topik beginner reference

TOPIK Beginner Grammar

TYPE 1. 아/어/여~ 계

아/어/여 드리다 offer to do something for someone else

아/어/여야겠다

아/어/여 보다 is used to convey meanings such as ‘someone tries doing something ( to see how it will turn out) or ‘someone does something to see (how it will turn out).’

아/어/여요 the informal polite speech style

아/어/여 보이다 conveys meanings such as likeness, resemblance, or similarity. when attached directly to the stems of adjectives.The past tense form of this pattern is ‘-아/어/여 보였다.’

아/어/여지다

아/어/여 주다 expresses the speaker’s request for something

았/었/였 is used to indicate an action which took place in the past or a condition which used to exist.

아/어/여도 `-도’ is used to express ‘even if, even though’

았/었/였겠다

아/어/여도 되다 if `-도’ is used with the word ‘

좋다, 괜찮다, 되다`, this pattern is used to ask for and giving permission. For the negative answer to a request for permission, you have to use the pattern ‘-(으)면 안 되다.’ May do’

았/었/였으면

좋겠다is used to express the speaker’s hope or desire. Even though the past tense -았/었/였- is used, this pattern does not refer to the past. So, even when this pattern is used without the past tense like ‘-(으)면 좋겠다’, there is no difference in meaning.

아/어/여서 1 is used to indicate cause or reason; mostly used with adjectives and ‘가다’(to go), ‘

오다’(to come), ‘없다’(don’t have) etc. in declarative and interrogative sentences; cannot be used in imperative and propositive sentence, where another connective ‘-(으)니까’ is used

이/가 아니다 the negative of ‘-이다‘

아/어/여서 2 is used when the subject performs one action and then a second one; it is attached to the first verb and is then followed by a second verb

이에요/예요 The informal polite form of ‘-입니다’

아/어/여야 되다/

하다is used to express obligation or necessity; tense is expressed in the verb ‘하다’. ‘Must, have to’

TYPE 2. -(으)~ 계

(으)ㄴ 지 (시간)

되다this pattern ‘Verb + -(으)ㄴ 지 +

time word + 되다’ is used to express an interval of time which extends from a definite past to the present. The case marker ‘-가` or

‘-는’ can be attached optionally

after ‘지’

-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다 indicate one’s past experiences. The literal meaning is ‘the experience of having done something’ exists ( or don’t exist )

-(으)ㄴ/는/을 것

같다is used in the present tense with adjectives or ‘이다’ to express the speaker’s thought or opinion, in the future tense – to indicate the speaker’s stronger conjecture or presumption. With general verbs, the pattern ‘-는 것 같다’ is used in

the present tense, ‘(으)ㄴ in the

past tense, and (으)ㄹ in the future tense; tense is expressed in the final verb ‘같다’

-(으)ㄴ/는지 알다

-(으)ㄴ후에 means ‘after having done smth’; used with the action verbs. The tense is expresses in the main (final) verb

-(으)ㄴ/는데 is used to introduce a certain fact,occurrence, or event. The form `-ㄴ(은)데‘ is used for the

adjectives and ‘-이다` in the

present tense. The form ‘-는데` is used for all other cases.

-(으)ㄹ 거예요 The informal ending of the future tense ‘-(으)ㄹ 겁니다‘; with a 3rd person subject it expresses a supposition or presumption, with a 1st person subject – the speaker’s plan or intention

-(으)니까 Indicates reason and cause; if the main clause is an imperative or propositive, only the connective ‘-니까‘ can be used in the dependent clause. In this case, ‘-아(어/여)서‘ cannot be used

-(으)ㄹ 수 없다/

있다is used with verbs and indicates ability, capability, possibility or permission

-(으)ㄹ 때 ‘While’; when the two actions happen at the same time, past tense is not expressed with this pattern. But if the action of the `-ㄹ 때’ clause happened before the action of the next clause, past tense should be expressed in the `-ㄹ때’ clause; is used with all verbs and adjectives but `이다’ can be used only in the past tense

-(으)ㄹ 줄

알았다-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/

모르 다is used to express the knowledge or lack of knowledge of a technique or process of doing something

-(으)ㄹ까 하다 Means ‘I think I will (do smth)…’ -(으)ㄹ게요 the speaker’s intention or plan or promise. It is used with action verbs as well as with the

verb 있다, but not with adjectives.

-(으)ㄹ래요 -(으)ㄹ까요? is used to express inquiring about someone’s opinion, view or appraisal on a certain matter or fact with the action verb.

-(으)러 is used to express the purpose of the subject’s action and is followed by either ‘가다’(to go),

‘오다’(to come) or their compounds, or any verb which indicates movement, such as ‘다니다’(to go and come regularly)

-(으)려고 used to indicate the purpose of the speaker (subject)’s action; can be followed by any verbs; it is used in the present and past tense of the main verb (final verb), but is never used with the future tense. Tense and negation are expressed in the main verb (final verb).

-(으)려고

하는데요-(으)려고 하다 is used with verbs(including `

있다’); this pattern is used to indicate a subject’s intention; restricted to first and second personal pronouns

-(으)려면 -(으)면 can be used with any verb or adjective and indicates condition and/or stipulation; in Korean the dependent clause precedes the main clause. Sometimes, the word `만일/

만약’ is used at the beginning of a conditional clause

-(으)면 되다 -(으)면 안 되다-(으)면 좋다 -(으)면서 is used to express two

simultaneous actions done by the same person. It attaches to the verb directly; someone does something while he is doing something else (at the same time)

-(으)ㅂ시다 to expressing the subject’s suggestion with the action verbs and the verb of existence ‘있다’. It

cannot be used with ‘이다’ nor with adjectives. In plain speech style(반말) you can use the form ‘-

자’ instead of ‘-아/어/여’

-(으)세요 implies respect of the speaker for the subject of the sentence, means ‘Please do something’ when referring to the second person

-(으)시- the honorific form -(으)십시오 imperative verb form

TYPE 3. 자음 시작~ 계

(명사)+ 때문에 ‘because of, owing to, as a result of, in consequence of’

(명사)+ 말고

-거나 [열거] and; or; [양보](even) -게 Polite form of ’에게’

though [if]; no matter how (what／when／where／who); whatever

-게 되다 is used to express the idea that the situation has been arranged by certain environmental facts or conditions. It is used with verbs and ‘있다’; ‘(it) turns out (that), It is arranged that -, (the situation) makes something to be’

-겠- pre-ending -겠- is used for expressing the speaker’s conjecture or supposition or for asking intention of the person spoken to in a polite request.

-고 싶다 is used to indicate the desire of the subject and is used with action verbs and ‘있다.’

-고 있다 is used to indicate a kind of process or continuing action; ‘Is doing’; this pattern can have two different meanings when used with verbs dealing with items of clothing : 입다, 쓰다,

신다; it is often used to express an action which started in the past and is still going on

-군요 is used to express surprise, delight, or wonder with an exclamation mark; adjectives and ‘-이다’ take

the ‘-군요!’ form, other verbs take

the ‘-는군요!’ form. In past tense,

verbs also take the ‘-군요’ form.

-기 때문에 is used to express cause and reason; ’so, therefore, because’

-기 쉽다 -기 위해서 Is used in complex sentences and indicates the action in the second sentence that is the reason for achieving the object of the first sentence

-기도 하다 -네요-기로 하다 is used to indicate one’s decision;

the verb `-하다‘ can be replaced

by the verb `약속하다, 결정하다,

결심하다, 작정하다’… ‘-지

않기로 하다’ means ‘to decide not

to do’; ‘-기로 하지 않다’ means ‘do not decide to do’

는/(으)ㄴ/(으) ㄹ

(명사)

the ending `-는’ is attached to the verb directly and is used in the present tense; the ending `-(으)ㄴ’ is used in the past tense;

The forms ‘예쁜, 좋은,

아름다운, 바쁜, 아픈‘ are the present inflected forms of the infinitives’; `-(으)ㄹ’ is used in the future tense

-는 중이다 습니다 formal polite speech style

-ㅂ/습니까? Formal style question final ending - 지 마세요 ‘stop doing’

- / ㅂ지 -지 맙시다 Forms a negative suggestion

-지 말아요 the pattern ’-지 말다` preceded by an action verb expresses prohibition or dissuasion. This pattern is always used as a negative imperative sentence or a negative propositive sentence.

-지만 is used to join two sentences which are in contrast with each other. ‘But’

지 않다 ‘long type negation’; directly follows by verbs or adjectives; ‘not, no’

-지요 is used if you want to seek the listener’s agreement or to ascertain what listener means

TYPE 4. 조사

이/가 indicates that the preceding noun phrase is the subject of the sentence. ‘-가’ is used after

a word which ends with a vowel, while `-이’ is used after a consonant

에서, ‘at’ or ‘in’ indicating the place where an action takes place; ‘from’, indicating a starting point or cause.

까지, expresses the finishing point of the action 와/과, ‘and, with, along (together) with’

께, to (by/for) a person; about; around; toward (a time); in the vicinity (neighborhood) of; near (a place)

(으)로, Indicates a choice, shows direction, means, status, cause

께서, From (a person) 을/를, is attached to a Noun to indicate the direct object of a transitive verb

은/는, indicates the comparison of topics. If there is no connotation of comparison with another subject, this marker cannot be used.

의, is preceded by a noun and indicates possession, relationship, origin or status location

도, means ‘also’ or ‘too’. This can replace the subjective marker ‘-가/이’, and the objective

marker ‘-을/를`

(으)로, Indicates a choice, shows direction, means, status, cause

마다, ‘each; every; all’ 만 ‘only’; can be attached to almost any word in the sentence

만큼, ‘because (of); since; as; for’ (이)나, [그러나] but; (and) yet; [한편]

while; meanwhile; […하기는

하나] though; although; nevertheless; however; still.

밖에, ‘outside, in the open air + besides’ (이)나 2, [정도·비교] as many [much] as; no less [fewer] than; as long as; nearly; about.; [선택] either… or; or; any.

보다, (more than) is attached to a standard of comparison (which is usually the second noun) when both items of comparison are mentioned. It is often accompanied by ‘-더’ which means ‘more’; when the standard of comparison is omitted, ‘더’(‘more) is used

처럼, like; as; as… as; <not> so… as; as if

부터, means ‘from’, the starting point of an action 하고, means ‘and’; connects words on an equal basis

에, indicates a destination and that someone or something is stationary in a place. It is attached to nouns, and followed by ‘있다’(to

be) and ‘없다’(not to be).. meanings: “to, in, at”.

한테 is used for indicating the receiver of an action; the marker ‘-한테서’ is used for indicating the source or starting point of an action.

에게, It’s a dative marker which attaches to animate nouns; is often used as ‘한테’ in spoken language

TYPE 5.접사

들, Plural form of the noun -쯤, means ‘around…o’clock’

- 씩, is used to indicate distribution and is attached to numbers and any counting classifier; ‘each, respectively’

동안(명사) ‘(a space of) time; a period; in, for, during, as (so) long as’

TYPE 6. 부정 부사

못, is used with action verbs, and means impossibility or strong denial and refusal.

안 expresses the negative and means ‘do not’. ‘안’ is put before the verb.

TOPIK Beginner Vocab/Verb/Adjectives & others

Korean Word English Meaning Explanation Korean Word English Meaning Explanation

가격 Price 극장 theater

가구 furniture 근처 Near

가방 Bag 글자 Letter

가을 fall, autumn 금년 this year

가족 family 기간 period

값 Price 기분 standard

feeling; ex) 기분이 안좋아요

강 River 김치 kimchi

거리 distance 까만색 black

걱정 anxiety; worry 꽃 flower

결혼식 wedding 꽃집 flower shop

경주 Race 나라 country

경험 experience 나무 tree

계절 season 날 day

계획 Plan 날씨 weather

고민 worry; agony 남 산 Namsan

고양이 Cat 내년 next year

고향 hometown 내용 content

곳 Place 내일 tomorrow

공연 performance 냉면 cold noodle

공원 Park 냉장고 refrigerator

공책 note book 년 year

공항 airport 노래 song

과일 Fruit 누나male’s older sister

과자 snack 눈물 tear

관심 interest

ex) 한국에 관심이 있습니다. 느낌 feeling;

교통사고 car accident 다음 next

구두 dress shoe 다음달 next month

구입 purchase 단어 word

그 림 picture 달 monthKorean Word English Meaning Explanation Korean Word English Meaning Explanation

댁 home 부분 part

도서관 library 부탁 request

돈 money 분위기 atmosphere

동대문 Dongdaemun 불고기 bulgogi

동생 younger sibling 비 rain

뒤 back 비행기 airplane

드라마 drama 빵 bread

등산 hike 사과 apple

등산화 hiking shoes 사람 person

라디오 radio 사무실 office

러시아 Russia 사은품freebie; bonus gift

맞은편 across from 사전 dictionary

머 리 head 사진 photo

모습 figure 산 mountain

모자 hat 색 color

무게 weight 색깔 Colors

문 door 생각 thinking, thought

문구점 stationary store 생일 birthday

문제problem; question; issue 생활 Life

문화 culture 서울 Seoul

물건 thing 서울역 Seoul Station

미국 The USA 서점 Bookstore

밑 bottom 선물 present, gift

바지 pants 선생님 teacher

박물관 museum 설명 explanation

밖 outside 설악산 Seoraksan

반(수업) class 성격 character

방 room 소개 introduction

방법 method 소식 news

방송국broadcasting station 손 hand

배 ship 손님 customer

배 2 pear 수업 class

배우 actor 수첩 pocket book

백화점 department store 시간 Time

버스 bus 시계 Watch

번호 number 시장 market

병원 hospital 시청 city hall

볼펜 ball point pen 시험 test

봄 spring 식당 restaurant

부모 parent 식사 meal

부모님 Parents 신문 newspaperKorean Word English Meaning Explanation Korean Word English Meaning Explanation

신발 Shoe 우산 Umbrella

아기 Baby 우유 Milk

아래 Bottom 운동 Exercise

아버지 Father 웬일 what matter

아이스크림 ice cream 위 upper part

아저씨 sir, uncle 유학 study abroad

아주머니 ma’am, aunt 은행 bank

아침 Morning 음료수 drink

아침 2 Breakfast 음식 food

아파트 Apartment 음악회 concert

안 In 의미 meaning

안경 eye glasses 의자 chair

안내 Information 이름 name

앞 in front of 이번this (ex. this year)

야구 Baseball 이상 strange

약 Medicine 인터넷 internet

약국 Pharmacy 일 work

약속 Appointment 일본 Japan

어머니 Mother 일본어 Japanese

어제 Yesterday 일요일 Sunday

얼굴 Face 자동차 car

옛날 Old 자리 seat

여자 Girl 자전거 bicycle

여행 Trip 작년 last year

역사 History 잡지 magazine

연락 Contact 장소 place

연필 Pencil 저녁 evening

영수증 Receipt 전자사전electronic dictionary

영어 English 전화번호 phone number

영화 Movie 점심 lunch

옆 Beside 정리 arrangement

오래간만 after a long time

ex) 오래간만입니다 제주도 Jeju Island

오랜만 after a long time

ex) 오랜만입니다 졸업 graduate

오른쪽 right (direction) 주 week

오후 Afternoon 주말 weekend

올해 this year 주소 address

옷 Clothes 주인 owner

외국인 Foreigner 준비 prepare

요리사 Chef 중국 china

요즘 these days 지갑 walletKorean Word English Meaning Explanation Korean Word English Meaning Explanation

지난주 last week 포도 grape

지난해 last year 표 ticket

지하철 subway 품목 goods

집 house 피아노 piano

찻값 a tea charge 필요 need

창문 front gate 하숙집 boarding house

책 Book 학원 academy

책상 desk 한국 Korea

청소 clean 한국말 Korean speech

축구 football (soccer) 한국 어 Korean language

취미 hobby 한복traditional Korean Clothes

취직 getting a job 한식집 Korean restaurant

치마 skirt 할머니 grandmother

친구 friend 할아버지 grandfather

침대 bed 할인 discount

카메라 camera 행사 event

캐나다 Canada 형male’s older brother

커피 coffee 호 room number

컴퓨터 computer 호선 subway line

큰형male’s oldest brother 회사 company

테니스장 tennis court 회사원 office worker

토요일 Saturday 회의 meeting

통장 bankbook 후 after

파란 색 blue 휴일 holiday

파티 party 희망 hope

편지 letter 힘 effort

평일 weekday

Counting Units


개 general counter 살 age

권 books 송이 bunch (of fruit)

대 machines 인분 a serving of food

마리 animal 잔 glass

명 people 장 paper

번 times (ex, 3 times) 층 floor

병 bottle 통 package

분 people

사람 people

Verbs


가다 go 나오다 come out

가져가다 bring 내다(돈) take out money

가지고 가다 go with so.th 내리다 drop

갈아타다 transfer (subway) 넣다 pour

감기에 걸리다 catch a cold 노래 부르다 sing a song

갔다오다 go and come 노래하다 sing

갖다 take 노력하다 effort

걱정하다 worry 놀다 play

건너가다 cross (a road) 농구하다 play basketball

걸리다 catch 눈물이 나다 cry

경험하다 experience 다녀오다 go back

계획을 세우다 make a plan 다니다 go back and forth

계획하다 plan 닫다 close

고르다 choose ex)엔진에 고장이 났어요. there is

대답하다 answer

something wrong with engine

고장이 나다be so.th wrong; be in trouble 도착하다 arrive

구경하다 watch 돈이들다 cost

구하다 rescue 돌아오다 return

그리다 draw a picture 되다 become

ex) 할아버지께 과일을 드리다

기다리다 wait 드리다give (to older person)

ex) 할아버지께서 과일을 드시다

기억을 하다 remember 드시다eat (to older person)

기억이 나다 remember

?? ex) 나무가 부러져서 길이 막혔어요. 듣다 listen

길이 막히다block the pathway 들다 enter

깎다 trim 들어가다 enter

꺼내다 take out 떠나다 leave

끄다 turn off 마시다 drink

끊다 cut 마음에 들다 like

끝나다 end 마치다 finish

끝내다 finishex) 장갑을 끼다 put on gloves 만나다 meet

끼다 put on 만들다 make

ex) 할아버지께 말씀 드리다

나가다 go outKorean Word English Meaning Explanation Korean Word English Meaning Explanation

말씀 드리다speak to (older person)

ex) 할아버지께서 말씀하시다 식사하다 have a meal

말씀하시다 speak 신다 wear (shoes)

말하다 speak 싫어하다 dislike

먹다 eat 쓰다 write

모르다 do not know 쓰다(모자) wear (hat)

모으다 gather 씻다 wash (face)

모자라다 insufficient 앉다 sit

목욕하다 take a bath 알다 know

묻다 question 알아듣다 understand

물어보다 ask 어울리다 match

받다 receive 여행하다 travel

밥 먹다 eat food 연락하다 connect

배우다 learn 연습하다 practice

벗다 take off 열이나다 have a fever

보내다 send 예약하다

make a promise/appointment

보다 see 오다 come

부르다 full 오르다 rise

부치다 send mail 올라오다 come up, climb

부탁하다 request 우산을쓰다 take an umbrella

빌려주다 lend 운동하다 exercise

빌리다 borrow 운전하다 drive

빼다 subtract 웃다 laugh

사고가 accident

ex) 사고가 나다 there is an accident 이사가다

move to other place

나다 be 이사하다 move

사다 buy 이야기하다 conversation

사용하다 use 이용하다 use

사진을 찍다 take a photo 이해하다 understand

산책하다 take a walk 일어나다 wake

살다 live 읽다 read

서다 stand 잃다 lose

설거지하다 wash 잃어버리다 lose

설명하다 explain 입다 wear

소개하다 introduce 잊다 forget

수영하다 swim 잘 되다 be well

쉬다 rest 잘하다 do well

시작되다 begin 잠이 오다 become sleepy

시작하다 start 잡수시다 eat

시키다 order 전하다 transmit; tellKorean Word English Meaning Explanation Korean Word English Meaning Explanation

전화(를) 걸다 call (telephone)transmit a phone to other person 청소하다 clean

전화를 바꿔주다 Can I talk to___. 초대하다 invite

전화를 받다 receive a call 축구를 하다 play

전화를 하다 call 출발하다 depart

전화하다 call 취직하다 employ

조심하다 be careful 켜다 turn on

좋아하다 to like 콧물이 나다have a runny nose

주다 give 타다 ride

주무시다 sleep (only to 테니스 치다 play tennis

older persons)

주문하다 order 틀리다 incorrect

준비하다 prepare 푹 자다 sleep deeply

지나다 pass

ex) 잘 지내고

있어요. 피아노를 치다 play piano

지내다 spend; live 하다 do

질문하다 ask a question 화나다 angry

짓다 make 회의하다 have a meeting

찾다 search for

찾아가다 visit

Adjectives: 72 Words

가볍다 light 덥다 Hot

감사하다 thanks

ex) 할아버지 방에 계십니다 따뜻하다 Clean

계시다be (to older people) 많다 Many

고맙다 thanks 맑다 clear

공기가 sunny 맛없다 tastes bad

맑다 clear 맛있다 tastes good

괜찮다 ok 멋있다cool (a cool person)

기분이 좋다 feel happy 무섭다 scary

길다 long 미안하다 sorry

깊다 Deep 반갑다 glad

깨끗하다 Clean 밝다 bright

나쁘다 Bad 배가 고프다 hungry

적다 write down 배가 부르다 full

낮다 Low 배고프다 hungry

넓다 Wide 복잡하다 crowded

높다 High 부지런하다 diligent

다르다 different 불편하다 inconvenient

더럽다 Dirty 비슷하다 similarKorean Word English Meaning Explanation Korean Word English Meaning Explanation

비싸다 expensive 조용하다 quiet

새롭다 New 좁다 narrow

쉽다 Easy 좋다 like

슬프다 Sad 죄송하다 sorry

싫다 Hate 중요하다 important

싸다 cheap 즐겁다 merry

아름답다 beautiful 짧다 short

아프다 painful 춥다 cold

어둡다 dark 친절하다 kind

어리다 young 크다 big

없다 not have 키가 크다 tall

예쁘다 pretty 편리하다 convenient

위험하다 dangerous 편안하다 comfortable

유명하다 famous 편하다 easy

이상하다 strange 피곤하다 tired

있다 have 필요하다 needed

작다 small 한가하다 free

재미있다 interesting/fun 힘들다 difficult

적다 less

Adverbs


가까이 near 또 and

가끔 sometimes 똑바로 straight

가장 most 마침내 at last

갑자기 suddenly 많이 a lot of

같이 like 매우 very

거의 almost 매일 daily

계속 continuously 먼저 ahead

곧 soon 모두 all

ex) 오늘 못

갑니다그냥 just 못 nail; cannot

금방 soon 미리 in advance

꼭 exactly 바로 straight; right

나중에 later 방금 right now

날마다(날+마다)

=매일 everyday 벌써 already

너무 too 별로 very

늦게 late 보통 normally

다 all 빨리 quickly

더 more 새로 new

따로 seperately 서로 each otherKorean Word English Meaning Explanation Korean Word English Meaning Explanation

아까 some time ago 전혀 not at all

아마 perhaps 정말 really

아주 very 제일 best

아직 yet 조금 a little

어서 quick, 조용히 quietly

안 not 좀 some

언제나 always 지금 now

열심히 hard 직접 directly

오래 long 참 really

오래간만에 in a long time 처음 first

오랜만에 for a long time 천천히 slowly

요즘 these days 크게 largely

이따가 later 별히 particularly

이제 now 특히 especially

일찍 early 푹 well

자주 often 함께 together

잘 well 항상 always

잠깐 wait 혼자 alone

잠시 moment 혼자서 alone

Conjunctions

Korean Word English Meaning Korean Word English Meaning

그래서 so 그럼 well

그러나 only 그런데 then

그러니까 because 그리고 and

그러면 if

Question Words


누구 who 얼마나 how much

무엇 what 왜 why

뭐 what 어느 which

어디 where 몇 how many

어떻게 how 무슨 what

언제 when

Numbers

Korean Word English Meaning Explanation

세 3

십삼 13

십이 12

아홉 9

여섯 6

열두 12

열셋 13

한 1

스물/스무 20

Pronouns


거기 there

그 the

그것/그거 it ex) 아무데나 놓아요 put it wherever

아무 wherever

여기 here

여러분 everyone

우리 our

이 this

이것/이거 this

저 that

저것/저거 that

저기 there

저희 we

Determiners


그 the

네 4

두 2

새 new

세 3

스무 20

아무 whatever ex: 아무거나 (whatever)

여러 several

이 this

저 that

한 1

Interjections


글쎄요 maybe; perhaps 여보세요 hello

네 yes 예 yes

아니요 no

topik beginner reference

Documents

english meaning explanation

english meaning

korean word

starting point

older person

past tense

present tense

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