TOTAL DIPLOMACY TO TACKLE TRANSBOUNDARY HAZE POLLUTION:

CASE STUDY OF BILATERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN INDONESIA - SINGAPORE

Raka Tantra D. PamungkasSEKDILU 37

2013

video

Indonesia – Singapore in June 2013?

FOREST FIRESILLEGAL BURNING

HAZE POLLUTIO

NCLIMATE CHANGEHEALTH

PROBLEMS

ECONOMIC IMPACTS

TRANSBOUNDARY

MEDIA BLASTING

PUBLIC POLICY

NATIONAL INTERESTS

STAKEHOLDERS

BUSINESSTOTAL DIPLOMACY

The Significant Factors of Haze

• Human activities: slash-and-burn method; foreign intrusion; local community; international laws (full reparation)

• Natural factors: dry season; characteristics of peat-land; wind direction

Negative Impacts

SINGAPOREPSI on Hazardous LevelRespiratory diseasesReputation: clean &

greenTourismTransportation

INDONESIAContributor to the

“Climate Bomb”Respiratory diseasesPalm Oil crop failuresPlantation losses

… how this problem should be solved?

Indonesia: continuous efforts?

Cloud seeding, water bombing, educating locals, investigation

Obstacles: capacity gap to respond, business expansion, local community,

decentralization into corruption

AATHP is questionable

3 principles: Sovereignty, Responsibility, Precautionary measures

Cost & Ineffectiveness Inter-ministerial coordination in Indonesia Singapore’s preference: regional framework

Bilateral Engagement = Solution

Analogy: PRC in South China Sea Fewer parties and less norms

Letter of Intent: Master Plan with Jambi 2007 (sub-state level, technical cooperation, community involvement) Political will, references, legal reform, administration coordination

Stakeholders in Total Diplomacy

Policy RecommendationBilateral, Transboundary, Natural factors

GOVERNMENT

GENERAL PUBLIC

BUSINESS GROUPS

KEMLUKEMLUSYNERGYSYNERGY

INDONESIA SINGAPORE

GOVERNMENT

GENERAL PUBLIC

BUSINESS GROUPS

thank you

National Regulations

1. Instruksi Presiden RI Nomor 16 Tahun 2011 tentang Peningkatan Pengendalian Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan

2. Peraturan Pemerintah RI Nomor 60 Tahun 2009 jo Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 45 Tahun 2004 tentang Perlindungan Hutan

3. Undang-Undang RI Nomor 18 Tahun 2004 tentang Perkebunan