4. CAC DANG MOI QUAN HE NHAN QUAQuan he nhan qua n trc tiepLa dang quan he nhan qua trong o ch co mot hanh vi trai

phap luat ong vai tro la nguyen nhan trc tiep gay ra hauqua nguy hiem cho xa hoi.Quan he nhan qua kep trc tiep

La dang quan he nhan qua trong o co nhieu hanh vi traiphap luat cung ong vai tro la nguyen nhan e gay ra hauqua nguy hiem cho xa hoi.Dang quan he nay co the co nhng trng hp sau :

+ Trng hp 1 : moi hanh vi trai phap luat a co khanang thc te trc tiep lam phat sinh ra hau qua.

+ Trng hp 2 : Moi hanh vi trai phap luat eu cha cokha nang thc te lam phat sinh hau qua. Kha nang nay chhnh thanh khi cac hanh vi o co s ket hp vi nhau.

V. NHNG NOI DUNG BIEU HIEN KHAC CUA MAT KHACHQUAN CUA TOI PHAM.- Phng tien pham toi : la nhng oi tng c chu thecua toi pham s dung e thc hien hanh vi pham toi cua mnh.Cong cu pham toi la mot dang cu the cua phng tien phamtoi.- Phng phap, thu oan pham toi la cach thc thc hienhanh vi pham toi, trong o bao gom cach thc s dung cong cu,

phng tien pham toi.- Thi gian pham toi : la mot thi iem hoac mot khoan thigian nhat nh trong o hanh vi pham toi c dien ra.

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- a iem pham toi : la mot gii han lanh tho nhat nhtren o toi pham bat au, ket thuc hoac o hau qua cuatoi pham xay ra.

CHNG 7CHU THE CUA TOI PHAM

I. Khai niem

II. Cac dau hieu chu the cua toi phamIII. Chu the ac biet cua toi phamIV. Van e nhan than ngi pham toi trong LHS

I KHAI NIEM CHU THE CUA TOI PHAM1. NH NGHA CHU THE CUA TOI PHAM

Chu the cua toi pham la ngi co nang lcTNHS, at o tuoi luat nh va a thc hien hanhvi pham toi cu the.

VI. Chu y: can phan biet chu the cua toi pham vichu he cua quan he PLHS2. PHAN TCH

* Theo LHS Viet Nam, chu the cua toi pham ch la ca nhan.* Chu the cua toi pham phai la ng co nang lc TNHS va ato tuoi luat nh.* Van e TNHS cua ngi ai dien cua phap nhan thc hien TPv li ch cua phap nhan

- Theo luat hien hanh Theo PLHS cua mot so nc khac

Tai sao chu the cua toi pham la ca nhanXuat phat t :* Quan niem hanh vi PT la mot dang hong co ythc va y ch .* Quan niem muc ch cua hnh phat la nham caihoa ngi PT. Ch co con ngi mi co kha nangtiep nhan s cai hoa cua XH, v the muc ch HP miat c.

Chu the cua toi pham phai :

- co nang lc chu TNHS va- at en o tuoi luat nh

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Bi:Nang lc chu TNHS va tuoi chu TNHS la ieu kien tien e etha nhan mot ngi co loi trong viec thc hien mot hanh vinguy hiem cho XH

TNHS cua ai dien cua phap nhan PT v li ch cuaphap nhan

* Theo PLHS VN hien hanh* Theo PLHS mot so nc khac nh My, Anh, Phap, Uc, NhatBan, Singapore, Trung Quoc.

o Y NGHA CUA CHU THE CUA TOI PHAMY ngha quan trong:

- Trong viec phan biet cac trng hp pham toi va khongpham toi

- Trong viec nh toi, phan biet toi nay vi toi khac (chuthe ac biet).

II CAC DAU HIEU CHU THE CUA TOI PHAM1. NANG LC TRACH NHIEM HNH Snh ngha ve nang lc TNHS Tnh trang khong co nang lc

TNHSNang lc TNHS trong tnh trang say do dung ru hoac dung chatkch thch manh khac nh nghaNang lc TNHS lakha nang cua mot ngi thi iem

thc hien hanh vi nguy hiem cho xa hoinhan thc ctnh nguy hiem cho xa hoi cua hanh vi cua mnh vaieukhien c hanh vi o.Ngi co nang lc TNHS la ngi khong ri vao tnh trangkhong co nang lc TNHS theo quy nh tai ieu 13 BLHS. Tnh trang khong co nang lc chu tnhsieu 13 BLHS quy nh: Ngi thc hien hanh vi nguyhiem cho xa hoi trong khi ang mac benh tam thanhoac mot benh khac lam mat kha nang nhan thc

hoac kha nang ieu khien hanh vi cua mnh, th khongphai chu TNHS.Tieu chuan xac nh tnh trang khong co nang lc chu tnhsNgi trong tnh trang khong co nang lc TNHS phai co2 tchuan sau :

* Tieu chuan y hoc: Phai la ngi mac benh tam thanhoac mot benh khac lam roi loan tam than* Tieu chuan tam ly (phap ly): Tnh trang roi loan tinhthan phai tram trong en mc ri vao mot trong cac

trng hp sau:- Mat kha nang nhan thc tnh chat XH cua hanh vi- Mat kha nang ieu khien hanh vi

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Chu y: Ngi mac benh tam than khong ri vao mot trong hait/h neu tren th van phai chu TNHS do hanh vi nguy hiem ma hothc hien. Tnh trang benh tat la tnh tiet giam nhe TNHS Nang lc TNHS trong tnh trang say do dung ru hoac chat

kch thchieu 14 BLHS quy nh: Ngi pham toi trong tnh trangsay do dung ru hoac dung chat kch thch manh khac,

th van phai chu TNHS.Tai sao ngi pham toi trong tnh trang say do dung ru hoacdung chat kch thch manh khac van phai chu TNHS?

2.TUOI CHU TRACH NHIEM HNH S C s quy nh tuoi chu TNHS

* Trnh o phat trien tam, sinh ly cua ngi cha thanhnien cua moi quoc gia* Chnh sach x ly ngi cha thanh nien pham toi cua

moi quoc gia. Tuoi chu TNHS theo ieu 12 BLHS 1999"1. Ngi t u 16 tuoi tr len phai chu TNHS ve moi toi

pham.2. Ngi t u 14 tuoi tr len, nhng cha u 16 tuoi phai

chu TNHS ve toi pham rat nghiem trong do co y hoac toi phamac biet nghiem trong." Cach tnh tuoi chu TNHS

* Theo giay khai sinh tnh theo tuoi tron (theo ngay sinh)

* Khong co giay khai sinh:- Xac dnh c thang va nam sinh th ngay cuoi

cung cua thang la ngay sinh- Xac nh ch c nam sinh th ngay cuoi cung cua

nam sinh la ngay sinh(Xem Ngh Quyet 02 ngay 05.01.1986 cua HTP TANDTC).

Tuoi chu tnhs theo PLHS cua mot so ncAge of criminal responsibility

Minimum age at which children are subject to penal law in countries with

10 million or more children under 18 years oldMexico *6-12 Bangladesh 7 India 7Myanmar 7 Sudan 7 Indonesia 8Nigeria 7 Tanzania 7 Kenya 8Pakistan 7 Thailand 7 UK (Scotland) 8South Africa 7 United States **7 Ethiopia 9Nepal 10 Turkey 11 Iran ***9UK (England) 10 Korea, Rep. 12 Philippines 9UK (Wales) 10 Morocco 12 China 14

Ukraine 10 Uganda 12 Germany 14Algeria 13 Poland 13 Italy 14

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France 13 Uzbekistan 13 Japan 14Egypt 15 Brazil ****18 Russian 14Argentina 16 Colombia ****18 Viet Nam 14

Peru****1

8

*Most states 11 or 12 years; age 11 for federal crimes.

**Age determined by state, minimum age is 7 in most statesunder common law.***Age 9 for girls, 15 for boys.****Official age of criminal responsibility, from age 12 children'sactions are subject to juvenile legal proceedings.Sources: CRC Country Reports (1992-1996);Juvenile Justice and

Juvenile Delinquency in Central and Eastern Europe, 1995; UnitedNations, Implementation of UN Mandates on Juvenile Justice inESCAP, 1994; Geert Cappelaere, Children's Rights Centre,

University of Gent, Belgium.Nguon : http://www.unicef.org/pon97/p56a.htm

III. CHU THE AC BIET CUA TOI PHAM nh ngha:

Chu the ac biet cua toi pham la ngi ngoai cac dau hieucua chu the thng (co nang lc TNHS va at o tuoi chu

TNHS) con co them dau hieu ac biet. Mot so ac iem ve nhan than cua chu the acbiet:

- Cac ac iem lien quan en chc vu, quyen han.- Cac ac iem lien quan en nghe nghiep, tnh chat

cong viec.- Cac ac iem lien quan en ngha vu phai thc hien.- Cac ac iem ve tuoi.- Cac ac iem ve gii tnh.

- Cac ac iem ve quan he gia nh, ho hang v.v..Y ngha cua dau hieu cua chu the ac biet- La dau hieu nh toi khi CTTP c ban cua toi pham quy nh

chu the ac biet.- La dau hieu nh khung hnh phat trong khi CTTP nh khung quy

nh.Chu y: Trong cac vu an ong pham, dau hieu chu the acbiet ch oi hoi bat buoc oi vi ngi thc hanh. Nhngngi ong pham khac khong bat buoc phai co dau hieu cua

chu the ac biet.IV. VAN E NHAN THAN NGI PHAM TOI TRONG LHS

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nh ngha:Nhan than ngi pham toi trong LHS la tong hp cac ac iemrieng biet cua ngi pham toi co y ngha trong viec giai quyetung an van e TNHS cua ho. Cac ac iem cua nhan than ngi pham toi nhng

ac iem :- Phan anh dau hieu cua chu the ac biet cua toi

pham.- Phan anh mc o nguy hiem cho xa hoi cua hanh vi

pham toi thong qua anh hng en mc o loi cuangi pham toi.

- Phan anh kha nang tiep nhan s cai tao, giao duc.- Phan anh hoan canh ac biet cua ngi PT ang c

khoan hongY ngha cua viec nghien cu nhan than ngi pham

toi:

- Y ngha nh toi.- Y ngha nh khung hnh phat.- Y ngha quyet nh hnh phat.

CHNG 8. MAT CHU QUAN CUA TOI PHAMI. Khai niem.II. Loi.III. ong c va muc ch pham toiIV. Sai lam va anh hng cua sai lam oi vi TNHS

I - KHAI NIEM nh ngha

Mat chu quan cua toi pham la mat ben trong cua toi pham, lathai o tam ly cua ngi pham toi oi vi hanh vi nguy hiemcho xa hoi do ho thc hien va hau qua do hanh vi o gay ra.Mat chu quan cua toi pham bao gom cac dau hieu: loi, ongc va muc ch pham toi.Y ngha cua mat chu quan cua toi pham- Y ngha nh toi. -Y ngha quyet nh hnh phat.

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II. LOI1. Khai niem ve loia. Khai niem chung ve loiLoi c xem xet di 2 kha canh:Kha canh xa hoi: hanh vi gay thiet hai cho xa hoi b coi laco loi neu hanh vi o la ket qua cua s t la chon cua ho

trong khi co u ieu kien khach quan va chu quan e la chonva thc hien x s khac phu hp vi oi hoi cua xa hoi.Kha canh tam ly (phap ly): Loi la thai o cua con ngioi vi hanh vi nguy hiem cho XH cua mnh va oi vi hau quado h vi o gay ra c bieu hien di hnh thc co y hoac vo

yNoi dung cua loi

Trang thai tam ly cua con ngi bao gom 3 yeu to:- Ly tr (y thc) - Y ch - Tnh cam

Noi dung cua loi gom:oi vi hanh vi: s nhan thc ve t/c nguyhiem cua h/v

- Ly tr:oi vi hau qua: s nhan thc kha nang

phat sinh hau qua

- Y ch: nang lc ieu khien hanh vi, mong hay khong mongthc hien hanh vi, hau qua cua hanh vi

Gii thieu cac hnh thc loiCan c vao ac iem cau truc tam ly cua yeu to ly trva y ch co hai hnh thc: co y va vo y.- Loi co y gom 2 loai: + Co y trc tiep + Co y

gian tiep- Loi vo y gom 2 loai: + Vo y v qua t tin + Vo y v

cau tha2. CACLOAI LOI

a. Loi co y trc tiep (Khoan 1 ieu 9 BLHS) N: Co y trc tiep la loi cua ngi khi thc hien hanh vi

nguy hiem cho xa hoi, nhan thc ro hanh vi cua mnh languy hiem cho xa hoi, thay trc hau qua cua hanh vi ova mong muon hau qua xay ra.

Dau hieu phap ly cua loi co y trc tiepVe ly tr:

- oi vi hanh vi - nhan thc ro tnh chat nguy hiemcho XH cua hanh vi- oi vi hau qua - thay trc hau qua cua hanh vio tat yeu hoac co the xay ra .

Ve y ch: ngi co y trc tiep mong muon hau quaphat sinh.

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b. Loi co y gian tiep (ieu 9 BLHS) N: Co y gian tiep la loi cua ngi khi thc hien

hanh vi nguy hiem cho xa hoi nhan thc ro hanh vi cuamnh la nguy hiem cho xa hoi, thay trc hau qua cuahanh vi o, tuy khong mong muon nhng co y thc emac cho hau qua xay ra.

Dau hieu phap ly cua loi co y gian tiep

Ve ly tr:- oi vi hanh vi - nhan thc c tnh chat nghiemcho XH cua hanh vi

- oi vi hau qua - thay trc c hau qua cuahanh vi o co the xay ra

Ve y ch: khong mong muon hau qua nguy hiem cho XHxay ra nhng co y thc e mac cho hau qua phatsinh.

c. Loi vo y pham toi v qua t tin (ieu 10 blhs)

N: Loi vo y pham toi v qua t tin la loi trongtrng hp ngi pham toi tuy thay hanh vi cua mnh cothe gay ra hau qua nguy hai cho xa hoi, nhng cho ranghau qua o se khong xay ra hoac co the ngan ngac nen van thc hien c va a gay ra hau qua nguyhai o.

Dau hieu phap ly cua loi vo y v qua t tinVe ly tr:

- oi vi hanh vi: nhan thc c tnh chat nguy hiem cho XHcua hanh vi cua mnh nhng mc o han che- oi vi hau qua:thay trc hau qua nguy hai cho xa hoi

ma hanh vi cua mnh co the gay ra.Ve y ch: khong mong muon gay ra hau qua nguy hiem

cho XH.d. Loi vo y pham toi v cau tha (ieu 10 blhs)

N: Vo y pham toi v cau tha la loi trong trng hpngi pham toi a gay ra hau qua nguy hai cho xa hoi

nhng do cau tha nen khong thay trc hanh vi cua mnhco the gay ra hau qua o, mac du phai thay trcva co the thay trc (hau qua nay).

Dau hieu phap ly cua loi vo y do cau tha Dau hieu 1: Ngi pham toi khong thay trc

hau qua nguy hiem cho xa hoi ma hanh vi cuamnh gay ra.* Do cau tha ma- Khong nhan thc c hanh vi cua mnh la nguy

hiem cho XH- Khong thay trc hau qua cua hanh vi o

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* Viec khong thay trc HQ co the la:- Khong nhan thc c mat thc te cua hanh vi- Tuy nhan thc c mat thc te cua hanh vi

nhng khong nhan thc c kha nang gay ra HQnguy hiem cho XH

Dau hieu 2: Ngi pham toi phai thay trc vaco the thay trc hau qua o.

- Ngha vu thay trc HQ nguy hiem cho XH (cxac nh tren c s ngha vu tuan thu cac qtacan toan chung trong XH)

- Co u ieu kien e thay trc HQ nguy hiemcho XH (c xac nh tren c s cac ieu kienkhach quan va chu quan cua ngi co hanh vi)

VII.VIII. TOM LAI CAC LOAI LOI

Loi Co y trctiep Co ygian tiep Vo y v qua ttin Vo y v cautha

LYTR

- Nhan thc c tnh chat nguy hiem choxa hoi cua hanh vi;

- Thay trc hau qua nguy hiem cho xahoi:

Tat yeuhoac co

kha nang

xay ra

Co khanang xay

ra

Co kha nangxay ra

YCH

Mong muonhau qua

xay ra

Khong mong muon hau quaxay ra:

Co y thce mac:Khi quyetinh x s,chu thechap nhan

ca hai khanang: hauqua xay rahoac hauqua khongxay ra

(Qua) tin hauqua se khongxay ra: Khiquyet nh xs, chu thea loai tr

kha nanghau qua ra.

- Khong nhanthc - Khong thaytrc v:

+ Khongnhan thc

c matthc te cua hvi+ hoac tuynhan thcc matthc te cuahanh vi nhngkhong nhan

thc ctnhchat nguyhiem cua hvi.

IX.3. TRNG HP HON HP LOI N: La trng hp trong cau thanh toi pham co hai loai loi

(co y va vo y) c quy nh oi vi cac tnh tiet khachquan khac nhau.Ngha la ngi pham toi:

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- Co y oi vi hanh vi va d kien mot HQ tng ng dohanh vi o gay ra

- Vo y vi HQ . HQ xay ra tren thc te a vt ngoai d kiencua ngi PT

phan biet trng hp hon hp loi vi trng hploi hon hp.

TRNG HP HON HPLOI

TRNG HP LOI HONHP

Thai o tam ly cua motngi a co y oi vi hanhvi va vo y oi vi HQ trong khithc hien 1 h/v nguy hiem

Thai o tam ly cuanhieu ngi oi vi hauqua nguy hiem cho xa hoima ho a gay ra.

4. S KIEN BAT NGieu 11 BLHS quy nh:

"Ngi thc hien hanh vi gay hau qua nguy hai cho xa hoi do skien bat ng, tc la trong trng hp khong the thaytrc hoac khong buoc phai thay trc hau qua cuahanh vi o, th khong phai chu trach nhiem hnh s".

X. So sanh vi loi vo y pham toi do cau tha

III. ONG C VA MUC CH PHAM TOI1. ONG C PHAM TOI- nh ngha: ong c pham toi la ong lc ben trong thuc ay

ngi pham toi thc hien hanh vi pham toi co y.- Phan biet: ong c pham toi vi ong c cua x s.- Y ngha cua dau hieu ong c pham toiY ngha nh toi Y ngha nh khung hnh phat. Y ngha quyet

nh hnh phat.XI.

2. MUC CH PHAM TOI- nh ngha:muc ch pham toi la ket qua trong y thc chuquan ma ngi pham toi at ra phai at khi thc hien hanh vi

pham toi.- Phan biet: Muc ch pham toi vi hau qua cua toi pham.- Muc ch c phan anh trong CTTP nhng trng hpsau:

+ Dau hieu hau qua cha phan anh c muc ch pham toichnh cua ngi pham toi;

+ Dau hieu hanh vi khach quan khong phan anh c mucch pham toi.- Y ngha cua dau hieu muc ch pham toi:

Y ngha nh toi.Y ngha nh khung hnh phat. Y ngha quyet nh hnh phat.

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IV. SAI LAM VA ANH HNG CUA SAI LAM OI VI TNHS1. SAI LAM VE PHAP LUATLa s hieu lam cua con ngi ve tnh chat phap ly cua hanhvi cua mnh.Cac trng hp:- Hieu lam rang hanh vi cua mnh la pham toi nhng thc te

phap LHS khong quy nh hanh vi o la toi pham. Trng hpnay ngi o khong phai chu TNHS.- Hieu lam rang hanh vi cua mnh la khong pham toi nhngthc te phap LHS quy nh hanh vi o la toi pham. Trng hpnay ngi o phai chu TNHS.

2. SAI LAM VE S VIECLa s hieu lam cua con ngi ve nhng tnh tiet thc te cuahanh vi cua mnh.

Cac trng hp sai lam ve s viec+ Sai lam ve khach the: La sai lam cua chu the ve tnhchat cua quan he xa hoi la oi tng cua hanh vi cua mnh. + Sai lam ve oi tng :La sai lam cua chu the ve oitng tac ong khi thc hien toi pham.+ Sai lam ve quan he nhan qua : la sai lam cua chu thetrong viec anh gia s phat trien cua hanh vi a thc hien cuamnh.+ Sai lam ve cong cu, phng tien : la sai lam cua chu theve tnh chat cua cong cu, phng tien s dung khi thc hienhanh vi.

CHNG IXCAC GIAI OAN THC HIEN TOI PHAM

I - Khai niem ve cac giai oan thc hien TPII - Chuan b PTIII Pham toi cha atIV Toi pham hoan thanhV T y na chng cham dt viec PT

I - KHAI NIEM VE CAC GIAI OAN THC HIEN TOI PHAM1. NH NGHA

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Cac giai oan thc hien toi pham la cac mc o thchien TP co y, bao gom chuan b PT, PT cha at, TP hoan

thanh2. C S LY LUAN Quan niem ve TP: la hanh vinguy hiem cho XH1.3 GII THIEU KHAI LC VE CAC GIAI OAN

CAC BC THCHIEN TOI PHAM CAC GIAI OAN THCHIEN TPHnh thanh y nh pham

toiBieu lo y nh pham

toiChuan b pham toi Chuan b pham toiPham toi cha at Pham toi cha at

Toi pham hoan thanh Toi pham hoan thanh

anh gia va so sanh tnh nguy hiem cua moi giai oanII - CHUAN B PHAM TOI1. NH NGHA VE CHUAN B PHAM TOIieu 17 BLHS quy nh: Chuan b PT la tm kiem, sa soan cong

cu, phng tien hoac tai nhng ieu kien khac e thc hien toipham

2. PHAN TCH

* Thi iem:- Thi iem sm nhat: la thi iem ngi PT bat au co

hanh vi tao ieu kien vat chat cung nh tinh than cho viecthc hien TP

- Thi iem muon nhat: la thi iem trc luc ngi PT batau thc hien hanh vi khach quan c quy nh trong cauthanh.

- Y ngha cua cac thi iem nay trong thc tien ap dung PL:

Phan biet ranh gii gia chuan bi PT vi bieu lo y nh PT vapham toi cha at* Bieu hien khach quan cua chuan b PT

- Chuan b cong cu, phng tien PTgom:+ Tm kiem cong cu, phng tien PT la bang moi thu oan

co c cong cu, phng tien PT (xin, mua, oi v.v..).+ Sa soan cong cu, phong tien PT la che tao, cai tiencac cong cu phng tien co san e thch hp cho viec PT.

- Tao cac ieu kien can thiet khac e thc hien TP : chuan bke hoach PT, tham do nghien cu a iem PT, nghien cuve ngi b hai, loai tr nhng tr ngai khach quan.

* Bieu hien chu quan cua chan b PT: loi co y

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3. VAN E TNHS TRONG GIAI OAN CHUAN B PT- anh gia tnh nguy hiem cua giai oan chuan b PT- Quy nh cua BLHS ve TNHS oi vi chuan b PT: Ngi

chuan b pham mot toi rat nghiem trong hoac mot toiac biet nghiem trong, th phai chu TNHS ve toi nhpham(ieu 17 BLHS)

- Van e xac nh TNHS oi vi trng hp hanh vi chuan bpham toi cau thanh mot toi oc lap. Neu hanh vi chuan bPT lai cau thanh mot toi oc lap th ho phai chu TNHS ve toio.

III - PHAM TOI CHA AT1. NH NGHA PHAM TOI CHA AT

ieu 18 BLHS quy nh : la co y thc hien toi pham nhngkhong thc hien c en cung v nhng nguyen nhan

ngoai y muon cua ngi pham toi.2. PHAN TCH* Bieu hien khach quan cua pham toi cha at

- Dau hieu 1: Ngi PT bat au thc hien TP ngha la:+ a thc hien hanh vi khach quan c mo ta trong luat+ a thc hien hanh vi i lien trc hanh vi khach quan

- Dau hieu 2: Ngi PT cha thc hien TP en cung nghala cha thoa het dau hieu cua cau thanh

Cac trng hp:+ Chu the ch mi thc hien hanh vi lien trc hanh vi

khach quan ma cha kp thc hien hanh vi khach quan+ Chu the a thc hien hanh vi khach quan nhng cha thc

hien tron ven hanh vi o+ Chu the a thc hien xong hanh vi khach quan nhng cha

gay hau qua- Dau hieu 3: Ngi PT cha thc hien TP en cung do cac

nguyen nhan ngoai y muonCac nguyen nhan nay thng:- Ngi b hai a chong tra nen TP khong thc hien c en

cung- S ngan chan cua nhng ngi khac Nhng tr ngai khac

* Bieu hien chu quan cua pham toi cha at: Loi coy

3. PHAN LOAI PHAM TOI CHA AT* Can c vao thai o tam ly cua ngi PT oi vihanh vi ma ho thc hien co hai loai PT cha at sau:

- Cha at cha hoan: la trng hp pham toi cha at, trongo ngi PT v nhng nguyen nhan khach quan cha thc

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hien het cac hanh vi cho la can thiet e gay hau quacua TP

- Cha at a hoan: La trng hp pham toi cha at nhngngi pham toi a thc hien c het cac hanh vi cho lacan thiet e gay ra hau qua nhng do nguyen nhanngoai y muon hau qua van khong xay ra

* Can c vao tnh chat ac biet cua nguyen nhan dan

en viec cha at, phan biet: Cha at vo hieu: la trng hp cha at ma nguyen

nhan khach quan cua viec cha at gan vi cong cu,phng tien, vi oi tng tac ong cua TP

Cac trng hp cha at vo hieu:- Chu the thc hien hanh vi nham gay thiet hai cho

khach the, nhng khong at c do khong co oitng tac ong hoac oi tng tac ong khong cotnh chat ma chu the lam tng

- Cha at do nham phng tien, cong cu Cha at khac

4. VAN E TNHS OI VI PHAM TOI CHA ATanh gia tnh nguy hiem oi vi hanh vi pham toi cha atQuy nh cua BLHS ve TNHS oi vi PT cha at: Ngi phamtoi cha at phai chu TNHS ve toi pham cha at (18BLHS)

IV - TOI PHAM HOAN THANH1. nh ngha: la trng hp hanh vi pham toi a thoa manhet cac dau hieu c mo ta trong cau thanh toi pham.2. PHAN TCH- Giai thch khai niem: hanh vi pham toi a thoa man het cac

dau hieu mo ta trong cau thanh- Thi iem hoan thanh TP oi vi toi pham co cau thanh

hnh thc- Thi iem hoan thanh TP oi vi toi pham co cau thanh

vat chat- Phan biet thi iem hoan thanh cua TP vi thi iem ket

thuc cua TP. Y ngha cua s phan biet

V - T Y NA CHNG CHAM DT VIEC PHAM TOI1. NH NGHA

ieu 19 BLHS quy nh La t mnh khong thc hienTP en cung, tuy khong co g ngan can.

2. CAC IEU KIEN CUA T Y NA CHNG CHAM DT

VIEC PT- Ve giai oan: giai oan chuan b pham toi va pham toicha at cha hoan

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- T nguyen: viec cham dt PT la do ong lc ben trong,khong phai do nguyen nhan ben ngoai chi phoi

- Dt khoat: viec dng viec pham toi phai the hien s tbo han y nh PT

3. TNHS TRONG TRNG HP T Y NA CHNG CHAMDT VIEC PHAM TOIieu 19 BLHS quy nh: Ngi t y na chng cham dt

viec PT c mien TNHS ve toi nh pham; neu hanh vithc te a thc hien co u yeu to cau thanh mot toikhac, th ngi o phai chu TNHS ve toi nay

CHNG XV: ONG PHAMI Khai niem ve ong pham

II Cac loai ngi ong phamIII Cac hnh thc ong phamIV Van e TNHS trong ong phamV Nhng hanh vi lien quan en toi pham cau thanh toi oclap

Noi dung:I - KHAI NIEM ONG PHAM1. NH NGHA

ieu 20 BLHS quy nh: ong pham la trng hp co hai ngitr len co y cung thc hien mot toi pham1.2 CAC DAU HIEU CUA ONG PHAMa. CAC DAU HIEU KHACH QUAN CUA ONG PHAM So lng ngi pham toi: t hai ngi tr len u kien

la chu the cua TP+Co nang lc chu TNHS+at en o tuoi luat nh

Cac trng hp khong phai la ong pham:

+ Mot trong nhng ngi lien quan la ngi khong co nanglc TNHS+ Mot trong nhng ngi lien quan la ngi cha at

en tuoi chu Hoat ong chung cua cac ong pham

Hoat ong chung: Cung thc hien TP ngha la cac hanh vi cthc hien trong moi lien he thong nhat vi nhau. Hanh vi cuamoi ngi la ieu kien ho tr cho hoat ong chungCac kieu moi lien he gia cac hanh vi cua cac ong pham:

- Hanh vi cua cac ong pham eu vi vai tro ngi thc hanh- Hanh vi cua cac ong pham khac nhau ve vai tro Hau qua chung

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Hau qua chung cua vu ong pham la ket qua cua hoatong chung cua cac ong pham Moi quan he nhan qua gia hoat ong chung va hau

qua chungTrong ong pham gian n: moi quan he nhan qua trc tiepTrong ong pham phc tap: Hanh vi cua ngi thc hanh languyen nhan trc tiep gay hau qua nguy hiem. Hanh vi cua

cac ong pham khac thong qua hanh vi cua ngi thc hanhma gay hau qua nguy hiem cho XH

b. Cac dau hieu chu quan cua ong pham- Loi: cung co y - Muc ch PT - ong c PT Loi trong ong pham

Cung co y the hien:- Y thc oi vi hanh vi: Nhan thc hanh vi cua mnh languy hiem cho XH, nhan thc mnh ang hoat ong chung vi

ngi khac va hanh vi cua ho cung nguy hiem cho XH- Y thc oi vi hau qua: thay trc c hau qua nguyhiem do hanh vi cua mnh cung nh hoat ong chung gay ra- Y ch: Mong muon hoat ong chung va mong muon hoac cung

co y thc e mac hau qua xay ra. Muc ch va ong c trong ong pham

Muc ch: khong bat buoc cung muc ch. Ch oi hoidau hieu cung muc ch trong trng hp muc ch la dauhieu bat buoc cua TP o

ong c: khong phai la dau hieu bat buoc trong ongpham

II - CAC LOAI NGI ONG PHAM1. NGI THC HANH

a. nh ngha ve ngi thc hanhieu 20 BLHS quy nh: Ngi thc hanh la ngi trctiep thc hien toi phamb. Phan tch

Trc tiep thc hien TP ngha la:- T mnh thc hien hanh vi khach quan- Thc hien toi pham thong qua viec tac ong en ngi khac

e ho thc hien hanh vi khach quan, khi ngi thc hien hanhvi thuoc mot trong cac trng hp:

+ Khong co nang lc TNHS hoac cha at tuoi chu TNHS+ Khong co loi hoac la loi vo y+ c loai tr TNHS do b cng bc tinh than

anh gia vai tro: gi vai tro trung tam trong vu an (lien

quan en viec nh toi danh, giai oan thc hien TP, anh giatnh chat va mc o nghiem cho XH cua hanh vi PT

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2. NGI TO CHCieu 20 BLHS qnh: Ngi to chcla ngi chu mu,can au, ch huy viec thc hien TP.

Ngi chu mu: la ngi e ra nhng am mu, phng hnghong cua nhom ong phamNgi cam au: la ngi thanh lap nhom ong pham hoac

tham gia vao viec soan thao ke hoach, phan cong, ieu khienhoat ong cua nhom ong pham.Ngi ch huy: la ngi khien trctiep cua nhom co vutranghoac ban vu tranganh gia vai tro: nguy hiem nhat3. NGI XUI DUCa. nh ngha ve ngi xui ducieu 20 BLHS quy nh: Ngi xui duc la ngi kch ong, dudo, thuc ay ngi khac thc hien toi pham.

Ban chat cua xui duc: tac ong en t tng va y chcua ng khac, khien ho pham toi.b. Cac ac iem cua hanh vi xui duc Hanh vi xui duc phai trc tiep ngha la nham vao mot so

ngi nhat nh nham a en viec PT Hanh vi xui duc phai cu the ngha la phai nham gay ra

viec thc hien mot toi pham nhat nhc. Vai tro cua ngi xui ducMc o nghiem trong cua hanh vi xui duc tuy thuoc

vao:- Ban chat cua ngi xui duc va ngi b xui duc- Moi quan he gia ho -Thu oan tac ongSo sanh vi vai tro cua cac ong pham khac4. NGI GIUP SCa. nh ngha: la ngi tao nhng ieu kien tinh thanhoac vat chat cho viec thc hien toi phamb. Phan tch Tao nhng ieu kien tinh than: la hanh vi cung cap

nhng g khong mang tnh vat chat nhng cung co tacdung tao ieu kien thuan li cho ngi thc hanhthc hien TP (Giup sc ve tinh than).

Tao nhng ieu kien vat chat: la cung cap cong cu, phngtien hoac khac phuc tr ngai tao ieu kien cho ngi thchanh thc hien TP (giup sc ve vat chat)

Dang ac biet: Ha hen trc se che au ngi PT, che dauvat chng, hoac tieu thu tai san ma co sau khi toi phamc thc hien

anh gia vai tro: t nguy hiem nhat trong cac ong phamIII - CAC HNH THC ONG PHAM

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1. Phan loai theo dau hieu chu quan:- ong pham khong co thong mu trc - ong pham co

thong mu trc2. Phan loai theo dau hieu khach quan:

- ong pham gian n - ong pham phc tap3. Pham toi co to chc nh ngha: La hnh thc ong pham co s cau ket chat

che gia nhng ngi cung thc hien toi pham (K.3 .20BLHS)S cau ket chat che c hieu:

- Ve phng dien khach quan: co s phan hoa vai tro giacac ong pham, phan cong nhiem vu tng oi ro ret,cac ong pham a co s thong nhat phng an phoi hptrong khi thc hien toi pham

- Ve phng dien chu quan: Y thc lien ket vi nhau, hotr cho nhau trong viec thc hien TP

(Xem Ngh quyet 01/HTP TATC 19/4/1989)IV - VAN E TNHS TRONG ONG PHAM1. MOT SO VAN E LIEN QUAN XAC NH TPHAM CAUTHANH TOI OC LAP

a) Chu the ac bietb) Xac nh giai oan thc hien TP trong ong phamc) T y na chng cham dt viec PT trong ong pham

Trong vu ong pham ch at ra van e t y na chng

oi vi ngi ngi co hanh vi nayVan e t y na chng oi vi ngi giup sc .Van e t yna chng oi vi ngi to chc.Van e t y na chng oivi ngi thc hanhXem Ngh quyet 01/ HTP TATC 19/4/19892. Cac nguyen tac xac nh TNHS trong ong phamNguyen tac 1: Chu TN chung ve toan bo TPNguyen tac 2: Chu TN oc lap ve viec cung thc hien vu ongphamNguyen tac 3: Ca the hoa TNHS cua nhng ngi ong phama. Nguyen tac chu TN chung ve toan bo toi pham Tat ca cac ong pham eu b truy to, xet x ve cung toi

danh, theo cung ieu luat va trong phvi nhng che tai tngng ma ieu luat o quy nh

Cac nguyen tac chung ve viec truy cu TNHS, quyet nh HP,thi hieu c ap dung chung cho tat ca cac ong pham

b. Nguyen tac chu trach nhiem oc lap Nhng ngoi ong pham khong phai chu TNHS ve hanh vi

vt qua cua ngi thc hanh

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Hanh vi cua ngi to chc, xui duc, giup sc du cha aen viec thc hien TP van phai chu TNHS

Nhng tnh tiet giam nhe, tang nang TNHS cua ong phamnao ch ap dung cho ngi o.

Viec mien TNHS hoac mien HP oi vi ong pham naykhong loai tr TNHS cua cac ong pham khac

Hanh vi cua ngi to chc, xui duc, giup sc du cha a

en viec thc hien TP van phai chu TNHS

V - NHNG HANH VI LIEN QUAN EN TOI PHAMCAU THANH TOI OC LAP Che dau toi pham: ieu 21 BLHS (chep noi dung) Khong to giac toi pham : ieu 22 BLHS (chep noi dung)

CHNG XVICAC TNH TIET LOAI TR TNH CHAT PHAM TOI

CUA HANH VII Khai niem chungII Phong ve chnh angIII Tnh the cap thietIV Cac trng hp khac

I - KHAI NIEM CHUNG1. C s ly luan ve cac tnh tiet loai tr tnh chat phamtoi cua hanh viKhai niem toi pham: la hanh vi nguy hiem cho XH, co loi,trai PLHS va phai chu hnh phatBon ac iem cua toi pham- Tnh nguy hiem cho XH -Tnh co loi -Tnh trai PLHS -Tnh chu

HPNhng tnh tiet co y ngha lam mat i mot trong cac tnh chatneu tren la tnh tiet loai tr tnh chat pham toi cua hanh vi1.2 NEU CAC TNH TIET LOAI TR TNH CHAT PT CUAHANH VICac tnh tiet loai tr tnh nguy hiem cho XH cua hanh vi:

1. Phong ve chnh ang 2.Tnh the cap thiet 3.Bat ngi phamphap 4.Cac tnh tiet khac

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Cac tnh tiet loai tr tnh co loi cua hanh vi:1. S kien bat ng 2.Tnh trang khong co nang lc TNHS 3.Cha

at tuoi chu TNHSy ngha cua quy nh ve cac tnh tiet loai tr tnh chatpham toi cua hanh vi

* C s phap ly e phan nh gia TP vi cac hanh vi khongphai la TP

* Bao am phap ly cho ngi dan tch cc tham gia vao viect bao ve quyen li chnh ang cua mnh cung nh li ch cua XH

II - PHONG VE CHNH ANG2.1 NH NGHA PHONG VE CHNH ANGieu 15 BLHS quy nh: Phong ve chnh ang la hanh vi 2.2CAC IEU KIEN CUA PHONG VE CHNH ANG2.2.1 CAC IEU KIEN VE C S LAM PHAT SINH QUYENPHONG VE

1. S tan cong nguy hiem ang ke va trai Pl2. S tan cong xam pham li ch cua NN, XH hoac li ch chnhang cua mnh hoac cua ngi khac3. S tan cong ang hien hu: ang xay ra hoac e doa xay rangay tc khacChu y:Phong ve qua sm: Cha co nhng bieu hien e doa s tancong se xay ra ngay tc khac ma a co hanh vi phong vePhong ve qua muon: S tan cong a thc s cham dtmi co hanh vi phong ve.Trong cac trng hp nay quyen phong ve khong khiphat

2.2.1CAC IEU KIEN VE NOI DUNG VA PHVI QUYENPHONG VE

1. Muc ch cua s phong ve nham gat bo s tan cong2. S phong ve phai trong gii han can thiet e ngan chan stan congChu y:ANH GIA GII HAN CAN THIET CUA S PHONG VECan da vao cac can c sau:- Tnh chat cua quan he XH b e doa xam hai- Mc o thiet han b e doa gay ra- Sc manh va sc manh liet cua hanh vi tan cong- Tnh chat va mc o cua phng phap, phtien hay cong cu

ma ke tan cong a s dung- Sc manh va kha nang phong ve2.3 VT QUA GII HAN PHONG VE CHNH ANGKhoan 2 ieu 15 quy nh: Vt qua gii han phong ve chnhang la hanh vi

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2.4 PHONG VE TNG TNGPhong ve tng tng la trng hp do lam tng cos tan cong cua ngi khac nen a gay thiet hai choho.TNHS c giai quyet nh moi trng hp sai lam khac.

III - TNH THE CAP THIET

3.1 NH NGHA VE TNH THE CAP THIETieu 16 BLHS quy nh Tnh the cap thiet la tnh the 3.2CAC IEU KIEN CUA TNH THE CAP THIET3.2.1IEU KIEN VE TNH CHAT CUA S NGUY HIEM- Co s nguy hiem ang ke do cac nguon nguy hiem khac nhau- S nguy hiem e doa en li ch cua NN, XH hoac li ch chnh

ang cua mnh hay cua ngi khac- S nguy hiem ang hien hu3.2.2IEU KIEN VE TNH CHAT CUA HANH VI KHAC PHUC-

Viec gay thiet han la bien phap cuoi cung va duy nhat- Li ch b hy sinh phai nho hn li ch can bao ve3.3 VT QUA YEU CAU CUA TNH THE CAP THIETKhoan 2 ieu 16 BLHS quy nh: Trong trng hp thiet haigay ra ro rang la vt qua vi yeu cau cua tnh thecap thiet, th ngi gay thiet hai o phai chu TNHSIV - CAC TRNG HP KHAC1. Bat ngi pham phap2. Thi hanh menh lenh cap tren3. Thc hien cac chc nang nghe nghiep4. Rui ro trong san xuat, nghien cu khoa hoc

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