Tool for Ontology Paraphrasing, Querying and Visualization on the

Semantic Web

Project BySenthil Kumar K200637041III MCA (SS)

Guides Details

Project Context

Military Intelligence

Reports

XML Documents

SemanticWeb

(Ontology)

Summary of Intelligence

Reports

Information Extraction

Ontology Generation

Paraphrasing and Querying

with Visualization

Ontology

Ontology is defined as an explicit specification of conceptualization.

It is a way of representing things and the relationship between things in such a way that a machine can understand it.

It is a mechanized way of Knowledge Representation.

Ontology is used as the Knowledge Representation format at CAIR.

Paraphrasing Context

Summarizer Module

Paraphrasing Steps

Document PlanningContent Selection : Specify maximum allowed distance in graph.Text Planning : Ordering of facts at various distances.

Micro Planning Micro plans are templates with numerous slots and fillers for these

slots.

Lexicalization : Specify single sentence for each fact.Aggregation : Multiple sentences aggregated to improve readability.

Surface RealizationGrammar used to fill up missing information.

Paraphrasing Example

XYZ_FN

Lahore

Pakistan

located

belongs

Karachimoved

belongs

Input Ontology

After Lexicalization

1) XYZ_FN is moved to Karachi.2) Karachi belongs to Pakistan.3) XYZ_FN is located at Lahore.4) Lahore belongs to Pakistan.

Paraphrasing Example (Contd.)

After Aggregation

1) XYZ_FN is located at Lahore which belongs to Pakistan.2) XYZ_FN is moved to Karachi which belongs to Pakistan.

Final Summary

XYZ_FN is located at Lahore which belongs to Pakistan and it is moved to Karachi which belongs to Pakistan.

SPARQL:

– SPARQL is an RDF query language, that stands for Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language.– SPARQL allows for a query to consist of triple patterns, conjunctions, disjunctions, and optional patterns.

Example:PREFIX abc: <http://example.com/exampleOntology#>

SELECT ?capital ?country

WHERE {

?x abc:cityname ?capital ;

abc:isCapitalOf ?y .

?y abc:countryname ?country ;

abc:isInContinent abc:Africa .

}

SPARQL query returns all country capitals in Africa

Information Visualization

Information Visualization concentrates on the use of computer-supported tools to explore large amount of abstract data.

Compact graphical presentation for visualizing large numbers of items possibly extracted from far larger datasets.

Enables users to make discoveries, decisions or explanations about patterns (trend, cluster, gap, outlier...), groups of items, or individual items.

Knowledge Visualization

Knowledge Visualization focuses on transferring insights and creating new knowledge.

Beyond the mere transfer of facts, knowledge visualization aims to further transfer insights, experiences, perspectives and predictions by using various complementary visualizations.

Existing Work and Issues

No tool available for paraphrasing from the ontology and rendering a visual representation of the same.

Query engine support with Visual representation of the output is required.

Browser based tool required to perform the above.

Proposed Work

To develop a web application for paraphrasing and querying from an ontology with visualization support for AINN group of CAIR (DRDO) which is fully browser based.

Architecture Diagram

OWL Files

Java Library JUNG,JENA Library

Ontology Querying and Visualization Applets

Browsers

Java Applet Class File

Web Server Client

Block Diagram

Ontology Graph

Summary ofIntelligence

Reports

Query Result

Visual GraphOntology

OWL GraphConstruction

Paraphrase

Query Processor

Visualizer

Visualizer

Software Requirements

JDK (Java Development Kit) 1.5 JRE 1.5 or above Supported Web BrowserJUNG (Java’s Universal Graph/Network

Library) 1.7.6JENA (Java framework for building Semantic

Web applications) 2.5.7

What JENA can / can’t do?

Can:

– It provides a programmatic environment for RDF, RDFS and OWL.

– It provides SPARQL processing support on ontology.

– It provides Rule based Inference Engine.

Can’t:

– It cant take Ontology as an input.

– It doesn’t provide support for Graph based Traversals and Querying.

– It doesn’t provide support for paraphrasing from the ontology.

What JUNG can / can’t do?

Can:

– It provides a very basic library for creating simple graphs and visualizing it.

– It provides basic layouts support for the graph rendering.

– It can only understand vertices, edges and basic graph primitives

Can’t:

– It cant model the Ontology as a graph.

– It cant enforce the user specific constraints followed in owl specification on the graph.

– It cant Rearrange the graph based on the changes made to the ontology

Major Modules

ParaphraserQuery ProcessorVisualizer

Level – 0 DFD

Visual Graph

Query Result

Paraphrased Summary

Ontology Paraphrasing, Querying and

Visualizing Tool

OWL

Level – 1 DFD

OWL Graph

Natural Language Summary

Textual Result

OWL

Query

1OWL GraphConstructor

User

3Query Processor

2Paraphraser

OWL Graph

4Visualizer

Visual Graph

OWL Graph OWL Graph

OWL Graph Constructor(1)

1.1

Read the OWL File and Load the Ontology

1.2

Map the ontology resources to Nodes

and Edges

OWL Nodes and Edges

OWL

Ontology Model

1.3Build the graph

Using the nodes and edges

OWL Graph

Paraphraser(2)

2.1

Select Contents of Interest

2.2

Lexicalize Sentences and Aggregate them.

Formed Sentences

OWL Graph

Selected Facts

2.3Apply grammar to

the formed sentences.

Natural Language Summary

OWL Sub Graph

Query Processor(3)

3.1

Validate the Query and Plan the Execution

3.2

Execute the Query by Traversing the Graph

OWL Sub Graph

OWL Graph

OWL Graph and Query

Textual Result

Query

Visualizer(4)

4.1

Create Renderer and layout for the Graph

4.2

Set Visual attributes for the OWL Nodes

and Edges

Renderer

OWL Graph

4.3

Render OWL Graph

Visual Graph

Renderer

References

1) OWL Web Ontology Language Guide: http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide2) SPARQL:

http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query3) “Generating Natural Language Descriptions from OWL Ontologies” - Ion Androutsopoulos1,2 and Dimitrios Galanis14) “Speech and Language Processing”, ISBN 81-7808-594-1

- Daniel Jurafsky and James H.Martin5) “Systemic Functional Linguistics”

- http://www.isfla.org/Systemics/6) “Systemic Functional Grammar”

http://minerva.ling.mq.edu.au/resource/VirtuallLibrary/Publications/sfg_firststep/SFG%20intro%20New.html

7) “Paraphrasing from ontology”http://www.mindswap.org/papers/nlpowl.pdf