tqykbz&fnlecj 2014 - jawaharlal nehru university parisar jul-dec 2014.pdf · o"kz&2...

o"kZ&2 vad&4tqykbZ&fnlEcj 2014

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o"kZ % 2] vad % 4] tqykbZ&fnlEcj 2014

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dfo dsnkjukFk flag ls xksfcUn izlkn dh ckrphr

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izks- xksfcUn izlkn

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MkW- e.khUæ ukFk BkdqjJherh iwue ,l- dqnsfl;k

laiknu lg;ksxHkkouk csnh

fo'ks"k lg;ksx/khjsUæ dqekj

izca/k laiknu lg;ksxMkW- lw;Z izdk'k

dSyhxzkQ+h rFkk vkoj.k fp=MkW- xksfcUn izlkn

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o"kZ&2 vad&4 tqykbZ&fnlEcj] 2014 @ 2

laikndh;

ts,u;w ifjlj dk ;g pkSFkk vad vkids gkFkksa esa gSA bl vad ds lkFk nsj vk;n nq#Lr vk;n* okyh

dgkor ykxw gksrh gSA fe=ks] ts,uw; ifjlj fo'ofo|ky; leqnk; dh oSpkfjd vfHkO;fDr dh ifjpk;d gSA

blesa ts,u;w ds Nk=] v/;kid] vf/kdkjh] deZpkjh oxZ dh ys[kuh n~okjk izokfgr fopkj lk>k djus o

fo'ofo|ky; dh xfrfof/k;ksa dks lekfgr djus dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gSA

Hkk"kk laLÑfr dk dks"k vkSj okgd gksrh gSA ;g dsoy fopkjksa ds vknku&iznku dk ek/;e ugha] vfirq

mudks ewrZ :i nsus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA tc ge viuh Hkk"kk es vius fopkjksa dks O;Dr djrs gSa rks

gh ltZuk esa ekSfydrk yf{kr gksrh gSA ;gh ekSfydrk gekjs dkedkt esa Hkh ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA

izLrqr vad esa fganh ds fo[;kr dfo dsnkjukFk flag ls izks- xksfcUn izlkn dk lk{kkRdkj fo'ks"k egRo

dk gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd MkW- flag dks bl o"kZ ¼2014½ Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA

Hkkjrh; lkfgR; esa mudk mRÑ"V ;ksxnku jgk gSA izks- iou ekFkqj us foKku ifjn`'; ds varxZr ^Hkk"kk] l`tu

vkSj foKku* 'kh"kZd ls Hkk"kk vkSj foKku dk lkeatL; ifjyf{kr fd;k gSA bl vad esa fo'ks"k vkd"kZ.k izks-

xaxkizlkn foey dh dfork,a gSaA

vuqokn ds varxZr bl vad esa okYrs;j dh Ýsap dgkfu;ksa dks fganh vuqokn ds :i esa izLrqr fd;k x;k

gSA MkW- lR;sUæ dqekj] izys[ku vf/kdkjh us Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa Ñf"k vkSj efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk ij egRoiw.kZ

fopkj O;Dr fd, gSaA ^Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dh vkRek o fo'o dh lkjxfHkZr Hkk"kk % laLÑr* esa le`) Hkk"kk laLÑr

ds egRo dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA fo'ofo|ky; ds dqylfpo us viuh dforkvksa dh NVk ifjyf{kr dh gSA izks- nscsUæ

pkScs dh dgkuh ^1764* rFkk MkW- xaxk lgk; eh.kk dh dgkuh ^iwl dh ,d vkSj jkr* vius <ax dh vyx

dgkfu;k¡ gSaA

gekjh bl if=dk dk mn~ns'; u dsoy oSpkfjd vfHkO;fDr gS] vfirq ljdkjh dkedkt esa jktHkk"kk

fganh ds iz;ksx dks c<+kok nsuk Hkh gSA ge lq/kh ikBdksa ls oSpkfjd lk>k djus ds fy, vkeaf=r djrs gSaA rkfd

if=dk ds vkxkeh vadksa esa mu fopkjksa dks mfpr LFkku fn;k tk ldsA vkids jpukRed ys[ku o vuqHkoksa ls

gesa iszj.kk feyrh jgsxhA

vk'kk gS bl vad dks Hkh ikBdx.k #fpdj vkSj mi;ksxh ik,¡xsA izcq) ikBdksa dh izfrfØ;k,¡ o lg;ksx

if=dk ds vxys vad dks vkSj vf/kd lkFkZd o mi;ksxh cukus esa gekjh lgk;rk djsxk & blh vk'ofLr

cks/k ds lkFkA

çks- xksfcUn izlkn

o"kZ&2 vad&4 tqykbZ&fnlEcj] 2014 @3

dfo ls lk{kkRdkj *dsnkjukFk flag

¼dsnkjukFk flag ls xksfcUn izlkn dh ckrphr½

ckrphr

fgUnh ds ofj"B dfo izks- dsnkjukFk flag vktgekjs lkFk gSaA lIrdh; dfo;ksa esa mudk egRoiw.kZ LFkkugSA fiNys ipkl o"kks± ls os dkO; l`tu esa jr gSa vkSj gekjsle; ds u;s dfo;ksa ij Hkh muds dkO; O;fDrRo dk izHkkofn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA rks eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd fgUnh dfork ij vkSjmlls Hkh igys dsnkj th dh dkO;&;k=k ds ckjs esa getkusaA rks blh lanHkZ esa eSa lcls igys ;g tkuuk pkgrk gw¡fd vkf[+kj dfork dks vkius D;ksa pquk gksxk \ dfork dhrjQ+ vki dSls pys x, \

dsnkjukFk flag % xksfcUn th] igyh ckr rks ;sfd tc eSa dfo gksrk gw¡ vkSj dfork ij ckr djrk gw¡ ---,dsMsfed nqfu;k ls ckgj] rks eSa izksQ+slj ugha gksrk gw¡A

xksfcUn izlkn % th !

dsnkjukFk flag % blfy, eSa izksQslj dsnkjukFkflag ugha cksy jgk gw¡] dsnkjukFk flag cksy jgk gw¡A ;s cM+kQ+dZ gS esjs fy,] ,dsMsfed nqfu;k esa jgrs gq, ,d jpukdkjcus jgukA ;s fdruk Jelk/; gS eSa tkurk gw¡A D;ksafdigyh ckr rks ;g fd vki tc iBu&ikBu dh nqfu;k lstqM+rs gSa] tks lkfgR; dh gh nqfu;k gS] rks ,d [+kkl rjgdh daMh'kfuax gksrh gSA dqN jpukdkjksa dks vki i<krs gSa];k i<+kuk iM+rk gSA pkgs u pkgs i<+kuk iM+rk gSA dqN ckrsaoks djuh iM+rh gSa] le>kuh iM+rh gSa tks vnjokbt+ 'kk;nvki u le>krsA rks blesa gksrk D;k gS fd ,d rjg dk ;s],d vkids iwjs eukstxr ij izHkko Mkyrk gS] fQj vkidk,d Hkko&yksx curk gS ftlls ckgj fudyus ds fy, la?k"kZdjuk iM+rk gSA dqN nqfu;k esa cM+s dfo gq, gSa tks ,dsMfednqfu;k ls vk, gSaA eSa cM+k dfo gksus dk nkok ugha djrkA,d lkekU; fgUnh dk tks jax&<ax gS mlds Hkhrj lsfudyus okyk dfo gw¡] vkSj eSaus dksf'k'k ;g dh gS fd tks;g daMh'kfuax gS] ,dsMfed nqfu;k dh] og eq>s ckf/kr udjsA rks eSaus mls rksM+us dh dksf'k'k dh gSA vkSj vxj ,d'kCn esa eq>ls iwNk tk, rks esjh ;fn dksbZ lQyrk gS rks lwj]rqylh vkSj ds'ko vkSj Qyka&<ekdkA dqN vPNs yksx mlesaHkh FksA eSa tc Hkh fujkyk dks i<+krk Fkk eq>s lq[k feyrkFkkA izlkn dks i<+kus ls Hkh lq[k feyrk Fkk] ij fujkyk esaeq>s T+;knk feyrk FkkA vkSj ;gh eq>s ckj&ckj yxrk Fkkfd bl ijaijk esa ftudks eSa i<+k jgk gw¡ x+kfyc D;ksa ugha gSa]

ehj D;ksa ugha gSa] ut+hj D;ksa ugha gSa] oxSjg&oxSjgA ;sijEijk Hkh yxkrkj] eSa fcYdqy vius rgs&fny ls ekurk gw¡fd ;s gekjs dfo gSa] gekjh ijEijk ds dfo gSaA vkSj fgUnhds dfo;ksa dks vkSj vk/kqfud dfo;ksa dks i<+krs gq, eq>syxkrkj yxrk gS fd eSa ?kkVs esa gw¡A

xksfcUn izlkn % vkius vHkh tks ckrsa dgha] mlls,d lkFk dbZ rksa eu esa mHkj jgh gSaA ysfdu ml Øe esa eSalcls igys D;ksafd vkius ftl rjg ls daMh'kfuax dh ckrdh rks eq>s yxk fd dgha vki ekurs gSa fd v/;kid gksusds ukrs] vkSj v/;kid gksus ds lkFk&lkFk D;ksafd vki dfoHkh gSa] rks ;g tks dfo gksuk gS mlesa dgha uk dgha ,dck/;rk eglwl djrs gSaA ,d vojks/k dh fLFkfr tSlkeryc --- D;ksafd vkius ,d 'kCn iz;ksx fd;k fd tSlsi<+kuk iM+rk gS rks 'kk;n ,slk yxrk gS tSls ---

dsnkjukFk flag % eq>s ;kn vk;k xksfcUn thAcgqr igys eSaus dgha i<+k Fkk fd ,d dfo Fks] dksbZ ykbddjs uk djs] ysfdu cM+s dfo rks Fks gh Vh-,l- bfy;VA rksmudks iks,Vªh ps;j dk] tgk¡ rd fd dSfEczt esa ;k vkWDlQksMZesa dgk¡ vkWQ+j fd;k Fkk] Hkwy jgk gw¡ ;g izLrko fo'ofo|ky;dh rjQ ls vk;k Fkk vkSj mUgksaus vLohdkj dj fn;k Fkk];g dgrs gq, fd ogk¡ eq>s mu dfo;ksa ij ckr djuh iM+sxh]mu jpukdkjksa ij ckr djuh iM+sxh] ftUgsa eSa ilan ughadjrkA rks viuh ilan ds jpukdkjksa ij ckr djus ds fy,eSa ogk¡ vkt+kj ugha gksÅ¡xk blfy, eSa QksZLM dksbZ] fdlhjpukdkj ij cykr ckr djus ds fy, eq>ls dgk tk,]D;ksafd dkslZ LVªDpj bl rjg dk gksrk gS rks eSa mls Lohdkjugha d:¡xkA

gkyk¡fd eSa ;g Hkh tkurk gw¡ fd ;g tks ^iks,Vªhps;j* mUgsa vkWQ+j dh xbZ Fkh] mlesa ,slh dksbZ ck/;rk FkhughaA mudks dqN&dqN Hkk"k.k nsus Fks ogk¡ rdjhjsa djuh FkhavkSj mleas oks viuh rjg ls ckr dj ldrs FksA cM+slkfgR;dkj Fks] cM+s vkykspd Hkh FksA ij mUgksaus ;s IokbUVjst+ fd;k Fkk mlesa fd ;s leL;k gS ,dsMfed nqfu;k dhtks muls vis{kk dh tkrh FkhA eku yhft,] mUgksaus dgk rksugha ij eSa tksM+ jgk gw¡ vxj eq>ls dgk tkrk ;k dksbZ iz'udjrk fd feYVu ij vkius ;s fy[kk gS rks D;ksa fy[kk gS \feYVu mUgsa ilan ugha Fkk] fy[k pqds gSa osA ysfdu mUgksaus

*lk{kkRdkjnkrk Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkj ¼o"kZ 2014½ ls lEekfur gSarFkk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dsUnz esa çksQslj ,esfjVl gSaA


dgk fd ;fn eSa viuh ckr iwjs ckyk?kkr ds lkFk dgw¡xkNk=ksa ds lkeus fd eSa blfy, ;gh eku¡w fd eSa lgh gw¡ vkSjtks Nk= fy[ksxk rks gks ldrk gS fd Qsy gks tk, ogA

vkSj ;g ge lc tkurs gSa fd bl ,dsMfednqfu;k ds lkFk ijh{kk iz.kkyh tqM+h gqbZ gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % ughaA ilan uk gksuk rks ,d ckrgSA ysfdu ilan uk gksus ds ihNs Vh-,l- bfy;V rks dkj.kfxuk;saxs] ;k muds tks vius rdZ gksaxs rks mlesa viuh dksbZu dksbZ ckr t+:j gksxh ftlls os lkfcr djsaxs fd eSafeYVu dks D;ksa ugha ilan djrkA esjk eryc ;s gS fd lkjhpht+sa rks ,d vkneh ds ilan ds Hkhrj ugha lek ldrh gSaAysfdu ckotwn blds ---

dsnkjukFk flag % ij vkidks ilan djuk iM+sxkAvxj vki ds'ko dks i<+k jgs gSa] eq>s ds'ko dfo ds :i esailan ugha gSA ysfdu vxj eSa Nk= dks ds'ko dks i<+k jgkgw¡ vkSj dgw¡ fd ds'ko [+kjkc dfo Fks rks t+kfgj gS fd os Qsygks tk;saxsA

xksfcUn izlkn % ysfdu] ;fn ds'konkl dh dqNdet+ksfj;k¡ gSa] rks eSa le>rk gw¡ fd mUgsa lkeus ykuk pkfg,Afo|kfFkZ;ksa ls mUgsa 'ks;j djuk pkfg,A ;s ,d vyx etcwjhgS fd dkslZ esa ds'ko gSa] ysfdu ckotwn blds ---

dsnkjukFk flag % ugha] vki tLVhQkbZ dj jgs gSaml dke dksA eSa vkids i{k esa ugha gw¡A eSa vkidk leFkZuugha d:¡xkA ;s etcwfj;k¡ gSa ,d v/;kid dh] tks djuhiM+rh gSaA

xksfcUn izlkn % gk¡A foo'krk rks gSaA

dsnkjukFk flag % eSa ---A vkaidks ,d ?ksjs esa dkedjuk gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % eSa ;s rks] blls rks lger gksldrk gw¡ D;ksafd vki veqd dfo dks ilan ugha djrs rkst+kfgj gS fd mldks i<+kus esa Hkh vkidh 'kk;n oSlhfnypLih u gksA

dsnkjukFk flag % cgjgky vkidh ckrksa dkslEeku nsrs gq, eSa dgw¡xk fd ;s daMh'kfuax gksrh gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % gk¡] fcYdqyA lger gw¡A

dsnkjukFk flag % vkSj mlesa fQj vki Nk=ksa dslkFk fj,DV djrs gSa] Nk= Ýs'k gksrs gSaA rkt+xh Hkjh gksrhgS muesaA ysfdu fQj ml nqfu;k esa rks besP;ksj Hkh gksrs gSa]dPps Hkh gksrs gSaA rks ogk¡ muls ckr djds] mudks i<+krs gq,gekjh tks /kkj.kk curh gS oks dbZ ckj] mldh viuh lhek,¡Hkh gksrh gSaA ml nqfu;k ds ckgj Hkh ,d cM+h nqfu;k gSA

jpukdkj dh nqfu;k Dykl :e dh nqfu;k ugha gS] mllsckgj dh nqfu;k gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % thA

dsnkjukFk flag % rks eSa tks crk jgk Fkk fd eSadjhc&djhc 30&32 lky i<+krk jgk gw¡] vkSj ;s i<+krs gq,yxkrkj eglwl djrk jgk gw¡ fd ,d v/;kid dks ,dvyx <ax dk la?k"kZ djuk iM+rk gS] vkSj oks ftl nqfu;k easftl rjg dk dke dj jgk gS] D;ksafd oks ijh{kk Hkh ysrkgS] Qsy&ikl Hkh djrk gSA vkSj ftu vk/kkjksa ij ge djrsgSa] mlesa dbZ ckj vius dks larks"k ugha feyrk gSA eSa tkurkgw¡ rks ;s lkjh fLFkfr;k¡ tks gSa] bUgha dks eSa daMh'kfuax dgjgk Fkk] fdlh Hkh rjg dh daMh'kfuax lkfgR; ds fy,fgrdj ugha gSA esjk eryc ;s gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % th] thA eSa rks ;g pkgrk Fkk fdtks igyk vkidk ladyu ---A

dsnkjukFk flag % eSaus tc ;s dgk rks blfy,dgk tc vkius izksQ+slj dgkA u dgk gksrk rks eSa u dgrkA

xksfcUn izlkn % cgjgkyA eSaus 'kk;n lEeku dhnf"V ls ,slk dgk D;ksafd lh/ks uke ysuk esjs fy, laHko ughagks jgk Fkk blfy, eSaus dgkA cgjgky ysfdu eSa ckr rks;gk¡ ls 'kq: djuk pkgrk Fkk fd 1960 esa ^vHkh fcYdqyvHkh* uke ls vkidk tks ladyu vk;k rks mlls igys tks^rhljk lIrd* esa vkidh dfork,¡ vk pqdh Fkha ---

dsnkjukFk flag % nksuksa ,d gh o"kZ esa vkb±A

xksfcUn izlkn % yxHkx] esjk [+k;ky gS oks] dqNigys 'kk;n] esjs [+k;ky ls 1959 ---A

dsnkjukFk flag % ugha] nks&pkj eghus dk Q+dZ+]ysfdu o"kZ ,d gh FkkA tks dfork,¡ vHkh fcYdqy vHkh* esagSa mldh dqN dfork,¡ mlesa gSa] dqN ugha Hkh gSaA

xksfcUn izlkn % rks esjs eu esa loky tks Fkk oks;s Fkk fd mu dforkvksa dks ns[kdj ,dk,d ;g eglwlugha gksrk fd oks dPph dfork,¡ gSaA mudk ,d jax gS viukvkSj cgqr ifjiDork fy, gq, gSaA rks ;s esjs fy, vk'p;Z dhckr gS fd igys igy tks dfo lkeus vkrk gS oks Hkh lIrdijEijk esa oks bruh et+cwrh ds lkFk ---A

dsnkjukFk flag % eSa ,d ckr dgw¡A rhljk lIrd*rS;kj djrs le; Hkh vkSj ;s laxzg tks gSa igyk----A

xksfcUn izlkn % ^vHkh fcYdqy vHkh* ---A

dsnkjukFk flag % mlesa cgqr de dfork,¡ pquhaeSausA mu lkjh dforkvksa esa ls tks esjs lkeus FkhaA tks esjhle> Fkh ml le; oks cgqr dPph Fkha ;gh dgw¡xk rks mlds


rgr oks p;u eSaus rS;kj fd;k FkkA tks rS;kj fd;k Fkk okslkjk ugha NikA esjs ,d fe= Fks] vkSj dgkuhdkj Fks]ekdZ.Ms;A rks ekdZ.Ms; us ,d izdk'ku 'kq: fd;k FkkA D;kuke Fkk mldk \ nsf[k, uke Hkh Hkwy jgk gw¡A rks mlizdk'ku ds vUrxZr mls izdkf'kr fd;k] fcuk gkfu&ykHkds] ekdZ.Ms; usA

xksfcUn izlkn % ^rhljk lIrd ls igys*A

dsnkjukFk flag % mlh ds vkl&iklA

xksfcUn izlkn % mlh ds vkl&ikl

dsnkjukFk flag % ^rhljk lIrd* mlds cknvk;k gSA ;s rks mUgksaus mls Nkik u;k izdk'ku* Fkk --- 'kk;n;gh uke FkkA esjh ,d fdrkc Nkih mUgksausA Lo;a ek¡xdjNkihA eSa mlds fy, vkxzg'khy ugha Fkka rks dforkvksa dk oksp;u cuk Fkk oks cM+k FkkA mleas ogh dfork,¡ mruh ugha Fkhaftruh vkt gSa] dqN vkSj vf/kd Fkha] rks oks mudh lhek Fkhfd eq>s bruk gh Nkiuk gSA dqN vFkZ i{k Hkh gksxkA D;ksafdviuh tsc ds iSls ls fudky jgs Fks oksA rks oks lkjh dfork,¡Nk¡V nhaA mUgksaus dgk fd eSa fudky jgk gw¡A esjs fy, rks ;glkSHkkX; dh ckr FkhA dfork dkSu Nkirk FkkA vkt Hkhdfork dkSu Nkirk gS \ og esjs fy, cM+h ckr FkhA ekdZ.Ms;dk eSa yxkrkj ÑrK gw¡A rks mldk tks Lo:i curk og ughacukA ogh dfork,¡ jg xb±] tks mUgksaus jgus nhaA chp dhdgkuh eSa NksM+ jgk gw¡A ckn esa eSa cukjl ls ckgj pyk x;k]vius thou&la?k"kZ esa tqV x;kA dkQh yacs le; rd ogiRuh dh chekjh ls ijs'kku jgkA ;g lc dqN gqvkA mleas u,laxzg dk fudyuk Vyrk jgkA

esjh leL;k ;g Hkh fd tks dfork,¡ ^vHkh dhfcYdqy vHkh* ls Nk¡V nh xbZ Fkha yxrk Fkk eq>s fd oks iqjkuhiM+ jgh gSa vkSj ubZ dfork,¡ bruh ugha Fkha fd u;k laxzgfudkyk tk ldsA bl rjg u;k laxzg Vyrk x;kA mldsckn tSlk fd eSaus vkils fuosnu fd;k fd esjh iRuh dhchekjh --- mldks ysdj ik¡p&lkr lky rd eSa bl fLFkfr esaugha Fkk fd dfork ds ckjs esa lksp Hkh ldw¡A vkSj oks Hk;kudjksx FkkA dSalj dh is'ksaV Fkha oksA rks mudks ysdj ;gk¡ Hkkxuk]ogk¡ Hkkxuk] bykt djuk vkSj nqHkkZX; ls mudks bykt dsckn ik¡p&Ng lky dh mez feyh --- oks fQj jgh ugha --- xqtjxb±A rks mleas laxzg dk vkuk Vyrk jgk esjkA oks tkds 1980esa Nik gSA t+ehu id jgh gS*A t+ehu id jgh gS* esa Hkh oksdfork,¡ tks rRdky cuh Fkha ogha eSaus nhaA tks NwV xbZ Fkha okseSaus 'kkfey ugha dhaA rks ;s ,sls cukA

xksfcUn izlkn % ysfdu esjs [+k;ky ls fgUnhdfork ds tks ikBd gSa muds lkeus ges'kk ,d cM+k loky

;g jgk gS fd tks dfork,¡ vkidh lIrd esa vkb± vkSj mudsek/;e ls tks ,d rLohj vkidh curh gS ftlds ,dfyfjflLV iks,V ds :i esa vki mHkjdj vkrs gSa vkSj cknesa ^t+ehu id jgh gS* esa dforkvksa dk tks ¶ysoj gS esjs[+k;ky ls Vsduhd dh n`f"V ls Hkh] tks dkO;&fufeZfr gSvkidh oks ,slk yxrk gS fd ;s oks dfo gh ugha gSaA mlusvius vkidks fcYdqy cny fy;k gSA rks ;s ,d lkeF;Z dhHkh ckr gS] ,d dfo ds Hkhrj cgqr lkjs jax gksrs gSa] vkSj ,ddkO;&fodkl dh rjg Hkh bls ns[kk tk ldrk gSA rks cgqrlkjs loky bl ckr ls tqM+s gSaA ;s tks chl lky dk oDQ+kgS 60 ls 80 ds njfe;ku] ;g vius vki esa cM+k vge vkSj,d izLFkku dh rjg gsA

dsnkjukFk flag % cM+k oDQ+k gS ;sa vkSj vkiuslgh dgk fd oks ,d vyx izLFkku gSa ^t+ehu id jgh gS*dh dforkvksa esa rduhd ds fygkt ls Hkh] VsEij ds fygktls Hkh] Hkko&cks/k ds fygkt ls Hkh cgqr cM+k Q+d+Z gSA igyslaxzg lsA yxHkx u le> esa vkus okykA

xksfcUn izlkn % gk¡] fcYdqyA

dsnkjukFk flag % ysfdu eSa dgw¡xk esjs Hkhrj ,dfyfjd iks,V Fkk] ,d cgqr lw{e /kjkry ij] vius rjhd+sls og ogk¡ Hkh ekStwn gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % og ogk¡ gS] mlesa gS fcYdqy---A

dsnkjukFk flag % vkSj FkksM+k&cgqr og vkt Hkhesjs Hkhrj ft+ank gSA Hkys gh og Hks"k cny&cnydj vk,A okstks ewy rRo gS og Hks"k cnydj esjs ;gk¡ vkrk jgk gS] t+ehuid jgh gS* ds ckjs esa ,d ckr eSa dgw¡xk fd eSa mlds izdk'kudks ysdj vkt Hkh cgqr pfdr gksrk gw¡ fd oks ,dne ls brukT+;knk dbZ dkj.kksa ls vkSj dbZ u le> esa vkus okys dkj.kksals pfpZr gqvk vkSj mldk nwj rd izHkko iM+kA

vHkh fdlh us eq>s Q+ksu ij dgk fd vHkh Hkhvkidk fiz; laxzg ogh gS] fgUnh ds thfor dfo;ksa esa ,ddfo us ftudk uke ysuk eSa t+:jh ugha le>rk dgk fdtc ;g fdrkc vkbZ Fkh rks eSa jkr&jkr Hkj fy,&fy,fQjrk FkkA

rks og dqN vyx Fkk fd ,d dfork dh /kkjk FkhubZ dfork dh u, dfo;ksa dhA ubZ dfork cklh lh iM+pqdh Fkh] vkSj ,d /kkjk Fkh tks izxfr'khy dfo dke dj jgsFks] mudh Hkh ,d /kkjk FkhA buds chp dh dksbZ /kkjk ughaFkhA rks 'kk;n fdlh gn rd --- ^t+ehu id jgh gS* laxzgchp dk ,d ---

xksfcUn izlkn % nksuksa /kkjkvksa ds chp eas ,d iqycukrh gqbZ dfork,¡ gSaA


dsnkjukFk flag % gk¡] jkLrk cukus dk ,d iz;kltSlk dqN FkkA cuk fd ugha cuk eSa ugha dg ldrkA rks ogFkkA eSa rks tSls vlarq"V FkkA vkSj izxfr'khy dfork dk mlle; tks <k¡pk Fkk mlls Hkh vlarq"V FkkA izxfr'khy dforkus Nyk¡x yxkbZ gS 80 esa ;kuh ckn ds le; esaA bejtsUlhds cknA bejtsUlh ds ckn ;k mlds vkl&iklA

xksfcUn izlkn % ubZ dfork ls vlarqf"V dk dksbZ[+kkl dkj.k ;k mldh dksbZ oSpkfjd otg ---

dsnkjukFk flag % ubZ dfork ,d cgqr gh lhfere/;oxZ ds cgqr NksVs fgLls dh dfork Fkh] tks cgqr jksekuhfd+Le ds bykgkckn dk ,d xqzi Fkk mu yksxksa ds fnekx dhmit FkhA oks ,d ygj mBkus dh dksf'k'k t+:j dj jgs Fks]ysfdu mlesa lkFkZd iz;kl mudk cuk ughaA os [kqn eglwldj jgs FksA

fot;nso ukjk;.k lkgh vkSj losZ'oj n;ky lDlsukds ckn dk fodkl ns[ksa rks yxrk gS fd bu yksxksa us ubZdfork dh :f<+;ksa dks le> fy;k Fkk] mldks cnyus dhdksf'k'k dj jgs FksA ey;t us dbZ ckj bl ij fVIif.k;k¡dh gSaA ogha 'ke'ksj Fks] mlh bykgkckn 'kgj esa 'ke'ksj FkhFksA vkSj 'ke'ksj us rks dHkh viuk <ax&<jkZ cnyk gh ughaA'ke'ksj dh cgqr cM+h [kwch gS fd dksbZ vkneh bruk ft+íh<ax ls flQ+Z 'ke'ksj cuk jgsA oks dqN vkSj u cuus ns viusdksA eSa mls cgqr cM+h pqukSrh Hkjh fLFkfr ekurk gw¡A tSls'kiFk gSa \ 'ke'ksjA vkSj dkQ+h gn rd lQy jgsA gj cM+sdfo dh foQyrk,¡ Hkh gksrh gSaA mudh Hkh cgqr gSa] ysfducM+s Fks] bldks ysdj dksbZ nks&er ugha gSaA de ls de esjseu esa ugha gS] rks oks Hkh FksA oks ubZ dfork dk foykse FksAbykgkckn esa 'ke'ksj ubZ dfork dk foykse FksA ubZ dforkftu fnuksa fy[kh tk jgh Fkh mu fnuksa fujkyk Hkh thforFks] iar rks Fks ghA

xksfcUn izlkn % ysfdu] ubZ dfork ls mUgksausdHkh esjs [+k;ky ls cgqr Li"V :i ls fojks/k rks ugha fd;kA

dsnkjukFk flag % fojks/k ugha foykse dg jgk gw¡Afojks/k ugha fd;k mUgksaus] ysfdu oks 'ke'ksj gh cus jgsA'ke'ksj dk viuk <ax ;g Fkk fd 'ke'ksj vius LoHkko esavkSj ,d det+ksjh dh gn rd brus fycjy dHkh&dHkh gkstkrs Fks fd oks eq>s ;kn gS fd oks ,d dfo lEesyuh dfodh Hkh rkjhQ+ dj jgs Fks eq>lsA uhjt dh dforkvksa dh dbZckj rkjhQ+ dh Fkh mUgksausA ;s lc Fkk muesaA cgjgky] tgk¡'ke'ksj viuh dfork dh ckr vkrh Fkh] ogk¡ flQ+Z ogh gksrsFks tks fd oks FksA dksbZ le>kSrk ughaa 'ke'ksj us viusdkO;&xq# ds lkFk vkSj viuh vU; iz.kkyh ds lkFk dHkh

dksbZ le>kSrk ugha fd;kA blhfy, os fVds jgsA fVds gSa]fVds jgsaxsA

xksfcUn izlkn % fVds jgsaxsA

dsnkjukFk flag % rks ubZ dfork dk ,d fodYioks Hkh FksA ij mu fnuksa oks cgqr ikiqyj ugha FksA ;s vk'p;Zdh ckr gS] vkSj gedks bls Hkwyuk ugha pkfg, fd ubZ dforkds dfo ugha] lcls igys egRoiw.kZ ys[k 'ke'ksj ij fy[kkfot;nso ukjk;.k lkgh usA 'ke'ksj ds dkO; dh vuqHkwfr dhcukoV* ;s igyk ys[k Fkk 'ke'ksj ij tks cgqr le>nkjh dslkFk fy[kk x;k FkkA vkSj muds egRo dks mUgksaus js[kkafdrfd;k vkSj cgqr cM+s lyhds ls] iwjk v/;;u djrs gq, mudhdfork dks] muds lkSan;Z dks crkrs gq,A

xksfcUn izlkn % thA

dsnkjukFk flag % oks ,d cM+k ys[kd Fkk tks'ke'ksj dh Iysflax djrk Fkk iwjs lsV&vi esa bfrgkl esaA eSa;g Hkh dguk pkgrk gw¡ fd fot;nso ukjk;.k lkgh dk ogys[k ubZ dfork dh lhekvksa ij ,d cgqr cM+h fVIi.kh FkhAl[+r fVIi.kh FkhA D;ksafd mUgksaus ubZ dfork ds Hkhrj] dksbZugha feyk ftldks ml rjg ls oks Iysl djsa] iwjs ifjn'; esavkSj cM+s dfo ds :i esa Lohdkj djsaA lkgh izcq) O;fDr Fks]jktuhfrK FksA oks lks'kfyLV Fks \ yksfg;kbV~l FksA rksmlesa ,d vyx mudk vk;ke FkkA oks etnwjksa ds chp dkedjrs FksA lkgh Hknksgh ds cqudj et+nwjksa ds chp dke djrsFksA ,e-ih- dk pquko Hkh yM+k Fkk] gkj x,A ;s lc FkkAblfy, lkgh dk ,d lkoZtfud thou Hkh Fkk] vkSj bldslkFk&lkFk u, vuqHko Hkh FksA bu u, vuqHkoksa us 'kk;nck/; fd;k mudks fd oks ubZ dfork ds ?ksjs ls ckgj vkdjubZ dfork ds foykse ds :i esa tks dfo [kM+k gksrk gS ogha]bykgkckn esa ml le; ekStwn Fkk ml ij fy[ksa vkSj mldsegRo dks Lohdkj djsaA 'ke'ksj dk ;g egRo Lohdkj fd;ktkuk ubZ dfork ds ,d O;k[;kdkj ds }kjk bls eSa fgUnhlkfgR; ds bfrgkl dh ,d cM+h ?kVuk ekurk gw¡ vkSj blsubZ dfork ds Lo:i ij cgqr l[+r fVIi.kh ekurk gw¡A rksyhft,A ;s cM+k IokbaV gqvkA

xksfcUn izlkn % gk¡] ;s cgqr cM+k IokbaV gS vkSj--- ysfdu ;s] cgqr cM+h ckr vkius dgh] ysfdu blds lkFk,d loky fd vkidh ckr ls esjs eu esa vpkud ls mitkgSA D;ksafd vkius vius dks crkrs gq, dgk fd ;s tks tceSa ckr dj jgk Fkk fd t+ehu id jgh gS* vkSj vHkh fcYdqyvHkh* ds chp dk ,d yEck tks oDQ+k gS] varjky gS vkSjmlesa vki fcYdqy ,d u;s dfo dh rjg ls] ,d u;seqgkojs ds lkFk] vkrs gSa rks vkSj mlesa vkius tksM+k gS fd ;s


tks Hks"k cnyus dh vfuok;Zrk ;k dksbZ foo'krk dfo dsHkhrj jgrh gksxh] ysfdu ,d gh rjQ vkius vHkh dgk fdtks 'ke'ksj gSa oks viuh gh eqgkojs esa vkf[+kj rd vfMx jgs]viuh gh ckrksa ij vfMx jgs] viuh tks mudh vfHk#fp gS;k tks mudk viuk lkSUn;Z gS --- jgrs ;kuh dgus dkeryc ;s fd mUgsa dksbZ Hks"k cnyus dh 'kk;n t+:jr ughaiM+rh gSA rks vkf[+kj ;s D;k chp esa gS ---

dsnkjukFk flag % loky ;s gS --- vPNk lokyiwNk vkiusA 'ke'ksj ,d izkS<+ dfo cu pqds FksA eSa ysfdu rcHkh ukSflf[k;k Fkk] lh[kus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk Fkk] eSa gjfdlh ls lh[krk Fkk] f=ykspu rks Fks gh cukjl esa vkSj mulscgqr lh[krk Fkk eSaA gkyk¡fd f=ykspu ls ftruk lh[kukpkfg, Fkk eq>s] mruk lh[k ugha ik;kA muls vkSj csgrjlh[kk tk ldrk FkkA 'ke'ksj ls lh[kuk dfBu Fkk] vkSj eSa'ke'ksj dks dbZ ckj idM+ ugha ikrk Fkk] vPNs yxrs Fks oks]cgqr vPNs yxrs FksA ysfdu ,d chp esa tksM+uk pkgrk gw¡ fdoks tks oDQ+k ftldh ckr dj jgs gSa] chp okyk ---

xksfcUn izlkn % th gk¡ oks ---A

dsnkjukFk flag % mlesa tks dfork,¡ fy[kh xbZFkha vkSj tks vHkh fcYdqy vHkh* esa ugha vkb± vkSj t+ehu idjgh gS* esa vkrha rks cklh iM+rh gqbZ yx jgh FkhaA rks mlesamudks ugha fn;k eSaus] jksd fy;kA eSa dksf'k'k esa gw¡ fd okschp esa dh dfork,¡ Hkh ---

xksfcUn izlkn % vkuk pkfg, mUgsaA

dsnkjukFk flag % NksVs&eksVs laxzg ds :i esa vktk,¡A ij nqHkkZX; ls dqN dfork,¡ [kks xbZ Fkha vkSj eq>s mldhdkWih dgha vk/kh&v/kwjh Hkh --- dgha iwjh fey xbZ gSaA rks eSa nsustk jgk gw¡A oks rhl&pkyhl dfork,¡ gSaA rks mudk ,d laxzgvk,xk] ;s gks ldrk gS fd lky esa gh vk tk,¡ ;k ---

xksfcUn izlkn % rks oks dfork,¡ cklh iM+ xbZ gSa]vkidks ,slk D;ksa yxus yxkA

vkSj oks mudh cukoV --- ugha gks ldrk gS fd okstks ckn esa vkius dfork,¡ fy[kha vkidks yxk gksxk fd ;smlls vkxs dh ;k ---

dsnkjukFk flag % ;s le> dk Qsj Hkh gks ldrkgSA vHkh Hkh mu dforkvksa dks ns[k jgk Fkk rks eq>s yxk -

xksfcUn izlkn % eq>s yxrk gS fd ikBd lektrks mu dforkvksa dks vkt Hkh cgqr pkgrk gS vkSj D;ksafddqN yksxksa us 'kk;n oks dfork,¡ i<+h gSaA

dsnkjukFk flag % gks ldrk gSA gks ldrk gSAvHkh eSaus dgk fd ,d esjh dfork Fkh tks eSa Hkh Hkwy x;k

gw¡ vkSj fgUnh D;ksa ;kn j[ksxh \ fgUnh dks ;kn j[kus dhvknr ugha gSA ^'kke ,d vkfne eu%fLFkfr* ;s dYiuk esaNih FkhA Nan esa fy[krk Fkk] Nan&csNan nksuksa esa fy[krk FkkANan esa Hkh fy[krk Fkk csNan esa HkhA rks vHkh dgk¡ eSaus i<+kfd ml dfork ij fdlh us ,d i= fy[kk Fkk] ml le;AeSaus ugha fn;k laxzg esa mldksA dqN ikBdksa us rks ns[kk ghgksxk HkbZ ! vkSj lHkh ikBdksa rd igq¡p gks ugha ikrhA mudkQhM&cSd feyrk Hkh ugha ges'kkA rks --- 'kk;n ;s lgh gksvkidk dguk fd mlds ikBd gksaxs vius bUgha lkjh ckrksadks ns[krs gq, oks dfork,¡ eSa <w¡<+ jgk gw¡A vkSj vHkh oksdfork feyh ugha eq>s] ysfdu fey tk,¡xhA eSasus irk djfy;k gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % vPNkA

dsnkjukFk flag % dgha Vsªl eSaus dj fy;k gSA mudforkvksa dk ,d p;u eSa ns jgk gw¡A mlls 'kk;n oks chpdk xSi tks gS mldh FkksM+h&lh HkjikbZ gksA iwjh ughaAD;ksafd cgqr&lh dfork,¡ [kks xbZ gSaA cgqr&lhA

xksfcUn izlkn % gw¡ ! gw¡ ---

dsnkjukFk flag % vc oks dgha ughafeysaxhA ,d cgqr ekewyh if=dk eku yhft, nsofj;k* lsNirh FkhA vc oks if=dk --- vc mldh izfr rks feysxhugha] NksVs dLcs ls Nirh FkhA mlesa NihA Jhdkar oekZ ,dif=dk fudkyrs Fks mldk uke ---

xksfcUn izlkn % ÑfrA

dsnkjukFk flag % ugha HkkbZ] ;s rks ckn dh ckr gSA;s rks eSa vkfndky dh ckr dj jgk gw¡] vius vkfndky dhA

rks oks ubZ fn'kk* ;k fn'kk* tks Hkh uke mldk gks]oks fcykliqj ls fudyrh Fkh vkSj rc Jhdkar oekZ fnYyhugha vk, FksA ogha jgrs Fksa rc oks brus izfl) Hkh ugha FksAla;ksx gh dfg, fd oks esjh dfork,¡ irk ugha D;ksa FkksM+hvPNh yxrh Fkha mudks ml le;A

xksfcUn izlkn % vPNk] vPNkA

dsnkjukFk flag % rks eq>s i= fy[kk djrs Fks --- rksA

xksfcUn izlkn % fcykliqj ls ghA

dsnkjukFk flag % fcykliqj lsA bl rjg lsgekjk&mudk i=kpkj gqvkA vkSj oks 'kq: ls gh ubZ dforkds fojks/kh FkhA

xksfcUn izlkn % vPNkA

dsnkjukFk flag % Jhdkar oekZ vius i=ksa esayxkrkj dgrs Fks fd rqEgkjh dforkvksa esa ubZ dfork ugha


gSA ubZ dfork ls vyx ,d jax gS tks ubZ dfork okyksa esaugha gSA dqN ns'khiu] dqN---dqN fn[krk gksxkA mlesa ,ddfork vkSj oks igys esjs Lokn cks/k esa ---A eSa dguk pkgw¡xk--- mu fnuksa esjk ifjp; ftl dfo ls gqvk] nks dfo FksA ,dikWy ,yqokj] ,d us#nkA us#nk ls igys eSa ifjfpr gqvk]ikWy ,yqokj ls ckn esaA ,d Fks Ýsap] ,d Fks Lisfu'kA

xksfcUn izlkn % thA

dsnkjukFk flag % us#nk dh dqN dfork,¡ i<+hFkhaA vjs ! eq>s ,dne ls ubZ nqfu;k [kqyrh gqbZ yxhAvaxszth vuqokn eSaus dforkvksa ds ns[ks Fks vkSj ,dne ls eq>syxk fd vjs ! ;s rks d;k nqfu;k gS !

xksfcUn izlkn % vPNk --- !

dsnkjukFk flag % ,fyl oaMjyS.M* dh rjg eq>syxk fd vjs ! ;s dke vk,¡xhA vjs ! ;s ge dgk¡ iM+s Fks vcrdA rks ;s vlj FkkA mudkA vkSj ml ---A

xksfcUn çlkn % ;s yxHkx dc dh ckrsa gksaxh \fdl le; dh \

dsnkjukFk flag % 53&54

xksfcUn izlkn % 53&54

dsnkjukFk flag % rks eSaus b.VjehfM,V djds ch-,- esa izos'k fd;k FkkA ;s oks le; FkkA cukjl esa ;s lkjklkfgR; lqyHk gksrk Fkk] rks fey tkrk FkkA

xksfcUn izlkn % rks D;k ,slk gS \

dsnkjukFk flag % rks oks tks dfork igyh eSausi<+h Fkh us#nk dhA ,e Vk;MZ , chbax , eSu* ;s lsaflfcYVheq>s pkSadkus okyh Fkh ^,se Vk;MZ , chbax , nh eSu* eSavkneh gksrs&gksrs Fkd x;k gw¡A

xksfcUn izlkn % okg ! okg !

dsnkjukFk flag % vc oksA us#nk dh bl dforkds lkFk vkSj dqN dfork,¡ i<+h FkhaA ,d cgqr ywt lasflfcYVhthou dh tks dqN vkSj fn'kkvksa esa nkSM+rh gS vkSj cgqr pht+ksadks lw¡?krh vkSj ns[krh gqbZ] Nwrh gqbZ pht+sa vkSj oks lkjs la;'ktks lfØ; gksa ,d lkFkA ,slh dfork yxh mldhA rks eSaml dPps izHkko esa ,d dfork cukus dh dksf'k'k dhA vkSjywt+ 'kSyh esa] oks izkst+ okyh ---

xksfcUn izlkn % ¡gw¡ ! gw¡ !

vkSj esjs ikl vuqHko ds uke ij esjk xk¡o ds [ksr]dNkj] unhA igkM+ esjs xk¡o esa gSa ughaA rks oks lc dqN vkSjfQj 'kgj vk x;k Fkk rks mldk NksVk&lk vuqHko] cgqrekewyh vuqHko oks Hkh FkkA oks lc dqN ysdj dfork eq>s

,d gh ykbu mldh ;kn vk jgh gS fd ^u tkus ;w¡ osixMafM;k¡ vc dgk¡ gksaxh* ,sls dfork 'kq: gksrh FkhA vkSjml edbZ ds [ksr dk o.kZu vkSj ;s oks xa/k] Lokn ---

xksfcUn izlkn % thA

dsnkjukFk flag % oks lc dqNA ;kuh oks ,d,sfUæd cks/k dks lfØ; djus okyh ps"Vk Fkh dfork esaA vkSjoks djhc Ms<+ ist dh dfork gksxhA cM+s mlesa Nirk Fkk oksvad] mlesa Nih Fkh oksA oks eq>s feyrh ughaA oks esjh igyhcszd Fkh dg¡wxk eSa ftlls eSa --- eq>s ;s yxk fd eSa ,d IokbaVvkWQ fMikpZj* esjh n`f"V esa vk jgk gS fgUnh esa ughaA rks blrjg ls rks --- xksfcUn th tks vki dg jgs Fks] ml chp ;ghlc ?kfVr gksrk jgk esjs lkFkA fQj ikWy ,yqokj dh dforkdk vuqokn Hkh fd;k] ftldk ft+Ø Hkh eSaus fd;k gSA dgk¡fd;k gS dqN ;kn ugha vk jgk gSA 'kk;n rhljk lIrd esafd;k gSA rks mldh fycVhZ* iks,e eSaus i<+hA vkgk ! mldkesjk fgUnh esa vuqokn Hkh dgha Nik Fkk fdlh NksVh if=dkesa] ftldks ;s tks vius chp okys ihfj;M dh dfork,¡ tksns jgk gw¡] tks vHkh tk,¡xh iszl esaA rks mlesa oks viukvuqokn Hkh ns jgk gw¡A D;ksfd oks esjs thou esa ml vuqokndk bruk egRo gS fd ---

xksfcUn izlkn % ,d dfork rks 'kk;n vkidh^vHkh fcYdqy vHkh* esa Hkh gSA ^Vqekjks bt+ voj ijekusaVvMsZl*A 'kk;nA

dsnkjukFk flag % dfork ugha oks rks dksVs'ku gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % dksVs'ku gS oks mudhA

dsnkjukFk flag % eq>s ykbu vPNh yxrh Fkh &^Vqekjks bt+ vkoj ijekusUV ,MªSl*A mrus cM+s dfo ugha Fks]ysfdu ;s iafDr cgqr vPNh yxrh FkhA rks ;s FkkA chp dsvarjky dh ckr vki dj jgs Fks] rks mlesa cgqr dqN NwVx;k FkkA oks ubZ fn'kk* okyh fdrkc eq>s fey ugha jgh gSAtks eSa ckr dguk pkgrk gw¡ fd ml chp dh esjh cgqr&lhdfork,¡ vizkI; gSa] fey ugha jgh gSaA mlesa cgqr lkjhdfork,¡ dPph gSaA lkjh gh 'kk;n dPph gksaxh ysfdu oksdPpkiu vkuk pkfg, lkeusA

xksfcUn izlkn % oks vkidh dfork,¡ tc ^t+ehuid jgh gS* ds :i esa vkbZ rks ,slk yxrk gS fd vki Nan dht+ehu NksM+dj /khjs&/khjs NUn ls brj jkgksa dh rjQ ;k dg¡w fddkO; esa tks FkksM+k x| dh lÙkk gS vkSj 'kfDr gS mldks vki,d rjg ls fodflr djus dh rjQ+ py iM+s 'kk;n ---A

dsnkjukFk flag % lgh dg jgs gSa vki] D;ksafdeq>s yxk fd ---


xksfcUn izlkn % rks fdlds izHkko ls dSls gqvk ;s \

dsnkjukFk flag % ftl le; dh esjh ;s dfork,¡gSa] ftl nkSj esa eSa dke dj jgk gw¡] ml nkSj dh y;] x|dh y; ds fudV gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % thA

dsnkjukFk flag % eSaus ,d dfork fy[kh oks Hkhugha feyh dHkh ---A ^fpfM+;k¡ xquxquk jgh gSa x| dk ,dVqdM+k*A ml t+ekus esa ,d dfork fy[kh FkhA rks ,d esjsml le; ds izcq) ikBd us dgk fd ;s vki D;k dg jgsgSa \ ;s rks x| dh rjQ+ tkus dh ckr gks jgh gSA vkSjfpfM+;k¡ x| dSls xquxquk,¡xhA cgjgkyA rks ml le; x|dh vksj c<+us dh dksf'k'k vkSj gekjs le; dk loksZÙke x|rksYlrk; ls ysdj --- oks gekjs le; ds gSaA eSa rksYlrk; dksvius le; dk ekurk gw¡] esjs fy, ---A HkVd tkÅ¡xkrksYlrk; esa rks ykSVw¡xk ughaA NksM+rk gw¡A rks ml x| dhy; dh ryk'k dh vksj c<+ jgk Fkk vkSj fQj mldk viuk,d eqgkojk x<+us dh dksf'k'k dh Fkh eSausA dPph&iDdhtks Hkh gSA mlesa dfork ds <k¡ps ds fygkt+ ls ,d dforkoks D;ksa cuh] dSls cuh \ dfork dSls cu tkrh gS dksbZtkurk gS \ vki rks dfo gSa vki Hkh ugha tkurs gksaxs \ dksbZugha tkurkA oks dfork cu xbZA ilksok cM+k dfo FkkiqrZxky dkA mldks dgha i<+ jgk Fkk fd vPNh dforkT;knkrj rUæk dh voLFkk esa fy[kh xbZ FkhaA ;kuh cgqrdka'klyh vki dke ugha dj jgs gSaA

xksfcUn izlkn % vopsru ! vopsru ds /kjkry ijA

dsnkjukFk flag % rks ,slh ,d dfork gS] ^,disze dfork dks i<+dj* tks vkius p;u esa fn;k Hkh gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % gk¡A eq>s oks dfork ,d vyx<ax dh vkSj cgqr vn~Hkqe dfork yxhA

dsnkjukFk flag % ml dfork ij eq>s ,sls&,slsi= feys gSa vkSj fons'k dk i= feyk gS mldk Ýsap esavuqokn gqvk gSA Ýsap ds fdlh dfo us i= fy[kk Fkk fdlhif=dk esaA vaxszth dh if=dk easA rks eSaus i<+k fd blus rksesjs fy, ,d ubZ fn'kk [kksy nhA

xksfcUn izlkn % okg !

dsnkjukFk flag % oks ra= dqN vthc&lk ra=Aftlesa dfork vkidks /;ku gksxk fd ---A

xksfcUn izlkn % thA

dsnkjukFk flag % dfork dgha ugha feyrh gS] fdL=h dSls fodflr gks jgh gS] vkSj /khjs&/khjs L=hA ,d rjgdk ukjhokn gh gS iq#"k dh n`f"V ls ns[kk x;k fd dfork

iszfedk dh rjg] dfork eas cÙk[ksa gSaA vkSj ;s ekgkSy Fkk vkSj/khjs&/khjs oks dfork ls ckgj pyh tkrh gS vkSj dfork dks/oLr dj nsrh gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % cM+s ,ClVSªD'ku* ls dke fy;kvkius mlesaA dfork esa vewrZu gSA vkSj 'kk;n vewrZumldh lEeksfguh Hkh gS] vkSj lEeksgu tks gS vewrZu dsdkj.k gSA

dsnkjukFk flag % eSaus dgha ikB fd;k Fkk mldkAftlesa ve`rk izhre cSBh FkhaA oks cgqr eqX/k gqb± vkSj cksyhadsnkj th] eSa rks vkidks tkurh ugha FkhA cgjgkyA oksdfork fganh eas mruh pfpZr ugha gqbZ ftruh eSa pkgrk Fkkfd oks gksA ysfdu dqN mlds vuU; Jksrk vkSj ikBd gSa tkspkgrs gSa fd eSa ml ij ckr d:¡A [+kSjA ;s lkjh dksf'k'ksvuk;kl gksrh jghaA eSaus dHkh lps"V ugha fd;kA ^t+ehuid jgh gS* ] dh lkjh dfork,¡ ,d [+kkl rjg dh vuk;klrkesa fy[kh xbZ gSaA ;s u lksprs gq, fd oks vPNh dfork cusaxhcqjh dfork cusaxhA

dsnkjukFk flag % tks cu x;k] lks cu x;kA ;sgqvk gSA esjk [+;ky gS fd dfork 'kk;n ,sls Hkh curh gSa]'kk;n oSls Hkh curh gSaA pfy,A

xksfcUn izlkn % gk¡ ---A gkyk¡fd ;s cM+k lokyesjs eu esa gS D;ksafd dfork dk ,d laca/k tks gS oks lektls Hkh gSA vkSj lekt esa jgus okys tks cgqr lkjs] cgqr lkjhfopkj/kkjkvksa ds chp esa vkneh thrk gSA rks mlls Hkh tqM+kgqvk gS rks eSa tkuuk ;s pkgrk gw¡ fd dkO; Loj dks fopkj/kkjk ds <k¡ps esa ck¡Vdj dHkh&dHkh ns[kk tkrk gS oks ,ddfork ds vuq'kklu ds fy, ;k dfo ds fy, ;k [kqndfork ds fy, oks fdruk dgk¡ rd -- D;k t+:jh gS \fdruk mldk vkSfpR; curk gSA

dsnkjukFk flag % ;g ,d iqjkuk loky gS ysfduVdjkuk pkfg, bllsA eSa fopkj/kkjk dk dk;y ugha gw¡A eSa;g t+ksj nsdj dguk pkgrk gw¡A fopkj dk dk;y gw¡ vkSjfopkj/kkjk Hkh ,d rjg dh daMh'kfuax gSA D;ksafd fopkj/kkjk dgha u dgha tkdj ,d jktuSfrd ra= ls Hkh tqM+rhgS <k¡ps ls Hkh] laxBu ls Hkh tqM+rh gSA rks lkfgR; fdlhHkh ,sls vuq'kklu ls fu;af=r gks ;g 'kk;n mlds fy,cgqr fgrdj ugha gksrkA fopkj/kkjk ds dbZ :i gSa] rqylhds ;gk¡ Hkh fopkj/kkjk FkhA vc v/;;u dk fo"k; gS fdml fopkj/kkjk ds dkj.k vxj ekDlZokn dk izHkko gSAekDlZ vkWy Vkbe&xszV fopkjd gSaA vkSj eSa rks 2012 esavkils ckr dj jgk gw¡A


xksfcUn izlkn % thA

dsnkjukFk flag % 2012 esa vkt eq>s yxrk gSxksfcUn th fd ekDlZ dHkh brus jsfyosaV ugha Fks ftrusvkt gSaA iwjs bfrgkl esa vkt fdruh t+:jr gS ekDlZ dh]ekDlZ ds fopkj dhA ekDlZ dh dksbZ fopkj/kkjk ugha gSAekDlZ ds fopkj gSa] tks [kqys fopkj gSaA ftl ij yksx lqursgSa] xqurs gSa] O;k[;k djrs gSaA vla[; O;k[;k,¡ mldh gqbZgSa] gksrh jgsaxhA ysfdu dqN cqfu;knh pht+sa mudh gSaA vkSjmu cqfu;knh pht+ksa dk vHkh egRo gS gekjs fy,A rks eq>syxrk gS fd vkt ;s uomnkjokn rFkkdfFkr uomnkjoknvkSj uoiw¡thokn ftl ladV ds nkSj ls xqt+j jgk gS vkSjvPNk gS fd ml ladV ds nkSj ls xqt+j jgk gSA D;ksafdladV mlds fouk'k dh vksj Hkh mls ys tk jgk gSA ,slkeq>s yxrk gSA bl nkSj esa fodYi ds :i esa vkSj ,dl'kDr fodYi tks eSa 'kCn tksM+ jgk gw¡ fd fodYi tc gedgrs gSa rks :lh ekWMy Qsy gks pqdkA phuh ekWMy mrukLohdk;Z ugha jg x;k gSA eSa vHkh phu dks 50% Iyl IokbaVnsrk gw¡A 50% dks ysdj esjs eu eas vHkh lansg gSA ysfdu ,diz;ksx dj jgk gS phuA ml iz;ksx dks vHkh gedks ns[kusdh t+:jr gSa ij bl nkSj esa tc iw¡thokn [+kqn vius ladVksals f?kjk gSA vkSj iwjh nqfu;k dks ?ksj jgk gS] rc bl le;,d l'kDr fodYi ds :i eas 'kk;n ekDlZokn ds Hkhrj lsfudyus okyk ,d T+;knk fycjy jkLrk T+;knk MseksØsfVdjkLrk eSa dg¡xkA MseksØsfVdA esjk t+ksj gS bl ijA

xksfcUn izlkn % gw¡A gw¡A

dsnkjukFk flag % vxj oks fodYi fudys rksdqy feykdj tks Hkh gks gekjs bl NksVs ls ns'k esa vkSj iM+kslesa usiky esa Økafr gqbZA jktk gVk fn;k x;kA ,d ubZ lÙkkvkbZ vkSj ekDlZoknh vkanksyu Fkk oks ekvksoknh Fks oksA oks,d fodYi ogk¡ izLrqr dj jgs gSa vkSj feyk&tqyk gS oksAogh pysxkA ogk¡ dbZ rjg ds yksx cSBs gq, gSaA lc fycjygSa] MseksØsfVd gSa] MseksØsV gSa vkSj feydj ,d jkLrk fudkyusdh dksf'k'k dj jgs gSa ftlesa /kqj ekDlZoknh Hkh 'kkfey gSaAvkSj fycjy yksx Hkh 'kkfey gSaA ,d iz;ksx py jgk gSgekjs ns'k ds cxy ds NksVs ls ns'k esaA ml iz;ksx dks eSAcgqr mEehn dh fuxkg ls ns[krk gw¡A Qsy gks] ikl gksblds ckjs eas dksbZ Hkfo";ok.kh ugha dj ikÅ¡xkA ,sls iz;ksxgksrs jgus pkfg,A vkSj eSa mldk leFkZd gw¡A

xksfcUn izlkn % eSa mlh loky dh vksj fQjFkksM+k lk ykSVw¡ fd D;k fopkj/kkjk dh dksbZ lkFkZdrk ;kfdlh Lrj ij dfork ds lanHkZ esa dksbZ mi;ksfxrk ugha gksldrh gS \

dsnkjukFk flag % dfork dks eqfDr pkfg,Afopkj eqDr djrk gS fopkj/kkjk ---

xksfcUn izlkn % --- ck¡/krh gSA

dsnkjukFk flag % ;g vdkj.k ugha gS fd ekDlZus [+kqn fopkj/kkjk dks QkYl dka'klusl* dgk FkkA rks dqNrks gksxk mlds fnekx+ esaA oks rks egku Fks HkbZA ge yksxviuh NksVh lhek esa tks le>rs gSaA fopkj/kkjk Hkh daMh'kfuaxdjrh gSA vc ;s bruh cM+h {kerk lcesa ugha gksrhA nks dfoviokn yxrs gSa tks fopkj/kkjk ls c¡/kdj Hkh tks egku gSaAdqN vkSj fey tk;saxs 'kk;nA

xksfcUn izlkn % thA

dsnkjukFk flag % eSa nks dh ut+hj nw¡xk csz[r vkSjrqylhnklA

nsf[k, D;k foykse gSa rqylhnkl vkSj csz[rArqylhnkl tks gS ckd+k;ns cfYd o.kkZJe /keZ dhfopkj/kkjk dks ekurs gSa ckotwn blds mUgksaus tks dforkfy[kh mlesa cM+k Hkh vkrk gS NksVk Hkh vkrk gSA lcfeykdj oks dfork tks gS ekul eas vkSj ekul ls ckgj vksjT+;knk ;s ge Hkwy tkrs gSa fd jkepfjrekul dk cM+k fgLlktks gS vkfnoklh rRoksa ls Hkjk gSA okuj gSa] canj gSa mudhdFkk gSA eSa ekul dks dbZ vyx <ax ls ns[krk gw¡A ckd+hdfork rqylhnkl dh dforkoyh vkSj guqeku ckgqd dkscgqr egRoiw.kZ ekurk gw¡A oks fMikpZj gS ,d rjg dkAoxSjg&oxSjgA rks rqylhnkl mlls ckgj Hkh tkrs gSaAgedks viuh c¡/kh gqbZ fopkj/kkjk ls yM+uk Hkh pkfg,]Vdjkuk Hkh pkfg, vkSj csz[r rks fdlh dks Hkh Lohdkj ughagqvkA czs[r dh dfork ---A oks dE;qfuLV Fkk] ?kksj dE;qfuLVftldks teZuh esa jgus dh txg ugha feyh rks og Hkkxx;kA dqN le; ds fy, oks ogk¡ x;k Fkk vesfjdkA ykSVdjvk x;kA vkSj ,d fdrkc mlds thou esa :l eas ugha NihmldhA tcfd lkjh nqfu;k esa Nk;k gqvk FkkA dE;qfuLVdks dE;qfuLVksa us Lohdkj ugha fd;kA rks ;s lkjh lhek,¡ gSaa,d egku iafDr] ,d 'ksj mnwZ ds ,d ,sls 'kk;j us fy[khFkh ftldks et+kfg;k 'kk;j ekuk tkrk Fkk ftldk ukevdcj bykgkcknh FkkA D;k vn~Hkqr 'kk;j FkkA oks mldk,d 'ksj eq>s vn~Hkqr yxrk gSA vkSj 'kk;n og fopkj/kkjkij Hkh ykxw gksrk gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % okg ! bj'kkn --- bj'kknA

dsnkjukFk flag % eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd cl ,d gh[k+;ky jgs exj [+k;ky ls iSnk [+k;ky gksrk gSA* ;s gS] ;sMseksØslh gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % gk¡ ! gk¡A


dsnkjukFk flag % eSa fgUnh dh lcls MseksØsfVdiafDr ekurk gw¡A ,d jhfrdky dk dfo gks x;k & Xokydfo uke Fkk mudk rks mUgksaus ml le; l=goha lnh esaiafDr fy[kh gksxh fd & fof/k ds cuk, tho tsrs gSa tgk¡ds tgk¡ [ksyu fQjr nsoA ¼;s czãk ds cuk, gq, tho tksgSa mUgsa eqDr djks] ck/; er djksA½ rks bl rjg lsfopkj/kkjk dks ysdj esjs eu esa tks gS Li"V jk; vkidslkeus j[khA eSa mu yksxksa dk lEeku djrk gw¡ fopkj/kkjk dsrgr --- nsf[k, ,d 'ksj Hkwy jgk gw¡ x+kfyc dk ---

ejs cqr[kkus esa rks dkcs esa xkMs cjgeu dks ---

¼vPNk] cjgeu vius vd+hns dks ekuus okyk vkSj,d gh fopkj esa yxkrkj fuc) gks] fu"Bkoku gks rks x+kfyrdgrs gSa fd eSa Hkh ,d gh fopkj dks ekuus okyk gw¡ rks mldklEeku rks d:¡xkA½

xksfcUn izlkn % ns[kk x;k gS fd dfo viusvkjafHkd nkSj esa] mldh dkO;kuqHkwfr dk tks lk¡pk gS dqNizxhrkRedrk fy, gq, gksrk gSA vkSj mlesa yksd ds izfr Hkh,d vkReh; ;k jkxkRed tks laca/k gS ;s cuk jgrk gS]ysfdu /khjs&/khjs ns[kk gS fd oks {kh.k gksrk tkrk gS rks ,slkvkf[+kj D;k gksrk gksxk fdlh dfo ds thou esa \

dsnkjukFk flag % ;s ges'kk ds fy, lp gksrk gks,slk ugha gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % gk¡A ;s Hkh gSA

dsnkjukFk flag % gekjs nkSj dk ;s lp t+:j gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % thA

dsnkjukFk flag % pw¡fd dqy feykdj chloha lnhesa ge yksx Fks iys&c<+sA rks blesa fyfjflT+e derj gksrkx;k gSA eSa vc ;kn fnykÅ¡ fd Hkkjrh; dfork] cM+hdfork Hkkjr dh ;fn nks dk mYys[k d:¡ rks jkepfjrekulxhrkRed egkdkO; gS] xk;k tkrk gS mruk dksbZ egkdkO;ugha xk;k tkrk ftruk fd jkepfjrekul xk;k tkrk gSAvkSj nwljk xhrkatfyA xhrkatfy lkjk caxky xkrk gS] xkrkjgsxkA rks ;s fyfjflT+e tks gS ,d cqfu;knh rRo gS vkSjgekjs lkfgR; esa gS dkfynkl esa Hkh gS okYehfd esa Hkh gSAesjk [+;ky gS fd Hkkjrh; dfork ,oa ik'pkR; dfork esa,d cqfu;knh Q+dZ ;g Hkh gS fd xhfr rRo Hkkjrh; dforkds ewy esa 'kq: ls jgk gSA vkSj fdlh u fdlh :i esa vkivHkh Hkh fn[kk ldrs gSaA yxrk gS vkt Hkh] esjs ;gk¡ FkksM+kcgqr ;s gSA rks ;s FkkA ysfdu le; xhfrrRo ds vuq:i ughagS ftl rjg dk <k¡pk gekjs lekt dk cu jgk gSA yxkrkjgekjs vkt ds le; dh lcls cM+h leL;k vlfg".kqrk gSA,d vlfg".kq lekt tks fgalk dh vksj c<+ jgk gSA gj Lrj

ij ;s dke dj jgk gS vkSj ;s eSa ns[k jgk gw¡ fiNysiPphl&rhl lkyksa esa ;s c<+ jgk gSA rks bl lekt esa gR;k]ekjdkV] Hkz"Vkpkj] vU;k;A ge yk[k lafo/kku dh ckrle>k,¡] lafo/kku gekjk cjkcjh vkfn dh ckr djrk gS]mldk ,d jktuSfrd Lo:i ;k <k¡pk rks cuk gS fd vcoks tks ncs&dqpys yksx gSa lÙkk esa Hkh vk jgs gSa] ysfdu lÙkkesa vkus ds ckn lÙkk dk tks gS og ,d gh cu tkrk gSAnqHkkZX; lsA lÙkk esa vkrs gh pfj= cny tkrk gSA ;g Hkhns[k jgk gw¡ eSa] tks nqHkkZX;iw.kZ gS] fQj Hkh dqN cpk gqvk gSA

eq>s ;g dgus nhft, fd blesa ,d cM+s fopkjdgekjs ns'k ds vEcsMdj dh cgqr cM+h Hkwfedk gSA gevacsMdj dks blls igys ugha le> ik, FksA rks oks tksvacsMdj dk gLr{ksi Fkk iwjs Hkkjrh; lekt vkSj laLÑfrvkSj bfrgkl esa oks 'kk;n cgqr fu.kkZ;d lkfcr gksxk vkusokys Hkfo"; ds fy,A

NksVs Lrj ij gLr{ksi ,d vkSj O;fDr us fd;k Fkk]yksfg;k usA bu nksuksa yksxksa us gLr{ksi fd;k FkkA ,d cM+k,d NksVkA esjk [+k;ky gS gekjs Hkkjrh; lekt dks oks tksfn'kk nsrs jgs gSa Hkfo"; esa vkSj vf/kd ^fjfyosUV* gksrstk,¡xsA ;s eSa FkksM+k gVdj ckr dj jgk gw¡A

ckr gks jgh Fkh fd gekjk vkt dk le; tks gSog fyfjdy* ugha gSA ckt+kj ^fyfjflT+e* dk nq'eu gSAckt+kj ;fn fyfjd gks x;k rks ckt+kj jgsxk gh ughaA rksckt+kj ;s djsxk fd xhr dk bLrseky djsxk ysfdu xkukmlds fy, cgqr iq.; ugha gSA og blfy, fQ+Yeh xkuksavkfn dk ckt+kj vius fy, bLrseky dj jgk gSA

rks dgus dk eryc ;g gs fd ,d rjQ+ tks^fyfjd ,fyes.V* gS og dfo ds Hkhrj rks gS ysfdu yxkrkjmls ckt+kj dh 'kfDr;k¡ Nhu jgh gSaA

os lkjh ckrsa gSaA vki dfo gSa blfy, csgrj tkursgSa bl ckr dksA ge rks ncko esa dke djrs gSa vkSj ckgjhncko ftuls u cpk tk ldrk gS] u cpk tkuk pkfg,] ogncko egRoiw.kZ gS gekjs fy,A ;g ekurk gw¡A mu nckoksa dsrgr ge curs gSa] gekjh laosnuk,¡ curh&fcxM+rh gSaA rks^fyfjflT+e* {kfjr gks jgk gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % rks dgus dk eryc ;s gS fd tkspquko djus dk vf/kdkj gS ---A

dsnkjukFk flag % nwljh vksj --- nwljhvksj eSa dgw¡xk fd b/kj dks tks ys[ku gks jgk gS nks 'kCnvkids lkeus j[kw¡xkA xaHkhj ys[ku ,oa yksdfiz; ys[kuAyksdfiz; ys[ku vHkh Hkh xhrrRo ds cgqr djhc gSA xaHkhjys[ku mlls nwj gksrk pyk x;k gSA ysfdu b/kj eSaus ik;k


gS fd ftldks ge yksdfiz; dgrs gSa mlds izfr #>ku c<+jgk gSA bl le; mnkgj.k nsdj ckr djuk equkflc ugha]ysfdu ;g c<+ jgk gS vkSj mldks ,dne fujLdj.kh; ughaekuk tk jgk gSA rks oks pht+sa gSa tks ykSV jgh gSa esjk [+k;kygS xhr rRo tk,xk ugha] ykSVdj tk,xk D;ksafd Hkkjrh;lkfgR; dh ewy laosnuk dk vax gS ogA vki tkurs gSajkek;.k fy[kh xbZ rks ml le; yo&dq'k xkrs fQjrs FksAvc vktdy dks ysdj tks xk;u dh ijEijk 'kq: gqbZ gS ogijaijk yacs le; ls py jgh gSA esjk [+k;ky gS ykSV&ykSVdjog vkrh jgh gs ;kuh tks cqfu;kn gS og ejrh ugha gSA

xksfcUn izlkn % ;kuh izxhr tks gS og izk.k rRorks gSA

dsnkjukFk flag % ftldks ge xhr ds uke lstkurs gSa] oks ughaa ftldks xhrdkj us crk;k gSA oks ughaaxhr rRo ls vyx ,d vkSj pht+ gS ftl ij ge ppkZ vkxsdjsaxsA

xksfcUn çlkn % vkidks bl o"kZ Hkkjrh; KkuihBiqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA iqjLdkj ds lanHkZ esavki dqN dguk pkgsaxsA

dsnkjukFk flag % eSaus d`rKrkiwoZd bl iqjLdkjdks Lohdkj fd;k gSA blus esjs lkfgfR;d nkf;Ro dksfdlh gn rd c<+k;k gSA ij ;gk¡ eSa Li"V dj nw¡ fd dksbZHkh iqjLdkj fdlh ewY;kadu dk ekun.M ugha gksrkA KkuihBHkh bldk viokn ugha gSA

veu nhi flag


^Hkk"kk* yxHkx izk.k rRo* dh rjg gSA ge blh esalksprs@le>rs@fopkj djrs gSaA bl izk.k rRo* ds ckjs esadqN Hkh dguk & vius vopsru dks VVksyus tSlk gSa vkt^Hkk"kk&foghu* gksus dk vFkZ gS & euq"; dks Øfed fodkldh lh<+h ij 10&12 yk[k o"kZ ihNs ys tkukA ml le;euq"; ds iwoZt] Homo-Erectus vkSj Homo-Habilus tUeys pqds FksA muds efLr"d dk vkdkj gels vk/kk gh Fkk700 lh-lh- ds yxHkxA muds ikl ,d vfodflr ok.khrU= rks Fkk] ^Hkk"kk* ugha FkhA

^Hkk"kk* ds fy, ^'kCn* pkfg,] 'kCn ds fy, LojvkSj Loj* ds fy, ,d fodflr ok.kh rU= tks /ofu;ksa dscM+s Qyd dks gesa miyC/k dj ldrk gSA blh ds lkFk&lkFk]uoZ&dksf'kdkvksa dk lewg ra= ftuds ek/;e ls efLr"d]okd~ dks fufnZ"V rFkk fu;af=r djus esa leFkZ gksA 'kCn* dksokD; esa lk/kus ds fy, fu;eksa dk ra= rFkk izR;;ksa dkizfrfuf/kRo djus okys dksM* Hkh pkfg,A bu lcds la'ys"k.kds lkFk gh euq"; fdlh vU; ls laidZ LFkkfir djus esaleFkZ gks ldrk gSA

fdarq dqN u`ÙkRo&'kkfL=;ksa dk ekuuk gS fdgko&Hkko@Hkafxekvksa dh izksVks Hkk"kk fodflr gks jgh FkhAbl izksVks&Hkk"kk esa okD;&jpuk@fØ;kvksa@fo'ys"k.kksa dkfujk vHkko FkkA njvly fiNys dqN o"kks± ds 'kks/k&dk;ks±ls irk pyk gS fd bl izksVks&Hkk"kk ds ewy esa ,slhuoZ&dksf'kdkvksa dk ;ksxnku gS] ftUgsa ge] izfrfcEcuuoZ&dksf'kdk,a dgrs gSa ¼Mirror-neurons½A efLr"d dhvf/kdrj dksf'kdk,a] rc ^lfØ;* gks mBrh gSa] tc vkiLo;a fdlh ØhM+k] vFkok dk;Z dks dj jgs gksrs gSa rFkkmudh lfØ;rk rc csgn {kh.k gks tkrh gS tc O;fDrfdlh vU; dks mlh ØhMk@dk;Z dks djrs gq, ns[krk gSAfdarq izfrfcEcu&dksf'kdk,a rc Hkh lfØ; jgrh gSa tcdksbZ vU; mlh ØhM+k@dk;Z dks dj jgk gksrk gS] tks ,dy{;&fu/kkZfjr ØhM+k gksA gkykafd bl iz'u dk mÙkj vHkhgekjs ikl iw.kZr% ugha gS fd ;g izfrfcEcu dksf'kdk,a fdlizdkj ;g tku tkrh gS & fd dkSu lh fØ;k@Hkafxeky{;&fu/kkZfjr gS ;k ugha] ysfdu ;g ekuk t:j tk jgkgS fd ;g izfrfcEcu & uoZ&dksf'kdk,a gesa vuqdj.k¼lmitation½ dh HkfDr iznku djrh gS & tks Hkafxekvksa dh

Hkk"kk dks tUe nsus esa lgk;d gksrh gSA

ekuo efLr"d esa lkS djksM+ ls vf/kd uoZ&dksf'kdk,agSaA ,d oxZ&bap esa ekStwn bu dksf'kdkvksa dks tksM+us okyheghu raf=dkvksa dks ;fn [kksy fn;k tk, rks os nl gtkjehy igqap tk,xhA bu dksf'kdkvksa dh ^Hkk"kk ,d{kf.kd&fo|qr rjax dk foLQksV* gksrh gSA vk¡[k ds lkeusfn[kkbZ nsrh vkÑfr dk vDl ^T;ksa dk R;ksa* efLr"d rdugha igqap tkukA vk¡[k dh xzkgh dksf'kdk,a nhfIr vkSjva/kdkj ds ,sls la;kstuksa dks <wa<rh gS & ftlls vkÑfr dh^dksj* ;k ifjlksek* dk vkdyu gks ldsA vFkZoku la;kstuksadks <wa<us ds ihNs tks dksf'kdk foKku gS ml ij Hkys ghfu.kkZ;d mÙkj u gks fdUrq ;g Li"V gS fd gekjs ikl ,d^tSfod&Hkk"kk* gS & ftldk fo/kku vU; thou&:iksa esafHkUu gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, vk¡[k esa tks fo'ks"kK^xzkgh&dksf'kdk,a gSa os {kSfrt ¼Horizontal½ Å/oZ ¼Vertical½vkSj fod.kZ ¼diagonal½ js[kkvksa dks igpkurh gSa & fdarq dbZtho :iksa esa fod.kZ ds fy, dksbZ ^'kCn* ugha gksrkA

ekuo&efLr"d ij 'kks/k ls ekywe pyk gS fdn';&txr fdlh ,yce dh rLohjksa lk gekjs efLr"d dhnjktksa esa j[kk fey ugha tkrkA n`'; txr&efLr"d esantZuksa izdkj ds uD'kksa esa rCnhy gks tkrk gSa ;fn ,d uD'kkjaxksa dk gs rks nwljk [kq'kcqvksa dk@rhljk nhfIr dk@pkSFkkxfr dk ---A blhfy, efLr"d ds fdlh Hkkx esa pksV ls cgqrdqN [kks tkrk gS & jaxksa@[kq'kcqvksa@dks [kksus ls ysdj@LFkkuo dky ds izR;;ksa dk Hkh yksi gks tkrk gSA ,asfæ;&txr]dbZ csgn tfVy :iksa esa gekjs efLr"d esa vofLFkr gSAvk'p;Z dh ckr ;g gS fd dksbZ ,d tfVy&:i* n';&txrls vuq:irk ugha j[krkA bldk rkRi;Z ;gh gS fd fdUghatSfod iz.kkfy;ksa }kjk efLr"d&;FkkFkZ dk iqulZtu djrkgS & bl iqulZtu dh lhek,a D;k gSa & bldk foKkulEer vHkh dksbZ mÙkj ugha gS & ysfdu ;g fuf'pr gS fdge ftl Hkk"kk* dk iz;ksx djrs gSa & og blh iqulZtu ijgh vk/kkfjr gSA bu vFkks± esa ;g fu"d"kZ nsuk mi;qDr gS fdge bl ^tSfod&Hkk"kk* dh ifjf/k esa dSn gSaA

bl ckr dks izfl) Ýsap Hkk"kk&fon feRlks&jksukW usuks,e&pksEldh ls yach ckrphr esa mBkbZ % ^Hkk"kk ij'kks/k dk;ks± ls ;g ekywe pyk gS fd mldh lajpuk esa

foKku ifjn`';

Hkk"kk] l`tu vkSj foKkuiou ekFkqj*

*ys[kd & fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa izksQslj gSaA


/ofu&lewg ds vifjfer HkaMkj esa ls ,d lhfer mileqPp;dk gh 'kCnksa ds Øfed la;kstu esa mi;ksx gksrk gS] vkSj ;gHkk"kk dh lhek Hkh r; dj nsrk gSA* bl ij pksEldh }kjkfVIi.kh Fkh fd ^Hkk"kk dh bl lhek ls Kku&vtZu dhlaHkkouk,a cM+h xgurk ls lai`Dr gSaA*

Hkkjrh; fparu esa Hkh 'kCn] vFkZ] Hkk"kk] Kku] loZO;k;hrFkk va'kO;k;h ij 'krkfCn;ksa rd yach cglsa pyh gSaAU;k;lw= ds izFke Hkk"kkdkj ôkRL;k;u* bZlk iwoZ nwljh'krkCnh esa izes;* vkSj izfefr* dh vo/kkj.kk izLrqr djrs gSaAîzes;* og vFkZ tks tkuk tkrk gS] izfefr ml vFkZ dk;FkkFkZ Kku gSA U;k;] fufoZdYid rFkk lfodYid Kkudh Hkh LFkkiuk djrk gSA lkroha 'krkCnh esa HkrZgfj us viusizfl) xzaFk ôkD;inh;* esa ^xzkgdRo* rFkk ^xzkg;Ro* dks'kCn dh HkfDr ds :i ea Lohdkj fd;k FkkA xzkgdRo vFkkZrîzdV djus dh HkfDr* rFkk xzkg;Ro* ;kus tks izdV fd;kx;k gksA* ukSoha 'krkCnh ds ehekald dqekfjy HkV~V ds f'k";ikFkZ lkjFkh us ftls ^vk/ks;* rFkk ^vk/kkj* ls fpfàr fd;kFkkA vk/ks; ;kus og xq.koÙkk tks vk/kkj vFkkZr~ ^rRo* esaizdV gksrh gks pkSFkh rFkk lkroha 'krkCnh ds ckS) nk'kZfudksafnM~ukx vkSj /keZdhfrZ ds viksg* fl)karA bu fl)karksa dhvuqxwat] lkL;qj ,oa vU; if'peh nk'kZfudksa esa Hkh lqukbZ iM+tkrh gSA ysfdu fLDl Hkk"kkfon lkL;qj ,d dne vkxs c<+tkrs gSa] tc os ladsr dks oLrq vkSj uke ds e/; dh laf/kekuus ls badkj dj nsrs gSa & vkSj mls /ofu;ksa vkSj izR;;dk lsrq cukdj izLrqr djrs gSaA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd ladsrksadk ;g fojkV ra= gekjh Le`fr dh jhM+ gS & vkSj blhfy,Hkk"kk fdlh gn rd le; esa c) gSA

Hkk"kk dh bl lhek ls tqM+k gqvk ,d egRoiw.kZiz'u ;g Hkh gS fd Kku&vtZu dh dyk c)rk ds ihNs D;kHkk"kk esa tUesa izR;;ksa dh lhekvksa dk Hkh ;ksxnku gS \ vkSjD;k fdlh u, foe'kZ ds fy, ;g lhek,a fdlh gn rdck/kk cu tkrh gSa \ bl iz'u dk mÙkj gesa foKku dsbfrgkl ls izkIr gks ldrk gSA

vjLrq }kjk izfrikfnr xfr ds fu;eksa ds vuqlkjfdlh Hkh oLrq dh izkÑfrd voLFkk] fLFkjrk gh gSA tcdksbZ oLrq Å¡pkbZ ls fxjrh gS rks blhfy, fd og viuhizkÑfrd voLFkk dks izkIr djuk pkgrh gSA tc fdlh HkkjhoLrq dks fdlh eksVh jLlh }kjk isM+ dh Mky ls ck¡/k] /kDdkns fn;k tkrk gS] rc og oLrq dkQh le; rd ,dv)Z&xksyk)Z ls >wyrh jgrh gSA vjLrq dk ekuuk Fkk ;goLrq jLls ls >wy ugha jgh gS & cfYd ,d ^Å¡pkbZ* lsyxkrkj fxj jgh gS] ml oLrq dks viuh izkÑfrd voLFkk

esa igqapus esa dfBukbZ gks jgh gS] D;ksafd jLlh mlesa ck/kk cujgh gSA vjLrq ds le; esa HkkSfrdh ¼fQftDl½ dh tks Hkk"kkfodflr gqbZ Fkh mlesa eq[;r% rhu izR;; dk;Zjr Fks &otu@Å¡pkbZ vkSj le;A bu rhuksa ds ek/;e ls gh fxjrhgqbZ oLrq ds ckjs esa x.kuk dh tkrh FkhA yxHkx nks gtkjo"kZ fudyus ds ckn xSfyfy;ksa dk /;ku bl >wyrh gqbZ oLrqdh rjQ x;kA ftls vjLrq us fdlh oLrq dk ckf/kr&fxjukle>k] xSfyfy;ksa us mls ,d ubZ n`f"V ls ns[kk vkSj mlsxksykdkj xfr ds mnkgj.k ds :i esa le>kA fo'o dksîSaMqye* xSfyfy;ksa dh gh nsu gSA xSfyfy;ksa vjLrq dsfl)karksa ls ifjfpr rks Fkk gh fdarq og pkSngoha 'krkCnh esaT;k¡ cwfjnku vkSj fudksy vksfjLes ds osx&fl)kar¼bEihVl&fFk;jh½ ls Hkh izHkkfor FkkA xSfyfy;ksa ds le;dh HkkSfrdh dh Hkk"kk ea otu@Å¡pkbZ@le; ds vykokxksykdkj dh f=T;k] dks.kh;&foLFkkiu rFkk dks.kh; xfrds izR;; Hkh 'kkfey gks pqds FksA dks.kh;&xfr vkSj foLFkkiutkuus dh fof/k vjLrq ds le; miyC/k ugha Fkh] pw¡fd mldky esa T;kfefr vkSj vytcjk nks vyx&vyx fo"k; FksAT;kfefr vkSj vytcjk dh laifDr ls tks ubZ Hkk"kk fodflrgqbZ] mldh ihfBdk xSfyfy;ksa dks miyC/k FkhA ,d ghiz;ksx dks bfrgkl vyx&vyx n`f"V ls ns[krk gS & pw¡fdiz;ksxksa ds bl esys esa Hkk"kk gj ckj fdlh u, jkLrs ls fy,pyrh gSA

dqN fopkjdksa dk ;g ekuuk gS fd foKku dkrdZ] izÑfr vkSj euq"; dks nks fojks/kh Jsf.k;ksa esa ckaV nsrkgS tgka Hkk"kk dh :idkRed ,drk VwV tkrh gSA euq";fcacksa ds LFkku ij ckSf)d izR;;ksa dh Hkk"kk jpus yxrk gSAnjvly ;g iw.kZ lR; ugha gSA izkphu xzhd n'kZu esa rdZ]eu dh og HkfDr gS ftlls ge :i ds ihNs fNiks lu~vFkok vlr~ dk Hksn dj ikrs gSaA vjLrq us bl rkfdZdrkdh HkfDr ds fy, u;k okD;k a'k i z;k sx fd;k^miksQsfUVd&yksxksl*A lqizfl) nk'kZfud gqljy* ds 'kCnksaesa ß;g rkfdZdrk] fopkj] lÙkk vFkok vfLrRo ds iz'uksa lsde cfYd lÙkk ds Ny@Nn~e ls vf/kd tw>rh ut+j vkrhgSa rdZ ,d [kafMr ;FkkFkZ dk gh mYys[k djrk fn[krk gS& rF; vkSj rRo] ;FkkFkZ vkSj laHkkoukA bl [kafMr ;FkkFkZdh rkfdZdrk dks fopkjdksa us foKku dh rkfdZdrk eku djHkwy dh gSA foKku vkuqHkkfod lalkj dks ckSf)d izR;;ksa,oa dYiuk dh mM+ku ds lkFk le>uk pkgrk gSA gqljy*dk dFku gS fd izÑfr ds xf.kfrdj.k ds dkj.kôSpkfjd&dYiukRedrk* dk ,slk :ifo/kku mifLFkr gqvkftldk vkuqHkkfod lalkj ls rknkRE; fd;k tk ldrkFkkA ;fn xSfyfy;ksa ds le; dk xf.kr] vuqiz;qDr xf.kr esa


cny tkrk gS ;k T;kfefr dk vytcjk ls lfEeyu]T;kfefr dh n`"VO; vkÑfr;ksa dks ckSf)d lafØ;kvksa esaifjofrZr dj nsrk gS] rc Hkh gekjs vuqHko ds lk¡psBksl&dk;Z&dkj.k okys laca/kksa ls gh ifjpkfyr gksrs gSaAT;kfefr dh dbZ vk;keh nqfu;k dh /kkj.k ds ckn Hkh gekjkvuqHko txr rhu vk;keksa okyh nqfu;k esa gh fØ;kdykidjrk gSA foKku ds rdZ ls tks ckSf)d Hkk"kk curh gS] mlls;g fu"d"kZ ysuk fd euq"; dk izÑfr ls laca/k gh VwV tkrkgS ,d Hkzeiw.kZ /kkj.kk gSA

/kkfeZd vFkok jktuSfrd lÙkk] tc Hkh dHkh] Kkuds iz'u djus dh rdZ'khyrk iz;ksx ,oa oSpkfjd O;k[;kvksadh Lora=rk dk gj.k dj ysrh gS] rc&rc ,d neudkjhlkoZHkkSe rkfdZdrk dks Hkh tUe ns nsrh gSA Kku&foKku o"kks±rd dqafBr gks tkrk gS vkSj mlds lqn`<+ :i ls iuius dhlaHkkouk,a csgn gh {kh.k gks tkrh gSaA ,d vksj Hkk"kk dsdkj.k vius foxr ls fujarjrk] oSpkfjd Lora=rk ij cks>Hkh curh gS] rks nwljh vksj bfrgkl esa lafpr Kku] u,laoknksa dk iszjd HkhA lÙkk }kjk foe'kZ dks ,d lw=h; cuknsus] Le`fr ds udkjkRed ,oa ldkjkRed i{kksa ds ckotwnHkh] Kku dh oSpkfjd&dYiukRedrk iqjkus izR;;ksa dks u,:i esa iqulZftr gh ugha dj ysrh] u, izR;; Hkh x<+ ysrhgSA l`tu dk ;g [ksy Hkk"kk ds ladsrksa ds ra= dks Hkh fdlhgn rd cny nsrk gSA ladsrksa dk ra= lekt esa vkilhokrkZyki djus ds fy, rks l{ke gS fdarq fparu ,oa ltu dsfy, mls izR;;ksa ds dbZ lewgksa ls ,d lkFk tw>uk gksrk gSA;g rHkh laHko gks ikrk gS tc Hkk"kk dk ,d ifjiDo :ilkeus jgrk gks & ifjiDork tks ,d nks lfn;ksa esa mRiUuugha gks ikrhA l`tukRedrk oSpkfjdrk dh yach Nykax gStks dkyc) ugha gksrhA njvly mldk vkarfjd xq.k viusdky dh dqN :<+ ekU;rkvksa dk /oal gh gSA ;g ,d vyxckr gS fd ml ubZ O;k[;k dks ml dky eas LFkku gh u feysvkSj mls lfn;ksa rd lqIr gh NksM+ fn;k tk,A ysfdu fQj

og fdlh vkSj le; esa izLQqfVr gks tkrh gSA

bZlk ls Ms<+ 'krkCnh iwoZ ikf.kuh us laLÑr&O;kdj.kds lw= ns fn, FksA mlh ds vklikl ^vxfLr;kj us^FkksydfIi;e* uked O;kdj.k xzaFk ^rfey* esa rS;kj djfn;k FkkA fiaxy us bZlk iwoZ 'krkCnh esa NUnksa dks fy[kus dhtks fof/k nh] og vkt ds dEI;wVj dh Hkk"kk* ls esy [kkrhgSA nwljh 'krkCnh esa cks/kk;ku* us ¼izkphu oSnkUrh vkpk;Z½us ikbFkkxksjl&fFk;ksje* dk T;kferh }kjk gy izLrqr djfn;k FkkA ikapoh 'krkCnh esa] vk;ZHkV~V us x.kuk dj yh Fkh]fd i`Foh vius v{k ij 23 ?kaVs] 36 iy vkSj 41 {k.k easifjØek dj ysrh gSA lkroha 'krkCnh esa czãxqIr* us 'kwU;*vkSj vuar* ds fy, lehdj.k ns fn;k FkkA X;kjgoha 'krkCnhesa Hkk"djkpk;Z* us fl)kar f'kjksef.k@yhyorh@ chtxf.kr@xzg&xf.kr vkSj ^vody xf.kr* ds lw= ns fn, FksA

vfjLrkdw uked xzhe [kxksy 'kkL=h us vuqekfurdj fy;k Fkk fd lw;Z i`Foh ls rhu lkS xq.kk cM+k gS vkSjblfy, iFoh lw;Z ds pkjksa vksj ?kwe jgh gSa ltukRedrk dh;g Nykax 18 lfn;ksa rd dksijfuDl dk bartkj djrhjghA tkWtZ cwy uked xf.krK us lu~ 1854 esa vjLrw dsrdZ&'kkL= ij vk/kkfjr cwfy;u vytcjk* uked ,d ubZxf.krh; fof/k dks izk.k fn, FksA yxHkx lkS o"kks± rd ;gvytcjk bfrgkl ds iUuksa dh /kwy pkVrk jgkA tc HkkSukuuke dk teZu HkkSfrdfon u, fLopu&ifjiFk* ds fy, ,dvytcjk <wa<+ jgk Fkk tks ^'kwU;* vkSj ^,d* ij vk/kkfjrgksrk mls vk'p;Z gqvk fd ogh vytcjk lnh iwoZ fy[kktk pqdk FkkA cwfy;u&vytcjk ds izLQqVu dk le; vkx;k FkkA

^ltukRedrk dh Nykax* vius le; ds izR;;ksa dksvinLFk dj fdlh&u&fdlh dky esa viuk LFkku xzg.k djgh ysrh gSA D;ksafd njvly ltu dky&/oal Hkh rks gSA

Hkkjr ds fofHkUu izns'kksa ds chp fgUnh&izpkj }kjk,drk LFkkfir djus okys lPps Hkkjr&cU/kq gSaA

&Jh vjfoUn

vaxzsT+kh lh[kdj ftUgksaus fof'k"Vrk izkIr dh gS]loZlk/kkj.k ds lkFk muds er dk esy ugha gksrkA

&johUnzukFk Bkdqj


vkf[kj NksVs fe;k¡ ds fny esa njkj iM+ gh xbZAxk¡o ds yksx dgrs Fks fd lkr iq'rksa ls mudk ifjokj blxk¡o esa jgrk vk;k gSA vkt rd fdlh us u rks dHkh mudsifjokj dh f'kdk;r dh vkSj u gh mUgksaus fdlh dksf'kdk;r dk ekSdk fn;kA fQj] vpkud ;g D;k gks x;k \fdldh utj yx xbZ muds ifjokj dks \* gjh'k ckcw dsckjs esa rks ;g tkurs Fks] ij egs'k pkS/kjh us muds lkFk ;gNy D;ksa fd;k \ ;g rks ljklj /kks[kk gS \ mUgsa igys lsgh crk nsrs ;k iwN ysrsA eSa dgk¡ xk¡o ds cM+s&cqtxksZa dhckrs Vkyus okyk FkkA xaxk unh ikj djrs gq, ;g ?kk;ygks x, FksA ek/ko ckcw ds ijnknk ds ijnknk fugksjk ikaMs;us mUgsa ub;k?kkV ls mBkdj jkey[ku ckck ds ?kj esa fNikfn;k FkkA ifjokj ds iqjkus yksx dgrs gSa fd fQj mUgsa xk¡obruk vPNk yxk fd ;s ;gha ds gksdj jg x,A vkSj vcmuds ifjokj ds lkFk ;g lc gks jgk gS! ;g mudk gh ughacfYd muds iqj[kksa dk vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd xk¡o dh ijaijk dkHkh vieku gS! ij vc djsa D;k \

NksVs fe;k¡ r; ugha dj ik jgs FksA ^dgha egs'kpkS/kjh muls cnyk rks ugha ys jgs \ og Hkh gjh'k ckcw dslkFk feydj \ D;k blfy, fd eSaus muds utnhdh Mhgokys czg~e ckck ds iqtkjh dh vlfy;r xk¡o okyksa dks crknh \ ij blesa xyrh gh D;k Fkh \* og le> ugha ik jgsFks fd muls pwd dgk¡ gqbZ \ D;k HkhD[kw xM+fj;k dks ekjusls cpkus vkSj xk¡o okyksa ds lkeus ml vlfy;r dks j[kukcM+h xyrh gS \* mudk flj Hkkjh gks jgk Fkk] mldk ,slkcnyk! bruk cM+k >wB! bruk cM+k /kks[kk!! yksx dgrs gSafd >wB ds ik¡o ugha gksrs gSaA* mudk eu Hk;kog vk'kadkls dk¡i jgk Fkk] ^ij ;gk¡ rks >wB gh nksuks ik¡o ls pydjck¡/k rd igq¡p x;k FkkA*

^dgha ;g etkd rks ugha gS \* ,d iy ds fy, ;gckr muds eu esa vkbZ] ij nwljs gh iy Hkjh lHkk esa rkfy;k¡

ctkrh HkhM+ dksbZ etkd ugha yxhA oSls Qwdu dkdk vkSjegs'k pkS/kjh ds fy, NksVs fe;k¡ ls etkd djuk dksbZ ubZckr ugha FkhA mudh uksd&>ksad pyrh jgrh FkhA vHkhfiNys gh lky jkeuoeh ds le; tc ;g egs'k pkS/kjh dhnkyku ij x, Fks rks mUgsa ns[krs gh Qwdu dkdk tSls mcyiM+s Fks] ^^vc vkSj ;g nknkfxjh ugha pysxh] NksVs fe;k¡!le; Bhd ugha gSA vc Hkh l¡Hky tkb,! dgha gjh'k ckcwds dku esa ckr pyh xbZ rks og vkidks NksM+saxs ughaA**

^^D;k gqvk \ D;k fd;k gS eSaus \** cgqr nsj rdNksVs fe;k¡ mudh ckr le>us dh dksf'k'k djrs jgs] ijle> ugha ik,] ^^D;k xyrh gks xbZ eq>ls \**

^^xyrh \** Qwdu dkdk us psgjk p<+krs gq, mudhvksj ns[kk] ^vc Hkh le; gS] eku tkb,!** mUgksaus NksVs fe;k¡dks le>kus ds vankt esa dgk] ^rislj ykBh ysdj <w¡< jgkgSA vPNk rks ;gh gksxk fd vki nks&pkj fnu ds fy, dghagks vkb,A**

NksVs fe;k¡ le> ugha ik,] ckr D;k gS \ dHkhQwdu dkdk dh vksj lgeh gqbZ vk¡[kksa ls ns[krs rks dHkhegs'k pkS/kjh dh vksjA vpkud ;g rislj ckcw dks D;k gksx;k fd eq>s ykBh ysdj <¡w<+ jgs gSa \* cgqr nsj rd oglksprs jgs] eq>ls D;k xyrh gks xbZ \ D;k fcxkM+k gS eSasusmudk \* lIrkg ls ysdj eghusHkj dk fglkc dj x,] ijdqN Hkh le> esa ugha vk;kA D;k fd;k Fkk \* mUgksaus viusfnekx ij cgqr tksj Mkyk] ijarq dqN Hkh ;kn ugha iM+kA^fiNyh ckj 'kgj x;k Fkk rks nok yk gh nh FkhA* og lksprsjgs] dHkh mUgsa fdlh dke ds fy, euk ugha fd;kA vc D;kckr gks xbZ \ dgha fQj fdlh us esjs f[kykQ HkM+dk rks ughafn;k \* vHkh fiNys gh lky ds jetku ds eghus dh ckrgSA vkQrkc ds ufugky ls cqykok vk;k FkkA mldh[kkyktku Hkh ogk¡ vkus okyh FkhA ij xk¡o okys vkSj ;ghrislj ckcw us mUgsa lkQ&lkQ dg fn;k Fkk fd vxj xk¡o

ys[kd dh nqfu;k

1764

nsosUæ pkScs*

*dgkuhdkj Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dsUnz] ts,u;w esa izksQslj gSaA

¼Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa 1764 ds cDlj&;q) dk vR;ar egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA bl ;q) esa estj gsDVj equjks ds usr`Roesa daiuh dh QkSt us eqxy] vo/k vkSj caxky dh la;qDr lsuk dks gjk fn;k FkkA ifj.kkeLo:i bZLV bafM;k daiuhdh fganqLrku ij idM+ etcwr gks xbZ FkhA bl ;q) esa lS;n vCnqy jgerqYykg uked nks LFkkuh; ;ks)kvksa usdaiuh dh lsuk dk MVdj eqdkcyk fd;k Fkk vkSj var esa ekjs x;s FksA

bl o"kZ 2014 esa bl cDlj&;q) 1764 ds 250 o"kZ iwjs gks x;sA 1764 dks ;kn djrs gq, ^ts,u;w ifjlj^ ds ikBdksads fy, ;g dgkuh izdkf'kr dh tk jgh gSA½


NksM+ ds x, rks Bhd ugha gksxk] NksVs fe;k¡! vkSj og Hkhjetku esaA xk¡o esa ?kqlus ugha nsaxsA HkkbZ] ;g D;k ckr gqbZfd vkSj le; rks xk¡o es] ioZ&R;ksgkj esa ckgj! ;g dSls gksldrk gS \* ;g lksp jgs Fks] ;g rks mudk I;kj gh Fkk fdvkQrkc dks mUgksaus cPps dh rjg i<+k;kA vkt mUgha dhcnkSyr o cksMZ dh ijh{kk ns jgk gSA fQj D;k ckr gks xbZ \*

^^fdl lksp esa iM+ x,] NksVs fe;k¡ \** vpkudegs'k pkS/kjh dh vkokt lqudj og pkSad mBs Fks] ^^dghack¡/k okys tehu rks ugha csp jgs \**

^^tehu \** viuh iq'rSuh tehu ds ckjs esa egs'kpkS/kjh dks ckr djrs ns[k igys rks NksVs fe;k¡ pkSads] fQjFkksM+k Mj x, FksA mUgsa ;kn gS] ml fnu f>>drs gq, mUgksausiwNk Fkk] ^ûgha tukc] fdlus dgk vkils \ tehu dSlscspw¡xk \ og rks gekjs iqj[kksa dh fu'kkuh gSA lkspk gS]vkQrkc tc cM+k gks tk,xk] rc ogh dqN dj ysxkA** ogle> ugha ik jgs Fks vkSj D;k dgsa \

^ rc \** egs'k pkS/kjh us Qwdu dkdk dh vksj ns[krs gq,mudh nkfguh ta?kk ij gkFk ekjk Fkk vkSj BBkdj g¡l iM+s FksA

^^cu x, u cq)w!** Qwdu dkdk us Hkh gks&gks djdsg¡lrs gq, dgk Fkk] ^^fe;k¡] ,dne cq)w gh jg x, vki!Hkyk ge vkidks ijs'kku dj ldrs gSa \ og Hkh rislj HkkbZds uke ij \ vkSj vkius dSls le> fy;k fd rislj HkkbZvkidks ykBh ysdj <w¡< jgs gSa \**

ij bl ckj] gj ckj dk etkd ,d cM+k lp cudjmuds lkeus [kM+k FkkA yksxksa dh rkfy;k¡ muds lhus ijckj&ckj gFkkSM+s dh rjg pksV ij jgh FkhaA ml fnu rks NksVsfe;k¡ dks dqN tokc nsrs ugha lw>k Fkk] ij eu esa ,d Mj rkscSB gh x;k FkkA mM+rh [kcj ij ;dhu rks ugha dj ldrs Fks]ij t:j dksbZ ckr Fkh tks muls fNikbZ tk jgh FkhA

^^;g ck¡/k ij D;k gks jgk gS \** ml fnu fgEerdjds NksVs fe;k¡ us Qwdu dkdk ls iwN gh fy;k] ^dksbZ dgjgk Fkk] ck¡/k ij ehfVax gksus okyh gS \ ckgj ls ikVhZ ds dksbZcM+s usrk vk jgs gSa \** mUgksaus Qwdu dkdk dh vk¡[kksa esa >k¡drsgq, iwNk Fkk] ^vHkh rks fiNys lky gh pquko gq, FksA ljdkjfxj xbZ gS D;k \** og le> ugha ik, vkSj D;k iwNsa \

^^ljdkj! 'kqHk&'kqHk cksfy,] NksVs fe;k¡!** Qwdudkdk ds cksyus ds igys egs'k pkS/kjh cksy iM+s Fks] ^fdldhetky gS tks ljdkj dks fxjk ns \ vkSj vkidks fdluscrk;k fd ck¡/k ij ehfVax gks jgh gS \** muds psgjs ij?kcM+kgV ds Hkko vk x, FksA

^ûgha] Ldwy ij dqN yksx vk jgs FksA** ml fnu rksNksVs fe;k¡ egs'k dh ?kcM+kgV ugha le> ik, FksA ektjkckn esa le> esa vk;kA pcwrjs ij cSBrs gq, mUgksaus egs'k lsiwNk Fkk] ^^D;k c`tfcgkjh ckcw vk jgs gSa \**

^ûgha&ugha---,slh dksbZ ckr ugha gS----- vkSj gk¡----**egs'k pkS/kjh us ?kcjkrs gq, Hkh ckr l¡Hkky yh Fkh] ^ctfcgkjhckcw bl ckj ugha vk jgs gSa! gjh'k ckcw dg jgs Fks fd og HkhdksbZ usrk gSa \ vktdy ikVhZ esa dgk¡ mudh dksbZ ckr ekurkgSA cM+s ea=h th us rks muls lkQ&lkQ dg fn;k gS fdtkdj dgha vkRefparu djsa! tc ikVhZ dks t:jr gksxh] rcmUgsa cqyk fy;k tk,xkA** muds psgjs ij for".kk ds Hkko vkx, Fks] ^bl ckj gjh'k ckcw us ,d rst&rjkZj ;qok usrk dkscqyk;k gSA ikVhZ esa vktdy mUgha dh pyrh gSA vkius ukelquk gksxk & lqjsanz ckcw! oSls mudk vlyh uke lqjsanz lksa/khgSA gSa rks jktLFkku ds] ijarq iwjs ns'k dks viuk ?kj ekurs gSaAlcls mudks I;kj gSA pkgs og fganw gks ;k eqlyeku] flD[kgks ;k bZlkbZ!** iwjs fo'okl ds lkFk dg jgs Fks os] ^;gk¡ dqNfodkl dk dk;Z djuk pkgrs gSaA cM+h eqf'dy ls gjh'k ckcwus ;gk¡ vkus ds fy, mudks rS;kj fd;k gSA**

^^;g rks cM+h vPNh ckr gSA** NksVs fe;k¡ us dg rksfn;k] ij fpafrr gks x,A og le> ugha ik jgs Fks] ;g lcD;k gks jgk gS \ blds igys xk¡o esa bl rjg dh dksbZ ckrugha gqbZ FkhA gj vkneh ,d&nwljs dh bTtr djrk] [kqyseu ls ckrsa djrk] pkgs og fdlh Hkh leqnk; dk D;ksa u gks!muds vCck Hkh bl xk¡o ds yksxksa dh tcku vkSj jgu&lgudh rkjhQsa djrs ugha FkdrsA vkSj ;g lc mUgsa Hkh bl xk¡ols fojklr esa gh feyk FkkA muls rks mUgksaus cl bruk ghlquk Fkk fd bl bykds esa fQjafx;ksa ds lkFk nks&rhu lkSlky igys dksbZ cM+h yM+kbZ gqbZ FkhA bl xk¡o ds yksxksa usHkh mlesa c<+&p<+dj fgLlk fy;k FkkA mlh esa muds iqj[ksb/kj vk x, FksA irk ugha D;ksa] tc Hkh jmtk ij tkrs] ogk¡iRFkjksa ls xqnk gqvk vaxzst dSIVu equjks vkSj uokc ehjdkfle ds chp 22 vDVwcj] 1764 dks gq, cDlj&;q) dsLekjd mUgsa cspSu djus yxrsA mudh Hkqtk,¡ QM+d mBrhaApkjksa vksj ygygkrs gjs&Hkjs [ksr mUgsa ns[kdj epy mBrsAmUgsa yxrk] bu [ksrksa esa muds iwoZtksa ds Je vkSj la?k"kZlhuk rkudj xoZ ls eqLdjk jgs gSaA ;g Hkh vk'p;Z dh ckrFkh fd bl bykds esa eqlyekuksa dh vc dbZ cfLr;k¡ gks xbZFkha] fQj Hkh muds ifjokj us ;g xk¡o ugha NksM+kA gk¡] mUghadh rjg bDds&nqDds vkSj eqfLye ifjokj vklikl ds xk¡oksaesa jgrs Fks] ij fdlh us lu~ lSarkfyl esa Hkh xk¡o ugha NksM+kAij gky esa ns'k ftl rjg dh ?kVuk,¡ c<+ jgh Fkha] mllslHkh fpafrr FksA tc Hkh feyrs] ppkZ dk fo"k; ;gh gkrkfd vc dksbZ xka/kh Hkh ugha jgk tks mudh j{kk ds fy, HkjhHkhM+ esa ykBh ysdj [kM+k gks tk,xkA

laifŸk ds uke ij NksVs fe;k¡ ds ikl dqy Ngch?kk tehu FkhA ck¡/k ds ikl djhc lk<+s rhu ch?kk vkSj<kbZ ch?kk jmtk ijA ck¡/k ds ikl okyh vk/kh ls vf/kdtehu ck¡/k us gh yh FkhA cph gqbZ tehu Bhd iapk;r ds


lkeus iM+rh Fkh] ftl ij lky&Hkj dksbZ u dksbZ tylk gksrkjgrk FkkA mlls cM+k dksbZ nwljk eSnku xk¡o esa ugha FkkA

^dgha fQj dksbZ ck¡/k rks ugha cu jgk \* ml fnudh ckrphr us mUgsa fpafrr dj fn;k Fkk] ^<kbZ lky lsvf/kd gks x,] vHkh rd ck¡/k okyh tehu dh dVkbZ dkiSlk ugha feykA vc fQj D;k cuus okyk gS \*

^^fdl lksp esa iM+ x,] fe;k¡ \** egs'k pkS/kjh usVksdk Fkk] ^^?kcM+kb, ugha] viuh gh ikVhZ ds yksx vk jgsgSa( dksbZ fQjaxh ugha!** eq¡g pykrs gq, mUgksaus dgk Fkk]^^usrkth us rks Bku fy;k gS fd ns'k esa cps gq, lkjs fQjafx;ksadks fudky ckgj djsaxs!**

^viuh ikVhZ \* NksVs fe;k¡ ds eu esa }a} ep x;k]^;g egs'k ckcw dks D;k gks x;k gS \ irk ugha D;kvuki&'kuki cksys tk jgs gSa \* mUgksaus vius fnekx ijcgqr tksj Mkyk] ij le> ugha ik,] ckr D;k gS \ vkSj ;gQwdu dkdk vkSj egs'k pkS/kjh ljdkjh ikVhZ esa dc pys x, \egs'k pkS/kjh dks rks gjh'k ckcw ds lkFk ?kwers gq, dbZ ckjns[kk Fkk] ij Qwdu dkdk \ eu dh ckr eu gh esa nckrsgq, mUgksaus dgk] ^vPNk&vPNk! rc rks [kwc jkSud gksxh \**

^^gk¡!** bl ckj Qwdu dkdk cksys Fks] ^HkkbZ] tks Hkhesjs xk¡o vkSj ns'k dh fpark djsxk] ge rks mlh ds lkFk gSa!**

ml fnu vkSj dqN bl ckjs esa ckr ugha gqbZ FkhAij Qwdu dkdk FkksM+k fpafrr t:j FksA fdl ckr ds fy,]irk ugha! ykSVrs le; NksVs fe;k¡ dk /;ku ckj&ckj ck¡/kokyh tehu dh vksj pyk tkrkA ck¡/k okyh cph tehu esals rks djhc pkj&lk<+s pkj QhV feV~Vh dkVdj Bsdsnkj usmls cjlkrh xM~<+k cuk fn;k FkkA cjlkr esa ogk¡ ikuh tetkrkA fQj rks cPps mlesa dwnrs Qk¡nrs ugkrs jgrs ;k ogk¡pjrh xk;] HkSal] cdfj;k¡ ikuh ihrh jgrhaA

^xkS;sa lc vk'khokZn nsrh gksaxh NksVs fe;k¡ dks!* m/kjls xqtjrh gqbZ xk¡o dh efgyk,¡ vkSj [ksr ij tkrs cw<+s dgrsA

bl chp ,d&nks fnu vkSj chr x,] ij u ghrislj ekLVj NksVs fe;k¡ dks <¡w<rs gq, vk, vkSj u gh egs'kpkS/kjh xk¡o esa dgha fn[kkbZ iM+sA ml fnu 'kke esa tc NksVsfe;k¡ vk;qosZfnd dkWyst dh vksj ls cDlj tk jgs Fks] rcvpkud lM+d dh vksj ls vkrs gq, pkS/kjh lkgc mulsVdjk x,A muds lkFk rhu&pkj yksx vkSj Fks] ij os xk¡ods ugha yx jgs FksA muds da/ks ij >ksys yVds gq, Fks vkSjgkFkksa esa NksVh&NksVh ykfB;k¡ FkhaA

^^ikVhZ ds yksx gSaA** egs'k pkS/kjh us crk;k] ^dylHkk gS u] mlh dh rS;kjh ds fy, ;s lc vk, gSaA vktdyfojks/kh ikVhZ okys lHkk esa vkdj xM+cM+h QSyk nsrs gSaA mUgsajksduk t:jh gSA vPNk]** mUgksaus pyrs&pyrs dgk] ^vkidy ck¡/k ij lHkk esa t:j vkb,xkA lksa/kh lkgc vk jgs

gSa] uA** NksVs fe;k¡ mUgsa ihNs tkrs ns[krs jgsA pkS/kjh lkgcdgrs tk jgs Fks] ^^vc xk¡o esa dksbZ leL;k ugha jgsxhAlksa/kh lkgc lkjh leL;k,¡ nwj dj nsaxsA**

^^lc vkidh esgjckuh gS!** NksVs fe;k¡ tc rddqN vkSj dgrs] rc rd os dkQh vkxs fudy pqds FksA

NksVs ,-------- vks NksVs fe;k¡ --------] ** vHkh NksVs fe;k¡eqM+dj vkxs c<+us gh okys Fks fd rHkh ihNs ls fdlh dsiqdkjus dh vkokt vkbZ] ^^vkius dqN lquk \**

^vjs ek/ko HkkbZ vki \** ihNs eqM+dj ns[kk rks ek/ko ikaMsyids pys vk jgs Fks] ^D;k ckr gS \ bruk gk¡Q D;ksa jgs gSa \**^^ljdkj xk¡o esa ihus ds ikuh dk ,d cM+k rkykc cuokjgh gSA dy xk¡ esa ck¡/k ij mldh ?kks"k.kk gksus okyh gSAgjh'k ckcw] egs'k pkS/kjh vkSj ikVhZ vkWfQl ls vk, dqNyksx iapk;r ?kj ds ikl dksbZ tehu ns[k jgs gSaA** ek/koikaMs dh gk¡Qh vc de gks xbZ FkhA

^^;g rks cgqr vPNh ckr gSA** mUgksaus dgk] ^Qwdudkdk ds ;gk¡ egs'k ckcw dqN dg jgs FksA**

^^rks vkidks dqN [kcj gS Hkh ;k ugha \** ek/koikaMs us mudh vk¡[kksa esa >k¡drs gq, iwNk] vpkud dqNdgrs&dgrs og #d x,] ^^vPNk tkus nhft,! dgk¡ tkjgs gSa \**

^^cDlj!** dgrs gq, mUgksaus ek/ko ikaMs ls ckrtkuus dh cgqr dksf'k'k dh] ij os Vky x,A

ml le; rks ek/ko ikaMs dk b'kkjk og le> ughaik, Fks] ij tc nwljs fnu lHkkLFky ij igq¡ps rc mudkekFkk BudkA gjh'k ckcw pkSdh ij ikyFkh ekjdj cSBs gq,FksA egs'k pkS/kjh ,oa Qwdu dkdk ds lkFk ikVhZ vkWfQl lsvk, os rhu&pkj yksx irk ugha fdl ckr ij gjh'k ckcwls cgl dj jgs FksA xk¡o ds dqN ;qod vkSj cqtqxZ mUgsa ?ksjs[kM+s FksA muls FkksM+h gh nwjh ij ek/ko ikaMs xk¡o ds dqN;qodksa ds lkFk [kM+s tksj&tksj ls ckrsa dj jgs FksA vklikldqN cPps [ksy jgs FksA ,d rjQ efgyk,¡ vk¡oys ds isM+ dsuhps cSBh gqbZ dHkh >qd ds] dHkh g¡l ds vkSj dHkh tksj&tksjls rkfy;k¡ ekjdj irk ugha fdl ckr ij cgl fd, tk jghFkhaA Hkxq xksM+ eap ltkus esa tqVk FkkA mlds lkFk nks&rhuvkSj yksx yxs gq, FksA

^^vjs Hk`xqok ·!--------** gjh'k ckcw vpkud eap dhvksj ns[kdj tksj ls fpYyk, Fks] ^Qwyekyk yk;k fd ugha js \**

^^gk¡] ekfyd!** Hk`xq us ogha ls fpYykdj dgk]^^lc rS;kj gS!**

^^vjs!** vpkud gjh'k ckcw dh fuxkg NksVs fe;k¡ij iM+h] ^vki dc vk, \** fQj egs'k ckcw dh vksj ns[krsgq, dgk] ^^vjs] egs'k ckcw] cSBkb, NksVs fe;k¡ dks! ;s rksgekjs vkt ds fo'ks"k egeku gSaA**


^^gk¡&gk¡! vkb,-------vkb,] NksVs fe;k¡ th]** egs'kpkS/kjh us yiddj NksVs fe;k¡ dk da/kk idM+k Fkk] fQj mUgsa[khaprs gq, pkSdh ij yk, Fks] ^cSfB,!** NksVs fe;k¡ bl fo'ks"klEeku dk vFkZ le> ugha ik,A

^vk x,----usrk th vk x,-----!* rHkh lM+d dh vksj'kksj gqvkA lcdh fuxkg m/kj gh pyh xbZA xkfM+;ksa dkdkfQyk utnhd vk jgk FkkA gjh'k ckcw yiddj mBs Fks]^^pfy,! mfB,] egs'k ckcw! vkSj vki yksx]** mUgksaus ikVhZvkWfQl ls vk, pkjksa esa ls nks dks mBkrs gq, dgk] ^nks esjslkFk vkb, rFkk vkSj yksx NksVs fe;k¡ ds lkFk cSfB,!**

lc yksx yiddj xkM+h dh vksj Hkkxs FksA ^lqjsanzlksa/kh ftankckn! ftankckn! ftankckn!! ** Hk`xq xksM+ ds lkFkyksx tksj&tksj ls ukjs yxkus yxs FksA

^^vkb,------vkb,-------** gjh'k ckcw ea=h lqjsanz lksa/khdks xkM+h ls mrkjdj eap dh vksj ys tk jgs FksA ihNs&ihNsegs'k ckcw Fks vkSj mu lcds ihNs xk¡o ds yksxA eap dsvklikl dkQh yksx tek gks x, FksA

^^lTtuksa!** gjh'k ckcw us eap ij p<+dj ekbdl¡Hkky fy;k Fkk] ^^gekjk lkSHkkX; gS fd ns'k vkSj ikVhZ dslcls cM+s usrk lqjsanz lkas/kh th vkt gekjs chp gSaA bl xk¡odk vgksHkkX; gS fd ;gk¡ i/kkjdj mUgksaus gesa viuk Lokxrdjkus dk ekSdk fn;kA** vc rd ea=h th muds lkFk vk,dk;ZdrkZ vius&vius vklu ij cSB pqds FksA egs'k pkS/kjhus Qwyekykvksa ls lcdk Lokxr djuk 'kq: dj fn;k FkkAgjh'k pkS/kjh dk Hkk"k.k tkjh Fkk] ^^ekuuh; lksa/kh th iwjsns'k dks viuk ?kj ekurs gSaA fdlh dk d"V buls ns[kk ughatkrkA tc bUgsa irk pyk fd gekjs xk¡o esa ikuh dh dehgS rks ;s nzfor gks mBsA** mUgksaus lqjsanz lksa/kh dh vksj ns[krsgq, dgk] ^^dgsa u] ge vkids xk¡o vk,¡xs gh! vki yksxrkykc ds fy, txg <w¡<dj jf[k,] ljdkj ds ikl iSls dhdeh ugha gS! vkids xk¡o esa ekuljksoj cudj gh jgsxk!**gjh'k ckcw FkksM+h nsj ds fy, Bgjs FksA egs'k pkS/kjh lksa/kh thdh cxy esa cSBs mUgha dh vksj ns[k jgs FksA vk¡[kksa gh vk¡[kksaesa dqN ckrsa gqbZa] ^^ge xk¡o ds lcls cqtqxZ vkSj lEekfurO;fDr NksVs fe;k¡ ds Hkh vR;ar vkHkkjh gSaA**

NksVs fe;k¡ viuk uke lqudj pkSads FksA FkksM+k xoZHkh eglwl fd;k] ij vxys gh iy lksp esa iM+ x,] ^D;kfd;k gS eSaus xk¡o ds fy, \* fnekx ij cgqr tksj fn;k] ijarqdqN Hkh ;kn ugha vk;kA ^D;k ck¡/k ds fy, tehu dhfeV~Vh nh Fkh blfy, \ og rks dbZ yksxksa us nh FkhA vkSjD;k fd;k gS eSaus \* cgqr nsj rd og ;kn djus dh dksf'k'k

djrs jgs] ij le> esa dqN Hkh ugha vk;kA mUgksaus Qwdudkdk dh vksj ns[kkA os /;ku ls gjh'k ckcw dk Hkk"k.k fljfgyk&fgykdj lqu jgs FksA

^^vc ge mUgsa eap ij cqykuk pkgrs gSaA** gjh'kckcw ds NksVs fe;k¡ dh cxy esa cSBs ikVhZ ds dk;ZdrkZvksa dhvksj ns[kk FkkA nksuksa mudk b'kkjk le>rs gh mB [kM+s gq,Fks] ^mUgksaus xk¡o ds fy, tks fd;k gS] mls ;gk¡ dh turkges'kk ;kn j[ksxh------** mudh utjsa vc Qwdu dkdk ijFkh] ^Qwdu dkdk us blesa gekjh enn dh] cfYd ;g dfg,fd vxj Qwdu dkdk ugha gksrs rks ;g dke laHko ughaFkkA**

NksVs fe;k¡ pfdr FksA mUgksaus b/kj&m/kj ns[kk]fQj eap dh vksj tkus ds fy, mBus dk miØe fd;kA gk¡]Qwdu dkdk dk flj fgyuk t:j can gks x;k FkkA mUgksaus,d ckj NksVs fe;k¡ dh vksj ns[kk] fQj vk'p;Zpfdr gksdjgjh'k ckcw dh vksjA

^^NksVs fe;k¡ us vkt og dke fd;k gS ftls dksbZugha dj ik;kA** gjh'k ckcw xk¡o dh turk dh turk dhvksj ns[krs gq, dg jgs Fks] ^vkt xk¡o esa tks rkykc cu jgkgS]** bl ckj gjh'k ckcw dh utj pkSdh ls mBrs gq, NksVsfe;k¡ ij Fkh] ^^mlds fy, viuh ck¡/k okyh tehu NksVsfe;k¡ us nsus dk ok;nk fd;k gS! og---------**

^/kEe! /kEe!^ [kM+s gksrs gq, NksVs fe;k¡ dks yxk]tSls fdlh us mudh Nkrh ij tksj&tksj ls gFkkSM+k ekjk gksAyxk] fdlh us nksuksa ik¡oksaa esa ,d&,d eu dk cks>k ck¡/kfn;k gksA

Qwdu dkdk igys rks dqN le> ugha ik,] ij tclkjh ckr le> esa vkbZ rks lUu jg x,] ;g eSaus dc fd;k\ vkSj og Hkh NksVs fe;k¡ ds lkFk \ fdruk cM+k >wB cksy jgkgS gjh'k pkS/kjh!** mUgsa gjh'k ckcw vkSj egs'k ckcw dk ;g Nyle> esa ugha vk;k fd vkf[kj D;k pkgrs gSa ;s nksuksa \ xk¡oesa rks fxudj ,d gh eqfLye ifjokj gS] ftlds cqtqxZegrkc [kku dks blh xk¡o us l=g lkS pkSalB dh yM+kbZ esavkJ; fn;k Fkk vkSj ;g D;k gqvk fd vkt mldh lkjhtehu----ugha! ugh!! ;g ugha gksus nsaxs! os vHkh mBus dksm|r gq, gh Fks fd ckgj ls vk, ikVhZ ds nksuksa dk;ZdrkZvksaus muds da/ks dks nckdj fQj ls cSBk fn;kA

m/kj gjh'k ckcw dk Hkk"k.k tkjh FkkA ckj&ckj osNksVs fe;k¡ ls eap ij vkus dk vkg~oku dj jgs FksA xk¡o dsyksx tksj&tksj ls rkfy;k¡ ctk jgs FksA eap ij cSBs gq,lksa/kh th us vc viuh djoV cny yh FkhA


oksYrs;j ¼21 uoEcj] 1694 & 30 ebZ] 1778½ Ýkal ds ckSf)d tkxj.k ;qx ds egku ys[kd] ukVddkj ,oa nk'kZfud FksA os viuhizR;qRiUuefr] nk'kZfud Hkkouk rFkk ukxfjd Lora=rk ds leFkZu ds fy, fo[;kr gSaA dkanhn mudh egkure~ Ñfr gSA ckSf)d tkxj.k;qx dh vU; gfLr;ksa ds lkFk lkFk oksYrs;j dh Ñfr;ksa ,oa fopkjksa dk vesfjdh Økafr rFkk Ýkalhlh Økafr ds izeq[k fopkjdksa ij xgjkvlj iM+k FkkA

,d foosdh czkã.k dh nqfo/kk dgkuh esa Ýkalhlh ys[kd oksYrs;j us thou esa lq[k vkSj nq%[k dk vk/kkj D;k gS] ml ij iz'u fd;k gSvkSj ,d fo}ku czkã.k ds ek/;e ls viuh nqfo/kk izdV dh gSA ;g dgkuh ^tkWu LVoVZfey* ds dFku ß,d vlarq"V nk'kZfud gksuk vPNkgS ,d larq"V ew[kZ lsÞ vkSj ß,d vlarq"V euq"; gksuk vPNk gS ,d larq"V lqvj lsÞ dks pfjrkFkZ djrk gSA thou esa vge~ D;k gS \

eSa viuh ;k=k ds nkSjku ,d o`) czkã.k ls feyk tksfoosdh] gkftj&tokc rFkk cgqr gh fo}ku FkkA vkSj rks vkSj ogcgqr /kuh Hkh FkkA 'kk;n blh dkj.k og vkSj Hkh le>nkj FkkAuk gh mls fdlh Hkh izdkj dh deh Fkh vkSj uk gh mls fdlh HkhO;fDr dks Nyus dh t:jr gh iM+hA mudk ?kj mudh rhucgqr gh lqUnj ifRu;ksa }kjk lqpkfyr Fkk] tks fj>kus dh dyk esan{k Hkh FkhA ysfdu tc og viuh ifRu;ksa ls ugha jh>rk Fkk rcog Lo;a dks n'kZu esa O;Lr j[krk FkkA

muds lqUnj] HkO; ,oa lqlfTtr ?kj vkSj eueksgdQqyokM+h ds lkeus ,d o`) efgyk jgrh Fkh] tks /kekZU/k] ew[kZvkSj cgqr gh xjhc FkhA

czkã.k ,d fnu us eq>ls dgk] dk'k ! eSa dHkh iSnk ghu gksrkA^

eSaus muls iwNk ---- D;ksa \ mUgksaus dgk] eSa pkyhl lkyls v/;;ujr gw¡ vkSj bl rjg ls eSaus vius thou ds pkyhllky x¡ok fn,A eSusa nwljksa dks f'kf{kr fd;k vkSj Lo;a gh va/kdkjesa HkVd jgk gw¡A ;g voLFkk esjh vkRek dks vieku vkSj ?k.kk dhvksj ys tkrh gS ftlls esjk thou vlân; gks x;k gSA eSaus tUefy;k] eSa th jgk gw¡ vkSj le; chrrk pyk tk jgk gS fdUrq eSa;g Hkh ugha tkurk fd le; gS D;k \ eSa Lo;a dks nks ikjykSfdddkyksa ds chp ikrk gw¡ tSlk fd gekjs iwoZt dgrs FksA ijyksd dsckjs esa eq>s dqN Hkh Kku ugha gSA eSa lksprk gw¡] esjh lajpuk iapHkwrvFkkZr~ iaprRoksa ls gqbZ gS ijUrq eSa ;g Hkh ugha tkurk fd lkspdgk¡ ls iSnk gksrh gS \ ;g dg ikuk esjh {kerk ls ijs gS fd lkspHkh psruk vkSj ikpufØ;k dh rjg ,d ladk; gS ;k ftl rjggkFk ls idM+rs gSa D;ksa mlh rjg ls fnekx ls lksprs Hkh gSa \bruk gh ugha fd eq>s flQZ viuh lksp dk gh dkj.k vfofnrgS vfirq esjs fy, xfr dk vk/kkjHkwr Hkh mruk gh vKkr gSA eSa;g ugha tkurk fd esjk vfLrRo D;ksa gS \ ;|fi izR;sd fnu eSaLo;a ls bu lkjs igyqvksa ij fparu] euu djrk gw¡A D;ksafd mŸkjvfrvko';d gS fQj Hkh fdlh izdkj dk Li"Vhdj.k nqyZHk gSAeSa okpky gw¡ vkSj lc dqN dgus ds ckn Lo;a yfTtr ,oa ?kf.kreglwl djrk gw¡A

^;g cgqr vlaxr gS tc eq>ls iwNk tkrk gS fd czãkfo".kq ds }kjk vorfjr gq, Fks ;k nksuksa gh vuar gSA Hkxoku~] esjklk{kh gSa fd eq>s tjk Hkh Kku ugha gS vkSj ;g esjs mŸkj ls lkQizrhr gksrk gSA vks esjs vknj.kh; Lokeh ! gesa crkb,] fl[kkb,]^dSls iki iwjh i`Foh dks tyIykfor djrk gS \^ eSa blls mrukgh ijs'kku gw¡ ftruk fd esjs iz'udrkZA eSa muls ;g Hkh dgldrk gw¡ fd lalkj esa lc dqN Js"B gS ysfdu tks ;q) lsfoukf'kr vkSj viax gq, gSa uk os fo'okl djrs gSa vkSj uk gh eSaAeSa viuh ftKklk vkSj vKkurk ls yfTtr gksdj yksxksa ls viukeq¡g eksM+ ysrk gw¡A eSa izkphure~ iqLrdksa dks i<+rk gw¡ vkSj ;g esjsvKkurk ds va/kdkj dks nksxquk dj nsrk gSA eSa vius fe=ksa ls

,d foosdh czkã.k dh nqfo/kkokYrs;j ¼Ýsap dgkfu;k¡½

rdZ&fordZ Hkh djrk gw¡ vkSj muesa ls dqN dgrs gSa fd gesa viusthou dk vkuan mBkuk pkfg, vkSj nwljksa dh ijokg ugha djuhpkfg,A dqN Lo;a dks Kkuh le>rs gSa fdUrq os viuh vfu;af=rlksp esa HkVd tkrs gSaA eSa eglwl djrk gw¡ fd ;g esjh nq%[khvoLFkk dks c<+krk gSA dHkh&dHkh eSa fujk'kk ds xrZ esa pyk tkrkgw¡ tc bruh lk/kuk ds ckn Hkh ;g vKkr gS fd eSa dgk¡ ls vk;kgw¡ \ eSa gw¡ D;k \ eSa dgk¡ tkÅ¡xk vkSj D;k cuwxk \

,d le>nkj O;fDr dh ,slh voLFkk us eq>s lpeqpnq[kh fd;kA eq>s buls T;knk rkfdZd vkSj bZekunkj dksbZ nwljkO;fDr ugha feykA eSaus ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk fd ftruk vf/kd osKku vkSj laosnuk ls izdkf'kr gS mruk gh os vizlUu gSaA

eSa mlh fnu o`) efgyk ds ikl x;k tks muds ?kj dslkeus jgrh Fkh vkSj iwNk fd vki dHkh Hkh ;g u tkudj nq%[khgqbZ gSa fd vkidh vkRek D;k gS \ og esjs iz'u dks Hkh ugha le>ik;hA mlus vius thou dk ,d {k.k Hkh mu fo"k;ksa ij ughalkspk tks czkã.k dks lrk jgs FksA iwjs fny ls mUgsa fo".kq dsvorkjksa ij vuar fo'okl Fkk vkSj dHkh mls xaxkLuku djus dkvolj izkIr gksrk rks og vius vkidks nwljksa ls vf/kd lkSHkkX;orheglwl djrhA

fu/kZu efgyk ds [kq'kh dh bl voLFkk ls izHkkfor gksdjeSa nk'kZfud ds ikl okil vk;k vkSj iwNk D;k vki nq%[kh jgusds fy, yfTtr ugha gSa \ bl le; vkids ?kj ds lkeus ,do`)k fopkjghu ;a=or thou O;rhr dj jgh gS vkSj fdlh Hkhckr dh ijokg ugha djrh vkSj [kq'k jgrh gSaA & rqe lR; dgjgs gks] mUgksaus dgk & eSaus Lo;a ls lkS ckj dgk fd eSa cgqr [kq'kjgrk vxj eSa vius iM+kslh dh rjg ew[kZ gksrk ij ,slh [kq'kh eq>svLohdk;Z gSA

czkg~e.k ds bl mŸkj us eq>s cgqr gh izHkkfor fd;k vkSjeSaus vkRefujh{k.k ds i'pkr ik;k fd eSa vKkurk ds ewY; ij[kq'kh dnkfi Lohdk;Z ugha dj ldrkA

eSaus ;g izLrko nk'kZfud ds ikl j[kk vkSj os eq>lslger gq,A ;|fi eSaus dgk fd bl rjg dh lksp esa fojks/kkHkklgSA vkf[kj vge~ iz'u gS D;k \ lq[kh jguk ! D;k QdZ iM+rkgS fd cqf)eku gks ;k ew[kZ \ bu lcls T;knk vge~ ;g gS fdtks yksx vius ÑR; ls larq"V gSa os vo'; [kq'k gSa ysfdu tks rdZdjrs gSa fuf'pr gS fd os vPNs rdZ ugha djrsA blls ;g Li"VgS fd vDyeanh dks ugha pquuk pkfg, D;ksafd ;gh gekjs nq%[kksadk dkj.k gSA lHkh esjs i{k esa Fks rc Hkh eSaus ik;k fd dksbZ HkhO;fDr [kq'k jgus ds fy, ew[kZ cuuk ilan ugha djrk gSA blrjg eSaus fu"d"kZ fudkyk fd Hkys gh ge lq[k dh iz'kalk dj gSarc okLro esa ge vDyeanh dh gh iz'kalk djrs gSaA

;s lc lkspus ds ckn eSaus ik;k fd lq[k dks NksM+djrdZ ds ihNs Hkkxuk ew[kZrk gSA vU; fo"k;ksa dh rjg bl ij vHkhvkSj T;knk rdZ&fordZ djus dh t:jr gSA

vuqokn ,oa izLrqfr % jktho jatu] eksck- 9811976738


20oha lnh ds vfUre nks n'kdksa dks bfrgkl esa nksckrksa ds fy, ;kn j[kk tk;sxkA igyk & vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.krFkk nwljk & lapkj ØkafrA ftl izdkj 15oha&16oha 'krkCnhesa ;wjksi ls vU; egk}hiksa dks tksM+us ds fy, leqæh ekxksZadh [kkstksa us vkfFkZd mifuos'kokn dk ekxZ iz'kLr fd;k]mlh izdkj bu vfUre nks n'kdksa esa lwpuk ekxZ ds vkfo"dkjus vkfFkZd ,oa lkaLÑfrd mifuos'kokn ds fy, jkLrk [kksyfn;kA

lwpuk Økafr ,d tytys ds :i esa vkbZA Hkkjrdk e/;oxZ /khjs&/khjs lwpuk dk daiu* vius vanj eglwldjrs&djrs] ml ^daiu* dh fxj¶r esa ^okbZcszV* ¼Liafnr½gksrk pyk x;kA lwpuk ds bl nkSj esa cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksaus vius njokts [kksys vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj us bls vkfFkZdmnkjhdj.k dh laKk nhA vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k us lekt dh;FkkFkZ le> dks vkSj l?ku cuk fn;kA lekt ds fofHkUuoxksZa ds ikjLifjd laca/kksa] la?k"kksZa vkSj rukoksa dk Lo:icnyrk pyk x;k vkSj mlh ds vuq:i ;qxhu ;FkkFkZ Hkhcnyrk jgkA

fujarj cnyus okys ;FkkFkZ dks izR;sd oxZ vkSjizR;sd O;fDr vius oxhZ; cks/k vkSj oS;fDrd laosnukvksa dsvk/kkj ij xzg.k fd;k gSA blh nkSj esas iqjkus ewY; lektds fodkl ds lkFk ugha py ik jgs Fks vkSj u, ewY;ksa dhjpuk esa iqjkus ewY;ksa dh otg ls #dkoV vk jgh FkhA ,slhfLFkfr esa tc Hkh rFkkdfFkr u, ewY;ksa dks LFkkfir djusokyhdksbZ ckr lkeus vkrh rks lekt gM+cM+h esa mls yidysrkA bl rjg dh gM+cM+h dk dkj.k u, jktuhfrd]vkfFkZd] lkaLÑfrd] /kkfeZd vkSj oSpkfjd ifjisz{; jgsAflusek blh :i esa ;FkkFkZ dk ,d vax Hkh gS vkSj mlesagLr{ksi HkhA

fQYe ,d pk{kq"k ek/;e gSA tc ge fQYe dksinsZ ij ns[krs gSa] rc thou gesa Bhd oSlk gh utj vkrkgS] tSlk fd gesa fQYe esa fn[k;k tkrk gSA viuh bl 'kfDrds dkj.k gh flusek dk izHkko fdlh vU; dyk fo/kk dseqdkcys dgha T;knk gSA flusek lekt ds jktuhfrd]lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd thou dks dbZ :iksa esa vkSj dbZ<ax ls vfHkO;Dr vkSj izHkkfor dj jgk gSA ;s izHkko u rks

lkfgR;] flusek vkSj Hkwe.Myhdj.kMkW- fciqy dqekj*

iwjh rjg udkjkRed gSa vkSj u gh ldkjkRedA

orZeku nkSj miHkksDrkoknh laLÑfr dh fxj¶r esagSA ;gk¡ ^mRiknu&miHkksx* laca/k dk cM+k yphyk vkSjdjrch fu;e ns[kus dks feyrk gSA gkyk¡fd lkfgR; dslekt'kkL=h ßdyk vkSj lkfgR; dh Ñfr;ksa dks lkekftdmRiknu ekurs gSaAÞ1 bl fglkc ls dgkuh dh dksbZ fdrkc;k miU;kl ,d lkekftd mRiknu gSA nwljh rjQ] fQYeHkh u dsoy lkekftd mRikn gS] cfYd bldk y{; Hkhlekt gh gS( iSlk dekus ls ysdj lkekftd lans'k nsus rdAdksbZ jpukdkj lkfgR; jpuk LokUr%lq[kk; Hkh dj ldrkgS] fdUrq fdlh fQYedkj ds fy, ,slh ckr csekuh ekuhtkrh jgh gSA ,sls esa tc dksbZ fQYe fuekZrk fdlh lkfgfR;dÑfr dks vk/kkj cukdj fQYe fuekZ.k djrk gS] rc mldkmís'; ;k rks lkfgfR;d jpuk dh yksdfiz;rk dks Hkqukukgksrk gS ;k og lkfgfR;d jpuk ds cjDl Js"B ewY;ksa ,oau;s iz'uksa dks lekt ds lEeq[k j[kus dk iz;Ru djrk gSAfQYedkj dk mís'; mi;qZDr nksuksa esa ls dqN Hkh gks] ysfduog orZeku nkSj dh lkekftd&oSpkfjd&vkfFkZd&jktuhfrdl?kurk ls izHkkfor vo'; gksrk gSA

bl nkSj ds vafre n'kd esa igyh ckj fdUujksa ijrhu fQYesa iznf'kZr gqbZa & reUuk*] njE;ku* rFkk nk;jk*Ablh n'kd esa dqN ,slh Hkh fQYesa vkbZa] ftUgsa ;fn 'kq) dykfQYesa u dgk tk lds rks Hkh] mUgsa iwjh rjg O;kolkf;dfQYesa Hkh ugha dgk tk ldrkA ^yEgs*] ^#nkyh*] ^lykeckWEcs* vkfn dks bl Js.kh esa j[kk tk ldrk gSA

vaxzsth ls Mc dh gqbZ dqN fQYesa fgUnh esa vkbZavkSj mUgksaus viuh lQyrk ls fQYedkjksa dks pkSadk fn;kA^tqjkfld ikdZ*] ^xk¡Mftyk* rFkk ^VkbVsfud* fQYeksa dksHkkjrh;ksa us dkQh ilan fd;kA

blh izdkj dqN fQYesa {ks=h; Hkk"kkvksa ls Hkh Mc gksdjfgUnh esa vkbZaA buls Hkh ,d ubZ izofÙk dh 'kq#vkr gqbZA

efgyk fQYedkjksa dh igpku dh LFkkiuk bl nkSjdh ,d fo'ks"k izo`fÙk dgh tk ldrh gSA bl vfUre n'kdesa u dsoy efgyk funsZ'kdksa dh la[;k esa gh of) gqbZ] cfYdmudh fQYeksa dh jk"Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij ljkgukHkh gqbZA lbZ ijkatis dh fn'kk* ,oa lkt*] ruwtk pUæk dh^la?k"kZ*] dYiuk ykfteh dh #nkyh* ,oa njE;ku*] vi.kkZ*ys[kd Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dsaæ] ts,u;w ds iwoZ Nk= gSaA


lsu dh ijek*] lrh* ,oa fe- ,.M felst v¸;j*] ikesyk:Dl dh Vªsu Vw ikfdLrku* vkSj vizoklh efgyk fQYedkjksaesa ehjk uk;j dh dkelw=*] ekulwu osfMax* rFkk nhik esgrkdh fQYe ^Qk;j*] ^vFkZ&1947*] ^okVj* dkQh ljkgh xbZaA

orZeku nkSj dk fgUnh flusek Hkwe.Myhdj.k]miHkksDrkokn] cktkjokn vkSj mÙkj vk/kqfud lanHkksZa ls cukvkSj iznf'kZr gqvk( Bhd mUgha lanHkksZa esa n'kZdksa us bu fQYeksadks ilan&ukilan fd;kA ;kuh] orZeku nkSj dk fgUnhflusek Øe'k% jktuhfrd] lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj oSpkfjdifjizs{; ls xqtjrk gqvk vkt dh fLFkfr esa jpukRedrk dsfofo/k vk;keksa dks izLrqr dj jgk gSA

Hkwe.Myhdj.k ledkyhu fo'o dh fof'k"Vrkvksaesa ,d gSA bl 'kCn dk iz;ksx eq[;r% vkfFkZd lanHkZ esafd;k tkrk gSA bl nf"V ls] Hkwe.Myhdj.k eqDr cktkj dhfLFkfr esa fo'o dh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds ,dhdj.k dh izfØ;kgSA ,sfrgkfld n`f"V ls fo'o us mUuhloha lnh ds mÙkjk)ZvkSj chloha lnh ds izkjaHk esa Hkh vkfFkZd ,dhdj.k dkvuqHko fd;k FkkA ysfdu fo'o;q)ksa] vkfFkZd eanh vkSj yksxksads vkokxeu ij jksd ds dkj.k yxHkx 1970 bZ- rd blizfØ;k esa vojks/k jgkA Hkwe.Myhdj.k dh izfØ;k us chloha'krkCnh ds 8osa n'kd ls u, izksRlkguksa }kjk fodkl ik;kA

Hkwe.Myhdj.k ds bl LoHkko ls Hkkjr nks fgLlksa esac¡V x;kA ,d yxkrkj vkfFkZd rjDdh djrk Hkkjr] nwljkyxkrkj vkfFkZd :i ls fiNM+rk HkkjrA 21oha 'krkCnh rdHkkjr esa ^ufn;k ds ikj* dk panu viuk Ñ"kd :i [kksrkpyk tkrk gS vkSj ^ge vkids gSa dkSu* dk izse uo/kuk<~;oxZ ls gksus ds dkj.k lQyrk ds dhfrZeku jprk pyk tkrk gSA

flusek tUe ls gh futh {ks= ds gkFkksa esa jgk gSAfuth iw¡th dh bl Hkwfedk us fQYeksa dh varoZLrq ij Hkh 'kq:ls gh xgjk vlj Mkyk gSA pw¡fd vkBosa n'kd ds ckn lsiw¡th iz/kku ;qx [ke Bksd dj [kM+k gqvk] blfy, fuosf'kriw¡th ds Mwc tkus ds Mj us fQYedkjksa dks lnSo bl ckr dsfy, izsfjr fd;k fd os dfFkr tu Hkkoukvksa dk /;kuj[kdj fQYe cuk,¡A fQYeksa esa yksdfiz; dykdkjksa dksj[kus ds lkFk lrgh dFkkud] gkL; ds fNNys izlax]vuko';d ukp&xkus] HkO; lsV vkSj ekj&/kkM+ ds mÙkstdn'; O;kolkf;d fQYeksa ds fy, vfuok;Z ls jgs gSaA urhtruelkyk@QkewZyk tfur fQYesa pyrh de] fiVrh T;knk gSaA,sls esa] lkfgR; dk :ikUrj.k fQYeksa esa laLÑfr ds ikjEifjdLoj] lkfgfR;d laosnukvksa dh fp=kuqHkwfr dks lq[kn vglklds :i esa j[krk gSA Ýkalhlh fuekZrk&funsZ'kd vkLrqd dkdguk gS fd ßfy[ks gq, 'kCnksa dh rjg flusek Hkh ,d Hkk"kkgS ftls fy[kus vkSj i<+us ds fy, u, nf"Vdks.k dh t:jr

gSAÞ2 orZeku nkSj dh fQYeksa us lekt vkSj cktkj ds nckodks vius f'kYi vkSj dkS'ky ls ,slk jpk fd lkfgfR;dÑfr fQYe :ikUrj.k u gksdj fQYedkj dk u;k l`tuyxus yxhA fQYedkjksa us dyk vkSj jpukRedrk ds vk;kedks dekscs'k vius eqrkfcd fn[kk,] ysfdu Hkwe.Myhdj.kds nkSj esa O;kolkf;d flusek dk lkfgR; ls lkjksdkjmruk gh gS] ftruk dgkuhiu dks cpk, j[kus ds fy,t:jh gksA muds fy, lkfgR; dgkuhiu ls vf/kd dqNHkh ugha gSA vkSj dgkuh esa Hkh cktkj ds eqrkfcd tks t:jhrÙo gSa] dsoy mudks gh 'kkfey dju mudk eq[; y{; gSA

Hkwe.Myhdj.k ds nkSj esa gekjs ;gk¡ ,d ubZ O;oLFkkfodflr gks xbZ gS & fQYeksa ds izn'kZu dks ysdjA ;g gSeYVhIysDl dYpjA ;fn eupkgh fQYe dk fVdV u feyik, rks nwljh] rhljh] vkSj pkSFkh LØhu esa Hkh yxh fQYesans[kus dk fodYi lkeus gksrk gSA vkt fQYe ns[kuk ,deg¡xk miØe gSA bu lc ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vkyksd esalkfgR; dks O;kolkf;d flusek ls tksM+ ysa rks Hkh]O;kolkf;d

flusek brus nckoksa ls curk gS fd lkfgR; dslkFk og U;k; ugha dj ldrkA lkfgR; ls og vk/kkjHkwrdFkkud ;k lkexzh ys ldrk gS] ij insZ ij mldk Lo:icnyk jgrk gSA rHkh vkt dk nsonkl* dydÙkk ls vk,xkrks n'kZd ij og izHkko ugha iM+sxk] tks mls yanu ls okilvkrk fn[kykus ij iM+rk gSA

1980 bZ- ds ckn ls O;kolk;hdj.k ds dkj.kfQYeksa ls Hkkjrh; laLÑfr xk;c gks jgh gSA fQYeksa esalkaLÑfrd LFkyksa ds LFkku nqdkusa vkSj ekWyksa us ys fy;kAHkwe.Myhdj.k ds dkj.k HkkSxksfyd nwfj;k¡ feVha] iwjh nqfu;kdjhc vkbZ] ysfdu fQYeksa esa bldk izHkko lkaLÑfrdfofo/krk ds FkksM+k feVrs :i esa vk;kA lkfgR; ijvk/kkfjr fQYesa gh bl nkSj esa Hkkjr ds flusek dh igpkucpkdj j[k ikbZ gSaA

1980 bZ- ds ckn lkfgR; vkSj fQYe dk fj'rkdBksj ckSf)drk vkSj lkfgfR;d Ñfr rFkk fQYe fuekZ.kdh varoZLrq dh izfrdwyrk esa my> dj jg x;kA tcfd]bl nkSj esa Ñfr ls T;knk lQy fQYe jghA dksgcj dh'krZ miU;kl ls dgha T;knk yksdfiz;rk ml ij cuhafQYeksa] ufn;k ds ikj* vkSj ge vkids gSa dkSu* us vftZrdhA dkj.k Li"V Fkk fd vkS|ksfxd izfØ;k esa O;kolkf;dncko ds pyrs fQYeh mRiknu dks lkfgfR;drk vkSj Ñfrdh laosnuk ds cjDl euksjatu ds ik'oZ esa rS;kj fd;kx;kA njvly chloha lnh ds vUr vkSj bDdhloha lnh dsizkjaHk ds o"kksZa esa bfrgkl us u;h djoV yhA gekjs


lkspus&le>us vkSj thus ds rjhds rduhd] ehfM;k rFkkcktkj dh 'kfDr;ksa ds ncko esa cny jgs gSa ;k cny fn,tk jgs gSaA ,sls esa lkfgR; vkSj flusek dk ikjLifjdlaca/k vius le;] vkxs vkus okys le; rFkk iwoZorhZ le;¼ftls oSpkfjd 'kCnkoyh esa Kkuksn; rFkk vk/kqfudrk laKkls iqdkjk tkrk gS½ dh }U}kRedrk esa ,d jkspd ruko iSnkdjus okyk vuqHko gSA

cktkj us miHkksDrk laLÑfr dks tUe fn;k gSAmiHkksx gh vkt lcls cM+k ewY; cu x;k gSA oSf'odvFkZO;oLFkk ek¡x dsafær u gksdj] miHkksx dsfUær gSA cktkjT;knk ls T;knk miHkksx dh izo`fÙk dks c<+kok ns jgk gSA'kgjh e/;oxZ miHkksx dh míke ykylk dk f'kdkj gksx;k gSA cktkj ds lrr~ fodkl dk ewy dkj.k gh ;gmiHkksxoknh laLÑfr gSA cM+h daifu;k¡ jkst u;s&u;s mRiknksads :i esa u;h&u;h bPNk;sa iSnk djrh gSaA foKkiu mudsegÙoiw.kZ 'kL= gSaA gj jkst vla[; u;s&u;s foKkiumiHkksDrk ds fnekx ij pkSrjQk geyk djrs gSaA ;s foKkiulkFkZdrk vkSj fujFkZdrk dh u;h&u;h ifjHkk"kk,¡ izLrqrdjrs gSaA

cktkj ,d ,slh laLÑfr dks tUe ns jgk gS] tgk¡ikjaifjd ewY; cktkj }kjk rksM+s tk jgs gSa vkSj cktkj dhlqfo/kk ds vuqlkj u;s fljs ls ikfjHkkf"kr fd, tk jgs gSaA,sls esa ,d vke Hkkjrh; dh fLFkfr fueZy oekZ ds 'kCnksa esans[kh tk ldrh gS & ßchloha lnh ds vafre n'kdksa esa eq>tSls Hkkjrh; dks dHkh&dHkh ;g yxrk gS fd eSa ,d ,sls,sfrgkfld ukVd dk xwaxk n'kZd gw¡ ;k mlls Hkh cnrjmldk n;uh; f'kdkj gw¡] ftldh fLØIV fdlh nwljs usfy[kh gS vkSj ml ij esjk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha gSAÞ3

D;k dkj.k gS fd chloha 'krkCnh ds vafre n'kdesa turk dh #fp ,d ckj fQj ikfjokfjd fQYeksa dh vksjeqM+ xbZA bl ek¡x dks iwjk djus ds fy, eSaus I;kj fd;k*]^ge vkids gSa dkSu* vkSj ^fny okys nqYgfu;k¡ ys tk,¡xs*tSlh fQYeksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;kA vkSj] ;s Hkkjrh;ikfjokfjd laca/k Bhd ogh ugha gSa] tks gekjs jkstejkZ dsthou esa vuqHkwr gksrs gSaA ;s laca/k cgqr dqN liuksa dks cspustSls gSaA ;s lqugjs lius ogh gSa] ftUgsa ge miHkksDrk ds :iesa rCnhy gksrs gq, [kksrs tk jgs gSaA

Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dks pV[k jax esa ijkslk tkusyxk] rHkh fot;nku nsFkk dh Ñfr nqfo/kk bl ;qx esa^igsyh* cu tkrh gSA Hkkjrh; fQYeksa dh ek¡x fons'kksa esa^Hkkjrh;rk* ds bl Nn~e :i ls c<+hA 'kjrpUæpV~Vksik/;k; dk nsonkl chloha lnh ds vkf[kjh n'kd esabaXySaM fjVuZ nsonkl gS tks 2010 rd vkrs&vkrs nso&Mh*

tSls gkbZ&QkbZ uke ls izfl) gks tkrk gSA

miHkksDrk laLÑfr ds bl nkSj esa tks fdrkc cktkjesa lQy gks tkrh gS] mldh yksdfiz;rk dks Hkqukus ds fy,ml ij fQYe cukbZ tkrh gSA tSls ts- ds- jkWfyax dh jpukgSjh ikWVj ij fQYe lhjht cuh ;k tSls ehjk uk;j us >qaikykfgjh dh jpuk uselsd ij blh uke ls fQYe cukbZ]psru Hkxr dh yxHkx lHkh yksdfiz; jpuksa ij fQYesa cuhagSaA vkt nqfu;k esa dgha Hkh Dykfld lkfgR; ij fQYesauke ek= gh curh gSaA Hkkjr esa Hkh ;gh fLFkfr gSA

fQYe ^ge vkids gSa dkSu* ds'ko izlkn feJ dsmiU;kl dksgcj dh 'krZ ij vk/kkfjr FkhA egkuxjhdj.k]miHkksDrk laLÑfr ds pdkpkSa/kh; laLdj.k ds :i esa ;gfQYe 1994 bZ- esa iznf'kZr gqbZA bl fQYe dh lQyrk ;gn'kkZrh gS fd ;g vk/kqfudrkokn ls vkxs c<+k gqvk dneFkkA vk/kqfud thou 'kSyh us ifjokjksa dks rksM+k vkSj fookgdh jLesa vkSipkfjdrk Hkj jg xbZaA bl fQYe us cktkj vkSjmiHkksx dh laLÑfr esa mRlofiz;rk dks iqu% vkg~ykfnrfd;kA vkSj urhtk] bl ij MkWyjksa rFkk ikSaMksa dh cjlkrgqbZA fQYe O;olk; us Hkkjrh;rk ds eLds ds lkFkmiHkksDrkoknh laLÑfr ds pLds dks Qyus&Qwyus fn;k vkSjO;kikj ds u, jkLrs fn[kk,A fQYeksa us HkO; lsVksa dhi`"BHkwfe] laiUu ifjokj esa ok;oh fj'rksa dh izfrc)rk]mRÑ"V laxhr ds tfj, dFkk&rÙo vkfn dk la;kstule; ds vuq:i fd;kA vkizoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ds chp vkfnR;pksiM+k vkSj dju tkSgj us 'kkg#[k dks c<+k&p<+kdj [kwciSlk vkSj uke dek;k rFkk Hkkjrh;rk dks izksMDV* ds :iesa cspkA

dksgcj dh 'krZ miU;kl ij loZizFke ufn;k dsikj* fQYe xksfoUn eqfu'k ds funsZ'ku esa 1982 bZ- esa iznf'kZrgqbZA ufn;k ds ikj* esa ekSu eqgCcr dh feBkl vkSj xzkeh.kthou dh jkxkRedrk] fQYe ds ,d&,d Ýse esa clh gqbZgSA fuekZrk&funsZ'kd us ys[kd ds'ko izlkn feJ ds miU;klds iwokZ)Z dks cgqr gh dq'kyrkiwoZd ,d vkn'kZoknh fQYeesa :ikUrfjr dj fn;k gSA eqaacbZ esa igys izn'kZu ij rksbldk n'kZdksa }kjk BaMk Lokxr gqvk] ysfdu tc e/;Hkkjr vkSj mÙkj Hkkjr esa bldk izn'kZu gqvk] rc n'kZdmeM+ iM+sA NksVh txgksa ij Hkh bldh flYoj@xksYMutqcyh gqbZA lgh vFkksZa esa ;g xzkeh.k ifjos'k dh fQYe Fkh]ftlesa ;gk¡ dk tuthou] jLeks&fjokt iwjh thoarrk vkSjrktxh ds lkFk mHkjdj vk;k FkkA miHkksDrk laLÑfr dsvkjafHkd n'kdkaas esa] tc jpukRedrk ds Åij foÙkh; iw¡thgkoh gks jgh Fkh] rc ufn;k ds ikj* us lkfgR; vkSj flusekds lkFkZd laca/k dh fn'kk esa vxzlj gks jgs fgUnh flusek


vkSj lkfgR; ds vkilh laca/kksa dks eq[kj fd;kA

ß^ufn;k ds ikj* NksVh lh lk/kkj.k dgkuh ij cuhvlk/kkj.k fQYe gSA fQYe dk yksdthou ls tqM+k ekuoh;i{k] jgu&lgu dk Lrj] os'kHkw"kk] xhrksa dh yksd/kqu]'kCn&foU;kl] lgt&ljy&lh/ks laokn vkSj x¡obZ laosnukgh bldh 'kfDr vkSj lQyrk dk dkj.k gSAÞ4 bl fQYehyksddFkk us tks [kq'kuqek xzkeh.k ifjos'k jpk vkSj lQyrkikbZ] og 1980 bZ- ds ckn ds nkSj esa nwljh fQYe }kjk laHkougha gks ik;hA dkj.k Li"V Fkk fd HkweaMyhdj.k dh izfØ;kesa miHkksDrk laLÑfr us xzkeh.k ifjos'k dks izLrqr djfoÙkh; ykHk ds vklkj dks ugha ekukA cktkj rFkk miHkksDrklaLÑfr dk izfrjks/k djrh gqbZ ;g fQYe dgha&u&dgha,d lkfgfR;d fQYe dk cf<+;k mnkgj.k gSA

1991 bZ- ls ns'k esa dbZ ifjorZu gq, gSaA fu;af=r,oa vkarfjd n`f"V j[kusokyh vFkZO;oLFkk ckg~; n`f"V okyhgks jgh gSA vf/kdka'k dk;Z{ks=ksa esa jkT; dk LFkku futhm|e ys jgs gSaA jk"Vªh; cktkj dk fodkl cktkj dsfl)karksa ds vk/kkj ij fo'o O;oLFkk ls ,dhÑr gksrk gSAcktkj O;oLFkk ges'kk equkQs dh [kkst esa yxh jgrh gSAeqDr izfr;ksxh cktkj dk;Zdq'kyrk dh xkjaVh rks ns ldrkgS] ysfdu vfuok;Z :i ls lekurk dks lqfuf'pr ugha j[kldrkA blfy, cktkj O;oLFkk esa ^bu vn`'; gkFkksa* ijvikj fo'okl fo'o dks vlguh; vlekurk ds vusd Lrjksadh vksj <dsy jgk gSA

fgUnh flusek esa mPp e/;oxZ dks gh vfHkO;fDrfey ikbZA lkfgfR;d Ñfr;ksa ij cuh fQYeksa dk f'kYi HkhmPp e/;oxZ dks yqHkkus ds fy, rS;kj fd;k x;kA vkeksyikysdj] lwjt cM+tkR;k vkfn cktkjokn ds vUos"k.k esalQy gq, vkSj mUgksaus lkfgfR;d flusek dh viuh vyxHkk"kk dk vkfo"dkj

fd;kA ukSdj dh deht] lwjt dk lkrok¡ ?kksM+k]nkeqy] eksgunkl vkfn lkfgfR;d Ñfr;k¡ fQYeh :ikUrj.kls dgha vf/kd Js"B gSaA

fot;nku nsFkk dk dguk gS fd Þfganh flusek dhbl O;kolkf;drk ds u'ks ij gekjs ;gk¡ dh ,d dgkorlVhd cSBrh gSA NksVs Bkdqj tc 'kkSp ds fy, [ksr&eSnkutkrs Fks rks muds yksVs ds ikuh esa vQhe feyk nh tkrh FkhAbl rjg cpiu ls gh xqnk ekxZ ls vQhe muds 'kjhj esatkrh Fkh vkSj cM+s gksdj og ml u'ks ds vknh gks tkrs FksAgekjs fQYe fuekZrk blh rjg O;kolkf;drk ds u'ks dsvknh gks pqds gSaA vHkh geus nsonkl dk gJ ns[kk gSA blesaftl rjg ek/kqjh nhf{kr vkSj ,s'o;Z jk; tSlh nks LVkj

ghjksbuksa dks fy;k x;k] rks lkjh fQYe mUgha dh VDdj esapyh xbZA nsonkl ds lkFk 'kjrckcw dh Hkh gR;k gks xbZAÞ5

fgUnh flusek vkt ds nkSj esa ,d O;kolkf;ddyk gSA bldh fufeZfr ds fy, izpqj /ku pkfg,A ,sls esalkfgfR;d Ñfr;ksa dk :ikUrj.k ,d iS'ku vkSj lkekftdftEesnkjh Hkh gS] rkfd vkt ds vQykrwuh [kjhn&csp dsle; esa fdLlkxksbZ dh ewy laosnuk ftank jg ldsA igsyh*ds funsZ'kd us orZeku nkSj dh cktkjokfnrk esa lkfgfR;drkdks vksNs <ax ls cpk;kA ysfdu euksjatu ds ek/;e ls iSlkdekuk fQYe fuekZ.k dh cqfu;knh 'krZ Hkh gSA

mÙkj vk/kqfudrk dh foospuk ds Øe esa]^vk/kqfudrk* gekjk vk/kkj rS;kj djrh gSA vk/kqfudrk dsftu fopkjksa ls mÙkj vk/kqfudrk dk >xM+k gS] muesa loZizeq[kgSa& rkfdZdrk] fdlh Hkh rjg ds Hksn ls Åij mBdjekuo&ekuo esa vuqHko dh ,drk] egko`Ùkkarksa dh izeq[krk]O;fDr dh Lok;Ùkrk] ldyrkoknh n`f"Vdks.k] lkoZHkkSfedlR; dh dYiuk vkSj Hkk"kk dh ikjnf'kZrkA bUgha >xM+ksa lsmRiUu gks nsonkl mÙkj vk/kqfud lanHkksZa esa ^nso&Mh* esaifj.kr gksrk gSA rkfdZdrk dks ijs j[kdj dgk tkrk gS fd^rw eqf[kok dks ekjdj nkeqy ij dkgs ugha p<+k jsA*ldyrkoknh nf"Vdks.k ds fojks/k esa ukSdj dh deht miU;klvkSj fQYe ckj&ckj i<+us vkSj ns[kus dh vihy djrh gSA;g gj ckj gekjs fy, fopkj djus dk ,d u;k Lisl fufeZrdjrh gS] tks igys okys Lisl ls ,dne fHkUu gksrk gSAO;fDr dh Lok;Ùkrk rFkk egko`Ùkkarksa dh izeq[krk dsfojks/k esa ^lwjt dk lkrok¡ ?kksM+k* fQYe dk fuekZ.k ,degÙoiw.kZ mÙkj vk/kqfud lanHkZ gSA lwjt dk lkrok¡ ?kksM+kdbZ ?kqekonkj dFkkudkas dks ysdj pyrk gSA miU;kl ,oafQYe] nksuksa esa O;fDr dh Lok;Ùkrk ckj&ckj [kafMr gksrhgS] buesa NksVh&NksVh dgkfu;ksa ds tfj, e/;oxZ ds thouds fofHkUu Hkkoksa dks mdsjk x;k gSA 'kek tSnh us /keZohjHkkjrh ds bl miU;kl dh iVdFkk lkFkZd :i fn;k gSAdFkk ds fofHkUu ewM uk;dRo ds ifjos'k dks dHkh mRiUuugha gksus nsrsA dgkuh ds vanj dgkuh dh fdLlkxksbZ 'kSyhegko`Ùkkar dh vo/kkj.kk dks /oLr djrh gSA

mÙkj vk/k qfud foe'kZ Hkkjrh;&lkaLÑfrdvo/kkj.kk esa FkksM+k Bw¡lk gqvk izrhr gksrk gSA blfy,tulapkj ds fofHkUu ek/;eksa] tSls Vsyhfotu] v[kckj vkfnesa e/;;qxhu ekufldrk ds /kkfeZd izopu] nsoh&nsorkvksadh efgek dk xku djus okys lhfj;Yl fn[kk, tkrs gSaAbl ij Hkh] e/;;qxhu ekufldrk ds }U} esa mÙkj vk/kqfudfoe'kZ lkfgR; vkSj flusek }kjk nfyr eqfDr] L=h Lok/khurkvkSj euq"; dh Lora=rk dh iSjoh djrk fn[krk gSA


mÙkj vk/kqfudrk vfrfodflr lekt ds lkFklac) dh tkrh gSA ,slh vuqdwy fLFkfr;k¡ fo'ks"kr% Hkkjr dsegkuxjksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA ekl ehfM;k }kjk laosnuk'kwU;cuk nsus okyk ikWiqyj dYpj ijkslk tk jgk gSA budslg;ksx ls fodflr gqbZ miHkksDrkoknh laLÑfr bfrgkl]pfj=] rkfdZdrk] uSfrdrk] ewY;&O;oLFkk dks [kafMr djjgh gSA ;g vkt ds 'kgjh e/;oxhZ; Hkkjrh; lekt dhlPpkbZ izrhr gks jgh gSA ,sls nkSj esa fgUnh fQYesa Hkh vNwrhugha jgh gSaA ^jax ns clarh* uO; ,sfrgkfld foe'kZ dksdykRed :i esa izLrqr djrh gS rks yxs jgks eqUukHkkbZ* xk¡/khokn dks iquO;kZ[;kf;r djrh gSA njvly bl rFkkdfFkrmÙkj vk/kqfud ifjos'k esa chloha lnh ds vafre n'kd lsgekjh laLÑfr ewyr% ,d flusekbZ laLÑfr* gksrh pyh tkjgh gSA

mÙkj vk/kqfud lanHkksZa ds dkj.k uDlyokn]vkradokn] lkekftd&vkfFkZd] oxhZ; pfj= dh lPpkbZvkfn leL;k,¡ Qyd ij vkuk 'kq: gksrh gaS] tksvfr&vkS|ksfxd vk/kqfudrk dh nsu gSaA izdk'k >k fgUnhfQYeksa ds ek/;e ls ^nkeqy* ls ysdj ^vigj.k* rd dh;k=k dks fcgkj dh jktuhfrd ;k=k ds ifjisz{; esa ns[krsgSaA Øe'k% nkeqy*] eR;qnaM*] xaxkty* vkSj vigj.k* fQYesafcgkj ds rhu n'kdksa dh jktuhfrd ;k=k dks n'kkZrh gSaAbu lcesa jktuhfr ds lkFk&lkFk gj leL;k ds ewy esa dghau dgha vkfFkZd izHkko Hkh gSA dFkkdkj 'kSoky dh dgkuh^nkeqy* ij cuh nkeqy* fQYe nfyr&fiNM+ksa vkSj lkearksa dsvkilh Vdjko dks n'kkZrh gSA 1970 bZ- ds ckn fcgkj dsHkwfeghu fdlku lkearksa ds paxqy ls fudyus ds fy, NViVkusyxsA blh nkSj esa uDlyokfn;ksa dk izHkko foLrkj ik;kA

blh i`"BHkwfe esa ^nkeqy* dh dFkk fu:fir gS] tks viusdFku] vfHku; {kerk] vn~Hkqr i"BHkwfe ds jpko ls dykRedrkdk n'kZu djkrh gSA

mÙkj vk/kqfudrk dh fopkj/kkjk ls izHkkfor gksdj^ukSdj dh deht* ¼1999 bZ-½ dk fuekZ.k ef.k dkSy usfd;kA ukSdj dh deht* Hkk"kk dh ikjnf'kZrk ds vk/kqfudekun.M dks rksM+rh gSA bl fQYe dk laokn & lkgc dhdeht iguus ls dksbZ lkgc ugha gksrk vkSj ^ukSdj dhdeht* iguus ls dksbZ ---A* ^dksbZ* ds ckn laokn ekSu gkstkrk gSA dksbZ* 'kCn bl n`'; esa gkL;* vkSj ruko*] nksuksamRiUu djrk gS vkSj xgjs vFkZ dh O;atuk djrk gS] tksn'kZd vius&vius ifjos'kxr vkSj LoHkkoxr ekufld voLFkkls xzg.k dj ldrs gSaA

fQYe ,d Lisl dk fuekZ.k djrh gS vkSj dsUæh;rkdh vo/kkj.kk dks /oLr djrh gSA dyk ek/;e gksus dslkFk&lkFk flusek dks cktkj ds mRiknu ds lalk/kuksa vkSjrkdrksa dk bLrseky djds n'kZdksa rd igq¡puk gksrk gSAn'kZdksa rd igq¡pus ds fy, mls ftl izfØ;k dk bLrsekydjuk gksrk gS] og izfØ;k ogh gksrh gS] tks vU; mRiknksa dsfy, t:jh gksrh gSA flusek dks oSls Hkh vkerkSj ij m|ksxdh Js.kh esa j[kk tkrk gSA bl nf"V ls ns[kus ij flusek ,dmRikn gS] yssfdu ;g dyk&mRikn gSA

1 eSustj ik.Ms;] lkfgR; ds lekt'kkL= dh Hkwfedk] i- 1242 egsUæ feÙky] Hkkjrh; pyfp=] i`- 23 fueZy oekZ] iRFkj vkSj cgrk ikuh] i`- 614 olq/kk 81] ¼la-½ Lo;a izdk'k] jktsUæ 'kekZ] i`- 4175 vkmVyqd] ¼la-½ vkyksd esgrk] flrEcj 2007] i`- 24

vxj esjs gkFkksa esa rkuk'kkgh lÙkk gks] rks eSa vkt ls gh fons'kh ek/;e ds tfj;s gekjs yM+ds vkSj yM+fd;ksadh f'k{kk cUn dj nw¡aA eSa ikB~;&iqLrdksa dh rS;kjh dk bartkj ugha d:axkA os rks ek/;e ds ifjorZu dsihNs&ihNs pyh vk;saxhA ;g ,d ,slh cqjkbZ gS] ftldk rqjUr bykt gksuk pkfg,A

&egkRek xk¡/kh


vk/kqfudrk vke rkSj ij u;kiu] uohurk] ijaijk

dh lekfIr dk eryc gSA jktuhfrd vkSj lkekftd lanHkZ

esa ;g Lora=rk vkSj lekurk ds mís'; ds fy, gSA gkykafd]

lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd vk/kqfudrk ds izfreku lkaLÑfrd

vk/kqfudrk ds :i esa rCnhy gks tkrk gSA ;g dbZ Hkkjrh;ksa

ds fy, ,d cgqr gh tfVy iz'u gks tkrk gSA u rks

vk/kqfudrkoknh vkSj u gh mÙkj&vk/kqfudrkokfn;ksa us dHkh

Hkh ,sls tfVy eqn~nksa dks mtkxj ugha fd;k gS D;ksafd

mudk viuk dke ek/;e rFkk :ioknh ijaijk ds lanHkZ esa

dssoy O;wrirhr gSA vkt oSf'od dyk ;k oSf'od dyk ds

bfrgkl ij ppkZ vkSj cgl dh tk jgh gSA ,d HkweaMyhdj.k

dks dSls ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS] vius vki esa ,d leL;k gS

vkSj HkweaMyhdj.k ds Hkkxhnkjksa ds }kjk oSf'od D;k gS fd

iwjh izfØ;k dks mu ij Vhds jguk@idM+ cuk, j[kuk gSA

Xykscy ges'kk ;wjks vesfjdh n`f"Vdks.k dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;k

x;k gSA Hkkjrh; ledkyhu dyk ds lanHkZ esa ;g vkerkSj

ij Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr HkweaMyhdj.k esa [kqysiu ds lkFk

Hkkjr esa vk x;k vkSj vDlj bls rRdkyhu dkaxszl ljdkj

}kjk uhfrxr igy dks ,d ekdZj ds :i esa ekuk tkrk gSA

fQj Hkh dyk fufeZfr esa D;k dksbZ ikj lhek,a ugh Fkha \ ,d

ckr fo'ks"krkSj ij dgh tkuh pkfg, dh dbZ vk/kqfud

Hkkjrh; dykdkj yxkrkj ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk esa dyk

izn'kZuh djrs Fks vkSj vkt Hkh djrs gSaA baXySaM ds xHkZuky

dks vkt Hkh dkVk ugha tk ldk gSA iz'kalk dk izek.k i=

igys if'pe ls izkP; izkIr fd, cxSj ns'kh Hkkjrh; mls

Lohdkj ugha djrs gSaaA ysfdu D;k bl ckr dh ppkZ dh tk

jgh gS dh vk/kqfud if'pe lekos'kh@lfEefyr ds fy,

iz;Ru'khy jgk gS tks fd mudh lkekftd o jktdh;

ifjfLFkfr vuq:i Fkk] ysfdu bUgh ifjfLFk;ksa us ckrphr

djus ds fy, ges'kk vius vkidks cq)thoh dgykus okys

f}t yksxksa dks gh ilan fd;k tks ges'kk xSj lekos'kh lksp

fdldk oS'ohdj.k % vkJ; vkSj ledkyhu [kkst \izksQslj ok;-,l- vyksus*

O;k[;ku

vkSj uhfr viuk, gq, gSaA blfy, os ges'kk [kqn ds Qk;ns

dk gh lksprs jgsA tcfd bl rF; dh vksj /;ku ugha fn;k

x;k fd ges'kk Co-arising* ¾ lg miu ¼tks dh fo;rukeh

ledkyhu nk'kZfud Thick Nhat Hanh }kjk iz;qDr 'kCn gS½

,d lka>h ladYiuk gS tks lalkj ds mRFkku ds fy, lwpd

gS vkSj xSjfodflr ns'k gSa muds fy, dkjxj gSA if'pe us

bl rF; dh vuns[kh djds vius Lo;a vFkZO;oLFkkvksa]

laLÑfr vkSj LokFkZ ns[kHkky djuk ilan fd;k gSA if'pe

vkS|ksfxd miHkksDrk mRikn ds lanHkZ esa vf/kd gSA bl

ekeys esa miHkksDrk ,d O;fDr gS] ysfdu ,d jk"Vª ugha gSaA

fodflr ns'kksa }kjk fdlh jk"Vª dks oLrq:i eku fy;k gSA

;wjksi esa teZuh dh rjg cgqr dqN ns'kksa us laLÑfr vkSj Hkk"kk

ds lkFk yxkrkj leUo; vkSj #fp fn[kkbZ gSA gkykafd

Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa #fp uLyh; fl)karksa }kjk izpyu esa

FkhA jk"Vª dh bdkbZ Hkh lkezkT;oknh 'kklu ds lekfIr ds

ckn Hkh c<+k;k lhekvksa ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gSA if'peh

izHkqRo bl izdkj ;wjksi ds :i esa mUur] fodflr ns'kksa esa

mHkj] xgjk ;wjksih; lkezkT;okn ds lkFk tqM+k gqvk gS tks

fd vk/kqfud mRiknu izfØ;k ds {ks= esa tkjh j[kk x;k gSA

yksdra= vkSj lkekftd eqfDr tks vk/kqfudrk dh ifj;kstuk

cu xbZ vkSj ckdh yksxksa dks Hkh og mÙkjnk;h cu xbZA

fczfV'k 'kklu ds nkSjku] xSyjh dyk izFkkvksa dk mn~xe ,d

vk/kqfud igy ds :i esa ns[kk tkus yxk ysfdu og dHkh

Hkh viuh tek gqbZ fojklr oxhZÑr inkuqØe dHkh ugha

NksM+ ldh vkSj ,d vk/kqfud yksdrkaf=d txg ds :i esa

mHkj ugha ldh D;ksafd turk dk ns[kus dk utfj;k

czkã.koknh Fkk tksfd vkaf'kd :i ls feFkdksa dk leFkZu

djuk Fkk vkSj vkaf'kd :i ls vkJ; ges'kk ,d jk{kl dh

rjg feFkd ijaijk o lksp dks c<+kok nsrk FkkA dykdkjksa

dks tc ikjaifjd jktkJ; yqIr gksus yxk fczfV'k lkezkT;

esa lc dykdkj ledkyhu mHkjrs cktkjksa ds lkFk le>kSrk

*izksQslj ok;-,l- vyksus] dyk vkSj lkSan;Z'kkL= laLFkku] ts,u;w] ubZ fnYyhA


djuk iM+k tksfd le; dk cnyko FkkA bl ckr dk fo'ks"k

/;ku jgs fd N=ifr 'kkgwth egkjktk us tks dh dksYgkiqj

ls Fks] mUgksaus dykfo|k dh izkIrh ds fy, fiNMs+ oxZ ls

vkusokys Nk=ksa ds fy, foÙkh; lgk;rk iznku dh Fkh rFkk

okil dksYgkiqj vkus ds i'pkr~ budks vkJ; iznku fd;kA

ysfdu mUgksaus dHkh Hkh os viuh njckjh fp=dkj cus jgus

dh cafn'k dHkh ugha j[khA mudh lekos'krk vkSj igq¡p ds

fopkjksa dk fopkj Lora=r iwoZ Hkkjr esa dksbZ eqdkcyk ugha

FkkA vkS|ksxhdj.k vkSj cM+s 'kgj ds {ks=ksa esa dkWjiksjsV

O;olk; ?kjksa ds mn~Hko ds lkFk] dykdkj leqnk; ds fy,

ikjaifjd vkJ; yqIr gks x;kA dykdkj thfor jgus ds

fy, vkxs egRoiw.kZ lk/ku cu ns[k jgs FksA

vaxhdj.k dh izfØ;k vkSj fofu;ksx dyk ds pyrs

dsoy :ioknh ewY;ksa dks vU; laLÑfr;ksa ls Lohdkjuk]

vk/kqfudrkoknh nkok djus okys dykdkjksa dk ,d fo'ks"k

vf/kdkj cuk vkSjk mUgksaus okLro esa LFkkuh; yksxksa ds

lEeku o U;k;ijLrk ds lanHkZ esa lkewfgd izFkk vkSj ,slh

dyk Hkk"kk dk fuekZ.k djuk tks dh inkuqØe oxhZÑr

fopkjksa dks lkadsfrd djds mldh vkykspuk djs] ,slk dHkh

Hkh ugha le>kA D;k oSf'od vkt dsoy oLrq dh oLrqrk ds

fy, gSA ^Xykscy* ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk ds {ks= esa fLFkr gSA

D;k oSf'od ;g ;wjks&vesfjdk dyk laLFkku@dysDVjksa

vkSj laxzgky;ksa ls QSlyk fd;k tk jgk gSA laxzgky;

lkaLÑfrd mRiknksa@vfHkO;fDr;ksa ?kj ds fy, egRoiw.kZ

laLFkkuksa ds :i esa mHkjk gS] dykdkj xSyjh dyk laLFkku

laxzgky; vkSj laxzgky;ks ds chp ,d egRoiw.kZ ek/;e ds

:i esa mHkjk gSA ;gka egRoiw.kZ loky gS fd dSls tkudkjh

izpkfjr dh tkrh gS vkSj dkSu yksx ekSf[kd ¼eq[kfcj½ cus

jgrs gSaA oSf'od xq.koÙkk dyk esa dSlh cuh gqbZ gS vkSj oks

D;k gS ;g if'pe }kjk r; fd;k tkuk gS tks fd lkexzh

dh lkexzrk dsoy ek= mn~ns'; gksrk gS tks fd ewyr%

if'pe gh r; djrk gS fd D;k oSf'od gS vkSj D;k ugha gSA

;g bl izdkj if'pe ,d fu.kkZ;d dkjd cuh gqbZ gSA

vk/kqfudrkoknh dyk ladYiuk us u;k] uohu ek/;eksa dk

:i fuekZ.kh ds mRikfnr Qsdh fy, irk yxk;k tks fd

fo'o iVy esa LohÑr gSA ysfdu egaxh] ifj"Ñr lkexzh]

vkS|ksfxd mRiknksa@vkS|ksfxd gqvk Nfo lkexzh dks dyk

dk ek/;e cuk;kA Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa] vkS|ksfxd lekt dh

vkHkk ,d cgr nwj dk liuk cuh gqbZ gS vkSj blfy, dbZ

LohÑr psruk ls ijs tkuk dHkh ugha gksxk fd lkexzh ds

iz;kstu ds lkFk gh bldk vFkZ iz;ksx ,d i`Fkdrk gSA

dyk Hkou vkSj nh?kkZvksa oSf'od izHkko ra= ds ,d

Hkkx ds :i esa Hkkjr esa ifjpkyu cu x, gSaA laLFkkfir

dyk nh?kkZ,a ikjaifjd laxzkgd vkSj vkJ;nkrk dks fu;af=r

djrk gSA nh?kkZvksa us fof'k"V dykdkjksa dk 'kks muds

O;olk; dks pykus ds fy, 'kq: dj fn;kA ;g laj{k.k ds

iSVuZ esa cnyko cgqr egRoiw.kZ cu x;kA dyk nh?kkZ

izn'kZuh ds iVy dh Lora=rk dsoy fof'k"V dqN ds fy,

vkSj fof'k"V dqN }kjk ,dkf/kdkj gks tkrk gSA xSyjh

vdsys dSls dykdkj dh t:jr dks LFkkir djus dh

t:jr rFkk djus ds fy, lkjh izfØ;k vkSj ra= dk QSlyk

djrh gSA gkykafd ysfdu mnkj dqN nh?kkZvksa ds pyu ls

dqN u, dyk vkJ;nkrk mHkj ds vk, ftlds dkj.k dyk

nh?kkZx.k dk ,dkf/kdkj rksM+ fn;k gSA ,d le; tc dqN

eqacbZ esa dyk nh?kkZvksa ¼tSls xSyjh lkr vkSj lk{kh½ dbZ ;qok

uo fp=dkjksa vkSj cM+kSnk ls i<+s gq, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vkfJr

djuk 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA ysfdu ,sls iz;kl cgqr gh de

cus jgsA vdsys nh?kkZ,a r; djrh gS dh D;k ledkyhu gS

vkSj mudk fopkj ,dek= okf.kfT;d vk/kkj ls ilan gksrk

gSA cgjgky] mHkjrs varjkZ"Vªh; #fp ds lkFk] ckrsa vyx

<ax ls] ,d vyx igy 'kq: gqbZA foi.ku dyk dk;ks± dh

fpark iz/kku cu x;h gS vkSj dykdkj dHkh ugha tku ik;k

dh mldh dykÑfr dgk¡ tk jgh gSA tc tkiku ,d

egRoiw.kZ cktkj vkSj fctusl gkml ds :i esa mHkj jgk Fkk

rc ;wjksi o vejhdk tkiku ds ledkyhu dyk esa #fp ys

jgk Fkk] ysfdu vkt if'pe dh vksj ls dksbZ bl izdkj dh

ftKklk dh D;k ekStwnk tkiku esa D;k gks jgk gS ;g irk

djus ds fy, ugha gSA ;g ,slh ckr Hkkjr vkSj phu ds lanHkZ

esa Hkh ykxw gksrh gSA dSls izoklh vkSj foLFkkfir Hkkjrh;

vkJ; rFkk c<+kok nsus esa vxzlj jgrk gS ;g vius vki

ftKklk o 'kks/k dk fo"k; gS D;ksafd ;gh yksx ;wukbVsM

fdaxMe esa tkfrxr HksnHkko dkuwu ckf/kr djus ds fy, th

rksM+ iz;kl fd;k gS vkSj lkaLÑfrd fojklr dh egku

ijaijk ds :i esa mudh tkfrxr izFkkvksa dh j{kk djus esa


vxz.kh; Hkwfedk fuHkkrs jgs gSaA Hkkjr esa ?kjsyw cktkj@laj{k.k

etcwr gS vkSj ckgjh cktkj ij iwjh rjg fuHkZj ugha gSaA

oS'ohdj.k ds ykHkkFkhZ tks Lo;a dks etcwrh ls dyk dh

nqfu;k esa LFkkfir dj jgs gSa] ;g csgn xyr fLFkfr gS fd

'kk;n gh dksbZ Hkh psruk Hkkjrh; lekt dh leL;kvksa dh

izn'kZuh place for People* vius vkidks dsoy ek= ekuoh

vkÑfr fp=.k ds ek/;e ls oS/krk izLrkfor djus esa lQy

jgk gSA ysfdu og dHkh Hkh fdlh Hkh izR;{k@vizR;{k

jktuhfrd vkanksyuksa dk fgLlk ugha cuk gSA dqN dykdkj

ekDlZoknh jktuhfrd lewg ls vuqikfyr gksus dk nkok

fd;k gS] ;g oxZ ekinaMksa ds lEesfyr y{k.k ds Hkhrj dk;Z

fd;k gSA bl izdkj ls vfHkO;fDr ds nwljs lewg ds fy,

iw.kZ mis{kk gksrh gS ;k Hkkjrh; lekt dks is'k vk jgh

leL;kvksa@eqn~nksa dk fp=kadu djus ds fy, dksbZ jpukRed

igy ugha gSA bl rjg ds fp=dkjksa celebrative eksM@fLFkfr

esa cus jgs vkSj leL;kxzLr ds :i eas tkfr vkSj fyax ds

eqn~ns dh igpku dHkh ughaA vk/kqfudrkoknh ifj;kstuk

bl izdkj ek= czkã.k ladsrd esa viuh lkj dks de djus

ds czkã.k fopkj izfØ;k vk/kqfud ds mnkjoknh ifj;kstuk

esa izLrkfor djds mls cnh'k ds :i esa pyu 'kq: fd;kA

Lo;a 'kSyhr :i Hkk"kk ds vyx&vyx vkoke [kksts tk jgs

Fks vkSj izpyu esa Hkh Fks ysfdu blesa ekSfyd dBksj ifjorZu

ugha fd;s x, gSaA oxZ&dykdkj 'kk;n gh nfyrksa ds lkFk

[kqn dh rknkRerk dj ldsaA ;g ledkyhu vfHkO;atuk esa

dksbZ Økafrdkjh cnyko cukus ds fy, csgn eqf'dy gks

x;kA urhtru ;g cgqr Åijh cus jgsA ;Fkk fLFkfr cuk,

j[kuk vkSj mldk j[kj[kko djuk rFkk uohu psruk mriUu

djus ds fy, fdlh Hkh u,iu dh /kkj.kk djus dk iz;kl

ek= iw.kZr% 'kwU; FkkA ?kjsyw dyk psruk bruh czkã.kh

psruk Fkh fd laxzkgd rFkk dyk Hkouksa us ikjaifjd psruk

;k :iokn dh vk/kqfudrk dks ;s cnyko ykuk ;k

mÙkj&vk/kqfud dyk psruk tks fd czkã.kh; gS mldks u"V

djus dk iz;kl ek= 'kwU; FkkA tks Hkh dykdkj Fks vkSj gSa

os lkjs ikjaifjd :i ls ogh ?kjsyw rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij

gSaA oS'ohdj.k ds izHkko ds lkFk] dykdkjksa dks Hkh if'pe

dh mÙkj vk/kqfudrk mEehnksa ij izfrfØ;k vkSj dyk nh?kkZ,a

Hkh if'pe dh mEehnksa ij [kjk mrjus ds fy, [kqn dks

lek;ksftr djuk 'kq: dj fn;kA dqN if'peh lksp dh

,dkf/kdkj ds ladYiuk ds fy[ks vkykspd gq, ysfdu ;gh

yksx oS'ohdj.k oLrq miHkksxrk rFkk HkkSfrd ykHk ds lcls

cM+s ykHkkFkhZ gSaA vkJ;@laj{k.k dyk dh nqfu;k esa egRoiw.kZ

dkjd gSA dksbZ dyk vkJ; ds fcuk thfor ugha jg ldrh

gSA os tks jktuhfrd :i ls lgh ekurs gSa vkSj lekt ls

tqM+s gksus dk lkgl djrs gSa muds fy, thfor jguk cgqr

eqf'dy gks x;k gSA ,sls iz;klksa ds fy, dksbZ Lora= :i

ls dykdkj jguk cgqr eqf'dy gS tcfd dqN ds ukSdjh ls

leFkZu izkIr djds thfor jg jgs gSa ojuk ,sls dykdkjksa

dks dksbZ mRlkfgr ugha djrk gSA

xSyjh dyk mRiknu dks fu;af=r djus esa ,d

cgqr gh fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk fuHkkus yxh gSA vkt ;g mRiknu

dh izfØ;k dks fu;af=r djus ds fy, ,d ,dy bdkbZ ds

:i esa mHkjh gSA tc rd xSyjh fdlh Hkh izdkj ds dyk

dks c<+kok nsrk gS] vkSj dyk mRikn dks laokn djus ds fy,

cgqr fof'k"V vyaÑr vaxszth Hkk"kk dks fy[kus okys vkykspdksa

dks dke ij j[krs gSa tks fd tcju dyk dh dsoy xq.kxku

fy, gksrk gSA dyk fu;eu ds fu;a=.k o lapkyu xSyjh

vkSj dyk ikjf[k;ksa ds gkFkksa esa iwjh rjg ls gS rFkk mudh

lud vkSj bPNkvksa ij iwjh rjg ls fuHkZj gSaA xSyjh

dykdkj ds fy, ,d izn'kZuh dh txg ds :i esa izLrkfor

gS ysfdu mldh deku vkSj leFkZu fd dksbZ vkSj vf/kd

Lora=rk ugha gSA

Lrj vkSj iSekus gj jkst ds dykÑfr fu;e gks x;s

gSaA dykÑfr ds iSekus iznf'kZr iVy ij gkoh gks x;s gSaA

eq[; :i ls rhu vk;keh dyk dke dks ledkyhu ifjHkk"kk

ls tksM+k x;k gS] bl izdkj dh ewfrZ;ksa ds izfr"Bkuksa] rFkk

rS;kj lkexzh ls cuh dykÑfr;ksa dk pyu jkstejkZ gks x;k

gSA u`foKku dh ladYiuk] cukus okys dh iwNrkN dh

ladYiuk dks cqf)oknh n`f"V ls iz'u mifLFkr djrk gS

D;ksafd u`foKku lewg ds ,dtqV gksus dks T;knk iz/kkurk

nsrh gS uk fd fdlh O;fDr fo'ks"k dks] ysfdu vlyh

O;ogkfjd n`f"V ls cukusokyk* gh ,dek= fpark gksrh gSA

vkSj blfy, dyk laxzgd fdlh dykdkj dh dykfufeZrh

esa dkSu ls f'kYidkj fof'k"V dk;Z djus ds fy, fdjk, ij

fy;k Fkk] ;g irk djus ds fy, fnypLih dgha ugha


fn[kkrs gSaA ufoKku* dyk dks ges'kk lanHkZ ds :i esa cukus

okys dykdkj ds izfr leFkZukRed fparu ugha djrk ysfdu

fcuk cukus okys ds uke ds fcuk ;k dykdkj ds uke ds

cxSj laxzkgd dh dyk fufeZfr dks LohÑfr ugha gksrhA

dykdkj dh fuHkZjrk viuh oSpkfjd eap ls ;g okLrfod

cukus ds fy, fuos'k dh Hkkjh jkf'k dh vko';drk gksrh gS

bl rF; ds fy, os laiw.kZ :i ls xSyjh ij fuHkZj gksrk gSA

D;ksafd xSyjh ij iwjh fuHkZjrk gksrh gSA iSekus] eap]

monumentality, lHkh xSyjh ds lkFk cM+s iSekus ij ppkZ dh

tkrh gSA xSyjh lc dqN ,d ,tsalh gksus ds ukrs ,d

mRiszjd lsok iznkrk ds :i esa dk;Z djrh gS] vkSj D;k

ledkyhu gS vkSj D;k ugha gs mldk vkns'k iznku djrh

gSA dksbZ Hkh ,dek= ,slk iz;kl ugha gqvk gS tks fd

jktuSfrd :i ls dyk fuekZrh dks c<+kok fn;k gS tksfd

czkã.koknh psruk dks >a>ksM ldsA ,slh dksbZ Hkh dyk

fufeZfr ugha gksrh ftls mÙkj&vk/kqfudrk dk ntkZ izkIr

ugha gksrk vkSj tks vlekurkvksa] va/kfo'okl] ns'kh vkcknh

dk foLFkkiu] oxhZÑr inkuqØe esa efgykvksa dh fLFkfr dh

psruk dk loky djus ds fy, fdlh Hkh lwpd ls jfgr gSA

cgq/kk ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd izkphu vkSj

e/;;qxhu dyk dke ysus vkSj izkIr djds laxzgky; cukuk

eqf'dy gks tkrk gSA tc fd ledkyhu laxzgky; cukuk

vklku o ljy gSA tSlk fd Åij crk;k x;k gS] if'pe

ds eq[kfcj dkSu gSa \ ;g os [kqn gh ,sls yksx gSa tks D;k

vPNk gS] cqjk gS] cqf)eku gS] ledkyhu gS ;k ;gka rd dh

cqf)eku gS tc fd ;s ogh yksx tks lcls cM+s O;qRiUudkjh

gSa vkSj viuh idM+ ;FkkLFkku cuk, j[kuk pkgrs gSa] vkSj

ogh yksx mÙkj&mifuos'kh /kkjk dk jpukRed vkykspdrk

fuekZ.k djus esa vleFkZ gSA dykÑfr dh Lok;Ùkrk dykdkj

rFkk n'kZd ds eu esa jgrh gS ysfdu okLrfodrk esa xSyjh

us bl izdkj ds Lok;Ùkrk dks iwjh rjg ls lekIr dj fn;k

gS vkSj ^fuekZ.k* o ^lsou ;k [kir@miHkksx dh Hkwfedk

fuHkk jgk gS ftlls Lok;Ùkrk laiw.kZ :i ls u"V rFkk

oxhZÑr inkuqØe esa ,dhÑr gks x;h gSA

fons'kh Hkk"kk ds ek/;e ds ftlds tfj, fd Hkkjr esa mPp f'k{kk nh tkrh gS gekjs jk"Vª dks gn ls T;knkckSf)d vkSj uSfrd vk?kkr igq¡pk;k gSA ftu fo"k;ksa dks lh[kus esa eq>s pkj lky yx x;s vxj vaxszT+kh dsctk; xqtjkrh esa eSaus i<+k gksrk rks mruk eSaus ,d gh lky esa vklkuh ls lh[k fy;k gksrkA bl vaxzsth ek/;e us esjs vkSj esjs dqVqEc ds chp] tks fd vaxszt+h Ldwyksa esa ugha i<+s Fks] ,d vxE; [kkbZ dj nh gSA

&egkRek xk¡/kh


xaxk izlkn foey dh dfork,¡

dkO; l`tu

izy; ds utnhd

vHkh ?kcjkus dh t+:jr ughage izy; ds ut+nhd ugha gSaA

ij gekjs Hkkoh oa'kt dh gksaxs osizy; ds ut+nhd

geus ml utnhdh esa fd;k gS cstksM+ btkQ+kfiNyh nks lfn;ksa esavkSj vc bu dqN cjlksa esalfn;ksa esa Hkh vkxs c<+ vk, gSaA

vius oa'ktksa Hkkoh oa'ktksa dh mez djus esagekjh Hkkxhnkjh vlafnX/k

gekjs gh }kjk tek fd;k x;k dwM+k¼U;wDyh;j ls gkMZos;j vkSj NksVs Lrj ds IykfLVd½

vkSj u tkus fdrus nwljs fdLe dsuqdlku igq¡pkus okys jlk;utks xanyk dj jgs gSa fo'o dk ikuh

;g rks gS flQ+Z fgeVhyksa dk Åijh f'k[kjuhps geus D;k&D;k xksiuh; fd;kog Åij vklekuksa dks Hksn jgk gS pqipki

ge Hkfo"; ds gR;kjs gSaizy; dks ut+nhd ls ut+nhd ykus okys

izy;okgh foKku ds tudgekjs x.k gSa vkradoknh---os [ksy gh jgs gSa [kwuh gksyhpkjksa rjQ+cs'kdvHkh ?kcjkus dh t+:jr ughaugha gSa ge izy; ds ut+nhd

ij izy; gekjs fljgkus gS;g lp gSA

gok esa fFkj

gok esa ;kuh'kwU; esafFkj gS /kjrhvkSj eSa

usrkvksa dh gokckth esathfor gw¡ eSayxHkx ej.kklUu

bl /kjrh dh dSn esavkt+knh ds fy, djkgrk

eSa ;gh gw¡'kwU; ds fFkji`Foh esa

cny jgh gS i`FohvkSj i`Foh ds vFkZHkwfe gfFk;kus ds fy,iqjkus ;q)ksa dh txgu;s rdks± dk tky

QSyk gS gok esagokckt+ksa dk djrc

eSa ;gha gw¡ns[k jgk gw¡ cnyrk ØetSls lc dqN oSlk gh gks

dfo ts,u;w ds Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dsaæ ls izksQslj ds in ls lsokfuoÙk gq, gSaA



fiNys flyflyksa dh rjggok ds 'kwU; esa xfrghu

tcju tcju eqfDr;k¡eqfDr ds njokt+ksa ij

dhyrh gSa ubZ ikcfUn;k¡vkt+knh gS /keZ dks

dqdeZ dks vkt+knh gS lrrpkjksa rjQ

gok esa ukjs gSa ukjs gh ukjsvkSj 'kwU; esa

fFkj gS /kjrh vkSj eSaA

rkuk'kkgksa dk vUrgj 'krkCnh esa gksrk gS rkuk'kkgksa dk vUrxjt fd vc gksaxs os usLrukcwr

cny ysrs gSa os 'kDycnyrs gSa iks'kkdsa

esjh lnh esa os /keZ dks etcwr dop le>/keZ ds jkLrs vk,

os vius 'kkS;Z lsfofLer djus dh dyk esa ikjaxr

os tu nq[k esalrr nq%[kh

viuh fojnkoyh ds fy,pqu Mkyrs gSa os dfo

vkSj dfox.k--- ckSf)diafDrc) jgrs gSa uo l`tu esaueu esa

idM+krs gSa os ukSflf[k;ksa dksihyh fdrkcyky fdrkc vkSj gjh fdrkc

jax&fcjaxs vkdkjksa dhfo#n xkFkkvksa dk izpkj

djrs gSa izpkjdA dj jgs gSa vHkhvHkh&vHkh izcq) tujp jgs gSa u;k vk'ofLr 'kkL=

os oa'k okn ds tfj,le>rs gSa idM+ dk frfyLe

vkSj u tkus dSlstu/kDds esaVwV tkrh gS etcwrh

os fQj lk/kkj.k esa :ikarfjr gksdjvius vxys tUeksa esaD;kvk,xsavk,xas fQj

D;ksafd gj lnh esagksrk gSgksuk gS rkuk'kkgksa dk vUrA



ßyksxksa dks txkus ds jkLrs esa ;g t:jhgS fd ns'k dh efgyk,a Hkh tkx`r gksaA ,dckj vxj os tkx`r gks tk,axh rks ifjokjHkh vkxs c<+sxk] xk¡o Hkh vkSj ns'k HkhÞ

& tokgjyky usg:

Hkkjr esa ;g vke /kkj.kk gS fd Ñf"k ,d dfBuvkSj Jelk/; dk;Z gSA blfy, ;g iq#"kksa ds fy, ghmi;qDr gS] u fd efgykvksa ds fy,] ijUrq ;g lR; ugha gSvkadM+ksa ij ;fn xkSj djsa rks de gh yksx bl rF; vkSjlR; ls voxr gksaxs fd Ñf"k esa yxus okys dqy 53 izfr'krJfed fgLlsnkjh esa 43 izfr'kr ;ksxnku efgykvksa dk gksrkgSA chtksa ds jksi.k] ikS/kksa ds jksi.k] Qly dh dVkbZ][kjirokj dh lQkbZ lfgr dbZ dkeksa esa efgyk Je dk;ksxnku rqyuk esa iq#"k ls dgha T;knk gSA okLro esa ;gdbZ fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh lR;rk gSA

tks gkFk cPpksa dks ikyus esa >qykrs gSa] vkt gh ughafiNys dbZ n'kdksa ls og gy Hkh pyk jgs gSa] ;gk¡ ^enjbf.M;k* fQYe dh ;kn vk tkrh gSA vkt Hkh lektefgykvksa dks fdlku ds :i esa ugha ns[krk gS vkSj mUgsatehu ds ewy lzksrksa ls nwj j[kk tkrk gS tSls Ñf"k lqj{kkmRikn] cht] /ku dh O;oLFkk vkfnA [ksrksa esa Fkdk nsusokyh dejrksM+ esgur ds vykok ifjokj dk /;ku j[kus dhnksgjh ftEesnkjh efgykvksa dh mRiknu {kerk dks izHkkfordjrh gSA Ñf"k ds fofHkUu rkSj&rjhdksa ij ut+j j[kus dsnkSjku vDlj bl ckr dh vuns[kh dj nh tkrh gS fd efgykvksadks ?kj esa cPpksa ds LokLF; dk Hkh /;ku j[kuk gksrk gSA

,d xSj ljdkjh laxBu vksDlQse bf.M;k }kjkgky gh esa tkjh dh xbZ QSDV'khV bl ckr dh vksj b'kkjkdjrh gS fd Ñf"k vkSj blls tqM+s dk;ks± esa yxHkx 17 djksM+efgyk,a gekjs Hkkstu dk vLlh izfr'kr vkSj Ms;jh mRiknksadk uCcs izfr'kr mRiknu djrh gSaA ysfdu muds ikldsoy 13 izfr'kr lEifÙk dk vf/kdkj gSA rF; bl ckrdh rjQ Hkh b'kkjk djrs gSa fd efgyk,a Ñf"k ds ekSle esaiq#"kksa ds 1860 ?k.Vksa dh rqyuk esa rdjhcu 3]300 ?k.Vsdke djrh gSaA bldk eryc gS fd os iq#"kksa ls T;knk dkedjrh gSaA gkL;kLin :i ls fdlkuksa dh tks Nfo gekjs eu

Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vkSj efgyk ;ksxnku

MkW- lR;sUæ dqekj*

esa cukbZ x;h gS mldk vk/kkj ;g ugha gS fd [ksrksa esa dkedkSu T;knk djrk gS] cfYd bldk vk/kkj ;g gS fd tehudk ekfydkuk gd fdlds ikl gSA

,sls cgqr lkjs lkekftd ca/ku gSa tks Ñf"k {ks= esaefgykvksa ds l'kDrhdj.k esa ck/kd gSaA ,sls dkuwu efgykvksaads l'kDrhdj.k dh jkg esa ck/kk gSaA tks mUgsa tehu dsekfydkuk gd ;k oa'kkuqxr rkSj ij blesa vf/kdkj ikus ls;k nwljs mRiknd lzksrksa dk vf/kdkj ikus ls jksdrs gSaA ;sdkuwu mUgsa vius }kjk mRikfnr dh xbZ oLrqvksa ij iw.kZfu;a=.k ls jksdrs gSaA tehu ds vf/kdkjksa es vlekurk Hkh ,degRoiw.kZ dkj.k gS] tks efgykvksa ds l'kDrhdj.k dks jksdjgk gSA fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa efgykvksa ds ikl iq#"kksa dhrqyuk esa de tehuksa ds vf/kdkj gSaA blds vykok dbZ ckj;g ekfydkuk gd Hkh de le; ds fy, gksrk gSA iq#"kksa dhekSr ds ckn mudh lEifÙk dk vf/kdkj T;knkrj ifjokj dsiq#"k lnL;ksa ds ikl gh tkrk gS u fd mldh iRuh ds iklA,slk blfy, gksrk gS] D;ksafd mUgsa tehu ds ekfydkuk gdds vykok nwljs vU; dke lkSai fn;s tkrs gSaA

^Xykscy Qksje vkWu ,xzhdYpj fjlpZ* }kjk 2012esa vk;ksftr fofeu bu ,xzhdYpj* uked oSf'od lEesyuds nkSjku ;g ckr dgh xbZ fd vius ikfjJfed ij Hkhefgyk Jfedksa dk vf/kdkj ugha gSA efgykvksa dh lektesa ,slh fLFkfr dh otg ls gh ifjokj leqnk;] Ñf"k {ks= ,oavU; LFkkuksa ij os fu.kZ;drkZ dh fLFkfr esa ugha gSaA efgykvksadks bl ckr dk vf/kdkj ugha gS fd og viuh ckr j[kldsa ;k ^us'kuy ikWfylh esfdax Qksje* esa Hkkxhnkjh djldsaA blds vykok efgykvksa ds Kku dks ysdj Hkhviekutud O;ogkj fd;k tkrk gSA

,e,vks us ßn LVsV vkWQ QwM ,.M ,xzhdYpjÞ ds2010&11 ds laLdj.k esa ;g dgk Fkk fd vxj xzkeh.k {ks=dh efgykvksa dks Hkh tehu] rduhd] vkfFkZd lgk;rk vkSjf'k{kk ds vf/kdkj iq#"kksa dh rjg gh feysa rks Ñf"k mRiknudks c<+k;k tk ldrk gS] ftlls Hkw[ks yksxksa dh la[;k esa 12ls 18 djksM+ rd dh deh ykbZ tk ldrh gSA blds vykok;g fjiksVZ bl rjQ Hkh b'kkjk djrh gS fd fodkl'khyns'kksa esa efgykvksa dks Hkkxhnkjh nsdj 20&30 izfr'kr Qly

ys[k

*ys[kd ts,u;w esa izys[ku vf/kdkjh gSaA


dk mRiknu c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA vc le; vk x;k gS fdefgyk l'kDrhdj.k dh fn'kk esa dfBu ifjJe dks dedjus ds fy, Ñf"k esa uohurk yk;h tk; vkSj efgykvksa dkscktkj ls tksM+us dk iz;kl gksA ifjokj ds Hkhrj Hkkstu dhxq.koÙkk esa efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk c<+kus dh t:jr gSA

Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn~ ds rÙoko/kku esaMk;jsDVjsV vkWQ fjlpZ vkWu owesu ,xzhdYpj dh LFkkiukdjds Hkkjr us laLFkkxr vuqla/kku ds {ks= esa c<+r gkflydh gSA o"kZ 2010 esa Hkkjr ljdkj us efgyk fdlkul'kDrhdj.k dh fn'kk esa ßefgyk fdlku l'kDrhdj.kifj;kstukÞ dh ?kks"k.kk dh FkhA bl ;kstuk dh ?kks"k.kkmRiknu lzksrksa ;k mlls tqM+s vU; elyksa ij efgyk fdlkuksads vf/kdkjksa ij dsfUær FkhA blds vykok vU; dbZ iz;klHkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn~ }kjk fd;s tk jgs gSaA efgykfdlkuksa ds vkfFkZd l'kDrhdj.k ds fy, VekVj dh xq.koÙkklq/kkjus ds fy, Vsªfuax ekWM~;wy] ÝwV fiztjos'ku] oehZdEiksLV]ck;ksQfVZykbtj dk mRiknu] e'k:e dh [ksrh] Ms;jheSustesaV tSls {ks=ksa esa iz;kl fd;s tk jgs gSa] ogha Ñf"k esa,slh rduhd ds bLrseky dks c<+kok nsus dk iz;kl fd;ktk jgk gS ftlls efgykvksa dks T+;knk vklkuh gksA

Ñf"k {ks= esa efgykvksa dh mRikndrk c<+kus dsfy, txg&txg Vsªfuax dSEi Hkh pyk;s tk jgs gSaAfuth&lkoZtfud lgHkkfxrk ds ek/;e ls bl rjg dhrduhd dks vkSj c<+kus dh vko';drk bl uoxfBr ljdkjdh gS tks efgyk vkSj iq#"k nksuksa ds fy, gh Ñf"k QkeZ esaennxkj lkfcr gks ldsA bl ckr dh Hkh vko';drk gS fdmu lkekftd vk;keksa dh rjQ Hkh /;ku fn;k tk, ftllsefgykvksa dh bl izfØ;k esa Hkkxhnkjh dks vkSj c<+k;k tkldsA bl ckr dh fo'ks"k vko';drk gS fd efgykvksa dsikl /ku vkSj cSafdax ds vf/kdkj gksa] blh lUnHkZ esa eueksguflag ljdkj us Hkkjrh; efgyk cSad cukdj ,d ljkguh;dk;Z fd;k Fkk ftlls efgykvksa dks mudh vko';drkuqlkj_.k de C;kt ij feysxkA

bl uoxfBr ljdkj us iz/kkuea=h tu /ku ;kstuk¼ih,etsMhokbZ½ ds rgr feyus okyh lqfo/kkvksa ds fn'kkfunsZ'k

r; dj fn;s gSa ftlesa izR;sd [kkrk/kkjd efgyk ds fy;sr; rhl gtkj #i;s] thou chek vkSj lkFk esa nq?kZVuk cheknsus dk izko/kku dsoy mu t:jreUn efgykvksa dks ghfeysxk] ftu efgykvksa dks ljdkj dh vksj ls bl rjg dhdksbZ Hkh lqfo/kk miyC/k ugha gS mUgha dks bl ;kstuk dsvUrxZr thou chek dk ykHk feysxkA

iz/kkuea=h tu /ku ;kstuk ds vUrxZr vktdyns'k dh yxHkx leLr ljdkjh cSadksa esa [kkrs [kksys tk jgsgSaA fn'kk funsZ'kksa ds vuqlkj bldk ykHk dsoy mUgha efgykcSad [kkrk /kkjdksa dks feysxk ftudk [kkrk 15 vxLr]2014 ls 26 tuojh] 2015 ds e/; [kqysxkA ;g ykHkifjokj dh dsoy eqf[k;k efgykvksa dks ;k lnL; efgykvksadks izkIr gks ldsxkA ;g lqfo/kk ifjokj ds dsoy ,d ghlnL; dks feysxhA thou chek dk ykHk flQZ izkjEHk dsikap o"kks± rd gh feysxkA

iz/kkuea=h tu /ku ;kstuk ds vUrxZr izR;sdifjokj dks [kkrs [kksyus gSaA ns'k ds leLr ifjokjksa dk dels de ,d ekSfyd [kkrk ¼csfld ,dkmUV½] gksuk pkfg,]ftls vk/kkjdkMZ ls tksM+k tk jgk gS] bl [kkrs esa Ng eghusrd lUrks"ktud ysu&nsu gksus ij gh ß#is MsfcV dkMZÞtkjh fd;k tk jgk gS] ftlesa [kkrk /kkjd efgykvksa dsfy, ikap gtkj #i;s rd vksoj Mªk¶V lqfo/kk ,oa ,dyk[k #i;s rd nq?kZVuk chek 'kkfey gksxkA ;g dne Hkhefgyk vkfFkZd l'kDrhdj.k ds n`f"Vdks.k ls iz/kkuea=h}kjk ,d vPNh igy gS tks efgyk l'kDrhdj.k dh fn'kkesa ljkguh; dk;Z gS tks Hkfo"; esa iszj.kknk;d fl) gksxkA

bl lcds fy, ,d cgqvk;keh n`f"Vdks.k dksviuk, tkus dh vko';drk gSA blls uhfr;ksa esa laLFkkxrcnyko vkSj efgyk fdlkuksa dk l'kfDrdj.k fd;k tkldsxkA orZeku le; esa t:jr bl ckr dh gS fdefgykvksa dks cktkj] laLFkku vkSj fMyhojh flLVe esaleku ekSds miyC/k djk, tk,a] tSlk fd ia- usg: us dgkFkk fd yksxksa ds txkus ds jkLrs esa ;g t:jh gS fd ns'k dhefgyk,a Hkh tkx`r gksaA ,d ckj vxj os tkx`r gks tk,axhrks ifjokj Hkh vkxs c<+sxk] xk¡o Hkh vkSj ns'k HkhA


lkfgR; esa lekt dh [kkst dk ç'u lekt'kkL=dk vax gSA blesa /keZ] tkfr] lkekftd /kkfeZd laLFkku]lkekftd leqnk; vkSj lkekftd HkkSxksfyd ifjos'k dkv/;;u vkSj fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA lkfgR; ds lekt'kkL=esa dsoy —fr dh O;k[;k gh ugha dh tkrh cfYd lkekftdvfLerk dh igpku ;k fQj lkekftd ewY;ksa dh [kkst Hkhgksrh gSA blfy, lkfgR; dk lekt'kkL= ,d O;kidlkekftd çfØ;k gh ugha cfYd lkfgR; ds Lo:i dhigpku Hkh djkrk gSA

vxj lEiw.kZ fgUnh lkfgR; ij ,d fogaxe –f"VMkydj ns[ksa] lkfgR; esa lekt dk D;k :i mHkjrk gS vkSjvFkZoÙkk ds Lrj ij mlds D;k ekbus gSa \ ;g ,d fopkj.kh;ç'u gSA vkfndkyhu lkfgR; esa lekt dh tks fLFkfr Fkhogh fLFkfr Hkfädkyhu ;k jhfrdkyhu lkfgR; esa ughagksxh D;ksafd tc ifjfLFkfr;k¡ cnyrh gSa rc ns'kdky vkSjokrkoj.k esa ifjorZu vkuk LokHkkfod gSA

Hkfädkyhu lkfgR; dh vxj ckr djsa rks dchjtgk¡ lekt esa O;kIr :f<+;ksa] dqjhfr;ksa vkSj vkMEcjksa ijdqBkjk?kkr djrs gSaA fgUnw eqfLye nksuksa oxZ ds yksxksa dksblls eqä gksus dh ckr djrs gSaA tk;lh eqfLye gksdj HkhfgUnw ?kjkus dh dFkk dgrs gSaA lwjnkl —".kdkO; ds ek/;els lEiw.kZ czt çns'k dh laL—fr dk fp= mdsjrs gSa rksrqylhnkl vius dkO; esa yksdeaxy xzkgLFk vkSj leUo;dh Hkkouk dh LFkkiuk djrs gSaA og ^jkepfjrekul* dsek/;e ls O;kid Lrj ij vius le; ds lekt dk o.kZudjrs gSaA ehjkckbZ jktdqy dh o/kw gksus ds ckotwn viuhdfork ds }kjk jktLFkku ds lkearoknh lekt dks pqukSrhnsrh gS vkSj jktHkou dks R;kxdj lk/kq&laU;kfl;ksa dkthou;kiu djrh gSA tkfgj gS fd ehjk dk ml le; ;g,d Økafrdkjh dne FkkA ftldh ckuxh is'k dj ehjk uslEiw.kZ L=h tkfr ij gks jgs 'kks"k.k dk fojks/k fd;kA

lkekU;r% ;g ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd lkfgfR;djpukvksa esa lekt dh vfHkO;fä fdl çdkj gqbZ gS \çR;sd jpukdkj dh viuh ,d [kkl –f"V gksrh gSA mldkfparu] euu djus dk viuk utfj;k gksrk gSA blfy, ,dgh le; esa jpuk djrs le; nks vyx&vyx ys[kdksa dh

lkfgR; esa lekt dh [kkst dk vFkZ/khjsUæ dqekj*

jpukvksa esa lekt dh vfHkO;fä ,d tSlh ugha gksrhD;ksafd og fHkUu&fHkUu fo"k;ksa ij ys[kuh pykrs gSaA ,djpukdkj fdlh {ks= fo'ks"k dk NksVk&lk VqdM+k mBkdjlkfgR; jprk gS rks nwljk jpukdkj fdlh vU; vapyfo'ks"k dks vk/kkj cukdj vius le; ds O;kid lp dkslkeus ykrk gSA xksnku* esa lekt dks [kkstus dk vFkZ gS fdml le; fdl çdkj vkSifuosf'kd nklrk esa Hkkjr dklkekftd ifjos'k VwV jgk Fkk \ tehankj vkSj lkgwdkjksa dschp 'kks"k.k dh Hkêh esa fdl çdkj vke&vkneh fil jgkFkk \ gksjh tSlk esgurd'k fdlku vkSj etnwj gkM+rksM+esgur ds ckotwn Hkh nks twu dh jksVh ds fy, HkVd jgkFkk \ bl lc dk dkj.k ml le; dh vkSifuosf'kd vkSjlkekftd O;oLFkk FkhA blh çdkj eSyk vk¡py* esa lkekftd]/kkfeZd laLFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls lekt dks [kkst ldrs gSaA^xksnku* esa >qfu;ka dh tks fLFkfr gS] mlh rjg eSyk vk¡py*esa y{eh nkflu dh gS] ,d czkã.k dh okluk dh f'kdkj gSrks nwljh eB ds eBk/kh'k dhA bu nksuksa gh miU;klksa esa geL=h ds 'kks"k.k ds lekt'kkL= dks le> ldrs gSaA /keZ dhvkM+ esa fdl çdkj L=h dk 'kks"k.k gksrk gS] eBksa ds eBk/kh'kksa ij ç'u [kM+k gksrk gSA

mUuhloha lnh ds vafre pj.k esa lkfgR; ds fy,;g dgk tkus yxk fd lkfgR; lekt dk niZ.k gS* ;kuhlekt esa tks ?kV jgk gS ogh lkfgR; esa çdV gksrk gSAf}osnh ;qx esa ;g n'kZuoknh –f"Vdks.k [kwc çpfyr gqvkftldh ckn esa vkykspuk Hkh gqbZA tkfgj gS fd jpuk esalekt lh/ks rkSj ij ugha vkrkA mlesa ys[kd dh vuqHkwfr]dYiuk] vk'kk&vkdka{kk vkfn dk lekos'k gksrk gSA blfy,,d gh [kkl le; esa jpuk djus okys lkfgR;dkjksa esalekt dk vyx&vyx :i mHkjrk gS D;ksafd çR;sdys[kd fdlh u fdlh fopkj/kkjk ls çHkkfor gksdj jpukdjrk gSA dqN vkykspdksa dk ;gk¡ rd ekuuk gS fd lektjpuk fd varoZLrq esa gh ugha cfYd jpuk ds gj Lrj vFkkZrvaroZLrq] lajpuk] f'kYi vkSj Hkk"kk esa Hkh lekt dh vfHkO;fägksrh gSA

njvly lkfgR; esa lekt dks [kkstus dk ,dutfj;k gekjs ikl gS og gS vkfne lekt ftlesa ekuo

*ys[kd Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dsaæ ts,u;w esa 'kks/kkFkhZ gSaA


f'kdkj djrk Fkk] çkphu lekt ftlesa —f"k djrk Fkk]e/;dkyhu lkearh lekt] vk/kqfud iwathoknh lektA blçdkj;g ,sfrgkfld rkSj ij lekt dks le>us dk ,d foHkktu gSAxkSjryc gS fd lkfgR; esa lekt dh tks mifLFkfr gS mlesaijEijkxr ¼xzkeh.k½ lekt] L=h] nfyr rFkk vkfnoklh lektvkSj rhljk 'kgjh lekt ftlesa ge d‚y lsaVj esa dke djusokys vk/kqfud etnwjksa dks Hkh lekfgr dj ldrs gSaA bl çdkjxzkeh.k ls ysdj 'kgjh lekt dh iwjh çfØ;k dks ge lkfgR;esa cnyrs ns[k ldrs gSaA vr% ge dg ldrs gSa fd lkfgR; esage lekt dh /kM+du dks lqu ldrs gSa vkSj fdlh dky[kaMesa le; vkSj lekt ds cnyrs Lo:i dks ml le; ds lkfgR;ls ij[k ldrs gSaA

lkfgR; ds lekt'kk= esa lkekftd laLFkkvksa@laxBuksa ds ek/;e ls lekt dk v/;;u fd;k tkrk gSAxksnku esa xkscj 'kgj esa tkdj etnwjksa ds lkFk feydj fey,oa dkj[kkuksa esa gM+rky djrk gS] etnwjksa ds laxBu dklnL; curk gS] yky jax dh pknj lkFk j[krk gSA 'kgj esatkdj xkscj esa ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks le>us o lkeuk djus dhpsruk dk fodkl gksrk gSA bl rjg lkfgR; esa lekt dhiM+rky dk ;gh vFkZ gS fd ml le; dk lekt dSlk Fkk]lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;k¡ fdl çdkj lkfgR; esa çfrfcfEcr gksjgha FkhaA O;fä thou;kiu fdl çdkj dj jgk Fkk ;g lcgesa lkfgR; dh lkekftd gypyksa ls gh irk pyrk gSA

vxj LojkT; vaxzsT+kh cksyus okys Hkkjrh;ksa dk vkSj mUgha ds fy, gksus okyk gks rks fu%lUnsg vaxszT+kh ghjk"VªHkk"kk gksxh] ysfdu vxj LojkT; djksM+ksa Hkw[kksa ejus okyksa dk] djksM+ksa fuj{kjksa dk] fuj{kj cguksa dk vkSjnfyrksa vkSj vaxszT+kksa dk gks vkSj bu lcds fy, gks rks fgUnh gh ,dek= jk"VªHkk"kk gks ldrh gSA

&egkRek xk¡/kh


gky gh esa Hkkjr ljdkj us laLÑr dks c<+kok nsusds fy, fo|ky;ksa esa laLÑr lIrkg eukus dk funsZ'k fn;kgSA Ldwyksa esa laLÑr 'yksd] vUrk{kjh] y?kq Hkk";e vkSjvkfn'kadjkpk;Z] eqækjk{kl tSlh laLÑr dh y?kq fQYesafn[kkuk] ;s lc fn'kk funsZ'k dsUæh; ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ}kjk fo|ky;ksa dks Hksts x;s 'kklukns'k esa fufgr gSA gkygh esa ;g laLÑr lIrkg 7 ls 13 vxLr ds chp euk;kx;kA rduhdh Nk=ksa dks lq>ko fn;k tk jgk gS fd osviuh rduhd ls tqM+h tkudkjh dk mi;ksx dj laLÑresa daI;wVj ,sIl o xsEl Hkh cuk,aA bu lHkh iz;klksa ls gekjsuo ;qokvksa dks gekjh laLÑfr o gekjh izkphu Hkk"kk ds ckjsesa iz;ksxkRed rkSj ij ljyre tkudkjh izkIr gks ldsxhA

gtkjksa lkyksa rd tuekul ls ysdj lkfgR; dhHkk"kk jgh laLÑr Hkk"kk orZeku ifjfLFkfr;ksa o ljdkjhmis{kk ds dkj.k djhc&djhc foyqIr gksus dh dxkj ij gSAbldk ,d dkj.k bls nsoRo dk eqdqV iguk dj iwtk?kjesa LFkkfir fd;k tkuk Hkh gSA Hkk"kk dks u rks vius 'kCnksadh fuxjkuh ,d pkSdhnkj dh rjg djuk Hkk"kk gS vkSj ugh fdlh dkWihjkbV esa fo'okl j[krh gS ;s rks lekt vkSjtuekul esa clrh gSA

oSfnd laLÑr fcuk fdlh vojks/k ds ,d vfojyizokg ls cgrh gqbZ vius Hkkjrh; lekt ds gtkjksa o"kks± dsfØ;kdykiksa dks ifjHkkf"kr djrh jgh gS vkSj vkt HkhifjHkkf"kr djus dh {kerk j[krh gSA ;g izokg ns'kdky oifjfLFkfr;ksa dh lhekvksa ls Hkh vkxs tkus dks rRij gSA vkSj;g ftl txg ls Hkh xqtjh gS] ml LFkku dk ukedj.k Hkhmlh rjg ls djrh vk;h gSA laLÑr lalkj dh izkphureHkk"kkvksa esa ls ,d gSA tc ;g ntyk vkSj Qjkr dh Hkwfels xqtjh rks ml LFkku dk ukedj.k Hkxoku iznÙk dgMkyk] laLÑr dk Hkx 'kCn Qkjlh xzUFk vosLrk esa ox+ gksx;k vkSj nÙk gks x;k nkn vkSj dkykarj esa cx+nkn cux;kA blh izdkj laLÑr dk v'od izkÑr esa vkoxu esacnydj Qkjlh esa vQ+xku gks x;k vkSj lkFk esa LFkku dkizR;; Lrku esa cnydj uohu 'kCn vQ+xkfuLrku ds :iesa izpyu esa vk;k tks Hkkjr dk iM+kslh ns'k gSA vQ+xkfuLrkudk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS fuiq.k ?kqM+lokjksa dh fuokl LFkyhA

laLÑr % Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dh vkRek o fo'o dh lkjxfHkZr Hkk"kk

uhjt dqekj JhokLro ,oa cyoUrflag*

LFkku gh ugha laLÑr fdlh Hkh iwtk?kj esa tkus ls Hkh ughadrjkrh D;ksafd blds vuqlkj bZ'oj dk ,d uke v{kj* HkhgS ftldk vFkZ gS ftldk {kj.k u gks ldsA

bLyke dh iwtk i)fr dk uke dqjku esa lykr gS]ysfdu vketu bls uekt ds uke ls tkurs gSa] uekt 'kCndh mRifÙk laLÑr ds /kkrq uel~ ls gqbZ gS ftldk izFkemi;ksx fn;k gS _Xosn esa gqkv gS] ftldk vFkZ gS vknj oHkfDr esa >qd tkukA xhrk ds X;kjgosa v/;k; dk 'yksdßueks ueLrs·Lrq lg=ÑRo% iqu'p ueks ueLrsÞ ;gk¡ ls uel'kCn dh ;k=k Hkkjr ls gksrh gqbZ bZjku igq¡ph] tgk¡ izkphuQkjlh vosLrk mls uekt+ iqdkjus yxs vkSj varr% ;g rqdhZ]vtjcStku] rqdZesfuLrku] vQ+xkfuLrku] ikfdLrku]mTcsfdLrku] rtkfdLrku] Hkkjr] ckaXykns'k oekZ b.Mksusf'k;kvksj eysf'k;k esa yksdfiz; gqbZA laLÑr dsoy if'pe dhrjQ gh izokfgr ugha gqbZ] cfYd ;g iwoZ esa viuh /kkjk dkizokg cukrs gq, phuh Hkk"kk dks ekSu* 'kCn nsdj muds ân;dks ^Nw* x;hA ¼phuh Hkk"kk esa /;kueXu 'kkafr dks ekSu vkSjLi'kZ dks Nw dgdj cksyk tkrk gSA½

laLÑr us dHkh viuk foLrkj Jhyadk vkSj dEcksfM;krd Hkh fd;k Fkk] dEcksfM;k esa vc Hkh laLÑr eafnjksa]Lekjdksa vkSj f'kykys[kksa ij 'kksfHkr gSA

Hkkjr esa laLÑr ds fo}ku tuksa us bl Hkk"kk dksvketu rd igq¡pkus ds fy, lw= okD; & ßlaLÑr% vfrljyk ufg dfBukÞ fn;k gSA iwoZ o if'pe ds dbZ ns'kksa esalaLÑr ds izfr #fp iSnk gqbZ gS] vkSj fons'kh yksx Hkh laLÑrlh[kus Hkkjr vk jgs gSaA

laLÑr ds oSKkfud igyw dk eqjhn vesjhdk dkuklk laLFkku Hkh gqvk gS] uk'kk ds oSKkfud fjDl fczXl us1985 esa Hkkjr ls laLÑr ds yxHkx 1000 izdk.M fo}kuksadks uklk esa 'kks/k dk;Z ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;k Fkk] rkfdlaLÑr dks dEI;wVj dh Hkk"kk ds :i esa iz;ksx fd;k tklds] bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd laLÑr esa dbZ ,slh fo'ks"krk,¡gSa] tks bls daI;wVj dh Hkk"kk cukus esa vU; Hkk"kkvksa ds brjf'k[kj ij [kM+h djrh gS] tks fuEuor gS &

1- laLÑr ,d ,slh izkÑfrd Hkk"kk gS] ftlesa lw= ds

fparu

*ys[kd&}; thou foKku laLFkku esa dk;Zjr gSaA


:i esa daI;wVj ds ek/;e ls dksbZ Hkh lUns'k dels de 'kCnksa esa Hkstk tk ldrk gSA

2- laLÑr dk O;kdj.k eQksZyksth ,oa flaVsDl nksuksagh vk/kkjksa ls vYxksfjnfed gSA ikf.kfu dhv"Vk/;kbZ] tks fd laLÑr ds O;kdj.k dk vrqyuh;xzUFk gS] mlesa of.kZr lw=ksa dks cgqr gh vklkuh lsdaI;wVj dh Hkk"kk esa ifjofrZr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

3- ;g cgqr gh lqlaxfBr o Øec) Hkk"kk gS] ftlds}kjk cgqvk;keh 'kCnksa dks C;qRiUu dj mudkljyrk iwoZd iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA

4- ;g Hkk"kk fdlh Hkh okD; esa 'kCnksa dh fLFkfr lsLora= gksrh gS] vFkkZr~ okD; dk vk'k; 'kCnksa dh

fLFkfr ds ifjofrZr gksus ij Hkh ugha cnyrk gSA

oSKkfudksa dk ekuuk gS fd laLÑr i<+us ls xf.kro foKku f'k{k.k vklku gks tkrk gSA blds i<+us ls eu esa,dkxzrk vkrh gS vkSj o.kZekyk ds mPpkj.k ek= ls gh xysdk Loj Li"V gks tkrk gSA dYiuk'kfDr ds lkFk&lkFkLej.k 'kfDr esa Hkh o`f) gksrh gSA

Hkkjr ds ikl laLÑr ds :i esa Kku dk ,d cgqrcM+k [ktkuk gS] bls gesa lajf{kr djuk gksxk D;ksfd ;gHkkjrh; laLÑfr dh vkRek vkSj fo'o dh vewY; /kjksgj gSA;g vius izokg ls fo'o dh ,d lkjxfHkZr Hkk"kk cuus dkvf/kdkj j[krh gS vksj lgh vFkks± esa ;g ,d fnu fo'o dhlHkh Hkk"kkvksa esa 'kh"kZ eqdqV cudj lq'kksfHkr gksxhA

eq>s [ksn rks ;g gS fd izkUrksa dh ekr`Hkk"kk fganh gS ogka Hkh ml Hkk"kk dh mUufr djus dk mRlkg fn[kkbZ ughansrk gSA esjk uez ysfdu n`<+ vfHkizk; gS fd tc rd fganh Hkk"kk dks jk"Vªh; vkSj viuh&viuh Hkk"kkvksa dksmuds ;ksX; LFkku ugha nsrs rc rd LojkT; dh lc ckrsa fujFkZd gSaA

&egkRek xk¡/kh

fgUnh dh gksM+ fdlh izkarh; Hkk"kk ls ugha] dsoy vaxzsT+kh ds lkFk gSA&MkW- jktsUnz izlkn


vulqy>k ç'u \vkse izdk'k lSu*

eSa ,d /kkfeZd O;fDr gw¡] ijarq /kkfeZd gksus dk vFkZeSa vkt rd ugha le> ik;kA dksbZ dgrk gS iwtkikB]uekt] izkFkZuk] vjnkl djus okyk O;fDr /kkfeZd gksrk gSAdksbZ dgrk gS eafnj] efLtn] xq#}kjk] ppZ vkfn /kkfeZdLFkyksa ij tkus okyk O;fDr /kkfeZd gksrk gSA dksbZ dgrkgS fd Hkw[ks jgdj bZ'oj dks ;kn djus okyk O;fDr /kkfeZdgksrk gSA dksbZ dgrk gS rhFkZLFkyksa ij tkus ls gh O;fDr/kkfeZd dgykrk gSSA dksbZ dgrk gS /keZxq#vksa ds izopulquus okyk O;fDr /kkfeZd gksrk gSA dgha eSaus i<+k Fkk /keZdk vFkZ gksrk gS */kkj.k djus ;ksX; vkpj.k* vFkkZr lghvkSj xyr dh igpku ftls gks og /kkfeZd gksrk gSA gj/keZ esa /kkfeZd gksus ds dqN fu;e&dk;ns gSaA

,d izfl) dgkuh gS fd fdlh xk¡o esa pkj va/ksjgrs FksA ,d ckj muds xk¡o esa ,d gkFkh vk;kA mllsigys mUgksaus dHkh gkFkh tSls fdlh tkuoj ds ckjs esa ughalquk Fkk blfy, mUgsa mRlqdrk gqbZ fd gkFkh dSlk gksrk gSApwafd os ns[k ugha ldrs Fks blfy, mUgksaus gkFkh dks Li'kZdjds eglwl djus dh dksf'k'k dh fd okLrfodrk esa gkFkhdSlk gksrk gSA us=ghu gksus ds dkj.k os ml fo'kky;dk;tkuoj ds Lo:i dks iw.kZ :i ls xzg.k ugha dj lds cl,d&,d vax ds lkFk gh fpids jgsA ckn esa ,d lkFk,d= gq, vkSj vius vuqHkoksa dh ppkZ djus yxsA ,d usdgk] **eq>s igyh ckj irk pyk fd gkFkh ,d cM+s [kaHks dhrjg gksrk gS** D;ksafd mlus gkFkh dk dsoy iSj Nwdj ns[kkFkkA nwljk cksyk] **vjs rqe xyr dg jgs gks gkFkh rks ,dcM+s <ksy dh rjg gksrk gS** D;ksafd mldks rks gkFkh ds isVdk gh Kku FkkA rhljk dgus yxk] *vjs rqe dgk¡ lks jgsFks gkFkh rks ,d cM+s lwi dh rjg gksrk gS* D;ksafd muegk'k; us gkFkh ds dku dks gh Nqvk FkkA pkSFkk dgus yxk]*vjs rqe lc va/ks gks gkFkh rks ,d ypdnkj >kMw dh rjggksrk gS* D;ksafd os tukc rks gkFkh dh i¡wN idM+dj ghyVds gq, FksA blh izdkj /keZ Hkh ,d ,sls gh gkFkh dh rjggS ftldks ftruk le> vk;k mls gh os /keZ ekudj pyrsgSaA ckdh lcdh ckrsa mUgsa xyr yxrh gSA eSa Hkh 'kk;nmUgha va/kksa esa ls ,d gw¡ D;ksafd eq>s Hkh vkt rd /keZ vkSj/kkfeZd gksus dk vFkZ gh le> esa ugha vk;kA

oSls ;s lc fopkj eq>s rc vk, tc eSa ,d fnu/kkfeZd gksus ds ,d fu;e ds vuqlkj eafnj x;kA oSls eSaeafnj vDlj tkrk jgrk gw¡ ijarq ml fnu ,d vthc lh?kVuk ?kVh ftlus esjs eu esa vusd loky [kM+s dj fn,AeSaus eafnj esa ns[kk fd ,d Hkyh lh fn[kus okyh ,d 45&50ds chp dh vk;q dh ,d vkSjr Hkh iwtk dj jgh FkhA ogiwtk esa dqN T;knk gh yhu yx jgh FkhA ckj&ckj ewfrZ;ksadks Nw&Nwdj iz.kke dj jgh Fkh] ckj&ckj flj >qdkdjHkfDr dj jgh FkhA eafnj esa cgqr lh ewfrZ;k¡ Fkh] gj ewfrZ dslkeus tkdj og cgqr gh HkfDr&Hkko ls iwtk dj jgh FkhAvpkud esjk /;ku x;k rks eSa pkSad x;k fd og ewfrZ ds iklj[ks p<+kos ds iSlksa dks mBk&mBkdj vius diMs ls cus >kssysesa j[k jgh gSA lcls T;knk gSjkuh eq>s rc gqbZ tc mlus,d ewfrZ ds ikl j[ks yM~Mw xksiky ds ,d NksVs ls ikyusdks /khjs ls vius >ksys esa j[k fy;kA eSa yxkrkj mldh bugjdrksa dks cM+s xkSj ls ns[k jgk Fkk vkSj lksp jgk Fkk fdvc eq>s D;k djuk pkfg,A ;s lc ns[krs&ns[krs yxHkx 10feuV gks x, FksA esjs fnekx esa mu dqN feuVksa esa vusdfopkj vk,A

lcls igys rks eSaus lkspk fd iqtkjh dks ml vkSjrdh gjdr ds ckjs esa crkÅ¡ ijarq eq>s vpkud mlh eafnj dh,d ?kVuk ;kn vk xbZA ,d u'ksMh O;fDr blh rjg eafnjls iSls mBk jgk Fkk vkSj fdlh us mls ns[k fy;k rksrFkkdfFkr /keZ ds j{kdksa us /keZ dh j{kk djus ds fy, mlO;fDr dks eafnj izkax.k esa ekj&ekjdj ygwyqgku dj fn;kAogk¡ ekStwn rFkkdfFkr HkDrksa us Hkh /keZ dh j{kk esa viuhHkkxhnkjh fuHkkrs gq, vius gkFk lkQ dj fy,A /keZ dsj{kdksa dk og fofp= :i ns[kdj eSaus le>k dh ,d xyrdk;Z dks jksdus ds fy, nwljs xyr dk;Z dk dkj.k D;w¡ cuw¡A;g lkspdj eSaus fopkj Vky fn;kA

,y,ych dk Nk= gksus ds ukrs esjs eu esa fopkjvk;k fd eSa viuh vk¡[kksa ls vijk/k gksrs ugha ns[k ldrkAysfdu fQj lkspk fd D;k Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ds izko/kkuksads vuqlkj ;g vijk/k gS Hkh ;k ughaA eq>s /kkjk 378 dk /;ku vk;k ftlds vuqlkj ;fn dksbZ O;fDr fdlh O;fDr dsdCts esa ls] ml O;fDr dh lEefr ds fcuk] dksbZ taxe

*ys[kd thou foKku laLFkku ¼,l,y,l½ esa ofj"B lgk;d gSaA


laifRr csbZekuh ls ys ysus dk vk'k; j[krs gq, og laifRrysus ds fy, gVkrk gS rks og pksjh djrk gS] ,slk dgk tkrkgSA ijarq bl ekeys esa u rks laifr ds ekfyd dk irk pyjgk Fkk vkSj u gh ml dh lEefr ;k vlEefr dh ckr ghle> vk jgh Fkh D;ksafd HkDrx.k p<+kok Hkxoku dks vfiZrdjrs gSa rks bl fglkc ls rks ekfyd Hkxoku gqvk vkSjHkxoku dh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus ls gh ml laifr dks gVk;k tkjgk Fkk rks vlEefr dk rks loky gh iSnk ugha gksrkA ijarqp<+kos dh laifÙk rks iqtkjh vius ?kj ys tkrk gSA vc ;girk ugha fd iqtkjh Hkxoku ls ml lkeku dks gVkus dhlEefr ysrk gS ;k ugha\

fQj eSaus lkspk fd eq>s bl vkSjr dks vdsys esale>kuk pkfg, fd og xyr dj jgh gSA ,sls eafnj lslkeku mBkuk Bhd ugha gksrkA fQj fnekx esa fopkj vk;kfd og eq>ls mez esa dgha T;knk gS vkSj ,slk dguk eqf'dy

gS fd mls ;g irk u gks fd og xyr dj jgh gSA fQj yxkdgha vius dks Q¡lrk ns[k og eq> ij gh dksbZ >wBk vkjksiu yxk nsA eSaus rqjar bl fopkj ls rkSck dj yhA

var esa lkspk fd eq>s dqN ugha djuk pkfg, vkSjogh fd;kA ,slk dgk tkrk gS fd ;g lalkj bZ'oj dh ethZls pyrk gS ge lc mlds gkFk dh dBiqryh gSaA og tSlkpkgs gels oSlk djokrk gS] gekjs gkFk esa dqN Hkh ugha gSArks bl fglkc ls tks og vkSjr dj jgh Fkh og Hkh bZ'ojdh gh ethZ Fkh vkSj tks eSaus fd;k og Hkh bZ'oj dh gh ethZFkhA bl fglkc ls vPNk&cqjk dqN Hkh ugha gS D;ksafd tclc bZ'oj dh ethZ ls gksrk gS rks ge vPNk ;k cqjk djusokys dkSu gksrs gSa\ ijarq le> esa vkt rd ugha vk;k fd/keZ D;k gS \ dgha og vkSjr ml iSls ls vius cPpksa dk isVHkjdj vius ekr`/keZ dk ikyu gh rks ugha dj jgh Fkh \

uksV % ;s esjs futh fopkj vkSj vuqHko gSa vkSj esjk mn~ns'; fdlh dh /kkfeZd Hkkouk dks Bsl igq¡pkuk ugha gSA


lsQks ¼615&550 bZ-iw-½ ;wuku ds yslcksl }hiesa tUeA ;qok fL=;ksa dh izfl) vdkneh dh ,dizfrc) f'kf{kdk ,oa dof;=h ds :i esa fo[;krAizfl) nk'kZfud IysVks mUgsa n'ke okXnsoh^ ¼VsaFk E;wt+½dgdj iqdkjrs gSaA muds uke ls ^lsfQd Nan^ dkgksuk mudh yksdfiz;rk crkrk gSA

dfork ,d %i`FohbUnz/kuq"k&o.khZ ekykvksa lsdh xbZ gS d<+kbZ;g i`FohA

dfork nks %pUnzek:ilh pUnzek ds pkjksa vksj u{k=Nqik ysrs gSa viuh pedtc iwf.kZek esa og nedrh gSi`Foh ijjtrekuA

dfork rhu %pUnzek vkSj vkSjrsapUnzek mifLFkr gqvk lEiw.kZrk esaosfndk ds pgq¡ vksj tc xzg.k fd;kvkSjrksa us viuk vkluA

lsQks izkphu dky dh jpukdkjksa esa fof'k"V gSa vkSjxhfr dof;=h ds :i esa rks lEHkor% egkureA budhvf/kdka'k dfork,¡ izse ds [kV~Vs ehBs vuqHko dhvfHkjpuk,¡ gSa tks gksej dh rjg egkdkO;kRed vk[;kujpus ;k bZ'oj dks lacksf/kr djus dh vkdka{kk ls fgrgSa & ;g ,d O;fDr dk fdlh nwljs O;fDr ls furkUrvkUrfjd okrkZyki dks dfork ds f'kYi esa <ky nsukgSA izÑfr dk vocks/k Hkh ;gk¡ furkUr O;fDrxr gSA

lsQks dh ik¡p dfork,¡MkW- je.k flUgk*

dfork pkj %Øhr dh urZfd;k¡Øhr* dh ;qofr;ksa us fd;k u`R;

vfr lquE;,d lqlfTtr osfndk ds pkjksa vksj

gkSys ik¡odqpyrs ?kkl ds dksey QwyA

* ;wuku dk ,d }hi

dfork ik¡p %[kqnk dh rjg[kqnk dh rjg gS esjh fuxkg esa ogtks cSBrk gS ogk¡ tgk¡ ls fugkj ldsvkidh fuxkg] tks lqurk gS vkidsdjhc] lquus og ueZ vkokt] bldh feBklI;kj dh ljxksf'k;k¡ vkSj

g¡lh] lc mlds fy,A ysfdu ;g rksM+ Mkyrk gSesjs Hkko( esjs lhus ds vUrjre esa fgy x;k gSiwjk dk iwjk fnyA flQZ ns[k ysus nks eq>s dgk¡ gks rqe]ej tkrh gS vkokt] dqN Hkh eSa dg ugha ikrhA

ij esjs gksaB pqfIi;ksa ls vkgr gSa] esjhRopk ds vUrjre esa ,d fojy&lh yiVmeM+ iM+rh gS] dqN Hkh ugha fn[krk esjh vk¡[kds lkeus] esjh Jqfr;k¡ lqUu gSa es?k xtZu ls

vkSj ilhuk eq>s rj&c&rj fd;s tk jgk gS] cq[kkjesjs ftLe dks d¡ik jgk gS] csjax gks xbZ gw¡]eglwl djrh gw¡ fd ekSr esjs djhc vk xbZ gSA

¼fjpMZ ykfreksj ds vaxzsth vuqokn ij vk/kkfjr½

vuqokn

*vuqokn ,oa izLrqfr % MkW- je.k flUgk] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dsUnz] ts,u;w


vuqokn izkjaHk ls gh lekt esa fdlh u fdlh :i esamifLFkr jgk gSA vkt vuqokn ,d u;s vuq'kklu ds :iesa LFkkfir gks pqdk gS vkSj fofHkUu fo'ofo|ky;ksa esaiBu&ikBu] 'kks/k ,oa foe'kZ dks izkIr dj jgk gSA blvuq'kklu esa 'kks/k vkSj foe'kks± dks Hkh ,d ubZ fn'kk feyjgh gS ftlds lanHkZ esa dqN rF;kRed fcanq fuEu gSa %

izkjEHk esa vuqokn dks nks;e ntsZ dk dk;Z ekuktkrk FkkA ijUrq fo'o Hkj esa QSys gkf'k, ds foe'kks±dh lg ikdj vuqokn Hkh vius vfLrRo dks [kM+kdjus esa lQy gqvk gSA vkSj ;g Hkh L=h] nfyrvkfnoklh] vkfn foe'kks± ls 'kfDr ysdj [kqn dkseq[; /kkjk esa vFkkZr ewy ys[ku ds led{k [kM+k gksx;k gSAizkjaHk esa vuqokn djus ;k djkus ds ihNs jktuhfrd]/kkfeZd iszj.kk vf/kd gksrh Fkh] LoSfPNd deAijUrq orZeku esa vuqokn dh jktuhfr* us vuqokndjus ;k djokus dh is zjd 'kfDr;ks a ijvuqokn&fpardksa dks lkspus ij etcwj dj fn;k gSvkSj Hkk"kk;h jktuhfr dk iwjk izHkko vuqokn ijiM+rk gS] vkSj cgqlaLÑfrdrk dks iks"k.k djus dsfy, vkus okys /ku&cy dk Hkh vuqokn us [kwcmi;ksx fd;k gSAizkjaHk esa ekuk tkrk Fkk fd vuqokn dks ewyfu"Bgksuk pkfg, ij vc fopkj/kkjk cny jgh gSAvuqokn dk Hkh viuk Lora= vfLrRo gSA og D;ksaewy tSlk fn[ks \ vuqokn dks Hkh viuh Lora=lÙkk pkfg, vkfn&vkfnA ifj.kker% vuqokn dks(Translation) dh lhek esa u ca/k dj Hkk"kkUrj.k]HkkokUrj.k] :ikUrj.k] dk;kUrj.k vkfn reke :iksaesa [kqn dks ifjyf{kr djkus dh Lora=rk feyuhpkfg,Avuqokn dks D;k ewy ikB tSlk i<+k;k tk ldrkgS \ vxj ugha rks D;ksa \ ;g eqn~nk Hkh vuqoknfpardksa ds e/; LFkku ?ksjs gq, gSA vjLrw] IysVks]

vuqokn % dqN 'kks/k dqN foe'kZ

f'koe 'kekZ*

vkdZfefMt ds fl)kar vkfn ,sls fo"k; jgs gSaftUgsa ge vf/kdka'k Hkkjrh; viuh Hkk"kk esa ghi<+rs vk;s gSaA tks fd vuqokn ds }kjk izPNUu :iesa laHko gqvk gSA ij dHkh v/;kid ;k Nk= us blfcanq ij /;ku ugha fn;k] vxj /;ku fn;k rks dHkhfoe'kZ ds :i ea eq[; /kkjk esa ppkZ ugha ik ldkAij orZeku esa vuqokn fpardksa ds fy, izklafxdfoe'kZ cu pqdk gSAvuwfnr] vfLerk ¼Translating Identity ½ vuqokndh jktuhfr ¼Politics of Translation½cgqlaLÑfrokn vkSj vuqokn ¼Translation & multi-

culturalism ½ vuwfnr laLÑfr ¼Translating

Culture½ vuwfnr tsaMj ¼ Translating gender ½]vuqokn vkSj lÙkk foe'kZ ¼Translation & power

of Discourse½ vkfn fo"k; vuqokn fparu ,oa'kks/k ds dsaæ esa vkdj [kM+s gq, gSaAizkjaHk ls gh vuqokn izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :i esa [kwcgksrk jgk gSA ijaijk vkSj fodkl ls tqM+s vkys[kvkSj O;k[;ku [kwc i<+us] lquus] xquus dks feyldrs gSa ijUrq vuqokn ds bfrgkl] ijaijk ijvyx&vyx Hkk"kkvksa esa O;ofLFkr <ax ls fy[kusdh t:jr gSA vkSj lkFk gh vuwfnr lkfgR; dhfo/kkxr lwph Hkh rS;kj djus dh vko';drk gSftlls fd vuqokn ds Lora= fo/kkxr vfLrRo dhtM+sa etcwr gks ldsaAvuqokn n'kZu izkjaHk ls gh ;g ekurk jgk gS fdlEiw.kZ pjkpj txr fdlh n';&vn'; ds fopkjksadk vuqokn gSA bl fcanq ij Hkh vuqokn dks ij[kdj i{k ;k foi{k esa n`"VkUr lfgr cM+s foe'kZ dhmEehn dh tk jgh gSAvuqokn ds lcls cM+h laHkkouk ;qDr {ks= e'khuhvuqokn 'kq#vkr ds fnuksa ls gh vkykspuk dkfo"k; jgk gSA ijUrq reke vlaHkkoukvksa@vk'kadkvksads gksrs gq, Hkh blds i{k/kj viuh mEehnksa dkslatks, gq, ns'k Hkj esa vius&vius laLFkkuksa esa fnu

*f'koe~ 'kekZ] fganh vuqoknd] fganh ,dd] ts,u;w

vuqokn fparu


jkr 'kks/k esa layXu gSaA Ñf=e cqf) ds fodkl lslaHkkouk FkksM+h izcy gks jgh gSA eqn~nk 'kks/k ,oafoe'kZ ds dasæ esa gSAtcls vuqokn foKku@dyk@v/;;u us Lora=vuq'kklu ds :i ea s fo'o Hkj ds rekefo'ofo|ky;ksa esa v/;;u] v/;kiu] 'kks/k ,oa foe'kZesa txg ik;h gS rc ls bl vuq'kklu dh 'kCnkoyhesa vHkwriwoZ cf) gqbZ gS orZeku esa ^vuqokn foKkuikfjHkkf"kd dks'k* ij 'kks/k ,oa fuekZ.k dh vko';drkgSA ;g eqn~nk Hkh 'kks/kijd nf"V ls egRoiw.kZ gSAvuqokn dks dsaæ esa j[kdj dbZ Hkk"kkfoKkfu;ksa]vuqokndksa] lektfpardksa] tuizfrfuf k;ksa@laLÑfrfonksa us dqN oDrO;ksa] fVIif.k;ksa] vkys[kksa esa viusfopkj O;Dr fd, gSa] budk ,d LFkku ij laxzg¼gkykafd lkfgR; vdkneh us bu ifjtuksa dkslkdkj :i nsus dk iz;kl fd;k gS½ gksus ls 'kks/k,oa foe'kZ dks vkSj cy fey ldrk gSAvuqokn vkSj cgqlkaLÑfrdrk %tSlk fd ge lHkh tkurs gSa fd vuqokn dks

lkaLÑfrd lsrq dh laKk nh tkrh gSA lkaLÑfrd lsrq dsvFkZ esa vuqokj nks laLÑfr;ksa ds e/; laisz"k.k dk dk;Z djrkgSA laLÑfr dk fuekZrk lekt gS vkSj vfHkO;fDr dk ek/;eHkk"kkA rkRi;Z ;g fd laLÑfr dk lh/kk laca/k lekt vkSjmldh Hkk"kk ls gSA ,d ns'k dh HkkSxksfyd ifjf/k es fofHkUulaLÑfr;k¡ fodflr ,oa iYyfor gksrh gSaA vkSj yksdra= esalHkh laLÑfr;ksa dks leku :i ls fodflr gksus dk vf/kdkj gSA jk"Vª jkT; dh ladYiuk ds i'pkr~ ,oa yksdra=dh LFkkiuk ds lkFk gh lekt dks lkEiznkf;drk ls cpkusrFkk mlds mPp fodkl gsrq cgq lkaLÑfrdrk dh vo/kkj.kk fodflr dh xbZA vkSj mlesa ijLij laisz"k.k gsrqvuqokn eq[; vk;ke cudj mHkjkA

gkykafd cgqlkaLÑfrdrk dh vkM+ esa dV~VjiafFk;ksa,oa pjeiafFk;ksa us vkradokn dks iks"k.k Hkh iznku fd;k vkSjblh dkj.k fiNys n'kdksa esa ;wjksi ds lHkh ns'kksa esacgqlaLÑfrdrk dh jktuhfrd ifj;kstuk foQy gks pqdhAbl nkSjku cgqlkaLÑfrdrk dks esfYVax ikWV] lsykWM ckmy]dlkVk vkbLØhe] bafM;u Fkkyh vkfn&vkfn ds :idksa esaO;k[;kf;r djus dk iz;kl Hkh fo}kuksa us fd;kA varr%cgqlkaLÑfrdrk ds LFkku ij ,dy laLÑfr dh ladYiukmHkjhA ijarq xkSj djsa rks vkSj lekt'kkL=h Hkh[kw ikjs[k ds'kCnksa esa dgsa rks ,dy laLÑfr dk vk/kkj Hkh dbZ laLÑfr;ksadk ijLij lkeatL; gh gSA ftldk vk/kkj vuqokn gSAvkt ftls ge Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dh laKk nsrs gSa og Hkh dbZlaLÑfr;ksa dk lfEeJ.k gSAHkweaMyhdj.k dh otg ls nqfu;k¡ ,d:irk dh rjQ c<+jgh gSA ;g ,d:irk Hkh cgqlkaLÑfrdrk ds baæ/kuq"k dsfy, [krjk gSA 'kks/k ,oa foe'kZ dh n`f"V ls ;g fo"k; HkhegRoiw.kZ gS blds vfrfjDr fuEu 'kh"kZd Hkh izklafxd gSaA

Hkk"kk foKku vkSj vuqokn var%laca/k• vuqokn] HkweaMyhdj.k vkSj izoklh lkfgR;• vuqokn % dqN 'kks/k dqN foe'kZ• vuqokn v/;;u dh 'kks/k izfof/k• vuqokn dk Lo:i vkSj Hkkjrh; lanHkZ• lkfgR; vdkneh dh vuqokn uhfr• fofHkUu lkfgR;ksa ¼dgkuh] miU;kl] dkO;½ esa vuwfnr

L=h vfLerk• fofHkUu lkfgR;ks esa vuwfnr nfyr vfLerk• vuqokn vkSj lÙkkfoe'kZ• vuqokn dh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh vkSj ifjHkk"kk

dks'k• fganh lkfgR;dkjksa dk vuqokndh; izns;• fganh vuqokn dk bfrgkl

Hkk"kk dYio`{k gSA mlls tks Hkh vkLFkkiwoZd ek¡xk tkrk gS] Hkk"kk og nsrh gSA mlls dqN ek¡xk gh u tk,]D;ksafd og isM+ ls yVdk gqvk ugha nh[k jgk gS] rks dYio`{k Hkh dqN ugha nsrkA

&lfPpnkuUn ghjkuUn okRL;k;u vKs;*


bDdhloha lnh lwpuk vkSj izkSn~;ksfxdh dh lnhgSA fnu izfrfnu ubZ&ubZ rduhd tUe ys jgh gSaA ;ghubZ rduhd lwpuk ds l'kDr ek/;e gSaA izkSn~;ksfxdh dsbl ;qx esa lwpuk dk laokgd ,oa lcls l'kDr ek/;edaI;wVj gSaA Hkkjr tSls cgqHkk"kh ns'k esa daI;wVj Økafr dslw=ikr ds le; vU; Hkk"kkvksa esa dkedkt dh fodjkyleL;k jgh gSA ijUrq vk/kqfud daI;wVj Hkk"kkvksa ds fy,ojnku fl) gks jgk gSA vkt fo'o dh yxHkx lHkhHkk"kkvksa us daI;wVj dks viuk vfHkUu vax cuk fy;k gSA;g lc ;wfudksM dh nsu gSA

;wfudksM fo'o dh yxHkx lHkh Hkk"kkvksa ds fy,gkj dh e/;ef.k cudj mHkjk gSA bldh lgk;rk ls lHkhHkk"kkvksa esa daI;wVj ij ljyrk ls dk;Z fd;k tk ldrk gSA;wfudksM ds dkj.k jktHkk"kk fganh Hkh vc vaxszth ls drbZihNs ugh gSA blus Hkk"kk dk dk;kiyV dj fn;k gSA bluslwpuk vkSj izkSn~;ksfxdh ds ;qx esa fganh dks u, ia[k iznkufd, gSaA oMZ&izkslsflax ls ysdj bZ&esy] osclkbV fuekZ.kvkfn dk;Z lgtrk ls fd, tk ldrs gSaA ;wfudksM dksfo'oHkj esa ekU;rk fey pqdh gSA

,udksfMax iz.kkyh % ;wfudksM;wfudksM ,d 16fcV dh ,udksfMax flLVe gS

vFkkZr~ blesa izR;sd ladsr dks LVksj vkSj ,Dliszl djus dsfy, lksyg ckbujh vadksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA blesa 65536vn~forh; la;kstu laHko gSA bl izdkj ;wfudksM daI;wVjesa buiqV MkVk dks Qk¡V dh lhekvksa ls ckgj fudky nsrkgSA bl ,udksfMax esa fdlh Hkh v{kj] vad ;k ladsr dkslksyg vadksa ds vn~forh; la;kstu ds :i esa lgst djj[kk tk ldrk gSA fdlh ,d Hkk"kk esa brus lkjs ;wfudv{kj ekStwn u gksus ds dkj.k bl ekud ¼LVsaMMZ½ esa fo'odh yxHkx lHkh Hkk"kkvksa dks 'kkfey dj fy;k x;k gSA gjHkk"kk dks bu 65536 la;kstdksa esa ls mldh o.kZekyklaca/kh vko';drkvksa ds vuqlkj LFkku fn;k x;k gSa bliz.kkyh esa lHkh Hkk"kk,a leku ntkZ j[krh gSa vkSj lgthohgSaA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd ;wfudksM vk/kkfjr daI;wVjigys ls gh fo'o dh gj Hkk"kk ls ifjfpr gS c'krsZ fd

daI;wVj vkSj fganhlqesj flag*

fganh lalkj

vkWijsfVax flLVe esa bldh {kerk gksA ;wfudksM u dsoyfganh] iatkch] rfey vfirq pyu esa u jgh Hkk"kkvksa ;Fkkikfy] izkÑr] viHkza'k ls Hkh ifjfpr gSA bls O;kid :i lsfo'oO;kih lwpuk ds vknku&iznku esa ekud ds :i esaLohdkj dj fy;k x;k gSA

;wfudksM lfØ; djus dh fof/k %foaMkst ,Dlih esa & Start > control panel >

Date, Time Language & Regional Option >Languages Tab ij tk,a vkSj vc Install piles forCpmplex Scripts ij fDyd dj apply nck,aA 2- vc[kqyus okys Mk;ykWx ckWDl esa fn[kk;k tk,xk fd vkivius daI;wVj esa bafMd vkSj dqN nwljh Hkk"kkvksa dh QkbysadkWih djus tk jgs gSaA blds ckn OK ij fDyd djsaA 3-bl ij vkxs baLVkWys'ku lhMh ekaxh tk,xhA blds ckndaI;wVj lhMh ls dqN Qkbyksa dks dkWih djsxkA 4- ;gizfØ;k iwjh gksus ds ckn Åij fn, x, Details dks nckdjAdd cVu ij fDyd djsaA vc [kqyus okys NksVs MkW;ykWxckWDl esa vyx&vyx fyfi;ksa ¼fLØIV~l½ dh lwph gksxh]blesa fganh dks pqusaA vc OK cVu nckdj Regional andLanguage options okyk MkW;ykWx ckWDl can dj nsaA VkLdckj ij EN vkSj HI okyk vkWI'ku fn[kkbZ nsus yxsxk vFkkZr~vc fganh ;wfudksM lfØ; gks pqdk gSA ;fn ySaxost ckjfn[kkbZ u ns rks Start > Control panel > Date, Time,Language and >Regional > options Language Tab >Details ij tk,a vkSj Language Bar cVu ij fDyd djsaA;gka fn[kus okys vkWI'ku ds lkeus ckWDl ij fVd dj djsavkSj fQj ls nckdj MkW;ykWx ckWDl can djsaA ySaxost ckjfn[kus yxsxkA foaMkst loZj 2003 esa foaMkst ,Dlih dhrtZ ij ;wfudksM lfØ; gksrk gSA

foaMkst foLVk vkSj foaMkst 7 esa vkWijsfVax flLVElesa mDr Qkbysa igys ls gh ekStwn gSaA vr% fganh dks lfØ;djrs le; lhMh dh vko';drk ugha gSA blds fy, start> Control Panel > Language and Region > Regionand Language ij fDyd djsaA Region and LanguageMkW;ykWx ckWDl [kksysaA vc Keyboards and Languages

*ys[kd ts,u;w esa fganh vf/kdkjh gSaA


VSc ij fDyd djsa rFkk fQj change Keyboard nck,aAvc fn[kus okys MkW;ykWx ckWDl esa Add cVu nck,a ftllsHkk"kkvksa dh fyLV fn[kkbZ nsus yxsxhA ;gka HINDI(INDIA) dk p;u dj fQj ogh fn, $ ds fu'kku ijfDyd dj Devnagri + Inscript dh&cksMZ dks pqusaA Hkkjrdk ekud dh&cksMZ Inscript gSA cl OK cVu nck,a vkSjySaxost ckj esa fganh gkftj gSA ;wfudksM ,fDVosV djus dhizfØ;k jktHkk"kk foHkkx dh osclkbV ij http://rajbhasha.nic.in bZ&midj.k ds varxZr nh xbZ gSA

;wfudksM ds ykHk

1- v{kjksa dh cukoV esa ,d:irkA2- oMZ izkslsflax] MkVk izkslsflax ¼,Dlsy] LizsM 'khV½]

ikoj IokbaV] bZ&esy]osclkbV] bZ&vkWfQl vkfn esa fganh esa lgt dk;ZA

3- fganh esa cuh Qkbyksa dk vklkuh ls vknku&iznkuA4- xwxy ;k vU; fdlh lpZ batu esa vklkuh ls lpZ

dk;ZA5- fojke fpàksaa] fo'ks"k v{kjksa ;Fkk Vª] Ir] Ø] Ñ vkfn

dh oSKkfud cukoVA

6- fganh Vad.k tkuus o u tkuus okys O;fDr;ksa dsfy, bafLØIV] jsfeaxVu o QksusfVd dh&cksMZys&vkmVA

7- fganh o vaxszth dk;Z lkFk&lkFk djus dh lqfo/kkA8- ckj&ckj QkaV cnyus o QkaV lkbt ds >a>V ls

eqfDrA9- fdlh daI;sVj eas ;wfudksMZ esa Vafdr VsDLV ¼ikB½

dks nwljs flLVe ij vklkuh ls i<+k tkuk( tadySaXost ls eqfDrA

10- fganh ds vU; QkaV ls vf/kd rst xfr ls Vad.klaHkoA

fu"d"kZ %

;wfudksM dh lgk;rk ls u dsoy fganh] vfirqvU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh vklkuh ls dk;Z fd;k tkldrk gSA vktdy lHkh daI;wVjksa eas ;wfudksM bufcYVgksrk gSA bu daI;wVjksa esa eksckby dh rjg fdlh Hkk"kk esalgtrk ls dk;Z fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;wfudksM lwpuk Økafresa Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds fy, ojnku fln~/k gks x;k gSA

fgUnphu esa eq>s viuh cgqr fnuksa dh Hkwyh gqbZ Ýsap dk T+kax NqM+kuk iM+k] D;ksafd dqN vknfe;ksa ls ckrphrdjus dk dksbZ nwljk tfj;k gh ugha FkkA fgUnqLrkfu;ksa ls Ýsap esa ckr djuk eq>s vthc ekywe gksrk gSA fQjHkh og mruk vthc ugha gS ftruk fganqLRkkfu;ksa dk vkil esa vaxzsT+kh esa ckrphr djukA

&tokgjyky usg#


dfork,a

lsokfuo`fÙk

eSa fuo`Ùk gw¡ ukSdjh lsij deZ ls ughaAeSa fuo`Ùk gw¡ lsok lsij drZO; ls ughaAA

vk,xh tc lqcg dyrks mBuk gksxk le; lsAdke rks vc Hkh cgqr iM+s gSagks lds rks lkeuk gks vkyL; lsAA

Hkfo"; vc laoj x;kthou vc laokjuk gSAcnys iqjkus lksp NksM+euq"; vc cuuk gSns ldw¡ vius lk¡> dks,d u, míhiu dk :iAA

l`tu ds yEcs le; dkseqM+dj ns[krk gw¡ vktdbZ drZO;ksa ls ;k fQjca/kuksa ls eqDr gw¡ vktAij bPNk gS] fQj Hkhdke vk ldw¡ lcdsns ldw¡ lHkh dkslqdwu] Lusg vkSj lsok dk nkuAA

ifjokn] iwjd vkSj [kq'kh

eq>s f'kdk;r gS fd &xqykc lax] dk¡Vs Hkh gSaAijUrq [kq'kh Hkh fd &dk¡Vksa ds iFk xqtj] xqykc f[kyrk gSAA

eq>s f'kdk;r gS fd &dey f[kyrs gSa] dhpM+ esaAijUrq [kq'kh Hkh fd &dhpM+ esa Hkh xqatu djrs gSa deyAA

eq>s f'kdk;r gS fd &fn;k lax va/ksjk] ry ij gSAijUrq [kq'kh Hkh fd &va/ksjs ds Åij T;ksfr fojkteku gSAA

eq>s f'kdk;r gS fd &Hkw[k vkSj [kkus esa] eph gS gksM+AijUrq [kq'kh Hkh fd &[kkus esa clh gS lq/kk r`fIr dh MksjAA

eq>s f'kdk;r gS fd &tqnkbZ esa fijks;k gqvk gS] feyu dk nnZAijUrq [kq'kh Hkh fd &feyu ds lius] vc nsrs gSa tqnkbZ dks pqukSrhAA

eq>s f'kdk;r gS fd &ikuh ugha rks] I;klk gh gS thouAijUrq [kq'kh Hkh fd &I;kl dks gj] flQZ ikuh gh gS thouAA

eq>s f'kdk;r gS fd &ckny xjtus ls gksrh gS pdkpkSa/kAijUrq [kq'kh Hkh fd &fjef>e ckfj'k] rks ckny gh ykrs gSaAA

eq>s f'kdk;r gS fd ≤ dh lwbZ dks ugha jksd ik;kAijUrq [kq'kh Hkh fd &yxHkx lHkh dk;Z] ?kM+h ls gh dj ik;kAA*dqylfpo] ts,u;w

MkW- lanhi pVthZ*


eSa D;ksa lkspw¡ \

eSa D;ksa lkspw¡ fd lkjk tx]eq>ls gh vuqie I;kj djsAckr esjh flj /kkj.k dj]lnk f'k"V O;ogkj djsAeSa D;ksa lkspw¡ fd yksx esjh]ckrksa dks gh Lohdkj djsaAekusa eq>dks mÙke dsoy]u vkSj fdlh dh pkg djsaAeq>dks jkgksa esa Qwy feysa]dk¡Vksa dks u igpkuw¡ eSaA[kqf'k;ksa dk lek¡ pgq¡ vksj jgs]x+e gksrk gS D;k u tkuw¡ eSaAeSa D;ksa lkspw¡ fd fcuk yM+s gh]fot; ;q) esa izkIr d:¡Aviuh gh t;&t;dkj jgs]cl viuk gh ;'k O;kIr d:¡AeSa D;ksa lkspw¡ gj lq[k esjk]gj oSHko ij vf/kdkj jgsAgj liuk gks lkdkj esjk]gjne esjh ljdkj jgsAcl uke fo'o esa gks esjk]nqfu;k eq> ij vfHkeku djsAlcls mÙke gks pfj= esjk]cl esjk gh lEeku djsAdsoy eSa jgw¡ uohu* lnk]eSa dHkh Hkh u izkphu cuw¡AeSa D;ksa lkspw¡ cl viuk fgr]fut LokFkZ;qDr] vfr&nhu cuw¡A

uohu flag*

fVefVekgV & ,d pqHku

,d Hkhxh jkr esa] lnZ gokvksa ds lkFk esa,d iraxk mM+ fudyk] jks'kuh dh ryk'k esavatku cuk] e¡Mjkrk jgk bnZfxnZxehZ dh pknj yisVs ykS dh fVefVekgV esadc feVk nsxh eneLr iraxs dh gljr dksugha tkurk] dc xeZ gok fuxy ysxh ftLe dh xehZ dksvkSj jg tk,xk ,d futhZo tho :ih <kapkfQj vk;sxk ,d vkSj iraxk nksgjkus dks viuh xkFkkfQj feV tk;xk vkSj iw.kZ dj tk,xk dkypØ dh O;Fkk

fVefVe fVefVe rkjs djrs ckydksa dks I;kjs yxrsxksy xksy ls pUnkekek cksycksy dj gkFk QSykrsek¡ ds vapy es Nqi Nqi dj rksrys rksrys cksy crkrsfirk dh v¡xqyh idM+ viuh igpku cukrsugha tkurs /kwfey gks tk;saxs ;s thou ds iFk ij lkjsHkwy dj lkjs okns] ;'k] vi;'k] vius] I;kjsfleV dj jg tk,axs vius gh dop esaQVh vk¡[ksa vkSj cqncqnkrs gksaB vkrqj gks tk;saxsvkdk'k dks viuh ck¡gksa esa Hkjus dkscqtqxhZ dh gn ikj dj i¥~p rÙo es feyus dks[kks nsaxs viuk vfLrRo VwVs gq, rkjs dh rjg

çksQslj nhid 'kekZ*

* dfo ts,u;w ds Nk= gSaA *izksŒ nhid 'kekZ] thou foKku laLFkku] ts,u;w esa dk;Zjr gSaA


fiz;

fiz; !rqelsesjk vxk/k iszeof.kZr ugha dj ldrk'kCnksa esarqeflQZ vkSj flQZeq>s gh ns[kkscfYdlkspks Hkhesjs gh ckjs esafdlh vkSj dks ughafdUrq esjhdksbZ xkjUVh ughagk¡]bruk vo';eSa rqEgsa Hkh ns[kw¡vkSjvkSjksa dks Hkhns[krk gw¡ns[ks fcukjg ugha ldrkeSa rks Hkkoqd gw¡Hkkoukvksa dh ygjksa esacg gh tkrk gw¡cl -----A

vkf[kj dc rd

dc vk;sxh ln~cqf)bfrgkl dks ns[kdqN lh[korZeku dks laokjHkfo"; dks cpkbl pjkpj txr dsJs"B thoekuovc Hkh le; gSlaHkyojukbl opZLo ds >wBsegkdqEHk esairk ughadgk¡ [kks tk,xkjg tk,¡xhcl/kqa/kyh ;knsacudj bfrgklyk'kksa ds <+sj ijlÙkklfn;ksa ls vc rd<+ksrk jgsxkvkf[kj dc rddc rd -----

xaxk flag 'ks[kkor*

*ys[kd ts,u;w dh fganh ,dd esa lgk;d gSA


ts,u;w ifjlj

ts,u;w fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh ohjku nqfu;k ds jguqek gks rqevKku dh va/ksjh uxjh ds vkQrkc gks rqerqEgkjs cqf)thfo;ksa ds Je dh 'kcue usfo|kfFkZ;ksa dh ek;wfl;ksa o vKkurk dhxnZ dks /kks Mkykvius iqLrdky; ds lkxj esafNis Kku ds jRuksa dks;qok fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ckaV Mkykts,u;w ds ifjlj lslesV dj Kku ds Hk.Mkj dksfdrus gh fo|kfFkZ;ksa us fons'kksa esa o Hkkjr esats,u;w ds uke dk ifjpe ygjk;kdksbZ cuk izksQslj&lkbafVLV]dksbZ daI;wVj bathfu;jdksbZ cuk MkWDVj vkSjdksbZ vkbZih,l] vkbZ,,l vkWfQljfonsf'k;ksa dh [kqy x;h eqanh vka[ksavkokd jg x;h nqfu;kts,u;w ;g rsjs deZB dqyifr] dqylfpoizksQslj ,oa lgdfeZ;ksa dh fu"Bk dk gS izrkits,u;w dk ekgkSy ltx o izxfr'khy gS;gka dh felky [kqn gh csfelky gSAva/ksjh Mxj dks Kku ds izdk'kls vkykSfdr djrk ;g I;kjkts,u;w ifjlj gekjkA

dqlqe yrk 'kekZ ¼reUuk½

*iwoZ ofj"B lgk;d] ts,u;w

yksgs ds o`{k gjs gksa rks---

yksgs ds o`{k gjs gksa rks---foQyrkvksa dh catj Hkwfe is HkhlQyrkvksa ds uo cht yxsaxsAAdkals dh e`xr`".kk lsmijfr ds uo vkST+kkj cusaxsAAvkdka{kkvksa dh izlqIr chtksa ls]fujk'kkvksa ds dksaiy QwVsaxsAAtks yksgs ds o`{k gjs gksa rks---tM+&ew<+ fof{kIr izk.kh ds eq[k ls HkhdkO; ygfj;ksa ds uo cksy QwVsaxsAAO;fHkpkjh Hkh vius fopkjksa lsLoLFk lekt fuekZ.k ds uo LoIu cqusaxsAAtks yksgs ds o`{k gjs gksa rks---vdeZ.;rk ds Hkh fge fxjh lslQyrk dh ejhfp QwVsxhAAvkSj fQj---Hkz"Vkpkj #ih bl iafdy tx esaHkwry is fQj ls vejkorh mrjsxhAA

egRokdka{kk

eafty f{kfrt ds ikj [kM+h gS]pyus vHkh gSa lgL=ksa dnevk'kk vkSj mRlkg ds ?kV dks <ksusa gSaegRokdka{kkvksa dh jsrhyh Hkw isAAfQj ls tqVkus gSa iq"i [keaMy esa]ifjJe vkSj iq.; ls flafprgksxh ;g deZHkwfeyxsaxs ftlis ckx+ lQyrk dsiz[kj&izpaM rst ls gksxh vkIykforegRokdka{kvksa dh ;g e#HkwfeAA

'kqHke 'ks[kj


xaxk <kck ts,u;w dk FkekZehVj gSA FkekZehVj dkseqag ;k dka[k esa yxkus ls ftLe ds rkieku dk vanktkgkfly gksrk gSA vki xaxk <kck igqafp,A dqN oDQs rdvius&vki dks ogka dh vkcks&gok esa fgyus&feyus nhft;svkSj vki ik,axs] fcuk eqag yxk, ;k dka[k lVk, ts,u;w dkVsEijspj fjd‚MZ gks x;k gSA ysfdu ;g fjd‚MZ lcdks ughafey ldrkA mudks rks drbZ ugha ftUgksaus ;gka U;wurevVsaMsal iwjk u fd;k gksA bl <kcs ds dksus vrjksa esa ts,u;wds ekStwnk vkSj HkwriwoZ vìscktksa dh :gsa clrh gSaA eSa d;klyxkrk gw¡ fd ts,u;w dYpj ls tqM+s fdlh igyw dk igykMªk¶V blh <kcs ij ikl gqvk gksxkA dbZ eSjkFku cSBdsa gqbZgksaxhA csfglkc cgl&eqckfglksa ds ckn mldk :i r;gqvk gksxkA bl rjg ;g <kck ftl ts,u;w dks ge vkttkurs gSa mlds cuus dh çfØ;k dk lk{kh jgk gSA lksprkgw¡] dksbZ txg tks vius ekewyhiu dh ogt ls ukekywe jgtkrh flQZ dqN [k+kl balkuh ljxfeZ;ksa ds ck;l ls fdruhekuh[kst+ gks tkrh gSA blls irk pyrk gS] txgksa dkviuk dksbZ vFkZ ugha gksrkA og vFkZ /khjs&/khjs iSnk fd;ktkrk gSA txgksa dh viuh Hkwfedk cl bruh gS fd bar[+kkcds oD+r og ilan vkSj lgwfy;r ds eqrkfYyd+ vkSj txgksals Åij FkkA

thus ds fy, dqN phtksa dh ryc t#jh gSA xaxk<kck ts,u;w esa mlh t#jh ryc dk fgLlk gSA nwj lsljljh rkSj ij nsf[k;s rks yxrk gS ;gka D;k gS! dqN Hkh rksughaA lM+d ls gVdj dVksjs ds vkdkj dk /kalk gqvk vkSjpan ccwy ds isM+ksa ls f?kjk gqvk csrjrhc tehu dk ,df[kÙkkA ftlesa iRFkjksa ds dbZ vux<+ VqdM+s vius ru&eudh lq/k Hkwys ykijokgh ls b/kj&m/kj yq<+ds iM+s gksaA ogkacSBus dh dqN lhesaVsM cSBfd;ka gSa tks ges'kk ,d&nwljs dhvksj eqag ck;s rc rd [+kkeks'k iM+h jgrh gSa tc rd 'kkeugha gks tkrhA 'kke gksrs gh ogka ds cSBdcktksa ds lkFk ;sccwy ds pqIik isM+ vkSj tklwlksa dh rjg gj rjQ QSyslhesaVsM vkSj iRFkjksa ds VqdM+s cksyus&cfr;kus yxrs gSaA'kke <yus dk lcls T;knk bartkj bUgsa gh gksrk gSA ckgjls vkusokyksa dks dbZ nQ+k eSaus dgrs gq, lquk] Þ;gh xaxk<kck gS! D;k gS ;gka th! nw&pkj Bks nwdku vkSjykSaMksa&yikfM+;ksa dk gk&gk] gh&gh! [kke[kk gYyk fd;s Fks

ts,u;w dk FkekZehVjfnO;kuUn*

xaxk <kck

;kj! xaxk <kck ,slk rks oSlk! ,dnEes [kaMgj cq>krk gS!gsg !ß eSa dHkh ogka dk vM+hckt ugha jgkA vM+hcktksa dhVksfy;ka vc fn[krh Hkh de gSaA ts,u;w esa nks&rhu lkyfcrk pqdk gj fo|kFkhZ vkidks ;g dgrs gq, feysxk] ÞvcD;k ns[krs gksA vc rks dqN Hkh ugha cpk gSA ,d t+ekuk Fkk]tc xaxk <kck Fkk vkSj cl xaxk <kck FkkA vkSj oks oD+r clvHkh&vHkh xqtjk gSA cl rqEgkjs vkus ds dqN fnu igys dhckr gSA oks xksYMu ihfj;M Fkk] xaxk <kck dkAß çdkjkarjls oks dg jgk gksrk gS fd ckr flQZ xaxk <kck dh ugha]ts,u;w dh Hkh gSA tks ts,u;w rqEgkjs vkus ds igys Fkk] oksvc dgka! rqeus ml ts,u;w dks fel dj fn;kA ;g ckrlHkh ih<+h ds gj uLy ds fo|kFkhZ dks lquuh iM+rh gSA ogpkgs uCcs ds n'kd dk jgk gks ;k vkt dkA okeekxhZ gks;k nf{k.kekxhZA ;s lc dgus okys Nk= dk vankt ml cw<sdh rjg gksrk gS tks ckr&ckr ij bl ckr dh Bldtrkrk gS] ÞcsVk! rqeus vHkh nqfu;k ns[kh dgka gS! ge ns[ksagSa ysfdu rqEgsa D;k crkosaA rqe rks gesa ,sjk&xSjk uRFkw&[kSjkle>s gksA [kSj !ß xaxk <kck ds vM+hckt ,d yscy ijDykfldy uks'kal esa thus okys tho gksrs gSaA ftUnxh esa osdqN NksVk dj gh ugha ldrsA djs u djs ysfdu lksp rksldrs gh ughaA ;s ckr nhxj gS fd rnFkZ HkrhZ ds pDdj esamuds twrs muls jge dh vihy djrs gSaA

;g <kck ts,u;w dk vH;kj.k gSA ckgjh vkneh,d lkFk iwjs ts,u;w dh gYdh Nfo ;gka ik ldrk gSAmlh rjg tSls yksx vH;kj.; esa taxy ns[krs gSaA tc 'kkexaxk <kcs ij mrj jgh gksrh gS] ml le; ts,u;w dsfdLe&fdLe ds çk.kh viuh ekan ls vius dks ckgj [khaprkgqvk ikrs gSaA vkSj fQj t+ekus ds fy, tks jkr gksrh gS og;gka ds vM+hcktksa ds fy, 'kkeA bldh 'kke nqfu;koh 'kkels FkksM+h vygnk vkSj yach gksrh gSA jkr dh x.kuk ;gkackjg cts ds ckn equkflc le>h tkrh gSA ;gka ds cSBdcktksaesa fdlh dks vpkud vglkl gksrk gS vkSj og ckdh yksxksadks dky dh orZeku n'kk ls ifjfpr djkrk gS] Þvjs! ns[kks]nks ct x;kA crkvks ;kj! gn gSA dksbZ lkyk cksyk rdughaAß bl rjg fQj tkus dk ewM cukrs&cukrs vkSj vafreckj pk; ihrs&u&ihrs rhu ct pqdk gksrk gSA le; Bgjrkugha ysfdu ;gka psruk ds fdlh dksus esa ?kM+h dh lwbZ dgha

*ys[kd Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dsUæ] ts,u;w ds Nk= gSaA


vVdh&lh tku iM+rh gSA vkSj bl Hkze dk fuokj.k gksrs&gksrsczã eqgwrZ vkjaHk gks tkrk gSA ;gka ds vM+hckt tc Nqfê;ksaesa ;k xkgs&cxkgs ?kj tkrs gSa rks mUgsa cM+h rdyhQ gksrhgSA iwjk ?kj Bj&Bj lks jgk gksrk gS vkSj vM+hckt dh vka[kksaesa uhan ughaA gyd flxjsV ds /kqvksa ds fy, cspkSu vkSj thpk; ds fy, pViVA ysfdu ?kj ftruk NksVk 'kCn gSmldh e;kZnk mruh gh cM+hA ogka ,slh vkokjxh ds fy,dgha txg ugha gksrhA

bl <kcs dh pkSgíh Hkkjr dh rjg gh v'kkar vkSjfofo/k gSA ,d vksj vLirky gS] tgka vki fdlh chekjh dsmipkj ds fy, tkb;s igyh nokbZ vkidks flfVªftufeysxhA bl vLirky esa nks rjg ds ejhtksa dh Hkkjh HkhAmeM+h jgrh gSA ,d os tks lIrkg Hkj ls VsLV djk jgs gSavkSj gj fnu 'kke ds pkj cts fjiksVZ dysDV dj jgs gSaAfjiksVZ esa lc u‚eZy gS ysfdu M‚DVj fQj Hkh rhu rjg dhgjh] uhyh] ihyh nokb;ka de&ls&de rhu fnu rd yxkrkj[kkus dks dgrk gSA nwljs ejht os gksrs gSa ftUgsa vpkudfdlh fnu fdlh vkSj ds dgus ij fnO; Kku gksrk gS fdoks vksojosV gks jgk gSA fQj rks ,sls ejhtksa dks nks gh txgpkSu ulhc gksrk gSA LVsfM;e esa dku esa b;jihl Bwals nkSM+rsde >Vdrs gq, vkSj gsYFk lsaVj ds ml fujhg vkSjlokZf/kd ihfM+r xksykdkj e'khu ij [kM+k gksrs gq, tksBhd&Bhd osV crkdj mlds liuksa dks jkst rksM+ nsrk gSAckn esa mls ;kn vkrk gS] >ksyk rks ihB ls mrkjs gh ugha FksAfQj og dqy otu esa ls cSx lfgr diM+s oxSjg dk otunks&pkj fdyks de dj nwljs fnu fQj ls vius dks rkSyusds fy, vkRefo'okl bdB~Bk dj ysrk gSA bl ^vkjksX;/kke* ls fudyrs gh ck,a gkFk ¼fnYyh dh tcku esa myVsgkFk½ fcêw dh nwdku gS tks bl <kcs dh uhan txrh vkSjlksrh gSA ekfyd ds uke ij lHkh bls fcêw dh nwdku cqykrsgSaA eSaus vkt rd fcêw HkkbZ dks galrs ugha ns[kkA rks esjh cM+hreUuk gS fd ts,u;w esa jgrs gq, eSa ;g miyfC/k Hkh gkflydj ywaA fcêks HkkbZ tc eksckby fle dh Ldhe crkrs gSa rksesjs eu esa ;g [okfg'k txrh gS fd dk'k ! blh vankt esaeq>s dfork,¡ ;kn gksrha vkSj fQj eSa fcêw HkkbZ dh ijQ‚esaZlds lcc ls FkksM+h nsj igys vius fc[kjs vkRefo'okl dkslesV vius dks rlYyh nsrk gqvk viuk /;ku dgha vkSjfVdkus dh rjrhc djrk gwaA

<kcs dh nwljh lhek ij cl LVSaM gS&xaxk clLVSaMA lun jgs] bl LVSaM ls 615 xqtjrh gSA esjs cSp ds,dek= thfor vkykspd ¼ckdh lsesLVj vkykspd FksAv'kksd NksM+ lkcdk vkykspdh; elkyk eqírksa igys >M+x;k vkSj bl rF; dks lHkh fouezrk iwoZd Lohdkjrs gSaA

v'kksd dh vkykspdh; çfrHkk dk igyk yksgk dkS'ky usekuk vkSj ckdk;nk dqN fo'ks"k.kksa ls uoktrs gq, og bldsjkLrs ls gV x;kA vkSj tc dkS'kw HkkbZ ljsaMj gks x;s rks fQjfdldh etky fd bl nq/kZ"kZ vkykspd ds xksj[kiqjh rst dslkeus fVd ik;s!½ v'kksd us bl ukeqjkn 615 dk uke^jk{kl* fd;k gSA bl ukedj.k dk O;qRifÙkijd vFkZ djrsgq, vkykspd v'kksd us dgk fd Þnsf[k;s ,slk gS fd jk{kltks gS vpkud çdV gks tkrk gS vkSj ;s 615 Hkh irk ughadc vkSj fdl vksj ls vpkud çdV gks tk;sA rks tks ;suke eSaus fn;k gS lks dkQh lksp&cw>djA xq.kksa dk /;kudj ;g uke fn;k gwaA le>s fd ugha nso HkkbZ!½ ;s ckr lghgS fd ftanxh esa vpkud ?kVs dh rjg 615 vkrh vkSj tkrhgSA vki bartkj djrs jfg;s ugha vk;sxh vkSj ;wa gh LVSaM ijcSB tkb;s 615 Qkyrw eSlst dh rjg vkrh tk;sxhA bldhj¶+rkj ds ckjs esa dqN fy[kk ugha tk ldrkA cl ! mls tkrsgq, ns[kdj eglwl fd;k tk ldrk gSA ekywe gksrk gS] 615vdsys ugha vius vkl&ikl dh lkjh phtksa dks lesVrs gq,tk,xhA eSaus lquk fd oUl vi‚u , Vkbe tc iq#"kksÙkevxzoky ;wih,llh ¼vu çksMdfVcy lfoZl deh'ku½ dsesEcjku gqvk djrs Fks rks lk{kkRdkj ds nkSjku ,d ts,u;wds ^dkfcy vkSj ;ksX;* vH;FkhZ ls mUgksaus loky nkxk]Þcrkvks! 615 dk :V D;k gS vkSj ts,u;w esa mlds fdrusLV‚i gSa \ß vH;FkhZ gSjku&ijs'kku lkspus yxk] lkyk ! blckjs esa th-,l- vfrfjäkad ds fdlh vad esa dksbZ ppkZ ghugha gSA

<kcs dh cph gqbZ pkSgíh foæksgh th ls iwjh gksrhgSA os vius&vki esa ,d c‚MZj gSaA c‚MZj ugha gksrs rks dcds <g x;s gksrsA dksbZ [ksy gS] vuojr rhu n'kdksa lsvM+hckth djukA rks os eqUrft+j gSa fd dksbZ mi;qä vkSjçfrHkk'kkyh vM+hckt vk;s vkSj esjh o"kks± dh fojklr dkslaHkkysA ysfdu fQygky dksbZ vklkj utj ugha vkrkA oSlsHkh vc ts,u;w çfrHkkokuksa ds fy, de gh tkuk tkrk gSAts,u;w dh Økafrdkjh jktuhfr dh dkjrwl dks [kkyh gq,,d vjlk gksus dks gSA xaxk <kck mu fnuksa dh ;kn esadHkh&dHkh vkidks gkSys&gkSys flldrs gq, feysxkA ;gkadh tfVy ftanxh dk Hkk"; gS] xaxk <kckA gj u;s yksxksa dksxaxk <kck ts,u;w ds ,d rhFkZ dh gSfl;r ls fn[kk;k tkrkgS vkSj ns[kus okys ds ikl ;fn lathnk :g gqbZ rks oks blsns[krk Hkh blh rjg gS] ugha rks mls cl ;gka ,d csrjrhcHkhM+ fn[krh gSA tSlh HkhM+ egkuxj esa vki dgha Hkh ns[kldrs gSaA ;gka ,d iSjsyy ;wfuoflZVh pyrh gSA bldk,d fu/kkZfjr dkslZ vius&vius v/;kidksa vkSj DyklesVksadh th [kksy fuank gS] tks ts,u;w dh ckSf)d t+cku esa


vkykspuk dgh tkrh gSA vc vkykspuk rks dksbZ cqjh phtgqbZ ughaA og rks ;gka laL—fr leh{kk dk fgLlk ekuk x;kgS vkSj çksQ+slj vkSj DyklesV laL—fr ls ckgj rks gS ugha! ;gka u;s yksxksa dks igys etk ugha vkrkA vkidks dbZ ckjyxsxk ;gka lc vius esa e'kxwy gSaA dksbZ fdlh dh ckr lquugha jgk vkSj ;fn lqu jgk gS rks mlij /;ku rks fcYdqyugha ns jgkA ,slk gS ughaA ;gka yksx lqukus de] lquusT;knk vkrs gSaA ;g ckr vkidks vxys jkst ekywe gksxh tc,d iksLVj esa vkidh ckr dk gokyk feysxk vkSj fQjnqfu;k&tgku ls tksM+rs gq, Hkjiwj ykur&eyker dhtk,xhA ,d jkgr ;s gS fd cxy esa xaxk g‚LVy gSA ysfdu;s jkgr lcds fy, ugha gSA ftuds tkuusokys gh ogka ughamuds fy, rks og cl ,d g‚LVy gSA vkSj g‚LVy rksg‚LVy gSA tSlk viuk] oSlk gh vkSjksa dkA ,d ckj iqu%iq#"kksÙke vxzoky jktHkk"kk fnol ds ekSds ij vkVZ~l ,aM,LFksfVDl ds lHkkxkj esa c‚p jgs Fks] Þmu fnuksa eSa xaxkg‚LVy esa jgrk Fkk---ß] lHkh yxs f[kyf[kykus fd iq#"kksÙkevxzoky us [kqyklk fd;k] Þlquks rks lghA ml le; oksc‚;t g‚LVy gqvk djrk FkkAß bl rjg xaxk ds ckjs esa ,du;k rF; eq>s ekywe gqvk vkSj bls eSaus jktHkk"kk fnol dhmiyfC/k ds :i esa xzg.k fd;kA eSaus lkspk] bl xaxk g‚LVyus nksuksa nqfu;kvksa dks le;≤ ij iukg nh gSA <kcs rksts,u;w esa dbZ gSa ysfdu xaxk mu lcds chp leh{kk <kckgSA ts,u;w vkSj nqfu;k&tgku ds thou vkSj fl;klr dsgj js'ks dks ;gka m/ksM+k tkrk gSA m/ksM+s js'kksa dks fQj rk'kds iÙkksa dh rjg laxh vM+hcktksa esa ckaVk tkrk gSA vkSj ;gehfVax bl ekufld lq[k ds lkFk laiUu eku yh tkrh gSfd &

Þesjh fgEer rks nsf[k;s esjh rch;r rks nsf[k;sckr tks lqy> tkrh gS fQj ls my>krk gw¡ eSaAß

ts,u;w ds vf/kdka'k çksQsljksa us dle [kk j[kh gS]lsaVj] Ldwy] dSaVhu vkSj v‚fMVksfj;e ds ckgj tgka fo|kFkhZgksaxs] ogka ge dSls gks ldrs gSa ! ;g dle xaxk <kcs ijHkh fuHkk;h tkrh gSA dkexkj Hkh ogka vkidks de feysxkAcl fo|kFkhZ vkSj fo|kFkhZA ekuosrj çkf.k;ksa esa ogka dqÙksvkSj dkSos feysaxsA vkidh gh rjg fdlh cglksa&eqckfglksaesa e'kxwyA ysfdu os FkksM+s vlH; gq, ! blfy, dHkh&dHkh

Å¡ph&vkokt esa yM+us&>xM+us yxrs gSaA ge i<+us&fy[kusokys ekus gq, lH; Bgjs blfy, bu phtksa ls cprs gSaA ;gkadk ok;qeaMy flxjsV ds /kqvksa vkSj pk; dh xeZ Hkkiksa lsjprk gSA dksus&vrjs flxjsV ds vkSj Hkh laLdj.k ok;qeaMydks Hkkjh vkSj xaHkhj cukrs gSaA ,d :<+&lh le> ;gka ;gHkh gS fd ftlus u'kk ugha fd;k og ckSf)d dSlk!

dy ds ijps esa fdldh csgqeZrh gksuh gS vkSjfdruh gksuh gS] ;g [kcj vxj dgha ls yhd gks ldrh gSrks og xaxk <kck gSA vxj vki [kkstugkj gq, rks ;gka lsos lw= ik ldrs gSaA iwjs ts,u;w esa vkidks 'kq) dqN ughafeysxkA tks feysxk] eq'rjdk rgt+hc dk feysxkA vFkkZrfeyk&tqykA blfy, xaxk <kck ij vkidks u 'kq) 'kkdkgkjhdh nwdku feysxh vkSj u 'kq) ekalkgkjh dhA feysxh nksuksaA,d vthc bÙkQ+kd gSA oSls ftUnxh gh bÙkQ+kd gSA tkspht xaxk <kcs ij lcls T;knk fMekafMax gS oks ;gka feyrhgh ughaA vkf/kdkfjd rkSj ij rks fcYdqy ughaA flxjsV !fdlh ls feyuk gks] fdlh dks feykuk gks] dqN [kjhnuk gks]dqN cspuk gks] vius dks M‚DVj ls fn[kkuk gks ;k fdlh dksfn[kykuk gks] tqfu;kjku dks Kku¼\½ nsuk gks] xkM+h&v‚VksidM+uk gks] iqryk ngu djuk gks] fdlh tqywl dk vkxkt+djuk gks vkfn&bR;kfn] oSls tks dke eSaus fxuk;s gSa muesals dbZ vkSj txgksa ij Hkh gks ldrs gSa ysfdu ,d lkFkbruh fofo/krkvksa dks vatke ds lkFk xaxk <kck gh lk/kldrk gSA

xaxk <kck ts,u;w dh nwljh vkSj lcls t#jhikB'kkyk gSA jktuhfr ds xk<+s fnuksa esa xaxk <kck viusloksZÙke eqdke ij gksrk gSA mlds HkkX; ij vkSj <kcs b";kZdjrs gSa ysfdu mlls dHkh gqvk gS dqNA b";kZ rks fnycgyko gSA ftUnxh tSlh ckr gS fd tks ts,u;w esa vk;k gS,d fnu blls ckgj tk;sxkA ysfdu ge nqfu;k ls viuslkFk dqN ugha ys tk ldrs tcfd ts,u;w NwVus ds cknxaxk <kck lcds lkFk FkksM+k&FkksM+k tk;sxk vkSj fQj Hkhcpk jgsxkA ts,u;w esa bYe dh ryk'k esa HkVdrs czãjk{kl*ds nf{k.k ls vk;s cVqd dh rjg fQj ,d fnu ;g <kckfdlh dks viuh xksn esa fcBk ysxkA ;s xaxk <kck fdlhxarO; dh rjg ugha ,d lQ+j dh rjg gSA blfy, ;sflyflyk Hkh ;wa gh pyrk jgsxk---A

og euq"; lcls csgrjhu ftanxh clj djrk gS tkst:jrksa ds fy, fdlh nwljs ij Hkjkslk ugha djrkA

;fn vkids ân; ls euq";rk ugha rks /keZ vkSjbZ'oj esa vkLFkk j[kus dk dksbZ vFkZ ugha gSA


21oha lnh dk igyk n'kd chr tkus ds ckn ds,d cjl dk iwl dk eghukA

grsHkj dh dksf'k'k ds ckn vkf[kjdkj Hkwjh dhljlksa Hkjkus dh ckjh vk xbZA jkethyky iVsy us feldkWy djds gjds'k ekLVj dks crk;k] ekM+lkc] vkt j~;krvkB cts ls rekjks uacjv!*

f'k{kkfe= ds :i esa gjds'k ftl xk¡o esa dke djjgk Fkk] og xaxkiqj ls nks lkS fdyksehVj ls T;knk ghgksxkA og gj 'kfuokj 'kke vius xk¡o vk tkrk Fkk vkSjlkseokj lqcg ik¡p cts okyh cl ls pyk tkrk FkkA v/kZokf"kZd ijh{kkvksa dh otg ls u bruh vklkuh ls NqV~Vhfey ldrh Fkh vkSj u gh bruh tYnh xk¡o igqapk tkldrk FkkA le> ugha ik;k] gka djs ;k uk! nl fnu cknlnhZ dh NqfV~V;ksa esa rks xk¡o tkuk gh Fkk ysfdu rc rdnsj gks tk,xhA

mlus Hkwjh dks iM+kSlh ds eksckby ij Qksu feykdjjk; yh rks Hkwjh us FkksM+s ladksp ds lkFk ^gka* dj fn;kAgjds'k us viuh thth1 ls Hkh ckr dh vkSj bl fcanq ijlgefr cuh fd ljlksa vkt gh Hkjk,¡xs ysfdu dwM eksM+us2

ds fy, ,d etwj Hkh dj ysaxsA

Hkwjh etwj dj vkbZA rhu lkS #i;s esa etwj gqvkAvk/kh jkr ds fy,A

Hkwjh us nksuksa cPpksa dks [kkuk f[kykdj lqyk;kAHkSal vkSj ifM;k dks lk¡nh&ik.kh fn;kA nksuksa] lkl&cgw] us[kkuk [kk;kA brus esa jes'k cSjok Hkh vk igq¡pkA Hkwjh us ,d'kkWy vkSj mldh lkl us ,d iqjkuk dacy fy;k tks gjds'kds firkth dqaHk ds esys ls yk;s FksA ,d VkWpZ vkSj xSl3

ysdj rhuksa cxhps okys [ksr dh vksj pysA

pkj&ik¡p lky igys rd cxhps okys dq,¡ esa dkeyk;d ik.kh gks tkrk FkkA nl&ckjg lky igys rks ;gkaik.kh dh dksbZ deh ugha FkhA lokbZ ek/kksiqj&djkSyh ftysjktLFkku esa Hkys gh vkrs gksa] ysfdu ;gka ik.kh dh fdYyrugha jghA ik¡puk ck¡/k ls dbZ ugjas fudy jgh FkhaA T;knkrjxk¡oksa esa cM+s rkykc Fks tks yxHkx gj lky Hkj tk;k djrsFksA xaxkiqj ls djkSyh tkus okyh lM+d ij cls] ljlksa ds

iwl dh ,d vkSj jkr& xaxk lgk; eh.kk*

¼dgkuh½

cht ds fy, izfl)] eh.kk igkM+h xk¡o esa mu fnuksa nl lsianzg gkFk ij dqvksa esa ik.kh FkkA lc yksx yst4 &ckYVhysdj dqvksa ij ugkus tkrs FksA vc xk¡o esa uy yx x, vkSjdqaMs [kqn x,A lc ?kj ij gh ugkrs gSaA iwjk xk¡o dhpM+Hkjhukyh esa rCnhy gks x;k gSA xk¡o ds eq[; jkLrksa ij lhesaVdh lM+d rks cu xbZ ysfdu ukfy;ka ugha cukbZ xbZaA lM+dij c<+ jgs dhpM+ us 'kgjksa ds ckf'kans fofHkUu iztkfr;ksa dsePNjksa dks U;ksrk fn;k vkSj yqHkk;k gSA oSls Hkh vc 'kgjksaesa ePNjksa dk xqtkjk bruk vklku ugha jgkA

tc dqvksa esa ik.kh Fkk rks xk¡o esa flapkbZ Hkh dkQhvklku FkhA gj dqVqac ds gj bykds ds [ksrksa ds lkFk dq,¡gSaA cqtqxksZa us bu dqvksa dks [kqn gh [kksnk vkSj ck¡/kk FkkAikuh de gksus ij os [kqn gh cYyh yxk ysrs FksA cxhpsokys dq,¡ dks [kksnus vkSj ck¡/kus esa gjds'k ds firkth uslcls T;knk dke fd;k FkkA [kqn eghusHkj rd dq,¡ esa mrjsjgsA dqvksa esa Åij ikuh gksus dk Qk;nk ;g Fkk fd lk/kkj.kbatuksa }kjk vklkuh ls flapkbZ gks tkrh Fkh ftlesa izfr?kaVsvkSlru ,d yhVj Mhty tyrk FkkA ;kuh fdQk;rh vkSjvklkuA ljlksa dks pkfg, Hkh fdrus ikuh & ,d ;k nksAbatuksa ls igys uko6 pykdj flapkbZ dh tkrh Fkh tksdkQh eqf'dy FkhA mlesa yxh esgur dks ;kn dj cM+s&cw<+svkt Hkh flgj mBrs gSaA

eh.kk igkM+h ds nf{k.k iwoZ esa ,d igkM+h Fkh vkSjmlds FkksM+k vkxs yack Mw¡xjA Mw¡xj] xk¡o vkSj [ksrksa lsfudyus okys ckfj'k ds ikuh ds lkjs jkLrs vkil esa feyrsgq, rkykc ij igq¡prs FksA blls yxHkx ,d fdyksehVjyack&pkSM+k rkykc gj lky Hkj tkrk FkkA ,d ckj rksrkykc VwVus dh ukScr vk xbZA vk/kh jkr dks tkdj xk¡ookyksa us le; jgrs dksus okyh eksjh [kksy nh vkSj rkykcVwVus ls cpk fy;kA

/khjs&/khjs bl tutkfr cgqy xk¡o esa Hkh yksxksa esaLokFkZijrk ?kj djrh xbZ vkSj mUgksaus vius [ksr ds ikl lsxqtjus okys cjlkrh ukys dh rjQ vius&vius [ksrksa dksc<+kuk 'kq: fd;k] vius [ksrksa dk ikuh etcwr MkSM+7 cukdjvius [ksrksa esa gh jksd fy;k rFkk ftu yksxksa ds [ksrksa esagksdj ikuh cM+s rkykc rd igq¡prk Fkk] mUgksaus Hkh MkSM+ dj

*ys[kd % Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dsUnz] ts,u;w esa lgk;d izksQslj gSaA


nhA QyLo:i rkykc dk Hkjuk can gks x;kA ftlls iwjsxk¡o esa tyLrj uhps tkrk jgk vkSj ,d n'kd ls Hkh dele; esa Hkjs jgus okys dq,¡ ges'kk ds fy, lw[k x,A

blds ckn xk¡o ds cM+s fdlkuksa us cksfjax djuk 'kq:fd;kA cksfjax ls flapkbZ eg¡xh gqbZ vkSj eqf'dy HkhA ,d cksjdjus esa rhu&pkj yk[k rd dk [kpZ lkekU; FkkA ml ijcksj Qsy gksus dk [krjk vyxA

ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd cksj ekfydksa us nwljs fdlkuksads [ksrksa esa flapkbZ dj bl [kpZ dks fudkyuk 'kq: djfn;kA xk¡o esa dqy feykdj vk/kk ntZu gh cksj Fks blfy,fdlkuksa dh Hkh etcwjh Fkh muls egaxh jsV ij ik.kh ysusdhA cksj ekfyd fnu esa vius [ksrksa dks Hkjkrs Fks vkSj jkresa nwljs fdlkuksa dks ik.kh nsrsA gjds'k vkSj jkethyky dschp pkj lkS #i;s izfr?kaVs dh jsV r; gqbZ FkhA

gjds'k ds firkth dks xqtjs 15 lky gks x, FksAfirkth ds tkus ds ckn thth Hkh rsth ls cw<+h gqbZA mudsikl dqy lk<+s ik¡p ch?kk tehu FkhA cgu dh 'kknh djusesa pkj yk[k ls Åij dtZ gks x;k FkkA nks #i;k lSadM+kdh dVrhferh8 dh C;kt nj us iwjs ifjokj dk gktek[kjkc dj j[kk FkkA tehu esa xqtkjk laHko ugha Fkk]blfy, igys gjds'k dh thth vkSj vc Hkwjh feLVkWy9 ijdke djrh FkhA nksuksa us etwjh Hkh [kwc dh gSA thth dk'kjhj vc etwjh djus yk;d ugha jgkA og FkksM+k&cgqrcPpksa vkSj ?kj dk dke ns[k ysrh FkhA NksVs HkkbZ dks gjds'kus ch-,- ds ckn t;iqj rS;kjh djus Hkst fn;kA ?kj esavkneh de gksus dh otg ls chp&chp esa gjds'k dsifjokj dks Hkh etwj dh t:jr iM+ tkrh FkhA [kklrkSj ijyko.kh10 ds fnuksa esaA

cxhps okyk [ksr ,d ch?kk ls dqN de gh FkkAgjds'k lcdks ikS.k ch?kk crkrkA uki ds fglkc ls ;glkSyg fclok FkkA

Hkwjh igq¡prs gh >Eeu dks ik.kh pkyw djus ds fy,dg vkbZA jkethyky iVsy us cksj ij >Eeu dks j[kk gqvkFkkA >Eeu ds firkth us jkethyky iVsy ls csVh dh 'kknhvkSj NksVs csVs dks ch- ,M- djkus ds fy, dtZ fy;k Fkk] tksog vHkh rd pqdk ugha ik;k FkkA

Hkwjh dh lkl [ksr fdukjs cxhps dh MkSM+ ijdacy vks<+dj cSB xbZA lk<s ukS cts cksj pkyw gqvkA Hkwjhus xSl D;kjh ds ikl okyh MkSM+ ij j[k fn;kA Hkwjh vkSjjes'k ljlksa ds [ksr esa dwM eksM+us yxsA

mrjrs iwl dh dkyh jkr FkhA FkksM+k dksgjk HkhFkkA BaM tksjksa ij FkhA 'kke ls iokZbZ ikSu11 py jgh FkhA

Hkwjh ikuh esa mrjh gqbZ FkhA mldh lkl chp&chp esa eBkj12

nsrh FkhA Hkwjh jes'k ls dgrh] jes'k] ns[krks jg~t~;ksA gM+kbZHkj tk; rks crk nhT;kSA eSa ik.kh nwljh gM+kbZ esa eksM+ nwaxhA*

nks ?kaVs esa yxHkx vk/kk [ksr Hkj x;kA jes'kchp&chp esa chM+h tykdj lnhZ ls VDdj ys jgk FkkA Hkwjhlyokj dqrsZ esa Fkh tks mlus gjds'k ds lkFk ukSdjh ij tkusds fy, flyok;s FksA mldh lyokj ?kqVus ls FkksM+k Åijrd Hkhxh gqbZ FkhA mlus VkWpZ xys esa yVdk j[kh FkhA

lglk Hkwjh dks eglwl gqvk fd ;s okyh D;kjhHkjus esa dqN T;knk oDr yx jgk gSA mlus jes'k ls dgkfd ns[k dgha ik.kh QwV~;ks rks uh;*\ jes'k us gj rjQ ns[kkysfdu dgha ik.kh QwVk ugha feykA

Hkwjh jes'k ds tokc ls larq"V ugha gqbZA VkWpZ lsmlus [kqn tk¡p dhA ik.kh dgha QwVk ugha FkkA mlus xkSjls cjs13 dk Hkh fujh{k.k fd;kA og Hkh ugha QwVk FkkA fQjmlus ikbi ds eq¡g ij VkWpZ Mkydj ns[kkA og ns[kdj lUujg xbZA mlus ns[kk fd ikuh dh pky vk/kh ls de gks xbZgSA mls ;s >Eeu dh 'kjkjr eglwl gqbZA og ik.kh ij jes'kdks yxkdj lh/ks jkLrs ls nkSM+rh gqbZ cksj ij xbZA ns[kk]>Eeu dejsuqek frokjs14 esa lks jgk Fkk vkSj cksj esa ikuh iwjkvk jgk FkkA

Hkwjh dks dqN le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk vkSj dqyiyksa rd og fdadRrZO;foew<+ gksdj [kM+h jghA vpkudmlds fnekx esa dqN dkSa/kkA mlus ikbi ds lkFk&lkFk [ksrdh vksj pyuk 'kq: fd;kA cksj ls [ksr dh nwjh ,dfdyksehVj ls Åij gh FkhA Hkwjh ikbi ds fdukjs&fdukjspyrh xbZ vkSj chp&chp esa ikbi dks Nwdj ns[krh jghAikuh iwjk vk jgk FkkA

Hkwjh us tlhZ iguh gqbZ Fkh vkSj 'kkWy yisVk gqvkFkk ysfdu fBBqjuHkjh gok us mls d¡id¡ikuk 'kq: djfn;kA ?kqVus ls Åij rd Hkhxh lyokj ij yx jgh gok'khr dk {ks= foLrkj dj jgh FkhA og [ksr ds ,dne djhcigqap xbZ ysfdu mls ikbi esa dksbZ fnDdr ugha feyhA

^Nikd* dh vkokt ds lkFk vpkud mldk ik¡oik.kh esa iM+kA og #dhA mlus VkWpZ tykdj ns[kkA HkSjks ds[ksr esa ik.kh Hkjk gqvk FkkA mldks le>rs nsj ugha yxhAFkksM+h vkxs ikbi QVk gqvk FkkA Hkwjh le> ugha ikbZ fdikbi dSls QVk gksxk vkSj dSls cgrs ik.kh dks jksds! ,dckj rks mlus lkspk okil tkdj >Eeu dks txk, vkSjik.kh can djus ds fy, dgsA ysfdu vxys gh iy mls[k;ky vk;k fd ik.kh can djok fn;k rks mudk [ksr dSlsHkjsxk! vkSj irk pyk fQj uacj gh u vk,!


mlus flj vkSj dkuksa dks <ddj vks<+k gqvk 'kkWymrkjk vkSj VwVk ikbi cka/kus esa tqV xbZA ck¡/kus dh izfØ;kesa ik.kh dh fipdkfj;k¡ mldks fHkxks jgh FkhA mlus dqNfeuVksa dh e'kDdr ds ckn VwVs gq, ikbi dks dqN bl rjgls ck¡/k fn;k fd mlesa ls ikuh cguk yxHkx can gks x;kAcl 'kkWy esa ls fjl&fjldj FkksM+k ikuh fudy jgk FkkA

tc ikbi dh ejEer gks xbZ rks Hkwjh dks vglklgqvk] og iwjh rjg Hkhx pqdh FkhA og T;ksa&T;ksa [ksr dhrjQ c<+ jgh Fkh] iokZbZ ikSu mldh gfM~M;ksa rd igq¡prhpyh tk jgh FkhA tlhZ Hkhx pqdh Fkh vkSj ckyksa esa Hkh ik.khigq¡p pqdk FkkA mlus [ksr esa igq¡pdj ns[kk] ik.kh dh pkyBhd FkhA

Hkwjh dh cw<+h lkl [kqn dks txk, j[kus ds fy,vkx tykdj cSBh Fkh vkSj dksbZ eh.kkokVh xhr xquxquk jghFkhA jes'k chM+h ih jgk FkkA mls jes'k ij xqLlk vk;k fdiSls rks iwjs ys ysxk ysfdu Bhd ls dwM ugha eksM+ jgkA

vk/kh ls T;knk jkr tk pqdh FkhA tc Hkwjh dksvlguh; BaM eglwl gqbZ rks og viuh lkl ds ikl vkxrkius igqap xbZA vc [ksr FkksM+k gh cpk FkkA ysfdu 'khr[kky] ek¡l vkSj gfM~M;ksa dks phjrk gqvk cnu ds vkj&ikjgks jgk FkkA lkl ds ikl lqyxrh vkx esa mls lqdwueglwl gksus yxkA mls ;kn vkbZ os reke jkrsa tks mlusvkSj gjds'k us [ksrksa ij dwM eksM+rs gq, fcrkbZ Fkh] nksuksa us,d&nwljs dks xje fd;k Fkk vkSj lqcg larq"V gksdj ?kjykSVs FksA

vkx ds ikl cSBus ls Hkwjh dks FkksM+h jkgr t:j feyhysfdu blls mlds 'kjhj esa vkyl Nkus yxkA mldh gkFkksavkSj ik¡oksa dh vaxqfy;k¡ lwt xbZ FkhA muesa [kwu te x;kAmlus vkx esa vius gkFk&ik¡o brus djhc ls lsads fd Åij ls[kky tyus dks gks xbZ vkSj vanj [kwu cQZ cuk gqvk Fkk] tSlsxhys vkVs dh jksVh dks rst vk¡p ij lsadus ij gksrk gSA

mldk nksckjk ikuh esa mrjus dk lkgl ugha gksjgk Fkk ysfdu tSls gh mls pkj lkS #i;s ?kaVs dk vglklgqvk] og ikuh esa mrj xbZ vkSj fdlh ;q) esa vius i{k dscps vkf[kjh ;ks)k dh Hkk¡fr rc rd dwM eksM+rh jgh tcrd [ksr Hkj ugha x;kA

yxHkx rhu cts FksA mldh cw<+h lkl cq> pqdsvyko ds ikl vke ds isM+ ls ihB yxkdj Å¡?k jgh FkhAjes'k us ?kj ykSVus dh rS;kjh ds :i esa vkf[kjh chM+h

tykyh FkhA Hkwjh Hkhxs diM+ksa esa ik.kh can djkus ds fy, cksjdh rjQ c<+h pyh tk jgh FkhA

ifjp;& jktLFkku ds lokbZ ek/kksiqj ftys ds lsok xk¡o esafdlku ifjokj esa 10 tqykbZ 1982 dks tUeA LFkkuh;Ldwy&dkWystksa ls Lukrd dh i<+kbZA ,e-,-] ,-fQy- vkSjih,p-Mh- fnYyh ds tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky; lsAdsUnzh; fganh laLFkku ls iksLV ,e-,- fMIyksek bu ekldE;qfuds'ku ,.M tuZfyTe- fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; vkSjikafMpsjh fo'ofo|ky; esa v/;kiu ds ckn 2007 lstokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky; esa v/;kiuA i=&if=dkvksaesa fu;fer ys[kuA cgqopu] vjkoyh mn~?kks"k] 'kCn;ksx]dFkkns'k] tuiFk] ;q)jr vke vkneh] lcyksx] lelkef;dltu] bafM;k VqMs vkfn if=dkvksa esa ys[k izdkf'krA tulRrk]fganqLrku] jk"Vªh; lgkjk] vej mtkyk] nSfud HkkLdj]jktLFkku if=dk] ns'kca/kq] tulans'k VkbEl] izHkkr [kcjvkfn v[kckjksa esa lelkef;d fo"k;ksa ij fu;fer ys[kuA^vkfnoklh lkfgR; foe'kZ* ¼la-½ iqLrd izdkf'krA dbZ'kks/k&i=ksa ds laikndh; lykgdkjA nfyr vkfnoklh laoknys[ku iqjLdkj 2011 ls lEekfurA

lanHkZ %

1- ekaA2- flapkbZ djukA dwMksa esa foHkkftr [ksr esa flapkbZ ds nkSjku

,d dwM ls nwljs dwM esa ikuh eksM+us ds dkj.k ;g 'kCnizpyu esa vk;k gksxkA

3- NksVk xSl flysaMj ftlesa esaVy yxkdj iSVªksesDl ds :iesa mtkyk djus ds fy, dke esa fy;k tkrk gSA

4- jLlhA5- dqvk¡ lw[k tkus ij mlds ry esa tkdj pkjksa rjQ ls

lqjaxuqek x<~<s dj ikuh ds ckf/kr jkLrksa dks [kksyukftlls fjl&fjldj ikuh dqvka esa vk ldsA

6- flapkbZ dk ikjaifjd rjhdk ftlesa peM+s ds pM+l dhenn ls cSyksa }kjk flapkbZ dh tkrh gSA

7- esM+A8- pØof)A9- ekLVjjkWyA10- Qly dVkbZA11- iwoZ ls pyus okyh gokA12- xyk lkQ djus ds fy, lk;kl fudkyh xbZ vkokt] ftlls

dksbZ O;fDr viuh mifLFkfr dk vglkl djkrk gSA13- cjk& [ksr esa ikuh tkus dk eq[; jkLrkA14- lekf/k LFkyA


vius diM+ksa esa yxs jä dh xa/k ls og Hkkxus dkç;kl dj jgs FksA blh ç;Ru esa os cgqr nsj ls pys tk jgsFksA mUgsa Lo;a Hkh ugha irk Fkk fd muds ix fdl Mxj vkSjiFk ij gSaA tgka efLr"d dgrk os ogha ix c<+k nsrsA

okrkoj.k esa rst+ /kwi Fkh vkSj xje yw lkSxkr ds:i esa gj txg QSyh gqbZ FkhA lw;Z ekuksa dqfir gksdj vkxmxy jgk FkkA Hkwfe dh lw[kh vkSj cstku ?kkl ,d fpaxkjhdh çrh{kk esa cSBh gqbZ FkhA vkdk'k dk lwukiu vius esafo'kky gks pyk FkkA –f"V vkleku dh vksj ns[k ughaldrh FkhA vkSj rks vkSj dgha Hkh ckny dk ,d NhaVk rdugha FkkA

[kxksa dk Hkh u rks vrk Fkk vkSj u gh irkA dnkfifdUgha r#vksa dh 'khry Nk;k esa fdUgha vksV esa os viusthou dh bl Hkh"k.k xehZ ls j{kk dj jgs FksA

dqN {k.kksa ds fy, mUgksaus bl ekgkSy esa vius nk;sagkFk dh vksV ekFks ij cukbZ vkSj pkjksa vksj ns[kkA futZyvkSj futZu Hkwfe nwj çns'k rd QSyh gqbZ FkhA os Hkyh çdkjls ifjfpr Fks fd ;s ;q) dk ifj.kke gSA blh ds pyrsvkoj.k esa bl çdkj dh fLFkfr cu iM+h gSA ij os rks ?kjdh vksj ykSV jgs gSaA os bu lc ds ckjs esa iqu% ugha lkspukpkgrsA muds bZ'oj eu us dgk] Þ;s vki fdl çdkj dsLe`fr fp= esa my> x,\ ;s vkidk dk;Z ughaA vki bZ'ojgSaA vr% bZ'oj ds leku gh O;ogkj djsaAß

ekuo eu dqN u cksy ldkA og {kr&fo{kr FkkA;q) ds dkj.k mldh ekuork ij xgjk vk?kkr igqapk FkkvkSj fo"kkn dh [kkbZ ds xqIi va/ksjs esa ?kqV jgk FkkA

ij bruk r; Fkk fd ;s vorkj* eu dh vdqykgVds dkj.k vfLFkj FkkA og lw;Z dks vkns'k nsuk pkgrs Fks fdviuk lw;Zrki de djs rkfd lHkh dks vkjke feysA ij utkus D;k lkspdj vkns'k ugha fn;kA rhu pkj yach yachlkalsa ysus ds i'pkr vkxs c<+ x,A

mudh ihyh vkSj pednkj ifo= /kksrh ij jä ds/kCcs vc rd lw;Z rki ds dkj.k lq[kdj dkys cu x, FksvkSj ,d rhoz xa/k ysdj muds lkFk&lkFk py jgs FksAcgqewY; vkHkw"k.k vkSj eksfr;ksa dh ekyk,a mudks vc lgu

bZ'oj dk liukT;ksfr*

¼dgkuh½

ugha gks jgh FkhaA ekFks ds Åij j[kk Lo.kZ eqdqV ftlesa fdeksgd eksj ia[k yxk Fkk] og Hkh dnkfi ;q) Hkwfe esa dghafxj pqdk FkkA bl ckr dh mudks [kcj Hkh ugha FkhA

uedhu cgrs Losn ls mudh ';ke o.kZ pedhyhnsg fNy xbZ FkhA muds pyus ij fgyrs Mqyrs vkHkw"k.kRopk dh fNyu ij Hk;adj ihM+k NksM+ jgs FksA FkksM+h nsj cknos mdrk x, vkSj ekykvksa dks rhozrk ls [khap dj uhps Qsadfn;kA tgka&tgka os ekyk,a fxjha rgka rgka gjh ?kkl mxvkbZ vkSj tgka eqdqV fxjk ogk¡ gjk Hkjk fdlh çdkj dk isM+;dk;d mx vk;kA fofp= ckr Fkh fd bZ'oj ds blvorkj us viuh fnO;rk ds çek.k dks /khjs /khjs vius lsvyx dj fn;k FkkA dnkfi os vorkj dh os"kHkw"kk ls vyxgksuk pkg jgs FksA

mf}Xu eu us mUgsa iLr dj fn;k FkkA FkksM+h nsjtc mUgksaus dkuksa dks fVdk dj j[kk rks ,d laokn dhfHkufHkukgV lqukbZ iM+hA dkuksa dks nk;sa vkSj ck,¡ ?kqek;kAij mUgsa vkokt+ dk irk ugha pykA /;ku yxk;kA us=ksa dkscan fd;k rks irk pyk fd muds varj esa gh laokn xwat jgsFksA

euq"; eu vkSj fnO; eu ds e/;A nso eu us dgk]Þvki ,slk fcydqy ugha dj ldrsA yksx D;k dgsaxs fdmuds bZ'oj dks D;k gks x;k gS! vki bZ'oj gSaA loZ'kfäekuAloZKA loZO;kihA leLr lf"V ds ikyudrkZ gksus ds i'pkrHkh vki bl O;ogkj esa tdM+ x, gSaA viuh cukbZ lf"V dhfpark djuk Bhd ughaA er lksfp, dqN HkhA ;q) rks gksukfuf'pr Fkk ghA ;kn jf[k;s] vki ,d bZ'oj gSaA yksxksa dhdkeuk iwjh djus okysA ,d nsork vorkjAß

euq"; eu ds us= v/k[kqys FksA og nso eu dh ckrksadks lqudj dqN u cksy ldkA D;k dgrk\ bZ'oj eu rksegku gksrk gSA mls dkSu dkV ldrk gS! ij bruk fuf'prFkk fd tks Hkh"k.k ;q) vHkh dqN le; igys gqvk mldsfo"kkn ds ny ny esa os /k¡ls pys tk jgs FksA

bl {k.k ds ckn mUgksaus ix fQj vkxs c<+k fn;sAbl ckj mudh ps"Vk esa cgqr ÅtkZ FkhA ;q) ds 'kL=ksa ds

*ysf[kdk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dsaæ] ts,u;w dh Nk=k gSA


ç;ksx dk ifj.kke ekuo vkSj i`Foh ij leku :i ls iM+kFkkA iFoh us ekuks vius firk ds ejus ij eqaMu djok fy;kgSA bl eqaMu esa mlus vius leLr lalk/kuksa dks [kks fn;kAdqN Hkh ugha cpk mlds iklA mlds us= Hkh lw[k x, FksA

cgqr nsj ls pyus ds dkj.k mUgsa flj pdjkus vkSjferyh dh fLFkfr dks ns[kuk iM+kA vk¡[ksa pkSaf/k;k¡ xbZaA nksiy vuqHko gqvk fd os fxj tk,axsA

--- vkSj ,slk gqvk HkhA

nsork Hkwfe ij fxjs ;k og euq";A ;s irk ughapykA ij muesa ls dksbZ ,d fxj x;k FkkA futhZo vkSjewfNZr gksdjA

vc rd va/ksjk gksuk vkjaHk gks x;k FkkA le; dhcsy tc vkxs c<+h rc lka> ds eqLdkrs va/ksjs rys nksuksa esa lsfdlh ,d dks gks'k vk;kA us= [kksy dj ns[kk rks mUgksausvius vki dks gjh gjh ifÙk;ksa ls yns ,d o{k ds uhps ik;kA

FkksM+k dej ij cy yxkdj /kM+ dks mBk;k vkSjihNs iM+s dkys iRFkj ij Vsd yxk yhA flj dks gkSys gkSysb/kj ls m/kj ?kqek;kA dqN u ns[k] lqu] lwa?k vkSj vuqHkodj ikus ij us=ksa dks can dj fy;kA

bl varjky dks chrrs gq, nsjh u yxh vkSj m"kk usfnu ds }kj ij nLrd ns nhA

vk¡[ksa [kqyha rks mudh Fkdku gYdh de gks xbZFkhA iy dks lkspk fd nkÅ HkbZ;k dks ;s lans'k Hkst nw¡ fdeSa rfud Hkh mfpr vuqHko ugha dj jgkA dksbZ jFk fHktoknsa rks eSa }kjdk vk tkÅ¡A ij bl chgM+ LFkku ls dSls vkSjfdlls lans'k fHktok;k tk;s] tSls gh os bruk lkspus cSBsgh Fks fd flj fQj pdjk mBkA dbZ rhoz vkSj Hk;kud çgkjmuds efLr"d ij gksus yxsA oks rM+i mBsA pDdjksa ds lkFkmudks mYVh Hkh gksus yxhA

mUgsa bl {k.k ;'kksnk eS;k dh Le`fr;ksa us ?ksjfy;kA tc os cky :i esa Fks rHkh ls yksxksa us mUgsa Hkxokudguk 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA oks dgk¡ dgykuk pkgrs FksA eS;kmUgsa drbZ bZ'oj ugha ekurh FkhaA os rks dsoy mUgsa viukdUgS;k ekurh FkhaA fdlh Hkh çdkj ds fodV le; esa ?kaVksamuds ikl cSBh jgrh FkhaA ek¡ vius cPpksa dks dHkh Hkhvdsyk ugha jgus nsrhA nq[k ;k foifÙk ds le; esa rks lclsigys vkxs [kM+h jgrh gSA ;fn vkt ;gk¡ ;'kksnk eS;k gksrhrks utkus mudh dUgS;k dks ns[k dj D;k n'kk gksrhA

mUgksaus Lo;a vius dks fdlh çdkj laHkkyk vkSj ;sfu.kZ; fd;k fd os eS;k ds ikl t:j tk,axsA ogha mudkvkjke gSA ogha mudk pSu gSA os }kjdk/kh'k ugha cusaxsA

okil uanxkao tk,axsA

blh lksp esa dqN {k.kksa ds fy, mUgksaus vius lf"Vu;uksa dks can fd;kA bl eu dh papyrk esa os Qal x, FksAfQj lkspus yxs fd ;gk¡ mudks dkSu yk;k ;k oks fdl çdkj;gk¡ vk igqaps \ D;ksafd os rks ewfNZr gks x, FksAb/kj m/kj vkokt+sa lquus dk ç;kl fd;kA fdUrq eghuvkokt+ksa esa Hkh fdlh euq"; vkSj tUrq dh mUgsa cw rd u feyhA

mUgsa gYdh gok esa cgqr vkjke fey jgk FkkAfudV gh cgrs gq, >jus dh /ofu dks vHkh rd muds papyeu us lquus ugha fn;k FkkA os gf"kZr gks dj viuh txeqLdku QSykus yxsA vius nnZ dks lgrs gq, mBs vkSj >jusdh vksj py fn;sA

gkFkksa dh dVksjh ls mUgksaus dbZ ckj vius eq[k dks/kks;kA mUgsa bl voLFkk esa ns[kdj dkSu dgsxk fd ;s egkuvorkj gSaA os fcydqy euq"; cu cSBs FksA os lksp jgs FksAos HkVd x, FksA os Le`fr eksg esa Qal x, FksA yk[kksa yksxksadh e`R;q dks vius da/ks ij ysdj py jgs FksA vkReXykfuls iw.kZ FksA os xhrk mins'kd ugha FksA os rks euq"; FksA

gkFkksa dh vatqyh ls gh mUgksaus tyiku fd;kAmudk eu 'kkar gqvkA xhys gkFkksa ls gh flj dks dbZ ckj/kks;kA Losn ls Nyuh gks pqdh Ropk ij 'khry ty Mkyusij larqf"V feyhA u tkus bu nksuksa esa ls fdldks vkjkefey jgk FkkA bZ'oj dks ;k euq"; dksA bZ'oj rks bu lcls Åij gSA

bZ'oj] og D;k gS] dSlk gS] fdl Lokn dk gS]mldh Hkw[k D;k gS] mldh ftºok D;k gS]-- dksbZ ughatkurkA fdlus mldh jpuk dh vFkok mlus viuh jpukdSls dh ;s Hkh dgkfu;ksa esa rks fy[kk gS ij mu dgkfu;ksaesa fdruh dYiuk gS vkSj fdruk ;FkkZFk gS] fdls irk \ blO;fDr dks ns[kdj ;s iz'u ;dk;d mNy iM+s gSaA

;gk¡] bl O;fä ij Hkxoku ds vorkj gksus dkvkjksi gSA mls rks yksx bZ'oj gh ekurs gSaA buds dbZ ukegSaA ;s Kku dh jkf'k gSA ij muds bl vorkj esa ,d euq";Hkh clrk gSA 'kk;n blfy, og bl n'kk esa ;gk¡ mifLFkrgSaA 'kjhj ds d"V ,d ;FkkZFk ds leku gSaA mldk nnZ eudks cgdk nsrk gSA 'kjhj esa gh vkRek dk clsjk gksrk gSA'kjhj dh ihM+k fdlh dks Hkh cqjh rjg =Lr dj ldrh gSA

ty dh 'khryrk dk çHkko bl xehZ esa vf/kdle; ugha jg ldkA rki dh rhozrk ls os fQj ewfNZr n'kkdh rjQ tkus yxsA mUgsa vius flj esa dbZ pyfp= pyrsgq, fn[kkbZ nsus yxsA fp= esa jä jathr 'ko fn[ksA og Hk;;qä gks x,A brus vf/kd 'koA fdlh dk /kM+ gS rks eqaMh


ugha] fdlh dk gLr ugha gS] fdlh dk iSj ughaA ân; HksnhØanu ekuks /ofu;ksa dk xqPNk cukdj muls Vdjk jgk FkkAbl çdkj ds fp= ls os Hkkxus yxsA mu lc esa ,d lekurkFkh fd os lc ,d ekewyh ekuo FksA budk ;q) esa lagkjgqvk FkkA

vc os laHkydj mu fp=ksa dks /;kuiwoZd ns[kusyxsA lnSo vkHkkeafMr jgus okyk eq[k bu fp=ksa dks ns[kusds dkj.k Losn;qä gks pykA gj 'ko dks ;g ihroL=/kkjhO;fä lw{e –f"V ls ns[kus yxkA dkSu ikaMo lSfud gSa vkSjdkSu dkSjo lSfud gSa bldk fcydqy irk ugha pykA mudk/keZ o/k gqvk Fkk vFkok mudh v/keZ gR;k dh xbZ Fkh] blç'u us muds vkxs vkdj va/ksjk vkPNkfnr dj fn;kA

;s rks futhZo 'ko FksA fQj Hkh bu fp=ksa esa os 'komuls mB dj loky dj jgs FksA

;s 'ko O;FkZ esa Hkxoku ds efLr"d dks vius çgkjls ?kk;y dj jgs FksA mlh fp= esa ,d Hkqus gq, xsagw ds jaxdk O;fä vius nk;sa gkFk esa ,d dVk gqvk ygwyqgku 'kh'kysdj muds vkxs vkdj [kM+k gks x;kA mlus lQsn eSyh/kksrh iguh FkhA jä ds dqN /kCcs mldh /kksrh ij iM+ x,FksA og xehZ ls rks O;kdqy ugha Fkk ij ml 'kh'k dks ns[kdjvius vJqvksa dks cgk jgk FkkA

'kh'k muds ikl ykrs gq, cksyk] Þvki gh ek/ko gSa\ß

muds mÙkj ls iwoZ og iqu% 'kh'k dh vksj ns[krs gq,cksyk] Þgk¡A eq>s fofnr gS fd vki gh ek/ko gSaA vkids dHkhn'kZu ugha gq,A ij vkidh bruh [;kfr gS fd vkidks dkSuugha igpku ysxkA vkt vki ls feyus dk volj feyk gSAblls iwoZ vkids dHkh n'kZu ugha gq, FksA ij vkt eq>svkids n'kZu dk fnO; volj fey x;kAß

os vHkh rd mls lqu jgs FksA lqudj cksys] ÞeSaek/ko ugha gw¡A ns[kks! esjh n'kkA eSa rks rqEgkjs leku gh ,dlk/kkj.k ekuq"k gw¡Aß

O;fä flj fgykrs gq, cksyk] Þugha —".k] ,sls udfg,A vki eksjia[k eqdqV /kkjh gksA vki ihrkEcj gksAlqn'kZu/kkjh gksA nsf[k;s esjs gLr esa ;s tks 'kh'k gS] ;s esjkNksVk HkkbZ FkkA bldh ikaMo dkSjo ;q) esa e`R;q gks xbZA ;sv/kehZ ugha FkkA ;s rks dsoy vius jktk dh vkKk dk ikyudj jgk FkkA u djrk rks dgk¡ tkrkA vkidh lsuk esa'kkfey ugha fd;k x;kA bl NksVs ls lSfud dks /keZjkt;qf/kf"Bj ls feyus gh ugha fn;k x;kA vc blds ifjokjdks ns[kus okyk dksbZ ughaA bls thfor dj nhft;s çHkqAthfor dj nhft;sAß

os cksys] ÞeSa dSls thfor dj ldrk gw¡ \ vkSj oSlsHkh ;s fof/k dk fo/kku gS fd tks thfor gS og rks ejsxk ghA;gh l`f"V dk fu;e gSAß

og O;fä fcy[k iM+kA cksyk] ÞD;k esjk HkkbZvfHkeU;q vkSj mÙkjk ds xHkZ iq= ijhf{kr ls fHkUu gS \ mlsHkh rks vkius thfor fd;k FkkA og thfor gqvk] rks esjkHkkbZ Hkh D;ksa ugha gks ldrk \ n;k dhft;s çHkqAß og ,slkdg vius ?kqVuksa ds cy fxj dj cSB x;kA

os pqi gks x,A

ek/ko us viuh vka[ks can dj yhA--- fQj yach lkalsavkSj dqN Hkh ughaA

ij--- os fpYyk mBsA pyrs gq, pyfp= rqjar v–'; gks x,A muds iSj ds rys ij ,d fo"kSyk ck.k yxkA osfcy[k x,A

bl ck.k ds pkyd us tc muds lEeq[k vkdjns[kk rc og æfor gks muds pj.kksa esa fxj iM+kA

vius bl —R; dh {kek ekaxrs gq, cksyk] Þeq>s {kekdhft;s çHkqA viuh =qfVo'k vki ij ck.k pyk cSBkAß

os O;fFkr ihM+k ls dgjkrs gq, fcuk ns[ks gh cksys]Þ{kek er ekaxksA rqeus rks esjk m)kj fd;k gSA eq>s thouls eqfä fnyk nhA eSa vius euq"; varj eu esa py jgs fofp=laoknksa ls =Lr FkkA ç'uksa dk mÙkj Hkh ugha ns ik jgk FkkAthou ds —R;ksa ds Qyksa dks Hkqxr jgk FkkA eSa Hkh ,dlk/kkj.k O;fä FkkA esjh Hkh ,d ek¡ Fkh] ,d çsfedk] l[kkFks] HkkbZ FksA eSa æfor gw¡A euq"; ;ksfu esa gw¡A i'pkrki esa gw¡AeSa oSlk gh Fkk tSls lc FksA---

ijarq yksxksa us Hkxoku cuk fn;kA vkSj ;gk¡ rdigqapk fn;kAß

bruk dgus ds ckn os gYdk eqLdqjk, vkSj viusçk.k R;kx fn;sA

brus esa lks;s gq, eqjyh ij fdlh ds uje gkFkksa dkLi'kZ iM+k rks og tkx mBkA cksyk] Þek¡ vki!

fdruk ctk gS \ß

ek¡ us pknj laHkkyrs gq, dgk] Þ9--- fQj ogh liukns[k jgk Fkk\ß

eqjyh us gk¡ esa flj fgyk;kA vkSj Nr dh rjQns[kdj mB dj pyk x;kA ek¡ mls tkrs ns[k mlds liusds ckjs esa lkspus yxhA


izksQslj nso'kadj uohu] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dsUæ] Hkk"kk]lkfgR; ,oa laLÑfr v/;;u laLFkku] tokgjykyusg: fo'ofo|ky;] ubZ fnYyh dks mÙkj izns'k fgUnhlaLFkku n~okjk 07 fnlEcj] 2014 dks vius eq[;ky;y[kuÅ esa o"kZ 2013 ds lkSgknZ lEeku ls uoktk x;kgSA fu.kkZ;d e.My dh laLrqfr ls ;g lEeku mUgsaHkO; lekjksg vk;ksftr dj [;kfryC/k lkfgR;dkjnw/kukFk flag ds dj deyksa ls fn;k x;kA bl voljij mUgsa laLFkku ds funs'kd MkW- lq/kkdj vnhc ,oadk;Zdkjh v/;{k Jh mn;izrki flag ds gLrk{kjlfgr ,d rkezi=] 'kkWy rFkk nks yk[k #i, dk psdiznku fd;k x;kA rkezi= ij mdsjk x;k elkSnk blizdkj gS & fgUnh rFkk eSfFkyh Hkk"kk ds e/;lkfgfR;d fofue;] lkSgknZ vkSj leUo; dks

xfrfof/k;k¡

lEiq"V djus ds fy, ;'kLoh lkfgR;dkj vkSjfgUnhlsoh MkW- nso'kadj uohu dks lkSgknZ lEekuls lekn`r djrs gq, nks yk[k dh /kujkf'kHksaVdj mÙkj izns'k fgUnh laLFkku Lo;a dksxkSjokfUor vuqHko djrk gSA eSfFkyh] fgUnh esa izks-uohu dh fyf[kr] vuwfnr ,oa ladfyr&lEikfnriqLrdksa dh la[;k yxHkx rhu ntZu gSA blds vykokntZuksa egÙoiw.kZ iqLrdksa ,oa vla[; i=&if=dkvksa esamudh dgkuh] dfork ,oa 'kks/k&vkys[k izdkf'kr gq,gSaA vuqokn v/;;u ,oa rqyukRed lkfgR; ds {ks= esamudk fo'ks"k ;ksxnku jgk gSA

MkW- nso'kadj uohu


vuqokn ls lzksr Hkk"kk lEiUu gksrh gSA

n* cqyxsV ds iz.ksrk] ckbfcy ds vkfne vuqoknd]vuqokndksa ds laj{kd lUr tsjkse ¼lu~ 340&420½ dh lefresa vk;ksftr vUrjkZ"Vªh; vuqokn fnol ds volj ij Hkkjrh;Hkk"kk dsUæ( Hkk"kk] lkfgR; ,oa laLÑfr ,oa v/;;u laLFkku]ts,u;w }kjk 30 flrEcj] 2014 dks ^Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esavuqokn dk ifjn`';* fo"k; ij ,d laxks"Bh dk vk;kstugqvk] ftlesa ns'k ds fof'k"V fo}kuksa us vius egRoiw.kZfopkj O;Dr fd,A vUrjkZ"Vªh; vuqoknd la?k lUr tsjkse¼mudk ewy uke ;qlsfc;l gkbjksfuel lkWÝkWfu;l Fkk½ dhbl iq.; frfFk dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; vuqokn fnol ?kksf"kr djlu~ 1991 ls fujUrj bl frfFk dks vuqokn ds fofo/kigyqvksa ij vk;kstu djrs vk jgs gSaA

laxks"Bh dks vkjEHk ea izks- nso'kadj uohu us vUrjkZ"Vªh;vuqokn fnol dh i"BHkwfe ls Jksrkvksa dks voxr djkrs gq,fo"k;&izorZu fd;k] vkSj cgqHkkf"kdrk vkSj cgqlkaLÑfrdrkds eísutj orZeku oSf'od ifjn'; esa O;ofLFkr vkSj mnkjlaokn gsrq vuqokn dks cM+k vkSj vifjgk;Z m|e crk;kAHkkjrh; Hkk"kk dsUæ dk ;g vk;kstu vuqokn dh blh egÙkkdks js[kkafdr djrk gSA mUgksaus bl 'kq#vkrh vk;kstu dks,d yEch ;k=k dk Jhx.ks'k dgk] vkSj bl volj ij gjo"kZ bls tkjh j[kus dh vk'ofLr nhA bl volj ds egr~mís'; dks js[kkafdr djrs gq, mUgksaus Hkkjr ds izkjfEHkdvuqokn fpUrdksa&;kLd] ikf.kuh] cqf)/keZ] dqekjtho] xq.kk<~;]lk;.kkpk;Z] {ksesUæ] nkjk'kqdksg] if.Mrjkt txUukFk vkfnds vuqokndh; vonkuksa dks J)k ls Lej.k fd;kA bl Øeesa jktkjkeeksgu jk;] jes'k pUæ nÙk] HkkjrsUnq gfj'pUæ]johUæukFk VSxksj] ckcwjko fo".kqjko ijkM+dj] egkohj izlknf}osnh] jkepUæ 'kqDy] iszepUn }kjk fd, x, vuqoknksa lsHkkjrh; xzUFkksa ds fo'oLrjh; izlkj ,oa Lok/khurk vkUnksyuds nkSjku =Lr Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa ds eukscy nsus esa vxz.khHkwfedk fuHkkus okys euhf"k;ksa ds vonkuksa dks orZeku vuqoknifjn`'; dk ikFks crk;kA dsUæ dh v/;{kk izks- js[kk oh-jktu us bl uwru iz;kl dh iz'kalk djrs gq, bls ijEijkds :i esa ns[ks tkus ij cy fn;k] vkSj lekxr fo'ks"kKksa ,oavuqokn iszfe;ksa dk Lokxr fd;kA

vuqokn ,oa izf'k{k.k ds fof'k"V fo}ku izks- vo/ks'kdqekj flag us vius oDrO; esa vuqokn dh mRifÙk ds dbZfeFkdh; ,oa 'kkL=h; lUnHkks± dh ckr djrs gq, feFkdh;ik= ukjn* dks vuqokn dk nsork* ekukA ,d vuqoknd ds:i esa lUr tsjkse dh fof'k"Vrkvksa dk mYys[k djrs gq,mUgksaus dgk fd lUr vksxLVkbu ds vuqlkj] vxj dqN ,slkgS rks lUr tsjkse dks irk ugha gS] rks 'kk;n lewph ekuorkdks Hkh mlds ckjs esa irk ugha gSA vuqokn fnol dks laoknfnol ds :i esa eukus dh bPNk tkfgj djrs gq, mUgksausdgk fd gesa Hkk"kkZ foe'kks± ds vuqokn dh ckr djuh pkfg,]vuqokn dks ek= lkfgR;kuqokn rd lhfer u gksdj vU;{ks=ksa ls Hkh tqM+uk pkfg,A mUgksaus vuqokn dh vkykspuk dhvko';drk dks Hkh js[kkafdr fd;k ,oa cyiwoZd dgk fdvuqokn dh LoLFk vkykspuk ijEijk 'kh?kzkfr'kh?kz izkjEHkgksuk pkfg,A

izks- jkec{k us dbZ foMEcukvksa dh ppkZ djrs gq,dgk fd vuqokn lEcU/kh gokbZ egy cukus ds ctk, bl{ks= esa Bksl dk;Z djus dh vko';drk gSA vuqokn dhJs"Brk vkSj izekf.kdrk ij cy nsrs gq, mUgksaus LFkkiuk nhfd [kjkc vuqokn ns'k dh xfr jksd nsrk gS] blfy, vuqokngks] rks csgrj gks] oukZ u gksA mUgksaus LFkkiuk nh fd [kjkcvuqokn ns'k dh xfr jksd nsrk gS] blfy, vuqokn gks] rkscsgrj gks] oukZ u gksA mUgksaus dgk fd ftl rjg gj fdlhdks thou esa ,d&nks isM+ yxkus dh lykg nh tkrh gS] mlhrjg de ls de ,d iqLrd dk vuqokn gj f'kf{kr O;fDrdk nkf;Ro gksuk pkfg,A vuqokn ds lUnHkZ esa ,d [krjukFkfcUnq dh vksj b'kkjk djrs gq, mUgksaus dgk fd vuqoknmiyC/k u gksus dh otg ls dqN yksx ftl rjg Hkk"kk,¡lh[krs Fks] dgha ,slk u gks fd vkusokys le; esa yksxksa dh;g bPNk lekIr gksrh tk,] vkSj /khjs&/khjs Hkk"kk&Kku dkyksi gksus yxsA orZeku vuqokn fpUrdksa dks mUgksaus blfpUrk esa 'kkfey gksus dk U;kSrk fn;kA

Hkkjrh; vuqokn fpUru ds fof'k"V fo}ku izks-gjh'k f=osnh us xEHkhj okrkZ ds nkSjku iszepUn }kjk vuwfnrvkSj muds vuwfnr xzUFkksa dh foLrkj ls ppkZ dhA mUgksaus ;w-

xfrfof/k;k¡

izLrqfr % fiz;adk 'kekZ] veys'k dqekj] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dsUæ] ts,u;w] ubZ fnYyh


vkj- vuUrewfrZ dh izfl) Ñfr laLdkj* ds fgUnh vuqokndh dqN izkjfEHkd iafDr;ksa dks m)`r dj mldh foospukdhA Hkkjrh; ifjn`'; esa vuqokn foe'kZ ij dsfUær gksrs gq,izks- f=osnh us vuqokn dks ges'kk ls misf{kr ekukA mUgksausvuqokn ds tfj, ckS) lkfgR; ,oa vU; izkphu Hkkjrh;xzUFkksa ds cM+s iSekus ij izpkj&izlkj dh ppkZ rks dh] ijlkFk gh vuqokn ds izfr] ;gk¡ rd fd vius gh izkphu xzUFkksads ewy ikB ds izfr Hkkjrh;ksa dh mnklhurk dks {kksHk O;Drfd;kA dqekjtho }kjk fd, x, phuh vqokn ds fo"k; esa,d phuh fo}ku ds lkFk vius okrkZyki dk mYys[k djrsgq, crk;k fd ftu xzUFkksa dk ewy miyC/k u gks] mudsvuqokn dh Lrjh;rk dh ij[k dSls lEHko gks ldrk gSAbl Øe esa mUgksaus v'o?kks"k dh izfl) Ñfr cq)pfjr dkmYys[k djrs gq, ml foMEcuk dk mYys[k fd;k ftlesavkt ge vk/kh&v/kwjh ekSfydrk ds lkFk viuh gh Ñfr dksekSfyd ekuus dks etcwj gSaA vius oDrO; esa mUgksaus izeq[krkls mYys[k fd;k fd fdl rjg phuh ckS) fo}kuksa us Hkkjrvkdj ;gk¡ ds ckS) ok³~e; dk phuh esa vuqokn fd;k]tcfd Hkkjrh; fo}ku bl fn'kk esa vkReeqX/k cus jgs] phuh];k vU; fons'kh ok³~e; ls Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa vuqokn ds

izfr mnklhu jgsA izks- f=osnh us dgk fd vuqokn ds izfrmnklhurk dh ;g izo`fÙk Hkkjr esa vkt Hkh n`f"Vxkspj gksrhgS] tcfd rF; gS fd vuqokn ls lzksr Hkk"kk lEiUu gksrh gSAvkt Hkh Hkkjr tSls cgqHkk"kh ns'k esa vuqokn dks nks;e ntsZdk ekuk tkrk gSA vuqokn dks Hkkjrh; lekt ds mRFkku,oa fodkl gsrq vR;Ur vko';d crkdj mUgksaus lHkhi<+s&fy[ks yksxksa ls dksbZ ,d vuqokn vo'; djus dhvihy dhA

v/;{kh; oDrO; esa Hkk"kk] lkfgr; ,oa laLÑfr v/;;u laLFkku ds Mhu ,oa vjch Hkk"kk ,oa laLÑfr dsiz[;kr fo}ku izks- vlye bLykgh us bl vk;kstu dhiz'kalk dh vkSj vius lg&oDrkvksa dh /kkj.kkvksa ls lgefrizdV djrs gq, dgk fd vuqokn vkt ds le; dh t:jrgS( blesa cM+h fu"Bk vkSj leiZ.k dh t:jr gSA laxks"Bh dklapkyu izks- nso'kadj uohu us fd;k ,oa vius bl uwruiz;kl ds fy, <sj lkjh ljkguk cVksjhA

fo'ofo|ky; ds fofHkUu dsUæksa ls vk, Nk=&Nk=kvksa,oa v/;kidksa us vUrjkZ"Vªh; vuqokn fnol] tSls bl u,vk;kstu dks ysdj vR;Ur mRlkfgr ,oa Hkfo"; esa Hkh ,sls

tqykbz&fnlecj 2014 - jawaharlal nehru university parisar jul-dec 2014.pdf · o"kz&2...

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