topquadrant © copyright 2001-2003, topquadrant inc. the information in this presentation is...

TopQuadrant

© Copyright 2001-2003, TopQuadrant Inc.

The information in this presentation is proprietary to TopQuadrant and should not be duplicated, used or disclosed without permission.

Semantic Technologyin Government

Dean Allemang

TopQuadrant Inc.

© Copyright 2001-2003 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technologies for the Digital Shuttle”, slide 2

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Semantic Web – quick intro

W3C Ratified standards in 2004

RDF, RDFS, OWL

Standard for describing data, rather than documents

RDF merges data

RDFS and OWL process merged data


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Plain web page – addresses, no maps

No link to mapsYou have to map it

yourself


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Automatic link to maps

One link per mapCan’t make comparisons


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Map all button!

Map all! Now you can compare


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What about combinations from multiple sites?

?


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Semantic Web defines infrastructure for merging

Piggybank allows infofrom multiple

sites to be mergedand placed on a

Google mape.g.,

Red=red lineBlue=blue line

Magenta=Organic Supermakets


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Government Interest in Semantic Web

Data Integration multiple databases siloed systems Sensor fusion

Knowledge Management How do I know what I know? . . . when what I know is stored so many places?

Modularity of Models Enterprise Architecture Integrated system roadmap


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Data Integration


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Data Integration: Target Validation of the Future ?


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NEXIOM

Nasa Exploration Initiatives Ontology Model ExplorationSystems Mission Directorate Back to the Moon, on to Mars!


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Multiple sources of mission planning

Risk models materials process computation organizational . . . All need to be brought together!

CCCI (Command, Control, Communications, Intelligence) During mission execution Connect to DARPA practices (DODAF)


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Modular Enterprise Architecture


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F EA RM O

F - Federal

EA - Enterprise Architecture

O - Ontology

RM - Reference Model


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US Federal e-gov initiative


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Federal Enterprise Architecture – Reference Model

What is a “Reference Model”?

A basic model for something (system, architecture, whatever)

When someone builds their own (system, architecture, whatever) they extend the reference model


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Knowledge Management: NASA Digital Shuttle


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Why integration?NASA - An Illustrative Imagined Scenario

12. The launch occurred.

NASA Knowledge sources EO

1. An equipment anomaly delays the

Space Shuttle launch

2. An engineer searches databases for similar problems

3. With incomplete answers, he consults

other engineers about the faulty

equipment

4. Searches were made for the

supplier and where it was used elsewhere

on the Shuttle

5. The equipment was installed over 20 years ago and all of

the required information could

not be found.

6. The people that would know had

retired and had to be located

SDSKSC PRACA

7. Retirees were brought back to work

on the problem

8. On their advice, more document searches were

conducted.

9. Key documents were found in the

archives of a building

10. Important information was

communicated to relevant parties

11. A solution was decided

JSC PRACA GFE PRACA JEEVES MRCS CVAS CV

Disclaimer

This scenario is fictitious and is not based on any actual occurrences on the Space Shuttle. It is inspired by the movie entitled “The Space Cowboys”.


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The Digital Shuttle Project Vision

Move away from 2-D drawings to 3-D models

Implement a comprehensive knowledge representation for engineering data structure

Integrate commercial KM, engineering data management systems and engineering tools

CAD shape

Process

Part structure

Additional representations

metadata semanticsKnowledge Model

(EngrObj)

“The models (we want) have semantics, and can be analyzed for conformance to specs and self-adjusted when parameters are changed. All using a very high-level user interface that is comfortable for practitioners. CAD doesn't provide modeling semantics - just shapes. CAD is also difficult to use - typically, designs are entered by CAD operators, creating a potential interstice where knowledge can be dropped“ [Sidney Bailin]


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Future Scenario – Leaking valve is discovered on STS-nnn

NASA Knowledge sources

EOSDSKSC PRACA JSC PRACA GFE PRACA JEEVES MRCS CVAS CVano

Shuttle Knowledge Hub

Shuttle Knowledge AdvisorProfilesSpace

Shuttle Ontology

1. Leaking valve delays Shuttle

launch

2. Engineer asks the Knowledge

Advisor about the valve that is

leaking – has it happened before?

System reports previous incidents.

3. Engineer asks who supplied the valve, relevant

Engineering Orders (EOs) and Drawing

numbers also where the valves

are used

4. Engineer determines what needs to be done

to replace the valves

5. New EOs are raised and the

problem is fixed

6. Shuttle mission is ready for launch


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Tower of Babel

Well-known problem in large organizations – lots of people talking, but they don’t understand one another

First bright idea – bring in a Thesaurus or Controlled Vocabulary to help them out.

Another bright idea: Bring in an Object model to help them


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The tower grows higher …

But who resolves the differences between the mediators?

COVE


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Example – NASA Taxonomy and HORM

NASA Taxonomy Project at JPL – comprehensive enterprise taxonomy of Missions, Competencies, Industries, etc.

HORM – Ontology model of Risks, Threats, Mission Features

NASA Taxonomy Project at JPL – uses language of Thesaurus – broader, narrower, synonym, etc.

HORM – Ontology uses Classes, instances, Properties

A complex translation is needed – right?


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OWL to the rescue

BroaderNarrowerTermUseUse For…Mars

Climate Orbiter

ClasssubClassOftypePropertysubPropert

y…MCO

A few connections in the schema ….

… and OWL can integrate the rest of the information!


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Reusing thesauri in COVE

Now any thesaurus, object model, semantic model, etc. can be used as they were all in a single place


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NASA taxonomy in COVE


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Federated queries

Once the information is unified, a single query can work on the combined information space:

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