Toward Toward IndependenceIndependence

In this chapter you will In this chapter you will learn how the colonists learn how the colonists became divided with their became divided with their loyalty to Great Britainloyalty to Great Britain

PatriotsPatriotsalso called also called “Whigs”“Whigs”

Americans who believed that Americans who believed that the colonies had the right to the colonies had the right to govern themselvesgovern themselves

LoyalistsLoyalistsAlso called Also called “Tories”“Tories”

Americans who felt Americans who felt loyalty to loyalty to Great BritainGreat Britain

Before 1763Before 1763AmericaAmerica bursting with bursting with growthgrowth

Within 100 years-population Within 100 years-population grew from 50,000 to 1 milliongrew from 50,000 to 1 million

Why?Why?– Cheap landCheap land– Religious toleranceReligious tolerance– Economic opportunitiesEconomic opportunities

The main reason was that the The main reason was that the Americans had more Americans had more freedom freedom to run their affairs than any to run their affairs than any ordinary person in Europeordinary person in Europe

What is a patriot?What is a patriot?

What is a loyalist?What is a loyalist?

Conflict in the Ohio ValleyConflict in the Ohio Valley

As colonies grew As colonies grew settlers settlers began to move westbegan to move west

Across the AppalachianAcross the Appalachian into into the Ohio Valleythe Ohio Valley

The region between the Ohio The region between the Ohio and Mississippi Riversand Mississippi Rivers

Both Both France and Britain France and Britain claimed the areaclaimed the area

In 1754 the In 1754 the French built Fort French built Fort Duquesne Duquesne

Present day PittsburghPresent day Pittsburgh

GovernorGovernor of Virginia heard of of Virginia heard of the fort and the fort and sent a militia to sent a militia to drive them outdrive them out

MilitiaMilitia was was ledled by British by British officer officer George WashingtonGeorge Washington

MilitiaMilitiaA small army made up of A small army made up of ordinary citizens who are ordinary citizens who are available to fight in an available to fight in an emergencyemergency

The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War

1754 - Near Fort Duquesne 1754 - Near Fort Duquesne Washington defeated a Washington defeated a French scouting party that French scouting party that was hiding in the woodswas hiding in the woods

This was the This was the start of the start of the French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

Lasted for 7 yearsLasted for 7 years

1759 – turning point when 1759 – turning point when British troops captured CanadaBritish troops captured Canada

1763 – Britain and France 1763 – Britain and France signed peace treaty ending the signed peace treaty ending the warwar

France gave Canada to Great France gave Canada to Great BritainBritain

This war left Britain with a This war left Britain with a large debtlarge debt

British Colonies

Ceded

New France

New Spain

What was the cause of the What was the cause of the French and Indian War?French and Indian War?

What is a militia?What is a militia?

Early British ActionsEarly British ActionsBecause the war costs so Because the war costs so much, the British much, the British King wanted King wanted the colonists to pay for itthe colonists to pay for itThe colonists refused so the The colonists refused so the king enforced king enforced new taxesnew taxes– Stamp ActStamp Act– Quartering ActQuartering Act– Townshend ActTownshend Act– Tea ActTea Act

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763How to keep colonists and How to keep colonists and Native Americans from killing Native Americans from killing each other?each other?

The king drew a line down the The king drew a line down the middle of the Appalachian middle of the Appalachian MountainsMountains

Colonists eastColonists east

Natives westNatives west

• The frontier

The Colonies

TaxesTaxesColonists already paying taxesColonists already paying taxes

Didn’t mind paying taxes, but Didn’t mind paying taxes, but wanted representation in wanted representation in parliamentparliament

They knew they would never They knew they would never get representationget representation

This is why the following taxes This is why the following taxes upset them so muchupset them so much

Stamp ActStamp ActRequired colonists to buy a Required colonists to buy a stamp for every piece of stamp for every piece of paper usedpaper used

Brainstorm Brainstorm

Death willsDeath wills

Marriage licensesMarriage licenses

Playing cardsPlaying cards

NewspaperNewspaper

Writing paperWriting paper

All paper productsAll paper products

Taxation without Taxation without representation!representation!

Loyalists refused to buy Loyalists refused to buy stampsstamps

Patriots took a more violent Patriots took a more violent approach and created mobsapproach and created mobs

Patriots created a group Patriots created a group called the “Sons of Liberty”called the “Sons of Liberty”

Eventually the Stamp Act Eventually the Stamp Act was repealed or canceledwas repealed or canceled

QUARTERINGQUARTERING ACT ACT

So many British soldiers in the So many British soldiers in the colonies and no $ to send them colonies and no $ to send them back king George made this actback king George made this act

Said colonists Said colonists had to HOUSE the had to HOUSE the soldiers in their homessoldiers in their homes

They were forced to They were forced to feed them, feed them, cloth them, give them candles, cloth them, give them candles, fire their goods, give them beer fire their goods, give them beer & cider, & more!& cider, & more!

TEMPERS RISEDTEMPERS RISED

TOWNSHENDTOWNSHEND ACTSACTS

Charles Townshend--Told British Charles Townshend--Told British to Keep army in Americato Keep army in America

Implemented these acts--this Implemented these acts--this was a tax on all goods such as was a tax on all goods such as GLASS< PAINT< PAPER< TEAGLASS< PAINT< PAPER< TEA

ANGER AGAIN ROSEANGER AGAIN ROSE

BOYCOTTSBOYCOTTS STARTED AGAIN STARTED AGAIN

The Boycotts worked & the The Boycotts worked & the Townshend were repealedTownshend were repealed

WHAT WAS THE QUARTERING ACT?WHAT WAS THE QUARTERING ACT?

WHAT WERE THE TOWNSHEND WHAT WERE THE TOWNSHEND ACTS?ACTS?

BOSTON BOSTON MASSACREMASSACRE

Angry colonists were protesting Angry colonists were protesting the British troops moving into the British troops moving into Boston--PATRIOTSBoston--PATRIOTSIt was winter time and the snow It was winter time and the snow balls were a flyinballs were a flyinThe soldiers The soldiers felt threatened and felt threatened and opened fireopened fireThe patriots were for the riots & The patriots were for the riots & the loyalists wanted to try it the loyalists wanted to try it peaceful againpeaceful again

BOSTON MASSACRE CONT.BOSTON MASSACRE CONT.This allowed Sam Adams to This allowed Sam Adams to brew brew up an anti-British feelinup an anti-British feelin

A SIDE NOT--- Crispus Attucks a A SIDE NOT--- Crispus Attucks a freed slave was the first killed in freed slave was the first killed in the MASACREthe MASACRE

SAM ADAMS

BOSTON TEA PARTYBOSTON TEA PARTY

The Brits again taxed the tea The Brits again taxed the tea and said the and said the DUTCHDUTCH Who we Who we usually bought our tea from usually bought our tea from could no longer sell itcould no longer sell itKing George said to get tea we King George said to get tea we had to buy it had to buy it onlyonly from the from the EAST EAST INDIA TEA COMPANYINDIA TEA COMPANY owned by owned by the Brits. the Brits. This included a This included a HUGE TAXHUGE TAXSOOOOOOOOOOO Lets PROTESTSOOOOOOOOOOO Lets PROTEST

SOOOOOO the SOOOOOO the SONS OF LIBERYSONS OF LIBERY dressed up like Indians snuck onto dressed up like Indians snuck onto about 5 East India Tea Company ships about 5 East India Tea Company ships and threw the tea overboardand threw the tea overboard

People knew they were the SONS OF People knew they were the SONS OF LIBERTY & were happy!!LIBERTY & were happy!!

MASSILLON CONNECTION!!!! WOWMASSILLON CONNECTION!!!! WOW

The The King once again tried to make the King once again tried to make the colonists pay for the lost teacolonists pay for the lost tea——

The king closed the Boston Harbor, The king closed the Boston Harbor, put Boston under military ruleput Boston under military rule

What was the Boston MassacreWhat was the Boston Massacre

What was the Boston Tea party? What was the Boston Tea party? Why did it happen?Why did it happen?

FIRST CONTINENTAL FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESSCONGRESS

12 OF THE 13 COLONIES 12 OF THE 13 COLONIES SHOWED UPSHOWED UP

WROTE A LETTER TO THE KING---WROTE A LETTER TO THE KING---PETITIONPETITION

ALL AGREED TO BOYCOTT ALL ALL AGREED TO BOYCOTT ALL BRITISH GOODSBRITISH GOODS

COLONIES FORMED MILITIASCOLONIES FORMED MILITIAS

THE THE MINUTEMENMINUTEMEN WERE FORMED WERE FORMED

LEXINGTON & CONCORDLEXINGTON & CONCORDKing GeorgeKing George did not even did not even respondrespond to the letter from the to the letter from the FIRST CONTINTAL CONGRESSFIRST CONTINTAL CONGRESSTo make matters worse he To make matters worse he stated that ‘BLOWS’ decide to stated that ‘BLOWS’ decide to outcome!outcome!The Colonists had been storing The Colonists had been storing large supplies of gunpowder in large supplies of gunpowder in Concord Mass.Concord Mass. Thomas Gage a Brit General Thomas Gage a Brit General decided to attack w/ the kings decided to attack w/ the kings permissionpermission

LEXINGTON & CONCORD CONT.LEXINGTON & CONCORD CONT.HERE WE GO---The Colonists were HERE WE GO---The Colonists were watching their every move!!!watching their every move!!!Paul Revere & William DawesPaul Revere & William Dawes were were ready to ride to let ALL the ready to ride to let ALL the MinutemenMinutemen know what was going on!! know what was going on!!We We moved the stashmoved the stash of weapons and of weapons and attacked the Brits with furry!!attacked the Brits with furry!!The first shots rang out and the The first shots rang out and the SHOT SHOT HEARD ROUND THE WORLD HAD BEEN HEARD ROUND THE WORLD HAD BEEN FIRED!!!FIRED!!!THE THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR HAS REVOLUTIONARY WAR HAS BEGUNBEGUN