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TOPIC 4 :

SELECTION AND

ADAPTATION OFMATERIALSAND ACTIVITIES

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The Role of Materials in the ESLClassroom

Using textbooks is an efficient way ofimplementing the syllabus in terms of timeand cost-effectiveness.

textbooks remain the primary resource, otherforms of materials emerged as supplementaryresources.

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Example of materials

authentic printed materials eg. brochures,newspapers, magazines

audio/video recordings eg. audio books,poetry/songs, movies

video clips eg. the art of origamidownloaded from YouTube

computer software eg. SpellBuzz, WordTreasure Chest

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The Need to Adapt Materials

Material adaptation is the process ofmodifying an existing material/resource intoone that serves a different purpose or for adifferent group of learners.

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Criteria for Selection

and Adaptation of

Materials

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Materials are usually adapted for their:

format (eg: from a newspaper article toa picture series)

language level (eg: from advancedlearners to less proficient learners)

focus skill (eg: from a reading text to alistening text)

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Learners Age and Maturity Level

a persons age is proportional to his maturitylevel

In mixed-ability class, it is crucial that the

teacher designs teaching-learning activities tosuit her pupils

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Learning Styles

individuals have different learning styles.

people have a mixed range of styles; somemay find they have a dominant style while forothers the style changes depending on thelearning circumstances

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Proficiency Levels

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Example of a writing task designed forpupils of different proficiency levels

Level 2Pupils are a given picture series of a roadaccident. Teacher provides sentence strips andpupils match the strips to the correct pictures.Pupils copy the sentences in their worksheet.

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Level 3Pupils are given a picture series of a roadaccident. Word cues are provided. Pupils

select appropriate words for each picture.Using the selected words, pupils constructsentences describing each picture.

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Level 5Pupils are given a composite picture of

a road accident. Pupils take on variousroles as depicted in the picture andwrite an eyewitness account of theaccident.

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Exploitability

Exploitability refers to how a selected materialcan be used to develop the learners languageskills.

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Ways of exploiting: Listen and complete the story Retell the story in your own words

Rewrite the story into a dialogue Write a poem based on this story Simplifying