towards erika iv - cpmr · brussels 1. dec 2011 towards erika iv ? session 1 katharina stanzel...

Brussels 1. Dec 2011

Towards Erika IV ?

Session 1

Katharina StanzelDeputy Managing Director

INTERTANKOInternational Association of Independent

Leading the way; Making a difference

INTERTANKO Tanker Owners

INTERTANKOInternational Association of Independent Tanker Owners

250+ members operating ca. 3,350 ships; 285 million dwt

> 75% of independent oil tanker fleet; > 85% of chemical carrier fleet

320 i t b ( il h i l t k l t d b i )320+ associate members (oil + chemical tanker‐related businesses)

Strict membership criteriap

15 Committees + 5 Regional Panels

Offices: Oslo, London, Washington DC., Singapore, Brussels


Observer Status at IMO, IOPC, UNFCCC, OECD and UNCTAD

Quality tanker shipping

A responsible, sustainable and respected part of the world’s energy supply chain, committed to continuous improvement and constructively influencing its future,

serving the world with the safe, environmentallyserving the world with the safe, environmentally sound and efficient seaborne transport of oil, gas and chemical products.chemical products.


Our Environment – Our Responsibility


Environmental Challenges – local impacts, global standards

ODS = OzoneDepleting Substances

NOx, SOx, PMCO2/GHG emissions

Life cycle:

Depleting Substances emissions

VOC = VolatileBuilding to Decommissioning/Recycling

OrganicCompounds Noise

y g

Accidental oil ll ti Biofoulingpollution

ToxicAntifouling

Biofouling

Sewage

Garbageg

Cetacean


Ballast waterCetacean

strikes Slops

Tanker incidents and accidental pollution

6001,050

All incidents

No incidents '000 tonnes pollution

480840

Oil pollution

360630

240420

120210

00

9 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9 1

TORREY CANYON TORREY CANYON

Leading the way; making a differenceBased on data from LMIU, ITOPF + othersBased on data from LMIU, ITOPF + others

79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 11

Tanker Shipping ‐ Improved Performance

1000 tonnes spilled

3 500 1051000 bn tonne miles

2,800

3,500

84

105

2,100

2,800

63

84

1000 ts spilt

1,400 42

'000 bntonne-miles

700 21- 63% -3% -83%

01970 1980 1990 2000

0

- 63% -3% -83%


Based on ITOPF/Based on ITOPF/FearnleysFearnleys

1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s

Maritime TransportMaritime Transport Offshore (E&P)Offshore (E&P)Maritime TransportMaritime Transport Offshore (E&P)Offshore (E&P)


MT ERIKAMT ERIKASpilled ~ 20 000 m3Spilled ~ 20 000 m3Spilled ~ 20 000 m3Spilled ~ 20 000 m3

MacondoMacondo WellWellSpilled est. 780 000 m3Spilled est. 780 000 m3


Which existing Regulations apply ?


Ship‐source Oil Pollution

Preparedness, Response & Co‐operation• OPRC

Prevention• MARPOL

Liability and Compensation• Bunkers Convention 2001

• Civil Liability Convention (CLC 92)Civil Liability Convention (CLC 92)

• Fund Convention (Fund 92) & Supl. Fund (03)

[HNS C i ]Leading the way; Making a difference

• [HNS Convention]

HNSMarine InsurersMarine Insurers HullHull && MachineryMachineryHullHull && MachineryMachinery

‘P&I’‘P&I’

CargoCargo


Polluter PaysPolluter PaysWho is to ‘blame’ ?Who is to ‘blame’ ?

Polluter PaysPolluter Pays


STRICT LIABILITYSTRICT LIABILITY

STRICT LIABILITYSTRICT LIABILITY

•• Tanker owner liable Tanker owner liable ‐‐ regardless of faultregardless of fault

•• Very few exceptions Very few exceptions (e.g. acts of war, sabotage)(e.g. acts of war, sabotage)

•• Prompt compensation without litigationPrompt compensation without litigation


Oil Spills from Tankers: Three Tier System

Supplementary Fund ProtocolSupplementary Fund ProtocolOil receivers Oil receivers after sea after sea

Supplementary Fund

THIRD THIRD TIERTIER transporttransport Fund TIERTIER

1992 Fund Convention1992 Fund ConventionOil receivers Oil receivers after seaafter sea 1992 Fund1992 FundSECOND SECOND after sea after sea transporttransportTIERTIER

1992 Civil Liability 1992 Civil Liability ConventionConventionShipownersShipowners InsurerInsurerFIRST FIRST

TIERTIER


TIERTIER

International Conventions Example: Maximum Amount of Compensation for Tanker IncidentsMaximum Amount of Compensation for Tanker Incidents

1992 CLC90 million SDR, ~ €104 million

1992 Fund Convention203 million SDR ~ € 234 million203 million SDR, ~ € 234 million

2003 S l t F d2003 Supplementary Fund750 million SDR, ~ € 866 million


Bunker SpillBunker Spill Cargo SpillCargo Spill


Pollution DamagePollution Damage1992 CLC1992 CLC1992 CLC1992 CLC

Loss or damage caused outside the ship by contamination resulting from the escape or discharge g p gof oil from the ship, wherever such escape or discharge may occur,

id d th t ti f i i t f thprovided that compensation for impairment of the environment other than loss of profit from such impairment shall be limited to costs of reasonable pmeasures of reinstatement actually undertaken or to be undertaken.

Th t f ti d f th lThe costs of preventive measures and further loss or damage caused by preventive measures


Environmental DamageDamage

Loss of profit from damage to marine environment


suffered by entities depending directly on coastal or sea‐related activity (e.g. national parks)

Environmental DamageDamage


Costs of reasonable measures of reinstatement & post spill studies

Environmental Damage Environmental Damage N d f R i t t t ?N d f R i t t t ?=> Need for Reinstatement ?=> Need for Reinstatement ?


Post Spill Studies

• Enhance natural recovery and/or prevent further injury & pollution damagej y p g

• Establish nature & extent of damage & whether reinstatement necessary & feasiblereinstatement necessary & feasible

• Scientific rigour & objectivity

S l f t di h ld b i ti t t t• Scale of studies should be in proportion to extent of contamination and predictable effects

• Should not repeat work already done


Thank You

[email protected]


towards erika iv - cpmr · brussels 1. dec 2011 towards erika iv ? session 1 katharina stanzel...

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