tourism education in turbulent times david airey icot 2011 - rhodes, greece tourism in an age of...
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Tourism Education in Turbulent Times
David Airey
ICOT 2011 - Rhodes, GreeceTourism in an Age of Uncertainty
27-30 April 2011
The State of Tourism Education
I. Turbulent times
II. A health check on tourism in universities
III. Where now for tourism studies?
Approach and Methods
I. Stance – Vice-Chancellor’s view
II. Sources – Literature on education policy and
government actions- Published data
I. Turbulent Times (1/3)1. Resources and FundingGovernment cutsStudent contributionsPrivate providers
2. Selectivity/hierarchyResearch and teachingHE and FE
3. Importance of relevanceResearch and teaching
I. Turbulent Times (2/3)4. AccountabilityExternal (REF fEC NSS, league tables, QAA, transparency)Internal (appraisals andcomparisons)
5. Restructuring
6. Internationalisation/globalisationRecruitment, overseas campuses, overseas delivery, international competition, immigration restrictions
I. Turbulent Times (3/3)
7. Changing styles and modes of delivery
8. StandardisationBologna and UK agencies
9. Widening participation
10. Knowledge developments
A Question?Tourism studies is abolished in universities.Which of the following is the most likely outcome?a. tourism would grind to a haltb. tourism would become unsustainablec. the tourism industry would face a serious labour shortaged. tourism would become less authentice. no-one would noticeTribe: 2011
II. A Health Check on Tourism in Universities
II. A Health Check on Tourism in Universities
Two key drivers : Money and Reputation
1. Teaching: a. recruitment, b. quality, c. curriculum
2. Research: a. approaches b. outputs, c. income
3. Impact: a. employment b. engagement/influence
1a. Teaching: recruitment
‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 %
Applicants
3363
3368
3273
3629
3532
4271*
+27
Accepts 3109
3095
3162
3714
3604
4156*
+34
Source: Walmsley, ATHE (2009)
Recruitment to Tourism Travel and Transport courses 2002-2007
Includes foundation degrees.
Without FDs Accepts = 3722
1a. Teaching: recruitment
‘08 ’09 2008/09 PG UG
Accepts 8,622 9,330
TotalStudents
2,330 21,090
Source: UCAS 2010 and HESA
Recruitment to N8 - Hospitality, Leisure, Tourism and Transport
1a. Teaching: recruitment
HLTT Econ
Sociology
English
Maths
Total Students
24k 32k 32k 60k 32k
Source: HESA 2010
Total Students 2008/09
1b. Teaching: quality(student satisfaction)
Subject Highest Lowest
HLRT (T) 4.19 (4.08) 3.34 (3.34)
Business Stds 4.29 3.58
English 4.31 3.48
Mathematics 4.35 3.62
Source: Independent, Complete University Guide, 2010
1b. Teaching: quality(average entry tariff)
Subject Highest Lowest
HLRT (T) 348 (3 or 10% above 300)
132 (6 or 20% below 200)
Business Stds 465 (17 or 15% above 400)
162 (17 or 9% below 200)
English 514 ( 22 or 22% over 400)
179 (2 or 2% below 200)
Mathematics 568 (26 or 42% over 400)
196 (1 or 2% below 200)
Source: Guardian University Guide 2011
2a. Research: Approaches
1.Multiple methods 2.Cultural turn3.Tourism is no longer peripheral
(Tribe, RAE-ification, 2003) but central in new REF panel 26. Chair = Prof Cara Aitchison, 2 tourism panel members.
4.Active PhD programmes5.Increase in Thomson SCCI
members6.BUT: emphasis away from
positivist/quantitativeTribe: 2011
2. Research: outputs
(journal rankings)
Subject Rating 4 and 3
Rating 1
No % No %
Tourism and Hosp 24 3 12.5 10 42
Accountancy 35 21 60 5 14
Economics 137 65 48 21 15
Entrepreneurship and small business mngt 18
7 39 6 33
General Mngt 32 12 37.5 11 34
Source: ABS Journal Quality Guide, 2010
2b. Research: outputs - citations
Source: Tribe 2011
Most cited papers in:
Citations
Annals of Tourism Research
40
Tourism Management 40
Cell 8212
Source: Scopus and University websites
2b. Research: outputs – citation impact
h 14
10
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 X
No 1 1 1 3 4 4 5 5 9 2 5 1454 Individuals, 18 institutionsHighest score of someone related to our field =18Highest in any field = 51
h Index
2b. Research: outputs – impact factors
Source: Tribe 2011
Journal Impact Factor
Tourism Management 1.882
Annals of Tourism Research 1.165
Academic Management Review
7.867
Nat Rev of Molecular Cell Biology
42.198
Cell 31.152
2b. Research: Outputs
1.RAE: worst performing sector in management field – due to long tail
2.Failure to look outside subject area
3.Low citations impact and scores
Source: ESRC Society Today
2c. Research: Income
ESRC Awards and Outputs
Since 1975: 9000 of which 303 refer to tourism = 3%
But: some double counting of outputs; definitions and coverage change
2000=82001=32002=32003=122004=42005=97
2006=252007=322008=252009=522010=10Total since 2000 = 271
3a. Impact: Employment
TourismN810/30/32n=570
H, L T&TN800n=2295
In employment full-time
47% 51%
In sector (TorH) (SIC based)
36%
In sector T&H (SIC based)
54% 50%
In graduate employment (N8)
46%
Walmsley, 2010
UK Tourism and Hospitality Graduates 2007/08
3a. Impact: Employment
Institution
Tourism, Transport
and Travel %
A 70
B 63
C 60D 60E 60Unistats 2011
UK Employed with Graduate Levels Jobs 2010
3a. Impact: Employment
Institution
Tourism, Transport and Travel
%
V 25
W 25
X 20Y 20Z 15Unistats 2011
UK Employed with Graduate Levels Jobs 2010
3b. Impact: Engagement/Influence:
Gap between researchers and the tourism sector
Hostile knowledge management environment (Cooper, 2006:48).
Good Examples:
Pro-poor tourism
Tourism Satellite Accounts
Multiplier Studies
Destination Life Cycle
Consultants
Dr. Murray Simpson (University of Oxford, UK)
School of Geography and the Environment
Dr. Daniel Scott (University of Waterloo, Canada)
Department of Geography and Environmental Management
Tribe 2011
3b. Impact – Engagement/InfluenceThe Climate Change Problem
– Visit Britain / Tourism Alliance Commission Economic Report on the Visitor Economy• Deloitte• Oxford
Economics
Tribe 2011
3b Impact: Engagement/InfluenceThe Economic Impacts Problem
3b. Impact: Engagement/Influence
Tourism and the G-20: T.20 Strategic Paper
By Dr. Ian Goldin
Director, James Martin 21st Century School Professorial Fellow, Balliol College
University of Oxford FINAL VERSION
Document prepared for the 2nd T.20 Ministers Meeting Republic of Korea, 11-13 October 2010
III. Where Now for Tourism Studies?
Score
Teaching: recruitment
+
Teaching: quality 0
Teaching: curriculum
+
Research: approaches
+
Research: outputs
0
Research: income
-
Impact: employment
0
Impact: engagement/influence
-
III Where now for Tourism Studies?
1.Teaching: maintain recruitment, maintain quality, develop curriculum
2.Research: do not lose positivist/ quantitativeextend beyond tourism consider relevance reduce long tail
3.Impact/EngagementMake the caseEngage